大学英语精读总结

大学英语精读引言大学英语精读是大学英语教学中的重要一环，旨在帮助学生提升阅读理解能力，培养英语思维能力，拓宽知识视野。

本文将介绍大学英语精读课程的重要性，教学目标，以及一些学习技巧和资源。

重要性大学英语精读是培养学生综合英语应用能力的重要途径之一。

通过精读文本，学生可以提高对词汇、语法的理解和应用。

同时，精读课程还能帮助学生培养阅读的习惯和技巧，提高阅读速度和理解能力。

在现代社会中，英语已成为国际交流和商务合作的重要工具。

良好的英语阅读能力将给学生带来更多的机会和挑战。

通过大学英语精读的学习，学生不仅可以更好地理解英语原文，还能够更高效地获取信息和分析问题。

教学目标大学英语精读的教学目标主要包括以下几个方面：1.提高学生阅读理解能力。

通过精读文本，学生将学习如何正确理解文本中的信息，提取关键词汇和句子，并准确回答相关问题。

2.培养学生英语思维能力。

精读课程将引导学生采用英语思维的方式进行阅读，培养学生用英语思考和表达的能力。

3.拓宽学生的知识视野。

大学英语精读课程涉及各个领域的英语原文，如文学、科技、商务等，学生可以通过阅读这些原文拓展自己的知识储备。

学习技巧为了更好地学习大学英语精读，学生可以采用以下几种学习技巧：1.提前预习。

在上课前，学生可以提前预习课文，了解文章的主题和大意。

可以先快速浏览一遍文章，标记出关键词汇和句子，为后续的阅读做好准备。

2.注重词汇积累。

词汇是阅读的基础，学生应该注重积累常见的词汇量。

可以通过背诵单词卡片、使用词汇书或者参加词汇训练班等方式进行词汇积累。

3.高效阅读。

在阅读过程中，学生可以使用一些阅读技巧，如扫读、略读、精读等。

根据需要，选择不同的阅读方式，可以较快地获取信息和理解文章的主要内容。

4.组织读后反思。

阅读完一篇文章后，学生可以进行读后反思，思考自己对文章的整体理解程度，复述文章的主旨大意，总结出关键信息。

学习资源为了更好地学习大学英语精读，学生可以利用以下学习资源：1.教材和课本。

English S ummary PhrasesPart I学术生活 academic l ife民族认同 ethnic i dentity种族歧视 racial p rejudice伦理道德观念 ethical v alues政治上的成熟 political m aturity认同危机 identity c risis基因工程 genetic e ngineering偶然事件 chance e vents青少年阶段 adolescence s tage每日工作日程 daily a genda功能独立 functional i ndependence异性 the o pposite s ex生活方式 a w ay o f l ife获得知识 to a cquire k nowledge给这个词下定义 to d efine t he w ord对这种对待感到反感 to r esent t he t reatment确立自己的身份 to e stablish t heir i dentity使学生感到沮丧 to f rustrate t he s tudents宣战 to d eclare w ar拖着脚步 to d rag o ne’s f eet对结果进行评估 to e valuate t he r esult对知识进行加工 to p rocess k nowledge缩小差距 to n arrow t he g ap扩大业务 to e xpand b usiness装配汽车 to a ssemble c ars提出事实 to p resent f actsPart I I决定今天到此为止 to c all i t a d ay获得利益 to m ake p rofit改进性能 to i mprove p erformance停学 to q uit s chool做一笔交易 to m ake a d eal变本加厉重新开始 to s tart a gain w ith a v engeance 注册登记成立一家公司 to i ncorporate a c ompany组装一辆汽车 to a ssemble a c arto g ross(top/net) 10 m illion d ollars营业额达(总数超/纯利达)一千万美元开发产品 to d evelop p roducts营销产品 to m arket p roducts从中得到教训 to d raw a l esson f rom i t实现梦想 to r ealize a d ream捐钱 to d onate m oney游手好闲，不务正业 to f ool a round经济前景 business(economic) p rospects竞争优势 a c ompetitive e dge营业执照 business l icense库存和管理费 inventory a nd o verheads按客户需要配置的电脑 custom-­‐made(personalized) c omputers 库存过多 surplus s tock/excess i nventory销售定额 a s ales q uota增值 added v alue零售价格 a r etail p rice千载难逢的机会 the o pportunity o f a l ifetime春假 spring r ecess财务和管理 finance a nd a dministration直销 direct m arketing会计基础 accounting b asics可以退货的保证 a m oney-­‐back g uarantee现场服务 on-­‐site s ervice市中心 a c ivic c enter犹太人集中的社区 the J ewish c ommunity终端用户 end u sersPart I II继续去写她的东西 to r esume h er w riting流露他的真情 to b etray h is t rue f eelings引起巨大愤怒 to a rouse g reat a nger出自己的洋相 to m ake a f ool o f o neself通知相关的所有人 to i nform e veryone c oncerned问讯 to m ake i nquires遭受巨大痛苦 to s uffer a t errible p ain扔一块石头 to p itch a s tone（因为重要）专门去做某事 to m ake a p oint o f d oing s omething侵犯我的隐私 t o i nfringe o n m y p rivacy放弃研究 to a bandon t he r esearch上一个新项目 to l aunch a n ew p roject重新做人 to s tart o ne’s l ife a fresh采纳一种新方法 to a dopt a n ew m ethod挑起激烈的反应 to p rovoke a v iolent r eaction找回自己丢失的车 to r ecover o ne’s m issing c ar涉及到和各种人打交道 to i nvolve d ealing w ith a ll k inds o f p eoplePart I V将人民币换成外币 t o c onvert C NY i nto f oreign c urrency寻找真理 to s eek t he t ruth抛掉旧的传统 to d iscard t he o ld t raditions讽刺人的虚荣 to s atirize h uman v anity在那岛上住人 to i nhabit t hat i sland钦佩他们的勇气 to a dmire t heir c ourage玩忽职守 to n eglect o ne’s d uty逃避后果 to e scape t he c onsequences挡路 to b lock o ne’s w ay毁掉名誉 to r uin o ne’s r eputation年久失修的防御工事 neglected f ortificationsa s quatter’s h ut擅自占用土地的人搭建的临时简陋房子容易变质的东西 perishable g oods社会习俗 conventions o f s ociety摇摇晃晃、头重脚轻的酒鬼 tottering d runks当前的风云人物 the m an o f t he h our英雄人物 heroic f igures一种带有使命感的神态 an a ir o f d estiny看人时如火一般的眼光 a w ar s care雨点般的石头 a s hower o f s tones一小撮捣乱分子 a h andful o f t rouble-­‐makersPart V塑造年轻人的心灵 to m old y oungsters’ t hinking涂上黄油 to s pread b utter污染环境 to c ontaminate t he e nvironment缓和口气 to m odify t he t one造成未曾料到的伤害 to w ork u nknown h arm创造奇迹 to w ork m iracles获得权力 to a cquire p ower抛弃朋友 to d esert o ne’s f riends放弃这一城市 to d esert t he c ity解决这一争端 to s ettle t he d ispute解决这一问题＊ to s ettle t he m atter赏心悦目 to d elight t he e ye侵入那个国家 to i nvade t hat c ountry侵犯某人隐私 to i nvade o ne’s p rivacy挖一口井 to s ink a w ell严酷的现实 harsh r eality空气污染 air c ontamination致命武器 lethal w eapons人工合成材料 synthetic m aterials事先的调查 advance i nvestigation生死攸关的斗争 a l ife-­‐and-­‐death s truggle外来物种 introduced s pecies自然保护区 natural r eserves农业的精耕细作 intensification o f a gricultureParagraphsPart IADuring t his t ime, s tudents a re g oing t hrough a n i dentity c risis a nd a re e ndeavoring t o find o ut w ho t hey a re a nd w hat t heir s trengths a nd w eaknesses a re. T hey h ave, o f course, p lenty o f b oth. I t i s i mportant t o k now h ow p eople p erceive t hemselves a s well a s h ow o thers p erceive t hem. A ccording t o p iers a nd l andau, i n a n a rticle discussing t he t heories o f E rik H. E rickson i n i nternational e ncyclopedia o f s ocial sciences (1979), i dentity i s d etermined b y g enetic e ndowment (what i s i nherited from p arents), s haped b y e nvironment, a nd i nfluenced b y c hance e vents. P eople a re influenced b y t heir e nvironment a nd, i n t urn, i nfluence t heir e nvironment. H ow people s ee t hemselves i n b oth r oles i s u nquestionably a p art o f t heir i dentity.BProbably o ne o f t he m ost s tressful m atters f or y oung c ollege s tudents i s e stablishing their f uture s exual i dentity, w hich i ncludes r elating t o t he o pposite s ex a nd projecting t heir f uture r oles a s m en o r w omen. E ach m ust d efine h er o f h is s exual identity i n a f eminine o r m asculine r ole. T hese a re e xciting t imes y e f rustrating t imes. Probably n othing c an m ake s tudents f eel l ower o r h igher e motionally t han t he w ay they a re r elating t o w homever t hey a re h aving a r omantic r elation w ith. F or e xample, when I w as w orking w ith a y oung c ollege s tudent, h e b ounced i nto m y o ffice o nce with a s mile o n h is f ace a nd e xcitement i n h is v oice. T he y oung m an d eclared, “I’ve just h ad t he b est d ay o f m y l ife!” h e w ent o n t o e xplain h ow h e h ad m et a n extraordinary y oung w oman a nd h ow t his r elationship w as a ll h e h ad d reamed a romantic r elationship s hould b e. T hat s ame y oung m an c ame i nto m y o ffice l ess t han a w eek l ater, d ragging h is f eet w ith a d ismayed, d ejected l ook o n h is f ace. H e s at down i n t he s ame c hair, s ighed d eeply, a nd d eclared,” I’ve j ust h ad t he w orst d ay o f my l ife!” h e a nd t he y oung w oman h ad j ust h ad a n a rgument, a nd t heir r elationship was n o l onger g oing w ell. T hus, t he w ay s tudents a re r elating