英语应用文的常用句型
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高考英语应用文必备词汇和句型一、推荐信【必备词汇】1.支持某人的申请 support sb’s application2.精通 be skillful at/ show great skill at sth.3.有着极大的潜力/能力的男生 a boy with great potentiality/ability4.有某事的天赋 have a gift for5.是某方面的专家 be an expert in6.讲流利英语 speak fluent English7.对某事有积极的影响 has a positive influence on sth.8.在某事上有竞争力的 be highly competent for sth.9.对某事有热情 be enthusiastic about10.在某事上展示出很大的兴趣 show great interest in11.外向的 outgoing12.和…相处得好 get alone well with13.采取主动性做某事 take initiative to do sth.14.从..毕业 graduate from15.得到一等奖学金 gain the first grade scholarship16.一个全面发展的学生 an all-around student with excellent grades in all subjects17.被授予…的奖项 be given/awarded the title of【必备句型】1.得知你公司需要兼职销售人员,我荣幸地推荐李明--- 我的一个同学,给你们。
Having learned that your company is in need of some part time salesman, I am both honored and pleased to recommend Liming, one of my schoolmates to you.2.我很荣幸地抓住这次机会给推荐......It is with great pleasure that I take this opportunity to give......a recommendation.3.他获得了优秀毕业生的称号,是一位热情积极向上的年轻人,具有很强的潜力。
备考冲刺(二)各类应用文常用句型必备(1)感谢信:开头句:1、I’m extremely grateful/ thankful to you for your unselfish assistance during ….2、I wish to thank you from the bottom of my heart for….3、I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.4、I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for your selfless help.5、On behalf of …, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for your help.6、I’m writing to express/convey/extend my sincere/heartfeltgratitude/appreciation to you for your timely/generous help/assistance/what you have done for me, without which I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.篇中句:1、It is you who help me out and give me the courage to move forward.2、If it had not been for your kind assistance in my study, I fear that I would have failed in the exams.3、It is your enthusiasm, generosity as well as devotion that inspire us and arouse our thirsty for English.结尾句:1、It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say.2、I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my appreciation for your generous help.3、I will be more than pleased if I have the opportunity to repay your kindness by….4、Thanks again for your kind help./ Again, I would like to express our sincere thanks to you.(2)道歉信:开头句:1.I am sorry to say that I am unable to attend your birthday partybecause ….2.I am writing to apologize for…/ say sorry for…./I am writing toexpress/convey my heartfelt apology to you for….3.I’m writing to tell you that I can’t make it to the English play as wepreviously planned.4.I’m writing to make an apology for the change of the plan for thecoming Sunday.5.I’m extremely grateful/ thankful to you for your unselfish assistanceduring ….6.I wish to thank you from the bottom of my heart for….7.I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciationfor your timely help and assistance.篇中句:1.The reason why I failed to show up is that I had something urgent toattend to.2.I would like to express my deep regret over the misunderstandingbetween us.3.I’m awfully sorry for the sudden change of plan and feel it a great pity tomiss the opportunity to be with your students.结尾句:1.Anyway, I feel so sorry for what had happened. I hope you willunderstand and forgive me.2.I’ll try to make up for my fault.3.I apologize to you for all the inconvenience caused.4.What a pity it is that I’ll miss the English play.5.I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand mysituation.(3)建议信:开头句:1.I am sorry to learn that you have problem in fitting in with the newenvironment. However, the situation is easy to change if you take myadvice. Here are some tips for you.2.I am (more than) delighted to receive your letter asking for my adviceon how to learn English well.3.I would like to make some constructive suggestions/ offer you thefollowing suggestions, hoping to help you.