2019届高考英语重点石成词汇及语法解析5

2019高考英语知识点总结精华版(最全)2019届高考英语知识点总结精华版(史上最全)1.a great/good many: a large number of许多。

修饰可数名词复数。

I’m quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙，我有很多事要做。

若复数名词前有限定词或其修饰的为代词时，应加of .①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已经卖了很多书了。

②A great many of them are out of work.他们很多人失业了。

2.able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)①He is an able man.那人本事不小。

enable(v)使……能②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我们要多学知识以便能面对各种困难。

disable:有残疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一类人（残疾人）able作词辍时①可以……的，值得……的（有被动含义）eatable可食用的，measurable可以测量、估计的；readable可读的②其他含义：conformable舒适的、安逸的；suitable 合适的，恰当的3.above, over, on三个词都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。

On表示与某物体表面接触；over表示在某物体垂直的上方，含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意，与under 相对；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，与below 相对。

注意：与数字、数量、长度词连用时，多用over,同more than。

如：over10,000people一万多人；表示年龄、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十开外的人；above zero零度以上。

习惯用语：well above average远在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一个；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那边；all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over andover再三地[应用]介词填空①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it.②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.③There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.④The moon was______the trees in the east.Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④aboveabove all 首先，特别是，最重要的是after all 到底，毕竟at all (用来加强语气)与not连用，表示“一点也不，完全不”。

高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词---基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数规则形式：1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾，先变y为i再加es：city-------cities family-----families3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians二、不可数名词：1. 不可数名词：1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式；4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示；2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词：a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格：1. ’s 所有格：1). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”：This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom.2). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”：These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags.3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”, 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”：Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称：at the doctor’s at the Bob’s5). 由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面：This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格：an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital2. of 所有格：1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格：the map of China the door of the room2). 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ).Is she a daughter of __________(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语：1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致：A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.3). 名词+介词（with、but、except、along with、as well as …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致：The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则：Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名词作定语：1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变：one man teacher two women teachers第二讲座：名词---提高篇一、名词的单复数：1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化：(1) 单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形单意复：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形复意单：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成词变复数：passer­by→passers­by, son­in­law→sons­in-law, looker­on→lookers­on, go­between→go-betweens, grown­up→grown­ups(5) 词形变化：man→men, child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice，medium→media2. 不可数名词的数：(1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；with pleasure“乐意”，a ple asure“一件乐事”。

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（1）：名词含解析李仕才【考点解读】研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、词性转换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。

对名词的考察一般放在名词词义辨析（特别是同义词和近义词的辨析）、名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化、词性转换、名词动用等方面。

1、对同义词、近义词的考查如：At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】D。

【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。

way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。

approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。

mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。

method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。

【点睛】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。

要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

2、对相似词的考查如：Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】B。

2019 高考英语北京卷语法填空精细解析黑龙江绥化一中高云峰阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

AOn the first day of my first grade ，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 （voice）mybiggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends? She”handed me advice. “Be yourself. ”For the past 20years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 （face）challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 （I）the two simple words “Be yourself ” .BEarth Day， 4 （mark）on 22 April ，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countriesand regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do ，there is a way to get involved in various 6 （activity ）onEarth Day. You can plant a tree ，make a meal with locally grown vegetables ，or save power—the possibilities areendless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter ？Research on the question 7 （suggest）that，formost students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. Thestudents benefiting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged （参与）in academic life, taking fulladvantage of the college ’s chances and r（es资ou源r c e)s.Students should have a proper attitude towards collegebefore thinking about which college to attend, and it ’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a hand 10 （meaning）college experience.【第 1 题】动词处理题解题逻辑思路：动词处理题首分大方向（谓与非谓之分）。

Unit 5李仕才一、词汇复习（一）单句语法填空1．Which means of ________(transport) will you use if you travel to Beijing？答案：transportation means of transportation“交通方式”。

2．You should assume that the ________(win) would receive big money but they only got a certificate.答案：winners 从后面的they可以看出，此处指“获胜者”，并且要用复数。

3．________(surprise), he should lose his temper in public.答案：Surprisingly 副词surprisingly表示“令人吃惊地”，修饰整个句子。

4．________(expect), the injured athlete came first in the 100­meter dash.答案：Unexpectedly 副词unexpectedly表示“出人意料地”，修饰整个句子。