t o t hose o f t he opposite s ex h as a d efinite i nfluence o n t heir e motions.Part I IADell k new t hat I BM r equired i ts d ealers t o t ake a m onthly q uota o f P Cs, i n m ost c ases more t han t hey c ould s ell. H e a lso k new t hat h olding e xcess i nventory w as c ostly. S o he b ought d ealers' s urplus s tock a t c ost. B ack i n h is d orm r oom, h e a dded f eaturesto i mprove p erformance. T he s ouped-­‐up m odels f ound e ager b uyers. S eeing t he hungry m arket, D ell p laced l ocal a dvertisements o ffering h is c ustomized c omputers at 15 p ercent o ff r etail p rice. S oon h e w as s elling t o b usinesses, d octors' o ffices a nd law f irms. T he t runk o f h is c ar w as h is s tore; h is r oom t ook o n t he a ppearance o f a small f actory.BThe q uarters h e s hared w ith t wo r oommates l ooked l ike a c ombat z one-­‐ b oxes p iledhigh, c omputer b oards a nd t ools s cattered a round. O ne d ay h is r oommates h eaped all h is e quipment i nto a p ile, p reventing D ell f rom e ntering h is r oom. I t w as t ime t o come t o g rips w ith t he m agnitude o f w hat h e h ad c reated. T he b usiness w as n ow grossing m ore t han $ 50 000 a m onth.Part I IIAMr. C rowther, f or h is p art, h ad a lso s uffered s ome d istraction. T hought h e w as pretending t o r ead, h e w as a ctually u nable t o d o s o. F or a ll h is a ppearance o f indifference, t he s ight o f a w ell-­‐to-­‐do g entleman p itching a s uitcase f rom t he window o f a m oving t rain h ad s urprised h im v ery m uch. B ut h e h ad n ot b etrayed h is surprise. T he f ellow w as o bviously c ounting o n h im f or a v iolent r eaction, a nd s o M r. Crowther m ade a p oint o f n ot r eacting. W hether t he t hing w as a p ractical j oke o r n ot, Mr. C rowther c onsidered i t a n a nnoying i nfringement o f h is p rivacy. I t w as a s i f t he fellow h ad b urst a p aper b ag i n t he h ope o f m aking h im j ump. W ell, h e w asn't g oing to j ump, h e w asn't g oing t o g ive t hat f ellow t he s atisfaction. I f t he f ellow i magined that t o t hrow a s uitcase o ut o f t he w indow g ave h im s ome s ort o f i mportance, w ell, he w as m istaken.BMr. H arraby-­‐Ribston t ook t he d isclosure r emarkably w ell. H e d id, i t's t rue, f linch a nd turn a l ittle p ale, b ut i n a f ew m oments h e h ad r ecovered h imself." T hank y ou, s ir," he s aid; a nd l et m e s ay h ow m uch I a ppreciate y our o penness. I n f act, y ou t empt m e to b e e qually f rank w ith y ou. L et m e c onfess, t hen, t hat a s a m atter o f f act I h aven't left m y w ife, f or t he s imple r eason t hat I'm a b achelor. I g row v egetables o n r ather a large s cale a nd o nce a w eek b usiness t akes m e t o L ondon. A s f or t he m atter o f t he suitcase , I h ave s ome f riends w hose h ouse w e p assed a f ew m iles b ack a nd e very week I f ill a s uitcase w ith v egetables, b ring i t w ith m e, a nd t hrow i t o ut o f t he carriage-­‐window a s t he t rain p asses t heir h ouse. I t r olls d own t he e mbankment a nd lands u p a gainst t heir r ailings. I t's a p rimitive m ethod, I k now, b ut i t s aves p ostage and y ou c an h ave n o i dea h ow m uch e ntertaining c onversation i t p rovokes w ith m y fellow-­‐passengers. Y ou, i f I m ay s ay s o, a re n o e xception."Part I VAOnly t wenty, A lexander w as f ar o lder a nd w iser t han h is y ears. L ike a ll M acedonians he l oved d rinking, b ut h e c ould u sually h andle i t; a nd t oward w omen h e w as n obly restrained a nd c hivalrous. L ike a ll M acedonians h e l oved f ighting; h e w as a magnificent c ommander, b ut h e w as n ot m erely a m ilitary a utomaton. H e c ould think. A t t hirteen h e h ad b ecome a p upil o f t he g reatest m ind i n G reece, A ristotle who g ave h im t he b est o f G reek c ulture. H e t aught A lexander p oetry: t he y oung prince s lept w ith t he I liad u nder h is p illow a nd l onged t o e mulate A chilles, w ho brought t he m ighty p ower o f A sia t o r uin. H e t aught h im p hilosophy, i n p articular t he shapes a nd u ses o f p olitical p ower a nd h e t aught h im t he p rinciples o f s cientific research: d uring h is i nvasion o f t he P ersian d omains A lexander t ook w ith h im a l argecorps o f s cientists, a nd s hipped h undreds o f z oological s pecimens b ack t o G reece f or study. I ndeed, i t w as f rom A ristotle t hat A lexander l earned t o s eek o ut e verything strange w hich m ight b e i nstructive.BNow, A lexander w as i n C orinth t o t ake c ommand o f t he L eague o f G reek S tates, which, h is f ather P hilip h ad c reated a s a d isguise f or t he N ew M acedonian O rder. H e was w elcomed a nd h onored a nd f lattered. H e w as t he m an o f t he h our, o f t he century: h e w as u nanimously a ppointed c ommander-­‐in-­‐chief o f a n ew e xpedition against o ld, r ich, c orrupt A sia. N early e veryone c rowded t o C orinth i n o rder t o congratulate h im, t o s eek e mployment w ith h im, e ven s imply t o s ee h im. O nly Diogenes, a lthough h e l ived i n C orinth, d id n ot v isit t he n ew m onarch. W ith t hat generosity w hich A ristotle h ad t aught h im , A lexander d etermined t o c all u pon Diogenes.Part VAAnother f actor i n t he m odern i nsect p roblem i s t he s preading o f t housands o f different k inds o f o rganisms f rom t heir n ative h omes. S ome h undred m illion y ears ago, f looding s eas c ut m any l and b ridges b etween c ontinents a nd l iving t hings f ound themselves c onfined i n w hat a n e cologist c alls “colossal s eparate n ature r eserves”. There, i solated f rom o thers o f t heir k ind, t hey d eveloped m any n ew s pecies. W hen some o f t he l and m asses w ere j oined a gain, a bout 15 m illion y ears a go, t hese species b egan t o m ove o ut i nto n ew t erritories-­‐-­‐-­‐a m ovement t hat i s n ot o nly s till i n progress b ut i s n ow r eceiving c onsiderable a ssistance f rom m an.BIt i s n ot m y c ontention t hat c hemical i nsecticides m ust n ever b e u sed. I d o c ontend that w e h ave p ut p oisonous a nd b iologically p otent c hemicals i ndiscriminately i nto the h ands o f p ersons l argely o r w holly i gnorant o f t heir p otentials f or h arm. W e h ave subjected e normous n umbers o f p eople t o c ontact w ith t hese p oisons, w ithout t heir consent a nd o ften w ithout t heir k nowledge. I c ontend, f urthermore, t hat w e h ave allowed t hese c hemicals t o b e u sed w ith l ittle o r n o a dvance i nvestigation o f t heir effect o n s oil, w ater, w ildlife, a nd m an h imself. F uture g enerations a re u nlikely t o forgive o ur l ack o f c oncern f or t he i ntegrity o f t he n atural w orld t hat s upports a ll l ife.TranslatePart I1) 她打算申请那个学术工作。