篇中句:1.I strongly suggest that the government should take steps such asbuilding an overpass. / It is high time that necessary steps should betaken, such as building an overpass.2.It also helps to listen to Chinese songs and watch Chinese movies, whichcan enable you to gain a better understanding of Chinese.结尾句:1.I sincerely hope that my advice is of great help to you.2.I firmly believe you can make it only if you follow my advice.3.I hope you will find my suggestions beneficial and make great progresssoon.(4)申请信:开头句:1.Learning from … that you are looking for …,I would like to apply forthe position.2.I saw your advertisement on the Internet/ in a newspaper and I showgreat interest in ….3.I am glad that I feel quite qualified for the position you advertised.4.I am extremely pleased to see your advertisement for the position in ....and I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you areadvertising.篇中句:1.I trust myself that I have the appropriate qualifications and experiencefor this post.2.I have teamwork spirit and can get on well with other people.3.Not only am I good at… but also I am experienced in….4.I have been working in … since …, and have therefore gained richknowledge and experience in this field.5.I am confident that my experiences and references will show you that Ican fulfil the particular requirements of your position.6.Should an interview be desired, I shall be happy to call at any time youmay appoint.结尾句:1.I hope you will be kind enough to consider my application favorably.2.I shall be much grateful if you will offer me a precious opportunity to aninterview.3.Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward tohearing from you.4.I am sure I will do it well if you give me the chance to be a member ofyour company.5.I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application intoconsideration.(5)求助信:开头句:1.I am a middle school student and I am writing to tell you my problemwhich has troubled me for a long time.2.I’m writing to you to ask whether you could do me a favor.3.I’m sorry to bother you, but I have some difficulties here and badlyneed your help.4.I have some difficulty in doing… which bothers me a lot. Therefore, Ihave no choice but to turn to you for help.5.I am writing to you in the hope that you will be so kind as to do me afavor.篇中句:1.I long to learn English well, but I don’t know how, which makes meupset.2.I can’t concentrate on my lesson s these days, and I failed in the lastexam, which worries me a lot.3.I often feel left out in this school, and I don’t know how it has comeabout.4.Facing/ faced with so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for help.结尾句:1.I'm eager to get your timely he lp. / I’m eager for your timely help.2.I will be very grateful if you could help me…/I would appreciate it if youcould do me a favor and ….3.I’d appreciate it if you could take my request intoconsideration/account.4.I would be grateful if you really give me a hand.(6)投诉信:开头句:1.I’m writing to make a complaint about your standard service.2.I’m most unwilling to complain, but the service attitude of yourassistants is really annoying.3.I’m …a customer who bought … from your website several days ago. Iam writin g to you to complain about ….4.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at your unfriendlyattitude to customers.篇中句:1.To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the followingmeasures.2.I do hope that someone will take effective measures to deal with thismatter.3.I would like to draw your attention to the quality of your products.4.I sincerely hope you can better your service and that mistake won’t ariseagain in the future.5.Can you arrange a new one for me as soon as possible?结尾句:1.I hope /I would appreciate it if you will give due attention to the matter.2.I would be highly appreciated if you could do something about it.3.I am really annoyed about it. I trust/ have great faith that you will takemy complaints seriously.(7)邀请信:开头句:1. It’s my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to join in...我非常荣幸地邀请你和我们一起....2. Knowing that you're interested in … , I'm delighted to invite you to ...知道你对....感兴趣,我非常高兴地邀请......3. I do want to accept your invitation but I'm terribly sorry to tell you ...我真想接受你的邀请,但是我很抱歉地告诉....4. I'm honored that you can invite me to join in ... but I feel sorry that ...你邀请我参加....我深感荣幸,但我觉得很抱......5. We are having planning ... on ... (date) and we feel it would be a great idea if you could join us.我们定......期....动),如果你能来参加就太好了。