5．The fish is a bit ________(smell). We can't eat it.答案：smelly be动词后用形容词。

smelly“臭的”。

（二）英汉互译248.theme n. __________249.△Camelot Park__________250.central adj. __________251.△Central Park __________252.△Dollywood n. __________253.various adj. __________254.cartoon n. __________255.be famous for__________256.△roller coaster n. __________257.whichever pron. __________258.△pirate n. __________259.△fairy tale __________260.fantasy n. __________261.amusement n. __________262.swing n. vt. & vi. (swung, swung) __________263.attraction n. __________264.no wonder __________265.tourism n. __________266.wherever pron. __________267.unique adj. __________268.carpenter n. __________269.△craftsman n. __________270.engine n. __________271.△bald adj. __________272.preserve vt. n. __________273.length n. __________274.deed n. __________275.△knight n. __________276.be modeled after__________277.△Merlin the Wizard __________278.sword n. __________279.△joust vi. __________280.tournament n. __________281.settler n. __________282.athletic adj. __________283.translator n. __________284.minority n. __________285.cloth n. __________286.△Futuroscope n. __________287.jungle n. __________288.△diver n. __________289.creature n. __________290..sunlight n. __________291.△T-Rex n. (=Tyrannosaurus Rex) __________ 292.advance vt. & vi. __________293.in advance __________294.advanced adj. __________295.brand n. __________296.get close to __________e to life __________298.outing n. __________299.admission n. __________300.shuttle n. __________301.freeway n. __________302.souvenir n. __________303.sneaker n. __________304.brochure n. __________二、阅读理解AOPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAntlia PneumaticaIn a new play by Anne Washburn, directed by Ken Rus Schmoll, a group of estranged friends gather at a Texas farm house to bury one of their peers. (Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St. 212-279-4200. In previews.)Bright StarSteve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical, in which a magazine editor meets a soldier returning from the Second World War. Walter Bobbie directs. (Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)The CrucibleIvo van Hove directs Arthur Miller’s classic drama about the Salem witch trials, starring Saoirse Ronan, Ben Whishaw, Ciaran Hinds, and Sophie Okonedo. (Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)Dry PowderJohn Krasinski, Claire Danes, and Hank Azaria star in Sarah Burgess’s play, in which an executive at a private-equity firm (私人股本公司) tries to rebound from a P.R. disaster. Thomas Kail directs. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555. In previews. Opens Oct. 28, 2017)The FatherFrank Langella stars in a play by the French writer Florian Zeller, translated by Christopher Hampton and directed by Doug Hughes for Manhattan Theatre Club, about an eighty-year-old man who is losing his grip on his own life story. (Samuel J. Friedman, 261 W. 47th St. 212-239-6200. Previews begin Oct. 28, 2017)1.If you’re interested in A merican music, where can you get entertained?A. Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St.B. Cort, 138 W. 48th St.C. Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St.D. Public, 425 Lafayette St.2.If you want to preview a play now, which of the following is not available?A. Bright StarB. The CrucibleC. Dry PowderD. The Father3.The author’s purpose of writing the passage is to ________ .A. informB. entertainC. persuadeD. describe【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要是向读者介绍四部影片。

专题17 点石成金完形填空之记叙文一、“This Friday we’ll have the yearly Egg Drop Challenge，” said our science teacher，Mr Smith.“You can work alone or with a partner.”My friend，Jenny，and I smiled at eac h other.We always worked on projects 1 .The 2 of the challenge was simple—to build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking when 3 the stadium wall.I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Jenny. 4 the butter-cream gave me an idea.“I have a brilliant design for our 5 container！” I said when Jenny arrived.“We can 6 the egg with some butter-cream.”“Why not put the egg in a basket with a parachute(降落伞) 7 ？” Jenny rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better than that stupid idea.”I couldn’t believe it.Of course we’d had our lit tle 8 in the past，but she’d never called any of my ideas “ 9 ” before.“Then I’ll build mine and you build yours！”10 words had been out，our friendship was challenged.When Friday fin ally arrived，I had to 11 Jenny’s Egg Force One looked pret ty good. 12 ，my Egg-cellent Egg Cream didn’t look quite scientific.We kids carried our containers up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall.Those whose eggs broke were out；those whose eggs survived 13 three more steps and dropped them again.This would go on till the last egg broke.After four rounds，only Jenny and I were 14 .I let go of my box.I heard someone say “ew” after seconds.Had my egg broken? I raced down the 15 .The sidewalk was dotted with egg shells(蛋壳) from those 16 drops.Finally I found my little Egg-cellent Egg Cream.“That looks like egg drop soup，Laura，” Jenny said.She was holding her Egg Force One.My 17 raced.Had she won? I looked at her basket. 18 .“My egg bounced 19 ，” she explained，pointing to a broken shell.“A tie(平局)，” Mr Smith said.Jenny looked at me，and her glare 20 .I laughed.She smiled...1.A.patiently B.silentlyC.togetherD.alone答案 C解析根据第一段内容可知，可以单人和两人合作参赛，通过“friend”“smile”以及后文得知，她们总是一起完成项目。