Unit 1TextA young man finds that strolling along the streets without an obvious purpose can lead to trouble with the law. One misunderstanding leads to another until eventually he must appear in court for trial……A Brush with the LawI have only once been in trouble with the law. The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now. What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.In happened in February about twelve years ago. I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due to go to university until the following October. I was still living at home at the time.One morning I was in Richmond, a suburb of London near where I lived. I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go travelling. As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.It was about half past eleven when it happened. I was just walking out of the local library, having unsuccessfully sought employment there, when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me. I thought he was going to ask me the time. Instead, he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me. At first I thought it was some kind of joke. But then another policeman appeared, this time in uniform, and I was left in no doubt.'But what for?' I asked."Wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence,' he said.'What offence?' I asked.'Theft,' he said.'Theft of what?' I asked.'Milk bottles,' he said, and with a perfectly straight face too!'Oh,' I said.It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area, particularly that of stealing milk bottles from doorsteps.Then I made my big mistake. At the time I was nineteen, had long untidy hair, and regarded myself as part of the sixties' 'youth countercultrue. As a result, I want to appear cool and unconcerned with the incident, so I said, 'How long have you been following me?' in the most casual and conversation tone I could manage. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.A few minutes later a police car arrived.'Get in the back," they said. 'Put your hands on the back of the front seat and don't moveThey got in on either side of me. I wasn't funny any more.At the police station they questioned me for several hours. I continued to try to look worldly and au fait with the situation. When they asked me what I had been doing, I told them I'd been looking for a job. 'Aha,' I could see them thinking, 'unemployed'.Eventually, I was officially charged and told to report to Richmond Magistrates' Court the following Monday. Then they let me go.I wanted to conduct my own defence in court, but as soon as my father found out what had happened, he hired a very good solicitor. We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses, including my English teacher from school as a character witness. But he was never called on to give evidence. My 'trial' didn't get that far. The magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes. I was free. The poor police had never stood a chance. The solicitor even succeeded in getting costs awarded against the police.And so I do not have a criminal record. But what was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on. I had the 'right' accent, respectable middle-class parents in court, reliable witnesses, and I could obviously afford a very good solicitor. Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. While asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitor's case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a 'brilliant academic record'.Meanwhile, just outside the courtroom, one of the policemen who had arrested me was gloomily complaining to my mother that another youngster had been turned against the police. 'You could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested you,' he said to me reproachfully.What did the mean? Presumably that I should have looked outraged and said something like, 'Look here, do you know who you're talking to? I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record. How dare you arrest me!' Then they, presumably, would have apologized, perhaps even taken off their caps, and let me on my way.NEW WORDSbrushn. brief fight or encounter 小冲突；小接触processn. course; method, esp. one used in manufacture 过程；制作法arbitrarya. based on one's own opinion only, not on reason 任意的；武断的circumstancen. (usu. pl.) conditions, facts, etc. connected with an event or person 情况，环境subsequenta. following, later 随后的，接下去的n. what will happen or happened to sb. or sth. 命运duea. expected; supposed (to) 预期的；约定的；到期的temporarya. lasting only for a limited time 暂时的strolla. walk at leisure 散步，闲逛obviousa. easily seen or understood; clear 明显的，显而易见的downfalln. ruin 垮台；衰落employmentn. one's regular work or occupation; job 职业；工作wandervi. move about without a purpose 闲逛；漫游commitvt. do (sth. wrong, bad, or unlawful)干（坏事），犯（错误、罪）arrestablea. deserving to be arrestedoffence (AmE offense)n. crime; the hurting of feelings; something unpleasant 罪行；冒犯；不愉快的事straight facea face or expression that shows no emotion, humor, or thought 板着的脸pettya. small; unimportant 小的；不足道的doorstepn. a step in front of a doorregardvt. consider in the stated way 把……看作；把认为(as)counterculturen. a culture, esp. of the young who oppose the traditional standards and customs of their society 反主流文化unconcerneda. not worried; untroubled; indifferent 无忧虑的；淡漠的casuala. careless; informal 漫不经心的，随便的conversationala. of or commonly used in talking 会话（用）的confirmvt. make certain; support 证实，肯定；确定beliefn. something believed; trust 相信；信念；信仰thoroughlyad. completely; in every way 完全地，彻底地thorough a.disreputablea. having or showing a bad character; having a bad name 声名狼籍的worldlya. experienced in the ways of society 老于世故的au faita. (F) familiar 熟悉的；精通的ahaint. a cry of surprise, satisfaction, etc. 啊哈！magistraten. civil officer acting as a judge in the lowest courts 地方法官conductvt. direct the course of; manage 处理；主持；引导；指挥defence (AmE defense)n. the act of defending in court the person who has been charged 辨护solicitorn. (esp. in Britain) lawyer who advises clients on legal matters and speaks on their behalf in lower courts （初级）律师witnessn. a person who gives evidence in a court of law; sth. serving as evidence or proof 证人；证据trialn. the act or fact of examining and deciding a civil or criminal case by a law court 审判dismissvt. (of a judge) stop (a court case) 驳回，对……不予受理costn. (pl.) the cost of having a matter settled in a law court. esp. that paid to the winning party by the losing party 诉讼费awardvt. give by a decision in court of law; give or grant by an official decision 判给；授予accentn. way of speaking typical of the natives or residents of a region, or of any other group 口音；腔调respectablea. deserving respect 值得尊敬的reliablea. that may be relied or depended upon 可靠的，可信赖的givenprep. taking into account; if allowed or provided with 考虑到；假定obscurea. not clearly seen or understood 模糊的；晦涩的guiltya. having broken a law; showing or feeling that one has done wrong 有罪的；内疚的revolvev. (cause to) go round in a circle （使）旋转brillianta. causing great admiration or satisfaction; splendid 辉煌的；卓越的courtroomn. a room where a law court is held 审判室meanwhilead. during the same period of time 同时gloomilyad. depressedly, dejectedly 忧郁地；沮丧地complainvi. speak in an unhappy, annoyed, dissatisfied way 抱怨complaint n.reproachfullyad. 责备地presumablyad. probablyoutragevt. arouse anger or resentment by injury or insult 引起……的气愤successfula. having done what one has tried to do; having gained a high position in life, one's job. etc. 成功的；有成就的apologizevi. say one is sorry 道歉，谢罪apology n.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONStake sb. to courtstart an action in law against sb. 对某人提出诉讼a couple of(informal) a small number of, a few, usually two 少数，几（个）；一对save upkeep for future use; put money away in the form of savings 储蓄take one's timedo sth. in a leisurely manner; not hurry 慢慢来，不着急at firstat the beginning 起先turn outprove to be 结果；证明是call onask (sb.) to do sth. esp. formally 要求stand a chancehave an opportunity; be likely to do or get sth. 有机会，有希望revolve aroundhave as a center or main subjectturn against(cause to) oppose, be hostile toPROPER NAMESRichmond里士满（英国地名）Richmond Magistrates' Court里士满地方法院Unit 2TextAunt Bettie is faced with a difficult decision. A wounded Union soldier is found hiding in a farmhouse near her home. She has to decide whether to help him or let him be captured. What will she choose to do?The Woman Who Would Not TellJanice Keyser Lester"I never di d hate the Yankees. All that hated was the war.……"That's how my great-aunt Bettie began her story. I heard it many times as a child, whenever my family visited Aunt Bettie in the old house in Berryville, Virginia. Aunt Bettie was almost 80 years old then. But I could picture her as she was in the story she told me —— barely 20, pretty, with bright blue eyes.Bettie Van Metre had good reason to hate the Civil War. One of her brother was killed at Gettysburg, another taken prisoner. Then her young husband, James, a Confederate officer, wascaptured and sent to an unknown prison camp somewhere.One hot day in late September Dick Runner, a former slave, came to Bettie with a strange report. He had been checking a farmhouse half a mile away from the Van Metre home, a farmhouse he thought was empty. But inside, he heard low groans. Following them to the attic, he found a wounded Union soldier, with a rifle at his side.When Aunt Bettie told me about her first sight of the bearded man in the stained blue uniform, she always used the same words. "It was like walking into a nightmare: those awful bandages, that dreadful smell. That's what war is really like, child: no bugles and banners. Just pain and filth, futility and death."To Bettie Van Metre this man was not an enemy but rather a suffering human being. She gave him water and tried to clean his terrible wounds. Then she went out into the cool air and leaned against the house, trying not to be sick as she thought of what she had seen ——that smashed right hand, that missing left leg.The man's papers Bettie found in the attic established his identity: Lt. Henry Bedell, Company D, 11th Vermont V olunteers, 30 year old. She knew that she should report the presence of this Union officer to the Confederate army. But she also knew that she would not do it. This is how she explained it to me: "I kept wondering if he had a wife somewhere, waiting, and hoping, and not knowing —— just as I was. It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her."Slowly, patiently, skillfully, James Van Metre's wife fanned the spark of life that flickered in Henry Bedell. Of drugs or medicines she had almost none. And she was not willing to take any from the few supplies at the Confederate hospital. But she did the best she could with what she had.As his strength returned, Bedell told Bettie about his wife and children in Westfield, Vermont. And BedelL listened as she told him about her brothers and about James. "I knew his wife must be praying for him," Aunt Bettie would say to me, "just as I was praying for James. It was strange how close I felt to her."The October nights in the valley grew cold. The infection in Bedell's wounds flared up. With Dick and his wife, Jennie, helping, she moved the Union officer at night, to a bed in a hidden loft above the warm kitchen of her own home.But the next day, Bedell had a high fever. Knowing that she must get help or he would die, she went to her long-time friend and family doctor. Graham Osborne.Dr. Osborne examined Bedell, then shook his head. There was little hope, he said, unless proper medicine could be found."All right, then," Bettie said. "I'll get it from the Yankees at Harpers Ferry."The doctor told her she was mad. The Union headquarters were almost 20 miles away. Even if she reached them, the Yankees would never believe her story."I'll take proof," Bettie said. She