英语写作应用文万能句英语写作应用文万能句大全英语写作有很多举行是万能。
你知道英语写作应用文万能句有哪些吗?下面是店铺为大家带来的英语写作应用文万能句大全,欢迎阅读。
英语写作应用文万能句篇1一. 邀请信【篇首句】介绍自己,简要说明活动,并邀请对方。
1. i'm wang ming from yuwen school,the president of the student union.我是来自育文学校的王明,学生会主席。
2. an english speaking contest of our school will be held on august 6.我们学校有一场英语演讲比赛将在8月6号举行。
3. there will be a partin mgarden on sunday.周日,在我的花园里会举行一场聚会。
4. i'd like to invite you to judge it.我想邀请你做它的裁判。
5. i'm writing to invite you to...我写信是邀请你......6. i wonder if you can come to...我想知道你是否能来......7. we sincerelhope you can attend it.我们真诚希望你能够参加。
8. it'mpleasure/a great honour for me to invite you to...我很荣幸的邀请你......9. it'a pitthat you have to go back to america soon. so a farewell partfor you will be held in the sun cluthisaturdaevening. could you come at 6:00 pm?很遗憾你不久就要回美国了。
读后续写和应用文中常见的语法现象(配高分作文例句)1.It 句型A. It was / will be not long before sb did sth 过不了多久,就1.It was not long before my father reached home and related to us the whole story.2.It wasn’t long before Jack was home again and doing well.3.It was not long before I realized my mother had plodded ten miles in the pouring rain, only to get me medicine.B. It was +时间点+ when 当…时,是几点1.It was eight o’clock sharp when my mother popped in as scheduled and related to us the whole story.2.It was 3:00 in the morning when street cleaners toiled hard in the street so as to create a tidy environment for citizens.3.It was nearly dawn when the patient died.C. It is … that 强调句,用于读后续写的抽象感受1.It was Mom who taught me we should never take for granted the very things that most deserve our gratitude.2.It was then I realized that every small action of kindness can make a big difference to the world.D. It is + N + that1.It was a pity that his son just wasn’t here.2.It’s my great privilege to talk about the enormous benefits we reap by mastering English.3.It is a good idea to recycle and reuse resources.E. It is +adj +that1.It is advisable that you take in plenty of water in case you dehydrated.2.It is compulsory that all students switch off their mobile throughout the lecture.3.It is desirable that you can make it to our appointment as scheduled.2.定语从句A. As 引导的定从1.As scheduled, our school held an English Speech Competition last Friday at 7p.m.in the school hall, which attracted many enthusiastic students2 from each class.2.As it turned out, this ‘ruthless’ lady used the Grade F approach to bring out Monty’s will and determination.3.As it turned out, suspended coffee was paid in advance for the poor, by those privileged yet loving people .3.状语从句A. As引导的让步状语从句1.Extraordinarily crucial as the pure water source is to sustain people’s life in the dilemma, not many of us will appreciate the continuous supply of clean water in our everyday life.2. Disappointed as John was to have failed in the job interview, he still kept up his optimism and high spirits.B. 一…就1.The moment I crashed through the kitchen door, sobbing, mum rushed over.2.The moment their eyes met, hers widened in surprise, and then she shouldered her way through the crowd to her youngest son.3.Hardly had Mary saw the comb when she began to weep gently.4.名词性从句A. what +情绪类动词+ sb was that1.What angered me most was that he repeatedly broke into my house without ringing the doorbell.2.What frustrated me was that none of my attempts in connecting with him succeeded and he kept giving me cold shoulders.3.What delighted the mother most was the little fool who was intelligently retarded was appointed to be a general in the army.B. 