词汇（5）李仕才复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）【单句单词语法填空】1．After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ (accommodate) for the homeless families.2．The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ________ (solve)．3．After living in Quanzhou for five years, she had developed an________ (affect) for the city.4．The police are trying to find out the ________ (identify) of the woman murdered in the bathroom.5．The Harry Potter books enjoy great ________ (popular); they are in great demand in this city.参考答案1.accommodation2.solution3.affection 4．identification5.popularity核心单词1.cancel vt. 取消2.candidate n. 候选人，申请人3.canteen n. 餐厅；食堂4.capital n. 首都5.casual adj. 漫不经心的，不经意的，非正式的6.catalogue n. 目录7.cause n. 原因，起因vt. 促使，引起，使发生8.caution n. 谨慎，小心，警告9.cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的10.celebrate vt. 庆祝11.celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝会12.ceremony n. 典礼，仪式，礼节13.certificate n. 证明，证书14.challenging adj. 具有挑战性的15.champion n. 冠军16.chance n. 机会，可能性17.changeable adj. 易变的，变化无常的18.character n. (汉)字，字体；品格19.characteristic adj. 典型的，独特的20.circulate v. (液体或气体)环流，循环21.circumstance n. (pl.)情况，环境，形势；境况；境遇22.civilization n. 文明23.clarify v. 澄清，阐明24.classic adj. 经典的n. 名著25.classify v. 分类，归类重点短语1.blame sb for sth/doing sth 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任2.bring down 让……降下来；使倒下bring up 培养；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐bring about 引起；产生；导致bring sth back 带回某物；使想起某事bring in 引入；赚(钱)bring out【阅读理解】Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; ＂high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.＂Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as whenLewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snowB. there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky MountainsD. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass .A. has changed a lot since 1805B.is the meeting point of three culturesC. remains much the same as it was 200 years agoD. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were mostprobably .A. two native IndiansB. explorers of the early 19th centuryC. merchants who did business with the IndiansD. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass theauthor .A. was attempting the impossibleB. was trying to set a world recordC. was following the trail of Lewis and ClarkD. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks【文章大意】本文纪录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险，尽管天气、路程等的艰难，但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。

1.Chris trips on the “ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers. （2019 全国）句意：克里斯说错了“ld”，这是许多非英语母语者的发音难题。

【句子结构分析】简单句【熟词僻义分析】1.trip①熟义：n 旅行We went on a trip to the mountains.我们到山里去旅游了。

②生义：v 绊倒Someone will trip over that cable.有人会让那条电缆绊倒的。

2.Pronunciation①熟义：发音Your pronunciation is excellent.你的发音好极了。

②生义：读法Which of these three pronunciations is the most usual?这三种读法中,哪一种最常用?3.Difficulty①熟义：难题/困难They discussed the difficulty of studying abroad.他们讨论了到国外学习的困难。

②生义：纠葛Thus the personal difficulty was smoothed over for the moment.这样,私人方面的纠葛暂时消除了.2.Then came my tween and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. （2019 全国）句意：然后是我的青少年，坏女孩和酷孩子。

【句子结构分析】简单句【熟词僻义分析】1.mean①熟义：v 意思是What she means is that there's no point in waiting here.她的意思是说在这儿等下去没什么意义。