went to the loft and came back with a blood-stained paper bearing the official War Department seal. "This is a record of his last promotion," she said. "When I show it, they'll have to believe me."She made the doctor writer out list of the medical items he needed. Early the next morning she set off.For five hours she drove, stopping only to rest her horse. The sun was almost down when she finally stood before the commanding officer at Harpers Ferry.Gen. John D. Stevenson listened, but did not believe her. "Madam," he said, "Bedell's death was reported to us.""He's alive," Bettie insisted. "But he won't be much longer unless he has the medicines on that list.""Well," the general said finally, "I'm not going to risk the lives of a patrol just to find out." He turned to a junior officer. "See that Mrs. Van Metre gets the supplies." He brushed aside Bettie's thanks. "You're a brave woman," he said, "whether you're telling the truth or not."With the medicines that Bettie carried to Berryville, Dr. Osborne brought Bedell through the crisis. Ten days later Bedell was hobbling on a pair of crutches that Dick had made for him. "I can't go on putting you in danger," Bedell told Bettie. "I'm strong enough to travel now. I'd lie to go back as soon as possible."So it was arranged that Mr. Sam, one of Bettie's neighbors and friends, should go and help Bettie deliver Bedeel to Union headquarters at Harpers Ferry in his wagon.They hitched Bettie's mare alongside Mr. Sam's mule. Bedell lay down in an old box filled with hay, his rifle and crutches beside him.It was a long, slow journey that almost ended in disaster. Only an hour from the Union lines, two horsemen suddenly appeared. One pointed a pistol, demanding money while the other pulled Mr. Sam from the wagon. Shocked, Bettie sat still. Then a rifle shot cracked out, and the man with the pistol fell to the ground dead. A second shot, and the man went sprawling. It was Bedell shooting! Bettie watched him lower the rifle and brush the hay out of his hair. "Come on, Mr. Sam," he said. "Let's keep moving."At Harpers Ferry, the soldiers stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. They were even more amazed when the Union officer with the missing leg rose from his hay-filled box.Bedell was sent to Washington. There he told his story to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. Stanton wrote a letter of thanks to Bettie and-signed an order to free James Van Metre from prison. But first James had to be found. It was arranged for Bedell to go with Bettie as she searched for her husband.Records showed that a James Van Metre had been sent to a prison camp in Ohio. But when the ragged prisoners were paraded before Bettie, James was not there. A second prison was checked, with the same result. Bettie Van Metre fought back a chilling fear that her husband was dead.Then at Fort Delaware, near the end of the line of prisoners a tall man stepped out and stumbled into Bettie's arms. Bettie held him, tears streaming down her face. And Henry Bedell, standing by on his crutches, wept, too.NEW WORDStellv. act as an informer 告发Yankeen. (in the Civil War) a native of any of the northern states; a citizen of the U.S. 北方佬；美国佬great-auntn. an aunt of one's father or mother; sister of one's grandfather or grandmothercivila. 国内的；民间的Confederatea. of or belonging to the Confederacy 南部邦联的capturevt. make a prisoner of; seize 俘虏；夺得unknowna. whose name, nature, or origin is not knownformera. of an earlier period 以前的farmhousen. the main house on a farm, where a farmer livesgroann. a sound made in a deep voice that expresses suffering, grief or disapproval 呻吟（声）atticn. the space just under the roof of a house, esp. that made into a low small room 阁楼Union, then. those states that supported the Federal government of the U.S. during the Civil War; the U.S.A. （美国南北战争期间的）联邦政府；美国a. of or having to do with the Unionriflen. 步枪awfula. terrible; very badbandagen. a narrow long piece of material, esp. cloth, for binding a wound or injury 绷带dreadfula. very unpleasant or shocking; terriblebuglen. a musical wind instrument usually made of brass, used chiefly for military signals 军号，喇叭filthn. disgusting dirt 污秽futilityn. uselessnessfutile a.leanvi. support or rest oneself in a bent position 靠，倚establishvt. find out or make certain of (a fact, answer, etc.), prove 确立，证实identityn. who or what a particular person or thing is 身份identicala. 同一的；完全相同的确良Lt.abbr. lieutenant 陆军中尉companyn. 连volunteern. person who joins the army, navy, or air force of his own free will 志愿兵presencen. being present in a placeskillfullyad. in a skillful manner 灵巧地，娴熟地skillfula. having or showing skillfanvt. 扇，扇动；激起sparkn. 火花flickervi. burn unsteadily; shine with an unsteady lightdrugn. a medicine or substance used for medical purposessupplyn. (pl.) the food, equipment, etc. necessary for an army, expedition or the like 补给品prayvi. 祈祷valleyn. a stretch of land between hills or mountains; the land through which a stated river or great river system flows 山谷；流域infectionn. 感染；传染infect vt.flarevi. burn with a bright, unsteady flame （火焰）闪耀loftn. a room under the roof of a building, attic 阁楼ferryn. 渡口；渡船headquartersn. (used with a sing. or pl. v. ) the place from which the chief of a police force or the commanding officer of an army sends out orders 司令部proofn. evidence showing that sth. is true 证据bearvt. show; havesealn. 印，图章itemn. a single thing among a set, esp. included in a list 条；项commandinga. having command; in chargecommanding officer指挥官commandvt. 指挥Gen.abbr. general 将军madamn. respectful form of address to a woman (whether married or unmarried)夫人，太太，女士，小姐riskvt. endanger; take the chance ofpatroln. a small group of soldiers, vehicles, etc. sent out to search for the enemy, or to protect a place from the enemy 巡逻队juniora. younger or lower in rank than anotherhobblevi. walk awkwardly; limp 跛行；蹒跚crutchn. support used under the arm to help a lame person to walk 拐杖wagonn. four-wheeled vehicle for carrying goods, pulled by horses or oxen 四轮运货马（牛）车hitchvt. fasten with a hook, ring, rope, etc. 钩住，拴住，套住maren. female horse or donkeyalongsideprep. close to; along the side ofmulen. an animal that has a donkey and a horse as parents 骡disastern. a great or sudden misfortune; terrible accidentlinen. a row of defence works, esp. that nearest the enemy 战线，防线horsemann. a person who rides a horse, esp. one who is skilledpistoln. handgun 手枪crackv. (cause to) make a sudden explosive sound （使）发出爆裂声sprawlvi. lie or sit with hands and feet spread out, esp. ungracefullylowervt. move or let down in height 放下；放低secretaryvt. an official who takes charge of a governmental department; an employee in an office, who is in charge of correspondence, records, making appointments, etc. 部长，大臣；秘书raggeda. (of a person ) dressed in old torn clothes; (of clothes) old an torn 衣衫褴褛的；破旧的paradevt. cause to walk in an informal procession for the purpose of being looked at; cause to march in procession 使列队行进n. 游行；检阅chillv. (cause to) have a feeling of cold as from fear; (cause to ) become cold, esp. without freezing （使）感到冷；（使）冷fortn. 要塞，堡垒vi. walk or move in an unsteady way; strike the foot against sth. and almost fall streamvi. flow fast and strongly; pour outPHRASES & EXPRESSIONStake prisonercapture and hold as a prisoner, esp. as a prisoner of war 俘虏flare upbreak out or intensify suddenly or violently; burst into bright flame or rage 突发；加剧；突然发光；突然发怒write outwrite in full, write (sth. formal)brush asidedisregard, ignore 不理；漠视bring throughsave (sb.) from (an illness, etc.)PROPER NAMESBerryville贝里维尔（美国地名）Virginia弗吉尼亚（美国州名）Bettie Van Metre贝蒂.范.米特the Civil War（美国）南北战争Gettysburg葛底斯堡（美国城市）Dick Runner迪克.朗纳Henry Bedell亨利.贝德尔佛蒙特（美国州名）Westfield韦斯菲尔德（美国地名）Jennie詹妮（女子名）Graham Osborne 格雷厄姆.奥斯本Harpers Ferry哈珀斯渡口（美国地名）Stevenson史蒂文森（姓氏）Secretary of War(old use)（美国）陆军部长Edwin M. Stanton埃德温.M.斯坦顿Ohio俄亥俄（美国州名）Fort Delaware特拉华堡（美国地名）Unit 3TextEvery teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are the reasons for choosing teaching as a career? Do the rewards teaching outweigh the trying comments? Answering these questions is not a simple task. Let's see what the author says.Why I TeachPeter G. BeidlerWhy do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn't want to be considered for an administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "step up" toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter theclassroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in class!Why, then, do I teach?I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and August offer an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material is the same, I change —— and, more important, my students change.I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students. As a teacher, I'm my own boss. If I want my freshmen to learn to write by creating their own textbook, who is to say I can't? Such courses may be huge failures, but we can all learn from failures.I teach because I like to ask questions that students must struggle to answer. The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I sometimes find good questions.I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world. I once taught a course called "Self-Reliance in a Technological Society." My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley. They kept diaries. They wrote term papers.But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a run-down house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it. At the end of the semester, we would the house, repaid our loan, paid or taxes, and distributed the profits among the group.So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.I have left out, however, the most important reasons why I teach.One is Vicky. My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. She wrote articles and sent them off to learned journals. She did it all herself, with an occasional nudge from me. But I was there when she finished her dissertation, learned that her articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a book developing ideas she'd first had as my student.Another reason is George, who started as an engineering student, then switched to English because he decided he liked people better than things.There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her classmates because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project. I was here when she came back. I was there when she told me that she later became interested in the urban poor and went on to become a civil rights lawyer.There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of us learn by analysis. Jacqui has decided to finish high school and go to college.These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in front of me. Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. But I have money. I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading, talking with people, and asking question like, "What is the point of being rich?"And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love. Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and begins to breathe. Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better.I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.NEW WORDSadministrativea. of the management of affairs 行政的，管理的administrationn. 管理（部门），行政（机关）puzzlevt. fill with doubt and confusion 使迷惑step (-) upn. promotion; increase in size, speed, etc.mechanicn. skilled workman, esp. one who uses or repairs machines and tools 机械工；机修工sweatya. covered with sweat, sweatingpalma. 手掌professionn. occupation, esp. one requiring special training, such as law, medicine, or teachingconvincevt. make (sb.) feel certain; cause (sb.) to realizecompelvt. force (sb. or sth. to do sth.)pacen. rate or speed of development, or in walking, etc. 速度；步速calendarn. 日程表，日历opportunity。