抽象名词+动词+ that 引导的同位语从句1.When reports came into London Zoo that a puma had been spotted 40 miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.2.When rumor came into the company that he was arrested because of his bribery, it was not taken seriously.3.Legend has it that, to spare Quyuan’s body from being eaten by the fish, people throw rice dumplings into Miluo river to divert the fish’s attention.5. 感叹句A. What +a +N (it was)!1. What an unforgettable experience it was!2. What a narrow escape!3. What a pleasant surprise!4. What a pleasant surprise to meet my childhood buddy John in the Spring Rush!B. How +adj +N + be!1. How unforgettable this experience was!2. How embarrassing it was!3. How deep the hole was!4. How inappropriate it is for a chain store like yours to offer such poor service and low-quality products!6.倒装only的倒装A.Only +副词/状语从句/介词短语+一般疑问句(1) Only by venting out your negative emotions will you calm down and be prepared for next stage of hard work.(2) Only then did he realize the huge sacrifice his mom made for the whole family.(3) Only when he sat by his mother’s bedside did he realize the huge sacrifice his mom made for the whole family.(4) Only at that moment did he realize the huge sacrifice his mom made for the whole family.B.代词不可以倒装Only Tom / he could do this.否定词+一般疑问句(1) Under no circumstances should we surrender.(2) Hardly could anyone imagine how happy the father was.(3) Hardly had I looked back to my rude behavior when I regretted deeply.(4) Hardly am I surprise at your landslide victory.Not only 前倒后不倒(1) Not only is Kenny a strong and independent man, but also has a heart of gold.(2) Not only does it present a variety of calligraphy style, but also provides beautiful illustrations, expert analyses and useful comments, since one’s handwriting is often viewed as a reflection of his personality.(3) Not only will the traditional musical instruments be shown, but we also have a concert performed by a famous artist.So … that一定要构成因果关系才可以!So+ adj + be +主语+ that +完整句子(1) So hilarious was John that he jumped high in the sky.(2) So shocked was the man that he was dumbstruck and lost for words.其他倒装(表语倒装)A isB 变B is AB:adj短语,介词短语,v-ing , v-ed短语(1) Joining in it were teachers and students from different grades, all of whom made it to the destination successfully despite the scorching heat and the rugged road.(2) Emerging from the 1980 census(人口普查)is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.7.非谓语A.Doing与being done做主语Being accompanied by flowers and applauses does not necessarily mean one is leading a happy life.B.现在分词作状语,看好逻辑主语1. After hearing their love story, I choked with sobs.2. However, to my disappointment, your assistant refused, insisting that once purchased, no book shall be changed.C.Be +V-ed +介词/ that 从句,正确答案去掉be1. Aware of the danger, he armed himself to teeth.2. Lost in thought, he didn’t even notice my passing by.3. Dumbstruck by the scene, the couple did not utter a single word.D.分词作后置定语(N+ doing /being done/done)1. Rece ntly, an activity themed “Let’s do housework” has been held in our school in order to advocate education on students’ hard-working spirit.E.独立主格(要自然,不要刻意)两个不同主语,两个不同谓语,其中一个为非谓语(doing , done, being done ,Having done, having been done, to do, to be done ),来表示句间逻辑关系(伴随,条件,因果,目的,让步,对比)1. Edward raised his head, his eyes meeting his father’s burning gaze.2. My throat tightening, palms sweating and legs shaking, I could not motion a single step towards the stage.3. I threw myself heavily to the floor, feet kicking and voice screaming.8. 