②生义：adj 不善良，刻薄He was also petty, unreasonably querulous, and mean.他还是个气量狭窄, 无事生非, 平庸刻薄的人.2.cool①熟义：adj. 凉爽的；酷的Drink plenty of water and rest in a cool place.喝足量的水,在凉快的地方休息.②生义：v. (感觉、感情等)变淡，减弱，减少/冷静It's ridiculous to play it cool if someone you're mad about is mad about you too.如果让你生气的人也在生你的气，而你还要假装冷静，那就太可笑了。

2019届高考英语二轮考点解析卷（五）1、While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings inChina such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,manyexcellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu,a 49-year-old Chinese architect,wonthe 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize inarchitecture—on February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Manyvisitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked theworkers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls,roofs and corridors.Thiscreation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledgeof traditions.Through such a balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture,saidTadao Ando,the winner of the1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums."That is onlyevidence that traditions once existed," he said."Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.They think tradition meansold things from the past.In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been developingand that are still being created, " he said."Today,many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather thanfocusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowingwhat they really are," said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise,the recreation oftraditions would be artificial and empty,he said.1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.2、Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the lone term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.Scientist C: I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls (头骨) and think of what s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.1.What is Scientist B worried about?A.AI technology will destroy the earth.B.Robots will take the place of humans.puters can’t think by themselves.D.Humans will be unhappy without machines.2.What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?A.I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.B.We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.C.“Murderbots” will be against humans’ orders.D.“Murderbots” can’t decide by themselves.3.Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?A.The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.B.Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.C.“Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.D.All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.4.Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?A.Scientist A.B.Scientists B &C.C.C. Scientist B.D.Scientists B & A.3、In today’s global world, more and more people travel to foreign countries. Cross cultural awareness and an understanding of foreign etiquette is important if you want to succeed as an international business person. Behaviour that is polite at home may be considered rude in another country. In particular, by learning about dining etiquette and table manners, you can avoid offending people and this can directly influence your business success.John Smith’s book The Perfect Guest is a goldmine of inf ormation for the globe - trotting business person. There are chapters dedicated to all the main problem areas of dining etiquette and entertaining in different countries and tips on how to cope with embarrassing situations.These are some of the areas which are covered in the book.Seating arrangementsWhether you are eating at a restaurant or at someone’s home, there may be a fixed protocol of who sits where. Do men and women sit together? Is there a hierarchy according to age or status? Rules vary greatly. For example, inKorea, it is customary to offer the best seat to the most senior person; in theUS, there are no specific seating rules. If you don’t know where to sit, wait until your host shows you.ConversationIs the dining table the right place to have a conversation or is the meal taken in silence? In France, for instance, the meal is a social affair with loud animated conversations and most topics are acceptable, including business. In Japanor Vietnam, on the other hand, only quiet conversation is acceptable and business is never conducted at the dinner table.FoodWhat type of food is popular? Is it polite to remark on the food? Should you eat everything or leave some food on your plate? Is it polite to ask for the salt an d pepper if it isn’t on the table? And how can you deal with a food delicacy that you find disgusting? In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.1.Who is most likely to find the information useful?A.A business person.B.A scientist.C.A student.D.A soldier.2.When you are a guest in the US, where should you sit?A.In the best seat.B.Where your host shows you to sit.C.Wherever you like.D.Next to the senior.3.You leave food on your plate in Egypt ________.A.to show that you have eaten enoughB.so that there arc leftovers for the catC.to show that you don’t like the foodD.but it is considered rude4.The passage mainly tells us _______.A.cross cultural dining etiquetteB.cultural differences around the worldC.how to improve cultural awarenessD.why the book is worth buying4、Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员) and profits(利润) of over $2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. "Your working uniform is your shelter," he told her. "Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be."Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions(情绪). Most importantly, it taught him willpower.At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit; willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. "Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic," Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. "Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it."The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers' lives. Those courses arc, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.1.We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must ________.A.learn to give lecturesB.attend education programsC.design a working uniformD.develop a common hobby2.Willpower will become a habit when employees can _________.A.focus on the profitsB.benefit from the jobC.protect themselves wellD.control their feeling well3.What can we infer from the passage?A.G&G has grown into a large company.B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.C.G&G may become more successful in the future.D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