3. 运用不同的词性1）evidence(明显，n.), evident(明显的，adj.), evidently(明显地，adv.)a. Do you have any evidence that Charles stole the jewels (宝石) ？b. Evidently, there is no one at home. The lights are out.c. It is evident that the elderly gentleman has been greatly hurt and will never come back to the store to samplepuddings any more.d. The old lady looked at her daughter with evident pride.2）kindness(善良，n.), kind(善良的，adj.), kindly(善良地，adv.)a. It’s very kind of you to invite me to tea.b. Would you kindly turn down the radio?c.Kindness is one of the qualities we would look for in a friend.d. The policeman treated the lost child very kindly.3）eagerness(渴望，迫切，n.)，eager(渴望的，迫切的，adj.), eagerly(渴望地，迫切地，adv.)a. The old man began eagerly to sample one after another of the puddings as soon as he accepted the spoon.b. He is always eager to see new places and keen (渴望的) to meet new people.c. They looked forward to the occasion with great eagerness.d. All the children listened to the story with eager attention.4）sincerity(真挚，n.), sincere(真挚的，adj.), sincerely(真挚地，adv.)a. Was the narrator sincere in his offer to purchase a pudding for the old man?b. The narrator sincerely wished that he could take his tactless words.c. I may say in all sincerity that I did not mean to hurt you.d. Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.5）occasion(场合，n.), occasional(偶尔的，adj.), occasionally(偶尔地，adv.)a. We had fine weather all through July except for an occasional thunderstorm.b. Prof. Wilson’s daughter teaches at a high school in California, and she occasionally files to New York to see him.c. I can’t recall the occasion, but I did meet her before.d. In the past two years, Myra has come to see her mother only occasionally.6）surprise(使惊奇，v.), surprise(惊奇，n.), surprising(令人惊讶的,adj.), surprised(感到惊讶的，adv), surprisingly(令人惊讶地,adv.)a. I was surprised to hear that Tom had failed his exam.b. Aunt Sophia paid us a surprise visit last Sunday.c. Surprisingly our team lost for the first time in ten years.d. The news surprised all of us.e. It is not surprising that Jack got fired – he was always daydreaming at work.f. A look of surprise came into his eyes as he read the telegram (电报).7）please(使喜欢，v.), pleasure(愉快，n.), pleasant(令人愉快的，adj.), pleasing(令人高兴的，adj.), pleasantly(令人愉快地，adv.)a. I was pleasantly surprised to find it so easy to pick up new words while reading simplified novels.b. You’ll soon find it isn’t an easy job to try and please everybody in the office.c. It was particularly pleasing to be in this wild area, and to enjoy the unique feelings of peace that only mountainscan inspire.d. Dr. Wang takes great pleasure in helping children to learn painting.e. It was pleasant to sit down in the shade after standing for hours in the sun.8）admire(赞美，羡慕，v.), admiration(赞美，羡慕，n.), admirable(令人钦佩的，adj.), admiring(赞赏的，钦佩的，adj.), admired(赞美的，钦佩的，adj.), admiringly(钦佩地，羡慕地，adv.)a. All those who know him admire him for his frankness (坦白，率直).b. If our admiration is true, genuine, and progressive we will in the end come to admire the good and cease to admire the bad.c. There is nothing so admirable as a man who sacrifices his life and happiness for others.d. He never wrote entirely admiring reviews: “It’s the essence (本质) of a book never to be pe rfect,” he said, “so its writer must expect to come in for a little criticism.”e. He came into the sitting-room, where he looked round admiringly at my furniture and books.f. For twenty years, in fact, he was the most active and admired humanist(人文学者) in the world.9）astonish(使惊讶，v.), astonishment(惊讶，n.), astonishing(可惊讶的，adj.),astonished(惊讶的，adj.), astonishingly(可惊讶地，adv.)a. Lawson, while neither tactful (机敏的) nor popular, was astonishingly successful for a long period.b. She coped with the press with astonishing skill for someone who was just nineteen years old.c. To his astonishment, Judy threw her arms about him and hugged and kissed him.d. Why, Mamma, I could astonish you with a great many words you never heard in your life.e. “I work there,” he replied simply, and when he saw her astonished expression he set his glass down and began to explain.4. 中译英(translation)1. 据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。

