【百强校】2016-2017学年吉林长春十一高中等校高二上期中考生物卷(带解析)

吉林省长春市第十一高中2016-2017学年高二上学期期初考试物理试题第I卷（选择题，共48分）一、选择题：(本题共12小题，每小题4分.单选还是多选,题号前已标出。

全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。

)1.（多选）关于电源电动势的说法，正确的是：（）A.电动势是表征电源把其他形式的能转变成电能的本领的一个物理量B.电动势在数值上等于外电路断开时两极间的电压，也等于电路中通过1C电量时，电源所提供的能量C.外电路接通时，电源电动势等于内、外电路上的电压之和D.由于内外电路上的电压随外电路电阻的改变而改变，因此，电源电动势跟外电路电阻有关【答案】ABC【解析】试题分析：由电动势的物理意义可知，电动势是表征电源把其他形式的能转化为电势能本领的物理量，故A对。

它在数值上等于电源没有接入电路时其两极间的电压，也等于外电路接通时内、外电路上的电压之和，电路中通过1 C电荷量时，非静电力做功的数值等于电源电动势的大小，即为电源所提供的能量；故BC对。

电动势由电源中非静电力的特性决定，跟电源的大小无关，跟外电路也无关；电动势虽然有方向，但电动势是标量．故D错。

故选ABC。

考点：电动势的概念。

【名师点睛】电源电动势是表征电源特性的物理量，其数值反映了在两极间移动1C电荷量时把其他形式的能转换成电能的大小，也等于外电路断开时两极间的电压，或者在外电路接通时，内外电路上电压之和，它不随内外电路的阻值变化而变化。

2. （多选）如图所示，两个截面不同，长度相等的均匀铜棒接在电路中，两端的电压为U，则（）A.通过两棒的电流强度不相等B.两棒的自由电子定向移动的平均速率相等C.两棒内的电场强度不同，细棒内场强E 1大于粗棒内场强E 2D.相等时间通过两棒的电荷量相等 【答案】CD 【解析】试题分析：因两导体串联，则电流一定相等，故A 错误；由I=nesv 可知，电流相同，单位体积内的电子数相同，电子的电荷量相同，因截面积不相同，故电子的定向移动速率不同，细棒中的电子定向移动速率大，故B 错误；而由两端的总电压U 不变，lR sρ=可知，细棒的电阻较大，则由欧姆定律可知，细棒两端的电压较大，两棒长度相等，则由U=Ed 可知，细棒内的电场强度大于粗棒内的电场强度，故C 正确；由q It =，可知两棒串联电流相等，相等时间通过两棒的电荷量相等。

体验探究合作展示长春市十一高中2016-2017学年度高二上学期期初考试生物试题本试卷分第一部分（选择题）和第二部分（非选择题），满分100分，测试时间80分钟。

一、选择题（本题共46小题。

每小题1分共46分。

每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项最符合题目要求)1．下列叙述中符合达尔文自然选择学说原理的是( ）.A。

食蚁兽具有长舌，是因为它长期舔食树缝中的蚂蚁而反复不断伸长的缘故B。

害虫抗药性的增强，是因为杀虫剂使害虫产生抗药能力,并在后代中不断积累C.狼和鹿通过捕食和被捕食的关系进行着相互选择，结果狼和鹿的奔跑速度都变快D.现在人们都生活在不同的人工环境中，因此人类的进化不再受到自然选择的影响2．农业生产中长期使用某种杀虫剂后，害虫的抗药性增强,杀虫效果下降,原因是（）A.杀虫剂诱发了害虫抗药性基因的产生B.杀虫剂对害虫具有选择作用,使抗药性害虫的数量增加C.杀虫剂能诱导害虫分解药物的基因大量表达D.抗药性强的害虫所产生的后代都具有很强的抗药性3．某小岛上原有果蝇20 000只,其中基因型VV、Vv和vv的果蝇分别占15％、55%和30%。

若此时从岛外入侵了2 000只基因型为VV 的果蝇,且所有果蝇均随机交配，则F1中V的基因频率约是（）A。

43% B.48% C。

52％D。

57％4．下列关于生物进化的叙述错误的是( ）A。

基因突变是基因库变迁的内因B。

进化的实质是种群基因频率的改变C。

物种形成意味着生物能够以新的方式利用环境条件D.一个物种的形成或灭绝，不会影响到其他物种的进化5．下图表示生物新物种形成的基本环节，对图示分析正确的是( ）A.a表示基因突变，是生物进化的原材料B.b表示地理隔离，新物种形成一定需要地理隔离C.c表示新物种形成,新物种与生活环境共同进化D。

