初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

句子成分精讲

句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分：主语和谓语

1、主语

一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：

一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语

She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语

Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语

The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语

There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语

Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语

To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语

2、谓语

表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.

英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词

句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析句子的主语和谓语

Mr. Li teaches English.

He can play the piano.

My parents and I are having dinner.

3、表语

用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置

用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

Your pen is on the desk.

He got very angry.

My dream is to have a robot.

常见的系动词

1. be动词

2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等

3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等

上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语

是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.

及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.

不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.

I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词做宾语

I want three. 数词做宾语

I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语

We think predicting the future is hard. 宾语从句

5、宾语补足语（宾补）

有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。

充当宾补的有:

1. 形容词作宾语补足语

The sun keeps us warm.

2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:

I found her in the room.

3. 副词作宾语补足语。

Please let him in.

4. 名词作宾语补足语。

We made him monitor of the class.

5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。

I asked him to come. 初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

6、定语

定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)

1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)

They have a clever son.

I have something important to tell you.

2. 名词作定语:

Is it a color film?

名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:

school bus, ticket office, paper flowers

但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop

man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:

men drivers , women doctors

3. 代词作定语:

This song is better than that one.

4. 数词作定语:

There are only thirty students in our class.

带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.

a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy

5. 副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):

Do you know the young man over there?

6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):

The students in our class like swimming.

7、状语

修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.

1. 副词作状语:

The old man is walking slowly. 表方式

The boy is very clever. 表程度

2. 介词短语作状语:

I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表时间 初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

3. 不定式作状语

I come here to see you. 表目的

4. 现在分词作状语

The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式

5. 状语从句

We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

状语的位置

1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。

We like our school very much.

2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.

I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,

用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后

I usually get up early.

He is often late.

一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似

sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末

only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.

The actor only sang a song.

Only the actor sang a song.

The actor sang only one song.

两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序

1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.

We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大

Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词

She sang very well at the meeting last night.

时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯

Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening. 初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

动词-ed形式作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语

一、动词-ed形式作定语

过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle

Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：

spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);

但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。

(1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。

The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)

Lost time can never be found again．虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=time which is lost)

(2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。

1. Everything used should be marked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。

2. Among the invited were some ladies．被邀请的人中,有些是女士。

3. The books left are for my students．剩下的书是给我的学生的。

②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。

1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)

2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。 (=which was

attended by a lot of people)

3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。