大学英语教学年终工作总结报告6篇篇1一、引言随着时间的推移，一年的大学英语教学工作已经圆满结束。

在这一年里，我积极参与教学，努力提升自己的教学水平，同时也取得了一定的教学成果。

以下是我对这一年教学工作的总结和回顾。

二、教学任务与目标在今年的教学工作中，我主要承担了大学英语精读、泛读和听力等课程的教学任务。

我的教学目标是帮助学生掌握基本的英语语言知识和技能，提高他们的英语综合运用能力。

同时，我也注重培养学生的自主学习能力和跨文化交际能力。

三、教学方法与手段为了实现教学目标，我采用了多种教学方法和手段。

首先，我注重课堂互动，通过提问、讨论和小组合作等方式，激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性。

其次，我利用多媒体教学资源，如课件、视频和音频等，丰富教学内容和形式，提高学生的学习效果。

此外，我还引导学生进行自主学习，如阅读英文文章、做英语练习题等，以巩固所学知识并提高英语运用能力。

四、教学成果与评价经过一年的努力，我认为自己在英语教学方面取得了一定的成果。

首先，学生的英语成绩得到了显著提高，特别是在英语听说读写方面表现出色。

其次，学生的自主学习能力和跨文化交际能力也得到了提升。

在评价方面，我注重学生的反馈和意见，及时调整自己的教学方法和手段，以提高教学质量和效果。

同时，我也积极参与教学评估和反思，不断改进自己的教学方法和策略。

五、存在的问题与建议尽管在今年的英语教学中取得了一定的成果，但我也意识到自己存在一些问题需要改进。

首先，我认为自己在教学内容的深度和广度上还需进一步拓展，以满足不同学生的需求。

其次，我在课堂管理和学生互动方面还需加强，以提高学生的学习效率和积极性。

此外，我还建议学校能提供更多的教学资源和学习支持，以帮助学生更好地学习英语。

六、结论与展望总的来说，我认为今年的大学英语教学工作是成功的，但也存在一些不足和需要改进的地方。

在未来的教学中，我将继续努力提升自己的教学水平，不断探索和创新教学方法和手段，以提高学生的英语综合运用能力和自主学习能力。

现代大学英语精读3 期末考试课程复习要点总结College Years幻灯片2Lesson1 – Your College Years l Author Bob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of2000、 He has been working as a storyteller for children for more than a decade and is a part-time pastor、To be continued on the next page、幻灯片4Comprehension Questions l ﹡What does the author mean by developmental changes?l ﹡What determines identity according to Erik H、 Erickson?l ﹡In JefferyA、Hoffman’s opinion, what are the four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one’s parents?l ﹡What does the author mean by “internalizing”religious faith, values and morals?幻灯片5l Para、1l ﹡Where is the topic sentence of this paragraph?l ﹡Have you ever experienced any important changes since you moved from adolescence to adulthood? l ﹡How about the changes after you entered Nanjing Normal University?幻灯片6l personnel l →[plural] the people who work in acompany, organization, or military forcelmilitary/medical/technical etc personnel l seniormilitary personnell doctors and other medical personnell All personnel are to receive security badges、l→[uncountable] the department in a company that chooses people for jobs and deals with their complaints, problems etc synonym human resourcesl A copy should then be sent to Personnel for our files、幻灯片7l maturityl →at maturityl The tree will reach only5 feet at maturity、l → reach/come to/grow to maturity l These insects reach full maturity after a few weeks、l →sexual/emotional/physical maturity l He lacks the emotional maturity to appreciate poetry、l (mature, immaturity)幻灯片8l dawnl → if day or morning dawns, it beginsl The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm、l → if a period of time or situation dawns, it beginsl The age of Darwin had dawned、l → if a feeling or idea dawns, you have it for the first timel It began to dawn that something was wrong、l → dawn on somebody: if a fact dawns on you, you realize it for the firsttimel It dawned on me that Joanna had been right all along、幻灯片9l Para、2l ﹡Where is the topic sentence?l﹡Do you agree with the author that young adults like college students are bound to go through an identity crisis?l ﹡Have you had any identity crisis yourself or do you know anybody who has?幻灯片10Lesson1 – Your College Years l Text Analysis Question: How do college students go through an identity crisis at college? What factors may influence identity?Students endeavor to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are、 They want to know how other people perceive themselves as well、Identity may be influenced by genes, environment and opportunities、幻灯片13l go throughl →to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etcl When youre going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someonel →to experience a par ticular processl Candidates must go through a process of selection、l →to use up money or a supply of somethingl We went through five pints of milk last week、l →if a deal or agreement goes through, it is officially accepted and agreedl He accepted the offer and the deal went through、l →to search something in order to find something inparticularl Dave went through his pockets looking for the keys、l →to read or discuss something in order to makesure it is correctl Well go through the details later on、幻灯片14l endeavour l →(verb)to try very hardl endeavour to do somethingl We always endeavor to please our customers、l →(noun) an attempt to do something new or difficultlscientific/creative etc endeavour l an outstanding example of human endeavorl endeavour to do somethingl They made every endeavour to find the two boys、幻灯片15l perceivel →to understand or think of something or someone in a particular wayl perceive something/somebody as somethingl Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive、l perceive something/somebody to be somethingl Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to befailures、l →(formal)to notice, see, or recognize somethingl That morning, he perceived a change in Francas mood、 l Cats are not able to perceive colour、l perceive thatl He perceived that there was no other way out of the crisis、l (perception, perceptive)幻灯片16l …identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chanceevents、l Who we are is determined by three things: first, our genes, or what our parents have given us; second, environment; third, luck or opportunities、幻灯片17l Para、3l ﹡Where is the topic sentence?l ﹡How do you understand the first sentence?幻灯片18Lesson1 – Your College Years l Text Analysis In fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a collegeeducation、For Reference Question: What does “it” refer to here? 幻灯片19Lesson1 – Your College Years l Text Analysis For reference: “it” refers to the independence/dependence struggle、 Into the later adolescence stage, young adults tend to become less dependent on, even independent from their parents、 For those who choose to enter the work world, they may become financially independent from their parents, while for others entering into college, the struggle seems stronger for they still need their parents’ support, say for money、幻灯片20l independent dependentl →be independent of/froml By this age, the child becomes relatively independent of his motherl →be depend ent on/uponl Norways economy is heavily dependent on natural resources、l Jans mother was dependent on her forphysical care幻灯片21l It may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education、l If they choose to go to college to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to dependent on the financial support of their parents、幻灯片22l Para、4l ﹡Where is the topic sentence?l ﹡According to JefferyA、Hoffman’s observation, there a re four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one’s parents、What are they? How do you understand them?l1、Functional independence、l2、 Attitudinal independence、l3、 Emotional independence、l4、Freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father、”(Psychological independence)l ﹡How about your psychological separation from your parents?幻灯片23l handling finances: learning how to spend money wiselyl choosing their own wardrobes: choosing their own clothesl determining their daily agenda: determining what they are going to do every day幻灯片24l attitude l →attitude to/towardsl Petesattitude towards women really scares me、l→positive/negative attitude l people with a pos itive attitude to lifel (attitudinal)幻灯片25l excessive: much more than is reasonable or necessaryl his excessive drinking l $15 for two beers seems a little excessive、l (excessively)幻灯片26l …freedom from an excessive needfor approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and father、 l 幻灯片27l If somebody has an excessive need for approval, it means that he is too dependent on sb’s approval、Children need their parents to tell them what to do ornot to do、 They also need to be close to their parents and receive encouragement, love, and all kinds of emotional support to give them strength、 But when they grow up, they should change、 They should no longer have the same needs as babies、幻灯片28l Fourth is freedomfrom “excessive gui lt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father、”l 幻灯片29l Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they thinkthey have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are eager to please their parents; theysometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful、 Thesefeelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents、 When they grow up, they usually strive for freedom from this、幻灯片30Para、5Question: What may be one of the most stressful matters college students experience according to the author? How do you understand it?Establishing their sexual identity、 It includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women、幻灯片31l sexual harassment: sexual remarks, looks, or touching done to someone who does not want it, especially from someone they work withl sexual intercourse: the physical activity of two people having sex with each otherl sexual orientation: the fact that someone is heterosexual or homosexual (gay lesbian)l sexual transmitted disease: disease that one person passes to another through having sex, such as AIDS 幻灯片3220、 projectl v、 a、 to planl b、 to cause a shadow, an outline, etc、 on a l surface l c、 to present sb、/sth、/yourself to otherl people in a particular way, esp、 one that l gives a good impressionl project a dam/a new canall project a picture on a screenl project the future roles as men or women幻灯片33Lesson1 – Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with、 (5)Comparative degree is used to express superlative meaning、objective clause When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally、go to9幻灯片34Lesson1 – Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase1、I cannot agree with you more、2、 There is nothing cheaper、3、 No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment from the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister、幻灯片35l Para、6l ﹡Where is the topic sentence?l ﹡Have the way you relate to others change as you grow and reach young adulthood? How do you deal with it?幻灯片361、affectioncf: affectationn、矫饰l n、 a gentle feeling of love and caringl Examples:l Every motherhas/feels affection toward her l children、l He is held in great affection、l affectionate a、l He looks at her with affectionate looks、幻灯片376、 counsel v、 (fml、)to advise n、 advice; opinion; suggestionl Examples:l counsel care in the forthcoming negotiation l He counseled their giving up/to give upl the plan、counsellor n、 adviser; lawyer幻灯片3821、shrinkCf:contractl v、 a、 to make or become smaller, esp、 l through wetting l b、 to move back; show unwillingness to l do sth、l Examples:l Will this shirt shrink in the wash?l Car sales have been shrinking recently、l A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers、幻灯片39Lesson1 – Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase During the course I had come to realize that while my world was expanding and new options were opening for me, my father, who was in his sixties, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow、 (6)was beginning to realize that his world was getting smaller and his choices fewer幻灯片40Lesson1 – Your College Years I wasrelating to my father in a different way、In Para、6Question: What are the differences between the ways“I” related to “my” father in the past and at present? What type of change does the example reflect?In the past “I” was encouraged by “my” father; now “I” was encouraging him、The example reflects the change that college students are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world、幻灯片41l Para、7l ﹡Whereis the topic sentence?l ﹡Do you think you have in some way internalized values and beliefs?l ﹡What new insights have you gained in this respect since you came to the university?幻灯片42l internalize: if you internalize a particular belief, attitude, behaviour etc, it becomespart of your characterl (internalization)幻灯片43l rebel: to oppose or fight against someone in authority oragainst an idea or situation which you do not agree withl rebel againstl teenage boys rebelling against their parents幻灯片44l however, these matters are questioned and in some cases rebelled against、l However, peopleoften have doubts about these matters and sometimesoppose them、幻灯片45l ﹡prejudice: to influence someone so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion aboutsomeone or somethingl There was concern that reports inthe media would prejudice the jury、l prejudice somebody against somethingl My own schooldays prejudiced meagainst all formal education、幻灯片46Lesson1 – Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase In the late sixties, a young woman from a background that was extremelyprejudiced against people from other races came tocollege convinced that her race was superior、 (7)幻灯片47Lesson1 – Your College Years1、Trains in this country spend too much time stopped, waiting for other trains、2、 He went back to his home village frustrated、3、 Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city、幻灯片48l Word Study ethnic a、 a、 of race or the races of mankind b、(colloq、)of a particular cultural group l Examples:l ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurants幻灯片4910、 ethical Cf:ethnic a、 connected with principlesof what is right and what is wrongl Examples:l an ethical principlel an ethical basis for education幻灯片501、be equal tol v、 to be just as good as; have strength, courage,l ability etc、 for sth、l Examples:lMany of our products are equal to the best in the world、l It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color、l He is equal to doing this task、l 幻灯片51Lesson1 – Your College Years l Text Analysis These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime、In Para、7Question: What makes it possible for these values to last a lifetime?During college years, the young adults have the oppo。