虚拟语气A.as if1. Feeling as if there were hundreds of eyes peeping at us, my face blushed.2. Too excited for a second thought, I held the treasured pants in my hands as if a thief would steal them.B.Wish1. I wish I had a piece of gold.2. How I wished I had fully prepared for the contest, but on the contrary, I took it lightly.C.Without / but for +N1. Without them I would be starved to death.2. But for your devotion in Chinese academic pursuit, you wouldn’t have won the honor considering your distinguished performance.D.Otherwise1. Otherwise, as hosts, they were to blame.2. Therefore, I sincerely wish1 you could tame your dog properly and immediately stop its tantrum, otherwise I would seek legal support.E.with结构(a). With sth to do 亲自去做1. With loads of emails to answer, hardly could he spare a holiday.(b).With sth to be done 请别人去做1. With loads of emails to be answered, he could spare a holiday at the seaside as his secretary shared a huge portion of his burden.(c).With sth done 有…被做好了1. With jaws clenched, he resolved to push the bass back.2. The shepherd replied, with loving but anxious eyes fixed on their treasured sheep.(d).With sth doing 有…主动在运转1. With every second ticking by, my boss broke the silence.3. When I handed the homeless man a five-dollar bill, the man’s lips quivered, as if to express his heartfelt thanks, with grateful tears glistening in his eyes.(e).With sth being done 有…正在被做1. With so much work being done, I can’t spare any。
【导语】在英语的学习中,英语的写作是很重要的⼀部分,今天是由®⽆忧考⽹在这⾥为⼤家整理了⼀些英语应⽤⽂万能开头句⼦,希望会对⼤家的英语写作能⼒有所帮助!【篇⼀】英语应⽤⽂万能句⼦语句 演绎法常⽤的句型 1.There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有⼏个原因……,但⼀般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2.There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…,但以下是最典型的。
3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多⽅法可以解决这个问题,但下⾯的可能是最有效的。
4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.⼀般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。
5.The reasons are as follows. 因果推理法常⽤句型 1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2.If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3.We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learneda lot. 4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。
02 高中英语满分作文分类话题---万能句型写作速成技能突破加模板与练习—————申请信【篇章结构】1. 说明写信目的,说出招聘信息来源和所申请的职位。
2. 简述个人信息。
介绍自己的学历或者经历,本人特长,成绩等。
3. 表示感谢和期待对方优先考虑自己的申请。
注意礼貌和自信。
【话题词汇】1. apply vt.申请2. master vt.掌握3. patience n.耐心4. knowledge n.知识5. enthusiastic adj.热情的6. selfless adj. 无私的7. suitable adj.适合的8. responsibility n.责任心9. experience n.经验10. competent adj.足以胜任的11. be expert in擅长于12. be qualified for胜任13.obtain the precious opportunity获得这个珍贵的机会14. be capable of doing sth有能力做某事15 .have the ability to do sth有能力做某事16.have experience in doing sth/be experienced in在做……上有经验17.have a good command/knowledge of精通/对……能运用自如18.major in主修……专业19.good interpersonal relationship良好的人际关系20. last but not leas t最后但也很重要的一点【核心句型】一凤头1. Learning from the advertisement you have posted that you're in need of...to do sth, I'm writing for a chance to work as...从你发布的广告中得知你需要……,我写信给你是为了应聘……。
活动类应用文写作词块及句型积累应用文的写作题材主要是学生的学校生活。
无论是什么体裁,是书信,还是新闻报道,还是演讲稿,都与学生的生活息息相关,尤其是与学校开展的活动有关。
因此,关于活动类应用文写作内容通常包括以下要点:1. 活动背景:时间 (注意:一般过去时 ),地点,目的,参加人员。
2. 活动过程。
3. 活动意义或反响。
一、与学校活动相关的词块:1.school dining hall 学生食堂2.teaching building 教学楼3.lecture hall 阶梯教室4.the Students’ Union 学生会5.social practice 社会实践6.give/deliver a lecture/speech 做讲座;做演讲7.graduation ceremony 毕业典礼8.English evening 英语晚会9.afterschool activities 课外活动10.voluntary labor/work 义务劳动11.physical activities 体育活动12.have/hold a party 举行晚会13.hold a sports meeting 举行运动会14.get/take the first place in the English speech contest 在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名15.take physical exercise 进行体育锻炼16.academic record/achievement 学习成绩17.acquire knowledge 学习知识18.study pressure 学习压力19. playground 运动场20. basketball court二、与学校活动相关的常见句型:1. 举办活动A. Last week, our school organized/held/launched/witnessed an (extraordinary ) activity about.../a lecture on.../sports-meet on the playground/ in the multimedia Room/in the meeting hall/ in the lecture (academic) hall/ in the multifunctional room/ in the library.(也可以用被动语态)B. Last week,an (extraordinary ) activity/a lecture on.../sports-meet fell on the playground/ in the multimedia Room/in the meeting hall/ in the lecture (academic) hall/ in the multifunctional room/ in the library2. 