d表示生殖隔离，生殖隔离是生物进化的标志6．关于人体非特异性免疫的叙述，正确的是（）A。

非特异性免疫是能够遗传的B.过敏反应是由非特异性免疫异常引起的C.机体能够通过非特异性免疫产生记忆细胞D。

长春市十一高中2014-2015学年度高二上学期期中考试生物试题本试卷分第一部分（选择题）和第二部分（非选择题），满分90分，测试时间90分钟。

一．选择题（每题1分）1．下图示某海岛珊瑚礁群落演替过程中鱼的种数、鱼的个体数及珊瑚礁体积的变化，下列叙述错误的是（）A.珊瑚礁群落的演替过程属于次生演替过程B.珊瑚礁体积增加为鱼类生存提供了更复杂的空间C.演替过程中鱼类丰富度逐渐增加并趋向稳定D.演替过程中鱼的种数增加导致珊瑚礁体积下降2．下列四种现象中，可以用右图表示的是（）A．次生演替过程中群落的稳定性随时间的变化B．生态系统中能量随营养级的变化C．条件适宜、底物充足时反应速率随酶量的变化D．在适宜条件下光合速率随CO2含量的变化3．下列有关生物学研究方法的叙述中，不正确的有（）①为了解决光合作用中产生的氧气来源问题，卡尔文用了同位素标记法进行研究②用样方法调查植物种群密度时，取样的关键是随机取样③研究土壤中小动物类群丰富度时用标志重捕法④孟德尔遗传规律的研究过程和摩尔根果蝇眼色遗传的研究过程均用到了假说一演绎法⑤在电子显微镜下拍摄到的叶绿体的结构照片属于概念模型⑥在探究生长素类似物促进插条生根的最适浓度实验中，用沾蘸法处理时要求时间较长、溶液浓度较低，浸泡法则正好相反⑦调查人群中某遗传病发病率时，最好要选取群体中发病率较高的单基因遗传病⑧数学模型中曲线图比数学方程式更能直观地反映出种群数量的增长趋势A．一项 B．二项 C．三项 D．四项4．某生态系统的营养结构如下图所示，有关叙述正确的是（）A．图中反映了该生态系统具有能量流动、物质循环和信息传递功能B．①和②、②和③之间存在信息交流，①和③之间则没有C．如按最高传递效率计算，③通过该营养结构获得的能量大于①所同化能量的1/25D．若图中②由于某种原因而灭绝，则③的数量一定会减少5．下图是探究温度对水螅种群增长影响的实验结果，下列说法正确的是（）A．在培养过程中，水螅的种群密度随温度的升高而逐渐增大B．在30℃时水螅种群呈“S”型增长，种群增长速率在15天左右最大C．在10℃、20℃时水螅种群呈“J”型增长，且20℃时种群增长速率较大D．实验结果表明，20℃左右培养水螅是获得较大种群数量的良好温度6．植物扦插繁殖时,需要对插枝去除成熟叶片,保留芽和幼叶,这样有利于插枝成活,其原因是（）①芽和幼叶生长迅速,容易成活②芽和幼叶储存较多的营养物质③芽和幼叶能产生生长素促进生根④去除成熟叶片可降低蒸腾作用A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④7．切除健康狗的胰脏，2d后出现糖尿病的症状。