单词UNIT11．brush n．小冲突；小接触2．court n．法院；法庭3．arbitrary a．任意的：武断的4．circumstance n．情况，环境5．subsequent a．随后的，接下去的6．fate n．命运7．temporary a．暂时的8．stroll vi．散步9．downfall n.垮台；衰落10．employment n．职业；工作11．wander vi．闲逛；漫游12．arrestable a．可逮捕的13．offence n．罪行；冒犯；不愉快的事14．straight face 板着的脸15．petty a．小的；不足道的16．doorstep n．门阶17．counterculture n．反主流文化18．unconcerned a．无忧虑的；淡漠的19．casual a．漫不经心的，随便的20．conversational a.会话（用）的21．confirm vt．证实，肯定；确定22．belief n．相信；信念；信仰23．thoroughly ad. 完全地，彻底地thorough a.24．disreputable a. 声名狼藉的25．worldly a. 老于世故的26．au fait a. 熟悉的；精通的27．unemployed a. 未被雇用的；失业的28．magistrate n．地方法官29．conduct vt．处理；主持；引导；指挥30．solicitor n．（初级）律师31．witness n．证人；证据32．trial n．审判33．dismiss vt．驳回，对．不予受理34．award vt．判给；授予35．accent n．口音；腔调36．respectable a．值得尊敬的37．given prep．考虑到；假定38．obscure a．模糊的；晦涩的39．guilty a．有罪的；内疚的40．revolve v．（使）旋转41．brilliant a．辉煌的；卓越的42．courtroom n．审判室43．gloomily ad．忧郁地；沮丧地gloomy a．44．reproachfully ad．责备地reproach vt．n．责备45．presumably ad．大概，推测起来46．outrage vt．引起…的气愤UNIT247．fruitful a．硕果累累的，多产的，有利的48．paradigm n．范例，样式49．limitation n．限制，限定50．refocus vt．使重新聚焦；使重新集中51．parameter n．因素，特性，界限52．version n．（某种）版本，形势；说法；译本53．sesame n．芝麻54．strawberry n．草莓55．despite prep．尽管，不管56．purist n．纯粹主义者；纯粹派艺术家57．salad n．色拉58．outdo vt．超过；胜过59．sibling n．兄弟姊妹60．vine n．葡萄藤61．definitely ad．清楚地，明确地definite a．62．messy a．凌乱的，脏的63．readjust vt．重新调节；重新调整64．rename vt．给……重新取名65．vaccination n．接种疫苗66．smallpox n．天花67．quest n．寻求，寻找，搜索，追求68．contract vt．感染（疾病）69．mild a．（疾病，惩罚等）不重的，轻微的70．pox n．痘，痘疮71．vaccinate vt．给（某人）接种疫苗72．redefine vt．重新解释73．reframe vt．重新拟定；重新表达74．workbook n．练习簿，作业本75．inventor n．发明者，发明家76．notable a．值得注意的，显著地77．potent a．有影响力的，强有力的78．shifter n．改变者79．critique n．评论；评论文章80．lord n．上帝81．reminder n．使人回想起某事82．evolution n．演变，进化，发展83．clamor vi．大声地要求或抗议84．access n．通路，入口，进入的机会85．ever-growing a．不断增长的86．online a．联机的，在线的87．digital a．数字的digitally ad．88．web n．网；网络89．download vt．下载90．data n．资料，数据91．instantaneous a．即时的，瞬间的instantaneously ad．91．super a．极好的，了不起的92．highway n．公路，交通要道93．nowhere ad．无处94．Earth-shattering a．惊天动地的95．shatter v．（使）粉碎96．pun n．双关（语）97．intend vt．打算，意欲98．view vt．察看，考虑，看待99．uncover vt．揭露，暴露，发现100．preventive a．预防的；防备的101．downshift v．调低速挡UNIT3102．administration n．管理（部门），行政（机关）administrative a．103．step（-）up n．提高，增加104．mechanic n．机械工，机修工105．sweaty a．出汗的106．palm n．手掌107．profession n．职业108．convince v．说服，使确信109．compel vt．强迫110．pace n．速度，步速111．calendar n．日历，日程表112．reflection n．深思，考虑reflect vi．113．stimulate vt．刺激，激励114．freshman n．新手，大一生115．ivory n．象牙ivory tower n．象牙塔116．reliance n．信赖，信心，依靠self-reliance n．依靠自己117．technological a．技术的118．corporation n．（有限公司）119．run-down a．破败的120．renovate vt．修复，修整121．repay vt．还（钱）122．1oan n．借出的东西，贷款123．distribute vt．分发，分送distribution n．124．doctoral a．博士的125．energetic a．精力充沛的126．dissertation n．（学位）论文127．learned a．博学的128．journal n．杂志，日报129．nudge n．启示130．fellowship n．研究院职位，研究员薪金131．switch vt．转换132．urban a．城市的133．civil a．公民的，国内的civil rights n．公民权134．intuition n．直觉135．analysis n．分析136．clay n．粘土137．spark n．火花138．magic n．魔力，魔术UNIT4139．crank n．怪人140．e-mail n．电子邮件141．nasty a．恶意的，令人不快的142．idiot n．白痴，笨蛋143．statistic n．数据144．relationship n．关系，联系145．run vt．经营，管理146．website n．网站147．baseball n．棒球148．editorialist n．社论撰写人149．misspelling n．拼写错误150．lousy a．蹩脚的；劣等的151．typist n．打字的人，打字员152．physical a．身体的，物质的153．handicap n．（身体或精神上的）缺陷handicapped a．残疾的154．associate n．大专文凭；合伙人，同事155．editorial n．社论156．click v．点击157．fancy a．花哨的，别致的，高档的158．cover vt．报道，采访159．guestbook n．来宾登记簿160．extensive a．广泛的，详细的，大量的extensively ad．161．readership n．读者总数162．maximum n．最大值，最大限度a．最大(限度)的163．per prep．每164．pointer n．指示棒，教鞭165．dedicate vt．献身，致力dedication n．奉献，献身精神166．filing n．文件167．Internet n．互联网168．disability n．残疾169．elaborate a．精心计划的，复杂的170．hoax n．骗局，诈骗171．male a．男性的172．plumber n．管子工173．cerebral a．大脑的174．palsy n．瘫痪cerebral palsy 大脑性麻痹175．affect vt．影响176．motor a．（肌肉）运动神经n．发动机;汽车177．sophomore n．二年级学生178．junior a．青少年的，级别较低的，资历较浅179．varsity n．校代表队180．coach n．教练181．statistician n．统计专家182．strain vt．尽力使用，扭伤183．supposed a．所谓的184．stark a．荒凉的,光秃的185．landscape n．风景，景色186．wind v．弯曲前进187．dirt n．泥土，脏的东西188．dot vt．将……散布于n．小点，斑点189．pothole n．坑洼190．spot vt．认出，发现191．shed n．小棚屋192．decay vi．腐烂，衰败193．shanty n．简陋小棚屋194．surround vt．包围195．junk n．废物196．grab v．撰取，抓取197．screen n．屏，幕198．curl v．使卷曲，拳曲199．wheelchair n．轮椅200．limb n．腿201．twist v．扭曲，搓202．gloom n．昏暗203．batter v．不断拍打，重击204．couch n．躺椅,长沙发205．cobwebbed a．有蜘蛛网的206．interpret v．解释;翻译207．cinder n．煤渣,煤灰cinder block 煤渣砖208．fasten vt．把…拴上209．temple n．太阳穴210．lean v．(使)倾斜211．peck v．啄212．giggle vi．咯咯笑213．cynicism n．怀疑，悲观214．cynical a．愤世嫉俗的215．athlete n．运动员UNIT5216．issue n．发行物217．tuck vt．塞进218．bound vi．跳跃219．flip v．掷，轻击220．stillness n．静止221．helpless a．无助的，无能的222．assume vt．假设，主观认为223．ranch n．大牧场，大农场224．nursery n．托儿所225．correspondence n．通信226．formal a．正式的formally ad．227．qualify v．使具有资格228．enrol(l) v．注册，登记enrol(l)ment n．229．ability n．能力230．motel n．汽车旅馆231．frantic a．狂乱的，疯狂的232．full-time a．专职的；全日制的233．skip v．跳过，略过234．keyboard n．键盘235．ecstatic a．欣喜若狂的236．drawn a．憔悴的；紧张的237．respond vi．回答238．evenly ad．均匀地；平等地even a．239．embarrassment n．尴尬240．index n．指数，指标241．tension n．紧张242．interrupt vt．打断，打扰243．sob vi．啜泣244．rack vt．使痛苦，折磨245．vulnerable a．易受伤的vulnerability n．易受伤性246．dry goods 织物类商品247．