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personalflat apartment upstairs downstairs kitchen lounge study laundry garage ceiling balcony chimney fence courtyard entranceexitsettle down/in furniture cupboard shelf drawer shower bathebrushshavestay up wake up sweepdustlitter garbage educat ion election exhibition expectation explanation edition imagination information instructionintentionintroductionintroductioninventionimmigrationinvitationlocationoperationoccupationorganizationpollutionpopulationpreparationpresentationpronunciationprotectionreceptionreputationsatisfactionsectionselectionseparationsituationstarvationsuggestiontranslationtransportationvacationhelmetsuitcaseswitchchargeelectricityelectricelectronicair conditioneralarm clockremote controlin a messnurserykindergartenelementary schoolprimary schooljunior high schoolsenior high schoolcollegedepartmentacademyuniversitycampusinstitutiondormitoryregisterapplication/applyauthoritycommitteeeducatedisciplinescheduleregulationgraduatedegreeeducatorprofessorscholarinstructorlecturertutorpresidentmonitoradolescentmajorchemistrybiographyphysicseconomicspoliticshistorygeographyliteratureagricultureecologyassignmentconceptdictationeffortdocumentprogress theory experiment summary revision absent method teamwork efficient error mistake fault mistaken outcome feedback examination access absorb concentrate attend check cheat debate dismiss focusfailgrasp master instruct recite improve reply research review revise scanskipskim share solve settle handwriting intelligence admis sion comprehensionconclusiondecisiondiscussiondivisionexplosionexpressionimpressionpermissionpossessionactivitycampaignchallengecompetitioncontestelectioncastbroadcastspeechlectureleisurerelaxationrefreshengage ininvolve injointake part 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accident safetyin danger rush hour traffic jam handwriting deadline mainland breakthrough drawback earthquake headache household make-up delayfinelandparkspeed engineflightfuellicensepetroltransportwheelconvenientaboardboombranchchainchincommercialcontractdealfirmcorporationinvestmentnegotiationproductionprofitcompetedoubleestablishabolishexportimportcapitalcurrencyfinancialfinanceinflationinterestloandepositwithdrawcrisisburdeneconomyfortuneindustrywealthstatisticscandidatecommunityinstitutionministerpolicyreformrevolutionformlaunchvotefederalsocialpoliticalhighlightovertakecustom（s）generationimmigrantobserveancientconventionalreligionreligiousabsent-mindedold-fashionedoverallstrong-willedcommitcrimeevidencejusticelawyerproofthiefvictimviolenceaccusearrestchargerobsentencerobsuspectguiltyinnocentbattleconflictexplosionbulletnavysecurityterrortroopweaponattackdefendoffendbreak outdeclareup-to-datewell-behaved widespread worldwide worthwhile population population explosion ruralurbanpollutionrubbishwastebaresevereglobal warming greenhouse effect atmosphere balanceenergy conservation ecology protection resource alternativesolaradvocateinfluence preservereserveprevent recycleresultthreatenanswer forconsequenceenvironmentalenvironment-friendlyphenomenonresponsibilityshortagebranchtrunkleafabsorbharvestpicksowbutterflycattledinosaureaglemosquitoclawfeatherorgantissuebarkchasefeedraisehowlbeastcreatureinsectgive birth tooxygenvirusfiercehabitathabitspeciesin dangerdie outcoastbayharborportshorestraitstreamcanaljungleplainrangemountainousanyhowanywaydowntowndownstairsfrostfogfoggyfreezewarmthmildshowerthunderblowpourdampwetclimateforecastchangeablepleasantbe/get caught inclear updroughtearthquakehurricanevolcanoburstdestroyeruptfrightenpanicpredictproviderescueruinshakestrikesupplysurvivesurvivalsurvivorterrifybe/get stuck in damagedisastersheltervictimmuddyforeverindoorsachieveadoptadaptadmitappealarouseattach importance to attackattractbookcalculatecheckcombinecontactcontainenableexpertexpecthandlehesitateimaginelastmanagematchpromisereflectremain remindrequestreviewriskwhispermeanwhilemoreovernationwidenowadaysotherwiseoutdoorsafter