绝密★启用前【百强校】2016-2017学年吉林长春市十一中高二上期初考试英语卷（带解析）试卷副标题考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：33分钟；命题人：xxx学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________注意事项．1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）一、阅读理解（题型注释）You get anxious if there‟s no wi -fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you‟re not there. All these can be called “always on” stress caused by smart phone addiction(上瘾).For some people, smart phones have freed them from the nine-to-five work. Flexible working has given them more autonomy (自主权) in their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others, though, smart phones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they‟re spending on the device(设备) and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken. “Moment‟s goal is to promote balance in your lif e,” his website explains. “Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving试卷第2页，共11页family and friends around you.”Dr. Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, “The effects of this …always on‟ culture are that your mind is never resting, and you‟re not giving your body time to recover, so you‟re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer.”And as the number of connected smart phones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. “It actuall y makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they‟re controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office,” said Dr. Christine Grant.1、What‟s the first paragraph mainly about? A ．The popularity of smart phones. B ．The progress of modern technology. C ．The signs of “always on” stress. D ．The cause of smart phone addiction.2、Kevin Holesh developed Moment to_______. A ．research how people use their mobile phones B ．help people control their use of mobile phones C ．make people better use mobile phones D ．increase the fun of using mobile phones3、What‟s Dr. Christine Grant‟s attitude towards “always on” culture? A ．Confused. B ．Positive. C ．Doubtful. D ．Critical.4、According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means_______. A ．we will become less productive B ．we can make a decision more quickly C ．we will be equipped with more knowledge D ．we can work more effectivelyAn artist in Oakland, California is using his skills to help the homeless. Greg Kloehn builds very small shelters that make life on the streets a little more comfortable. The structures offerthe homeless some safety and protection from bad weather. Each little house also has wheels on the bottom so it can go wherever its owner goes.Greg Kloehn has given away at least 20 tiny houses. Several are on the roadside near an active railroad. On a recent day, Mr. Kloehn stops at one to visit Oscar Young. The two men hug. Inside his little shelter Mr. Young gets relief from cold nights on the streets. Mr. Kloehn also visits Sweet-Pea, another friend who also lives in one of the little homes the artist built. She says it keeps her safe and protects her belongings.In the mornings, Mr. Kloehn searches the streets for building materials. He gathers what he can and takes it to his studio. There, he puts the houses together. Empty coffee bags become roof material. A washing machine door and refrigerator part become windows. Nails, screws and the sticky glue hold all the pieces together. The artist also attaches a small electrical device to the house. The device is powered by the sun.Some of the people living on the streets once had normal houses of their own. But some of the people say they have learned to live with less and they are thankful to that man.Mr. Kloehn says his work is not a social project. He says he is just someone using his skills to help his homeless neighbors.5、The following are the advantages of the small shelters except_______.A．saving power and energyB．decorating the streets where they areC．protecting possessions of the homelessD．keeping the homeless safe and comfortable6、We can learn from the passage that_______.A．Greg Kloehn has sold at least 20 tiny houses.B．The government has taken part in the action.C．The shelters Greg Kloehn builds can not be moved.D．An act of kindness has made people comfortable and grateful.7、What‟s the main idea of the passage?A．An artist creates homes for the homeless.B．A more comfortable shelter is built on the streets.C．A successful social project is conducted in Oakland.D．An artist makes a living by designing small shelters.试卷第4页，共11页The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors (年长者) have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?· Finding ：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.· Step ：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe?[来源:]· Finding ：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 times a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day - half of the number doctors advise.· Step ：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day - often inviting germs （病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most importantly, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds. 3. How often do you think about fighting germs?· Finding ：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.· Step ：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.8、What is found out about American seniors? A ．Most of them have good habits.B ．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.C ．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.D ．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day. 9、 Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands_______.A ．eight times a dayB ．three times a dayC ．four times a dayD ．twice a day 10、Which of the following is true according to the text ? A ．We should keep ourselves from touching our faces. B ．There are less than 200 types of bacteria in the mouth. C ．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. D ．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. 11、 The text probably comes from_______.A．a guide book B．a popular magazineC．a book review D．a text bookI still clearly remember that day. I was on the side of the road for about four hours with my big jeep. I put signs in the windows that said,“Need a jack (千斤顶）.”As I was about to give up, a truck stopped and a man got off. He looked at the situation, made a judgment and went back to take a jack. After about two hours, we finished the job with sweats. We were both dirty. His wife took a large bottle of water for us to wash our hands.I tried to put $20 in the man‟s hand, but he wouldn‟t take it, so I went to give it to his wife quietly. I asked their little girl where they lived. She said they lived in Mexico. They were in Oregon now, so Mommy and Daddy could pick cherries for the next few weeks. After that, they were going to pick peaches and then go home.After I said goodbye and started going back to my jeep, the girl ran to me and handed me a tamale(玉米粽子)for lunch. I thanked them again and walked back to my jeep. When I opened the tamale, what did I find inside? My $20! I ran to the truck and the guy rolled down his window. He started shaking his head, smiled and said in English“Today you, tomorrow me. ” Then he drove away, with his daughter waving to me from the back.This family, working on a seasonal basis where time is money, took a couple of hours to help a stranger while others passed by quietly.Since then I‟ve helped many people like the Mexican family. I didn‟t accept their money. Every time I was able to help, I felt as if I was putting something in the bank.12、From the passage we can know that _______.A．the Mexican man couldn‟t speak English.B．the author‟s jeep broke down on the road.C．the Mexican family came to Oregon for a visit.D．$20 was a small amount for the Mexican family.13、Why did the author hand the money quietly to the man‟s wife?A．Because the Mexican man had refused to accept it.B．Because the Mexican man‟s wife needn‟t wash her hands.C．Because the Mexican man was busy washing his hands.D．Because the Mexican man‟s wife was in charge of money at their home.14、The Mexican man helped the author because he thought that_______.试卷第6页，共11页A ．it was completely wrong for others to pass by quietly.B ．it was quite easy to help the author repair the jeep.C ．it was possible that everyone might get into trouble.D ．the author was a polite stranger and deserved the help. 15、What can we infer from the passage?A ．The Mexican family lived a richer life than the author.B ．What made the author cry was the tamale given by the girl.C ．The Mexican family did seasonal work in Oregon last year.D ．The author was inspired to help others by the Mexican family.二、完形填空（题型注释）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A 、B 、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。