session n．会议，（一段活动时间248．journalist n．新闻工作者，记者249．memento n．纪念品250．recall v．回忆251．cranky a．不稳的；有毛病的UNIT6252．shiver vi．战栗，发抖253．miserable a．可怜的，悲修的254．capsule n．胶囊255．purgative n．泻药256．overcome vt．克服，战胜257．acid a．酸的，酸性物质过多的258．germ n．病菌，细菌259．influenza n．流行性感冒260．epidemic n．流行病261．flu n．流感262．pneumonia n．肺炎263．detach vt．分离，使超然detached a．超然的;冷漠的;分离的264．pirate n．海盗265．lightheaded a．神志不清的;眩晕的266．prescribe vt．开药267．sleet n．雨夹雪268．brush n．矮灌木丛;断落的树枝269．varnish vt．修饰270．Irish a．爱尔兰的271．setter n．赛特狗272．creek n．小溪273．glassy a．像玻璃的;呆滞的274．slip vi．滑倒，滑落275．slither vi．不稳地滑动276．slide v．（使）滑动277．flush v．（使）惊飞，（脸）发红278．covey n．一小群(鸟) 279．quail n．鹌鹑280．overhang v．悬于……之上281．light vi．停落282．scatter vi．散开283．mound n．土墩284．poise vt．使平衡285．unsteadily ad．不稳定的unsteady a．286．icy a．冰冷的287．springy a．有弹性的288．commence v．开始，着手289．thermometer n．温度计290．gaze vi．凝视291．slack a．松弛的，放松的UNIT7292．shelter n．掩蔽处v．给……提供庇护处293．synopsis n．提要，梗概294．celebration n．庆祝295．midst n．prep．中间296．missile n．导弹297．bomb n．炸弹298．abridge vt．缩略，删节299．portable a．手提式的300．carry vt．携带，运送301．employee n．雇员302．civil defense 民防303．post n．岗位304．basement n．地下室305．pool vt．把…集中在一起306．stuff n．材料，原料307．chorus n．齐声说的话；合唱308．assent n．同意309．overtake vt．赶上310．accommodate vt．容纳，向…提供住宿accommodation n．311．plead vi．恳求312．whirl vi．飞速移动，旋转313．infant n．婴儿314．deserve vt．值得315．illogical a．不合逻辑的；无缘由的316．foreigner n．外地人，外国人317．aggressive a．挑衅的，放肆的318．greedy a．贪婪的319．garbage n．垃圾，废料320．bet vt．确信；用……打赌321．fling v．（自己）猛扑，用力扔322．hand-to-hand a．逼近的，直接交手的323．breathless a．呼吸困难的；气喘吁吁地324．slaughter vt．屠杀325．siren n．警报326．searchlight n．探照灯327．aside ad．在一边328．pound v．猛击pounding n．329．reverberate vi．回响330．log n．原木331．avenue n．大街，林荫大道332．giant a．巨大的333．blast vi．发出刺耳的响声334．cellar n．地窖335．depart vi．离开，出发departure n．启程336．alongside prep．在…旁边337．barricade n．降碍，街垒338．generator n．发电机339．movable a．可移动的340．mob n．一伙人；一群暴徒341．intermittent a．断断续续的342．urgent a．紧急的，紧迫的343．vehicle n．车辆344．pierce v．刺穿piercing a．尖厉的；刺穿345．give vi．弯曲；塌下346．pitch n．声音的高低，调子347．tune vt．调整348．identify vt．认出，识别349．harm n．伤害harmless a．无法伤害的350．bruise vt．碰伤，使（皮肉）青肿351．clot vt．使凝块352．scare vt．惊吓353．confuse vt．使困惑confused a．糊涂的；迷乱的354．gesture n．姿势，手势355．murmur n．低语356．wreckage n．残骸357．collection n．募捐358．shaky a．摇晃的359．carry-over n．剩余物360．realization n．实现361．deaden v．使麻木；失去活力362．disquiet vt．使不安363．expressionless a．不流露的；没有表情的364．phon(e)y a．假的；欺骗的365．desperate a．绝望的，拼命的desperately ad．366．underneath prep．在…的下面367．naked a．裸体的368．claw vt．用爪抓369．stairway n．楼梯UNIT8370．amount vi等于，合计371．hostile a．敌对的372．attitude n．看法，态度373．nighttime a．夜间的374．interfere vi．于涉，妨碍interference n．375．researcher n．研究员376．benefit n．益处377．tense a．紧张的378．irritable a．易怒的；过敏的379．relaxation n．放松；休息380．psychologist n．心理学家381．contribute vi．贡献382．growth n．增长，发展383．concentration n．集中，专心384．span n．一段时间385．self-control n．自我控制386．creative a．创造性的387．remarkable a．显著的，非凡的388．shape vt．形成，塑造389．industrialist n．工业家390．maintain vt．断言，维持391．picture vt．画，想象392．achiever n．获得成功的人393．vivid a．生动的，鲜明的vividly ad．394．immeasurably ad．无限地395．pole-vaulting n．撑杆跳396．champion n．冠军397．meet n．集会398．clear vt．跳过399．bar n．杆；条状物400．stadium n．露天体育场401．trace n．痕迹memory trace 记忆痕402．vision n．想象（力）403．automatic a．自动的，无意识的automatically ad．404．appropriate a．适当的appropriately ad．405．purposeful a．有目的的；有决心的406．self-image n．自我形象407．accomplishment n．成就408．recommend vt．建议，推荐409．soar vi．翱翔，升腾410．screen n．银幕，屏幕411．project vt．映，投射412．attain vt．获得，达到413．supposedly ad．可能414．attainment n．达到；成就415．substitute n．代替品，代用品416．athletic a．运动的417．achievement n．成就418．after prep．在……之后419．neglect vt．忽视420．combination n．结合421．fantasy n．白日梦，幻想422．well-being n．康乐；安康423．realm n．领域，王国424．enjoyment n．享受；乐趣短语UNIT11．take sb．to court对某人提出诉讼2．a couple of 少数3．save up 储蓄4．take one’s time 慢慢来，不着急5．call on 要求6．stand a chance 有机会，有希望7．revolve around 围绕……中心8．turn against 反对UNIT29．take out 拿出；抽出10．think up 想出11．in short 总之；简言之12．bring up 使注意；提出UNIT313．stay up 不睡觉，熬夜14．take notes 记笔记15．build on 建立在……上16．keep a diary 记日记17．leave out 省略18．send off 寄出，派遣19．catch ones breath 屏息，喘息UNIT420．take sb. to task(为某事)狠猥批评某人21．at least 至少；不管怎么说22．catch sb.'s eyes 引起某人注意23．in hopes of/in the hope of 希望24．so what 那又怎么样25．sort of 有点儿26．cut through 穿过27．curl up （使）蜷缩28．call up使想起；(从电脑中)调用(数据) 29．add to 增添；扩大30．bring back 使恢复（到以前的状态）UNIT531．have sth．to oneself 独享32．at work 在工作33．catch on（to）学会，懂得34．stand/be in sb.'s way 阻碍，妨碍35．send away for 函索36．run out 到期；用完，耗尽37．help out 帮助；帮助（某人）摆脱困境38．on guard 警惕，提防39．in tears 流泪40．go on 继续41．go ahead 前进；进行UNIT642．bring down 减少；降低43．be detached from 对……漠不关心；脱离44．out of sight 看不见45．keep from 远离；保持46．take it easy 不紧张；不急47．hold tight onto oneself 控制自己不做某事UNIT748．in the midst of 在中间49．break up 散开50．grab/get/take hold of 抓住51．break down 破坏52．draw lots 抽签53．make a/the difference 有关系；有影响54．come up 发芽；提出来；出现55．head for 朝……方向走去56．figure out解决；算出；理解，弄清楚57．or else 否则；或者58．mean business 是当真的59．pile up 堆起60．get one’s hands on 弄到；获得；抓到61．in the way of 在……方面；关于62．go off 停止；离开；去世63．call off 停止；取消64．blow one’s top 大发脾气65．hold...against因（某事）而嫉恨（某人）66．take up 开始；从事67．born of 源于；出生于UNIT868．amount to 达到；等于；相当于70．interfere with 干扰；妨碍69．contribute to 使发生；有助于71．get along with 相处融洽72．due to 由于；因为73．go about 着手做。