独立主格结构和with复合结构复习[课件] (2)

3）会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
The meeting （being）over, they all went home.
名词/主格代词+介词短语
1）孩子们手里拿着花向我们跑过来 The children came running towards us, flowers in hands. 2）玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.
⑧ He reached the beautiful river with red flowers and green trees on both sides.
他来到了两岸长满红花绿树的这条河上。（作后置定语，修饰river）
独立主格结构与with复合结构的区别
独立主格结构和with / without 的复合结构在大多数情况下可以相互转换。 • ① He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍or an instant，his hand still raised. • ② He could be seen with his legs wrapped around the trunk and his blond head sticking out above the branches. 只见他双腿盘着树干，长满金黄头发 的头伸出树枝以上。 • →He could be seen，his legs wrapped around the trunk and his blond head sticking out above the branches. • ③ Without any money left，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. 由于手头拮据，他只得向他的朋友借一些钱。 • →No money left，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. • 意思基本相同。

独立主格结构和 with / without
1.概念 概念: 概念 充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、 在句中可以表示时间、原因 条件、方式或伴随情况等。 条件、方式或伴随情况等。
形容词&副词 介词短语 形容词 副词&介词短语 状语从句 副词 介词短语&状语从句 非谓语动词 逻辑主语与整句的主语相同） （逻辑主语与整句的主语相同）
(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。 Ⅲ ＋名词／代词＋不定式。 用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 With a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled (Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。 Ⅳ ＋名词／代词＋形容词。 She sleeps with the window open.
Breakfast (being) over 1.___________________, he went to school.(早餐结束后 （over） 早餐结束后)（ 早餐结束后 ） There being no cause for alarm 2.____________________________,she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因 没有闹钟的原因) 没有闹钟的原因 The room being painted now 3._________________________, we can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆 房间正在被油漆) 房间正在被油漆

4._____ time going by , Einstein’s theory proved _______ .
•
A. As; correct
C. With; correct
B. With; corrected D. As; being correct
5.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.
① With the boy to lead the way, we are sure we’ll be there on time.
有男孩带路，我们有把握会准时到那儿。（表示原因）
② The classroom is very bight with all the lights turned on.
B. setting
C. has set
D. was set
2.She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down C. with tears rolled down
B. tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
表示存在时用“There being +名词（代词）”的结构
There being no buses, they walked to the theatre .
It being +名词（代词）
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 It being holiday, all the shops were shut.

I．独立主格结构We already have 2.4 million people…, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Lesson 3, Para. 1)（一）定义独立主格结构是由一个独立的主格名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语（作为逻辑谓语）构成。

其作用相当于状语，多用来表示原因、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。

这种结构多用在书面语中。

（二）特点1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2．名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。

3．独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

（三）几种常见的独立主格结构形式1. 名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。

如：The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. 名词（或代词）＋形容词。

如：The weather hot, we all went swimming.3. 名词（或代词）＋不定式。

如：Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.4. 名词（或代词）＋介词短语。

如：He climbed in, sword in hand.5. 名词（或代词）＋副词。

如：The meeting over, we left the room.II. With引导的复合结构With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost … (Lesson 3, Para. 9)（一）with复合结构的模式with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（二）with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.如：With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.但须注意的是：with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.= Soon she arrived at a park where grass was green and flowers were in blossom.。