新人教版(2019)必修三 Unit1 核心词汇和重要短语的用法

Unit1 Festivals 核心词汇

单元核心词汇用法（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)

1.Discuss when they take place,what they celebrate and what people do at that time.

辨析: take place,happen,break out均表示“出现，发生”，均为不及物动词，没有被动语态，不能直接跟宾语

①take place发生、碰巧:有意向性的举行，生发, 侧重有一定原因，或按照计划,安排举行的事情(发生了)。

②happen:发生、想到、突然想起偶然性的突发，偶发。侧重没有预料到的事情，碰巧的事（出现了）。

happen to sb /sth. 某人＼某事发生什么事happen to do sth 碰巧：It happens that…碰巧，恰巧

③break out爆发.强调其出人意料，指火灾、战争、疾病等(突然爆发了)

④occur突然地发生想起。某事，某想法出现在人的头脑中，常与介词to连用。

sth occurs to sb某人想到某物 It occurred/pccurs to sb. +that从句 某人突然想起某事

⑤come about:发生、产生:常指已发生的事,还不知道为什么(多与how连用，用于疑问和否定句),与happen用法接近。

【练习】根据句子的意思翻译或按要求填词。

1). Great changes have_________ (发生) in our hometown during the past ten years.

2). ____________________ (我突然想起) I saw him on my way home yesterday.

3). I _________ (碰巧) to see your sister crying on my way to school yesterday. I was in such a hurry that I had no time to ask

what had happened ________ (介词) her?

4). When the Second World War _________ (爆发), Tom was only a newborn infant.

5). I’ ll never understand how it _________ (发生) that you were late three times a week.

6). A big earthquake _________ (发生) in the south of China last year.

答案：1). taken place 2). It occurred to me that 3). happened; to 4). broke out 5). came about 6). occurred / happened

2. celebrate / congratulate

【解释】celebrate“庆祝”，后面跟某个节日或物。congratulate“祝贺”: congratulate sb. on (doing)sth.“祝贺某人某事”

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). We all ________ Jessica on her winning the first prize in the writing competition.

2). At Christmas the people in the western countries will ________ the birth of Jesus.

3). Let’s hold a party to ________ your birthday and at the same time ________ you _______ your passing the examination.

答案： 1). congratulated 2). celebrate 3). celebrate; congratulate; on

3. gather / collect【解释】这两词用不及物动词时用，常可互换，都表 “ 聚集；聚拢 ” 。

gather用途较广泛,可用于人、物或抽象事物，如人群的集合,财产,文件,书籍等的收集。强调将分散的东西收集在一起。

collect强调为了研究目的而做的有鉴别,有计划的收集,并指为了爱好而做的有条理的安排,对某些事物进行逐渐的收集

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). The dustmen_______the rubbish once a week. 2). A group of people were________ at the accident spot.

3). She_______up her scattered belongings and left. 4). So when did you start_______antique glass?

答案： 1). collect 2). gathering/(collecting) 3). gathered/collected 4). Collecting

4. award / reward

【解释】award n.“奖品”、“奖金”，指因为作出杰出成就而受奖win/get/receive an award for sth.

vt.“授与”、“颁发”、“判给” award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.

reward n.赏金,报酬 as a reward vt.报答、酬谢 reward sb. for sth. / reward sb. with sth.

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). They ________ John the first prize in the contest. 2). Is that how you ________ me for my help?

3). The film won an ________ ________ its photography. 答案：1). awarded 2). reward 3). award; for

II．核心词汇用法

1.mean ①means n. 手段,方法E-mail is an efective means of communication.电子邮件是一种有效的通信手段。meaning n. 意思,意义 meaningless毫无意义的,毫无目的的meaningful 重要的 ②adj.吝啬的(小气),刻薄的(卑鄙)be mean with/over/about sth对---很吝啬John has always been mean with money while his sister is generous with it.

他在花钱方面总是非常吝啬，然而她妹妹却很慷慨It is mean of him to say bad word on me. ③mean (meant, meant) vt.&vi. 意思是；意味着；打算；预定

mean vt.意指,意思是; What did he mean by saying that?

Did Jim mean that he was satisfied with our servise?

④mean to do sth.示意,打算去做… mean doing sth . 意味着结果What do／did you mean by...? “你……是什么意思？”

My father meant me to be an engineer. I didn’t mean you to read the letter.我没有打算让你就看那封信。

The new law means working

overtime without pay.新法律意味着无偿加班工作。The sign means that the road is

blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通.What do you mean to do with it?你打算把它怎样处理？

I mean you to work as our spokesman. 我想请你当我们的代言人。

[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。1). Can you tell me what this sentence______ (mean)?

2). Your friendship ______ (mean) a great deal ______ (介词) me.

3). In some parts of London, missing a bus means ______ (wait) for another hour.

4). What did he mean ______ (介词) saying that remark?

5). I ______ ______ ______ ______（本来打算来）yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.

6). 这些房间是打算用作少年活动中心的。______________________________

答案：1). mean 2). means; to 3). waiting 4). by5). had meant to come6).These rooms are meant for the children’s centre.

2.starve: vi.&vt.挨饿,饥饿, 渴望做某事。

①词形变化：starving adj.饥饿的;受饿的the starving饥民starvation n[u].挨饿;饿死 starvation diet极少量的食物

②[重点用法] starve to death = die of starvation/hunger饿死 starve sb to death把某人饿死Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数百万计的人挨饿至死。③starve for sth. = be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth. 希望/渴望得到某物 What’s for dinner?I’m starving to death!晚饭吃什么?我饿死了!She failed again,starving for

success.她又失败了，渴望成功。④be starved of 缺乏,通常用被动