allin casein favour ofin terms ofin turnin vainout of sightwork outfind outfigure ou t动词短语1. add to增加，增进add … to把…加进…add up相加add up to总计2. break away from脱离，挣脱break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，抛锚break off暂停，中断break in强行进入，插话break into闯入break into pieces成为碎片break out爆发break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散break through突破3. bring up抚养，呕吐bring about造成bring out拿出，出版bring in引入，引进bring back使回想起bring down使下降，4. call on号召，拜访（某人）call at拜访、参观（某地）call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要call up使回忆起callin召集，请某人来call out大喊，高叫call off取消，不举行5. come about发生come down下跌，降come in进来come intocome on来临/ 快点come out出版come along一道来come to达到(anend/an agreement/astop)苏醒，合计，总共是come over走过来come up with提出come across偶然碰到come back回想起come from来自，源自6. cut across抄近路cut down砍倒，削减cut off切断，断绝cut up切碎cut out删（省）掉，cut in插嘴7.dieof(disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷）die from死于（意外事故、情形）die away渐渐消逝die out绝种die down(炉火)渐熄8. fall behind落后fall down掉下，跌倒fall back撤退，后退9. go in for从事，喜爱go through通过go over复习，检查go up（价格）上涨，建造起来go after追捕，追赶go against违反go ahead开始吧，说吧go away离开go by时间过去go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉go on(with)继续进行go without没有，缺少go out外出，熄灭go all out全力以赴go beyond超出10. get down记下，使沮丧get down to致力于get on上车get off脱下,下车get in收集，插（话）get away逃跑，逃脱get over克服，从疾病中恢复get along with进展，相处get up起床get through打通电话，完成，通过get round消息传开get close to sth. 接近get into (trouble)get out 11. give away泄露，赠送give out发出分发，公布give off发出（光、热、气体）give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放弃12. hand in交上，提交hand out分发hand down流传，遗传13. hang about闲逛hang up挂电话14. hold back阻止，隐瞒hold up举起，使停顿hold on别挂电话hold out持续，坚持，伸出hold down镇压15. keep up (courage,English, spirits)保持keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近，离开keep away from避开，不接近keep out ofkeep on继续keepback阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下keep from克制，阻止16. knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上knock down撞倒knock off停止工作17. leave for离开前往leave out删去，遗漏leave behind遗留,忘记拿走18. look up查找，向上看look through浏览look on旁观look on…as看作look into调查look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找look out(for)当心look about/around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back upon回忆，回顾look ab. up and down仔细打量某人look sb in theface/eyes直视某人19. make up编造，配制，打扮，组成make up for弥补make into / of / from制成make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）make for走向，驶往20. pass away去世pass by经过pass down(on)…to传给pass through经历pass over漠视，忽视21. pay back还钱，报复pay for付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应pay off还清22.pick up拾起，接人，收听，学到，复苏(language/knowledge)，恢复重获(pick uphealth)pick out挑选，辨认23. put up修建，张贴，投宿put up with忍受put out伸出，扑灭put off推迟put into放进put away放好put down记下，平息put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed) put forward 提出，提前put through 接通电话put aside放到一边put back放回24. pull down拆掉，推翻pull on匆匆穿上/ off 脱pull in进站pull out取出,(火车)离站pull down往下拉,拆毁pull over驶到一边pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境pull up（使）停住25. push over推倒，刮倒push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过26. run across偶然碰到run after追逐，追捕run away逃跑run for竞选run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞run out of用完27. see off送行see through看透，识破see to照料，照管28. send for派人去请send off送行send out发出（光亮）send up发射29. set up建立set off出发set out动身，着手(todo)set about开始着手(doing)set to work(n.)开始做set back拨回，使推迟30. take off脱掉，起飞take on呈现雇佣take away拿走take in吸收，领会take up从事，占用（时间空间）take down记录，取下take back收回take for误认为take along随身带take over接管take charge of负责,take sth. for granted想当然take pride in以… ……为自豪,take the place of, 代替take place发生take turns to do轮流做,take office就职31. think of想起think of…as把…看作think out想出think up想出think about考虑think over仔细考虑think well of sb. 对某人看法好32. turn off / on打开turn over翻身，翻（书页），翻转turn out证明为，结果，turn to转向，求助turn down调低，拒绝turn against反对turn away转过脸去turn back返回turn round转过身来turn up出现，音量调大turn in上缴turn upside down弄得乱七八糟。