参加活动The students selected from every class took part in/got involved in/participated in the activity/the lecture /the sports-meet.3. 活动的目的或意义A. To raise students’awareness of/ stress the importance of.......B. With the purpose of/With the aim of raising students’awareness of/stressing the importance of....C. Intended for/Aiming to raising students’awareness of/stressing the importance of....D. It was beneficial/of great benefit to participants physically and mentally.4. 活动的影响A. The activity/event won wide popularity.B. The activity were very popular.C. The activity receive an immediate and warm welcome.D. The activity won thunderous claps.E. The activity received cheers from all directions.三、活动举例德育类:1、【2020年7月天津卷】假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。
高中英语十大应用文常用句型大汇总应用文是高中英语常考的文体之一,命题形式多为文字提示。
书信、通知、日记、发言稿、报道等都是常见的应用文体。
在应用文的写作中,往往需要用到特定的表达方式,所以同学们平时要注意积累一些常用的句型和习惯表达,期末考试要到了,考前看一看、记一记,对英语写作一定有帮助哦!一. 普通书信1. 开头I was delighted/glad to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。
Your letter came to me this morning. 我今天早上收到了你的来信。
I have received your letter of June the 29th.我收到了你于6月29日的来信。
How nice to hear from you again. 很高兴再次收到你的来信。
How is it going?最近怎么样?You asked me about(problem,question...),now let me give you some advice. 你在来信中询问我……,现在,让我给你一些建议。
It has been a long time since we met. 我们很久没见面了。
How time flies!It's three months since I saw you last time.时间过得真快!我们有三个月没见面了。
I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我写信是为了感谢你对我在美国期间的帮助。
2. 结尾I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的来信。
Thank you in advance. 提前谢谢你。
Please write to me as soon as possible. 请尽快回信。
英语应用文的常用句型:
一、邀请信
① request the pleasure of 恭请...
② The favor of a reply is requested 敬赐复函
③ May I have the honor of your company at dinner? 敬备菲酌,恭请光临
④ Thank you for inviting us to dinner 谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐
⑤ I hope you’re not too busy to come. 我期望您会在百忙中光临
⑥ The reception will be held in ...,on ... 招待会定于...在...举行
⑦ We sincerely/faithfully hope you can attend…. 我们期待您的光临
⑧ We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion为此我们决定举办一次晚会
⑨ Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience 是否参加,请早日告之
二、感谢信
1、Thank you very much for .... 十分感谢...
2、Many thanks for your ... 非常感谢您...
3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for ... 请接受我对...真挚的感谢
4、I am truly grateful to you for ... 为了...,我真心感激您
5、It was good (thoughtful) of you ... 承蒙好意(关心)...
6、You were so kind to send ... 承蒙好意送来...
7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you
soon. 再次感谢您的盛情款待,并期待不久见到您
8、I find an ordinary "thank-you" entirely inadequate to tell you how much...
我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地...
9、I sincerely appreciate ... 我衷心地感谢...
10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for ... 我对..深表谢意
11、Many thanks for you generous cooperation 谢谢贵方的真诚合作
常用句子:
① I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.
② Delighted! Will call at 2 p.m. tomorrow.来条收悉,定于明天下午两点拜访。
③Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice. 附;医生证明 I shall be very happy to call at your
house at 6:30 this evening. Until then,...我定于今晚6:30去你家,望等候。Enclosure
④Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.见条后,请立即来我办公室。
⑤Mr. Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。
⑥I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事,需要200元。
⑦Your note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收
到,不胜感激。
⑧I‘m very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and I’m sure to come to see your concert.承蒙
邀请观看你们的音乐会,我一定按时到场。
⑨Please accept this little gift as a small token of my esteem for you.奉上这小小的礼物,以表达
我对您的崇高敬意。Token=symbol
⑩结束语I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不会给你
带来太大的不便。
⑾Please favor me with an early reply.敬请早复。
⑿Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早处理此事。
⒀Please give an extension of leave for three days.请准予续假三天为盼。