英美概况练习题与答案

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies men tioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

学习指导参考
WORD 格式整理版
3. The stars and strips have different meanings. Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteen colonies before the independence of America.
the Second Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.
2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies. White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.
Anacreontic Song” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).
(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was made the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.

《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。

Understanding the United KingdomPart 1 Geography and History of UKSection 1 The LandI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdoniaD. Scafell5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogsKeys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. AII. Translate the following into Chinese1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The strait of Dover 多佛海峡3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡4.Greenwich 格林尼治5..The Britain Isles 大不列颠岛6.The Thames River 泰晤士河7.The Severn River 塞汶河ke Neigh 讷湖9. Lake District 湖区10.Edinburgh 爱丁堡11.Glasgow 格拉斯哥12.Cardiff 加的夫13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱14. the British Isles不列颠群岛15.the English Channel 英吉利海峡16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候17. loanwords外来语，外来词18.. Old English古英语（略作OE）19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教20. .Middle English中世纪英语；中古英语（约1150－约1475年间的英语）III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.___ 1. Northern Ireland a. church leader of a diocese___ 2. Charlotte Bronte b. Ulster___ 3. archbishop c. Middle Valley___ 4. Ben Nevis d. church leader of a province___ 5. bilingual education e. Britain’s highest mountain___ 6. Central lowland f. author of Jane Eyre___ 7. bishop g. teaching in two languages(Key: 1.b 2.f 3.a 4.e 5.g 6.c 7.d)Section 2 The PeopleI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The English people are descendants of .A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes2. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. NormanD. Danish3. The established church of Britain is .A. The Church of EnglandB. Free churchC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of Scotland4. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.A. ComingB. BirthC. DeathD. ResurrectionKeys: 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. DII．Match the names of the cities with the descriptions.Column A Column B__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain__c__2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain__a__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside__b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain__d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside__e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland__i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland__h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandIII. Translate the following into Chinese1.Modern English 现代英语2.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会3.Christmas 圣诞节4.Easter 复活节5.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂6.City of London 伦敦城7.Outer London 外伦敦8.Poets' Corner 诗人角9. Birmingham 伯明翰IV. True or False1.England is smaller than the combined territory of Scotland and Wales.2.The first Christian church was established at Canterbury, England, in 597.3.The Scottish language is derived from Old English.4.What kind of language to speak is not important in Great Britain.5.The present-day English people have inherited the physical characteristics of the Germanicpeople and the Celts.(Key: 1. F (still larger) 2.T 3. F (Old Celtic language) 4. F (extremely important) 5. TSection 3 Early Man and the Feudal SocietyI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________.A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons2. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. AugustineD. the Pope3. Roman Britain lasted until the year of ______ when all Roman troops went back to thecontinent.A.400 A.D.B. 410 A.D.C.445 A.D. D.449 A.D.4. Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?A.Welsh ChristianityB. the Roman RoadsC. citiesD. enormous wealth5. The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchantsKeys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. BII. Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place.1. __d____ a. Norman Conquest2. __b____ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest3. __e____ c. the birth of Parliament4. __a____ d. Roman Conquest5. __c____ e. Danish ConquestIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服 2 . Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居3. Edward, the Confessor 信教者爱德华4. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役5. the Great Charter 大宪章6. Model Parliament 模范会议7. Stonehenge巨石阵8. King Arthur 亚瑟王9. Vikings 维京人/北欧海盗10. the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集11. Danelaw丹麦法律施行区12. Picts皮克特人13. Julius Caesar 尤里乌斯凯撒/ 凯撒大帝19. Hadrian’s Wall哈德良长城20. Robin Hood罗宾汉IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. King Alfred a. itinerant justices2. knights b. the Father of British Navy3. Prince of Wales c. heir to the English throne4. circuit judges d. sworn men5. Witan e. wise men(1-b 2-d 3-c 4-a 5-e )V. True or False1. The Celts laid the foundations of the English state.2. Old English originated in Normandy.3. The Norman Conquest strengthened the cultural connection between the Anglo-Saxons and their relatives in north Europe.4. The Norman cavalry defeated the Anglo-Saxon troop at Hastings.5. The bi-linguistic period in English history drew to an end by the late 18th century.(1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)Section 4 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois RevolutionI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. _______ launched the Hundred Years’ War.A. Edward ⅠB. Edward ⅡC. Edward ⅢD. Henry Ⅲ2. War of Roses were fought _____ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to 1485.A. constantlyB. irregularlyC. continuouslyD. intermittently3. The House of Tudor was founded in _______.A. 1455B. 1465C. 1475D. 14854. The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th5. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages had cared about.B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.6. The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne.A. Charles ⅠB. Charles ⅡC. James ⅡD. William of OrangeKeys: 1.C 2.D 3.D 4. C 5.A 6. DII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Puritan 清教徒2. The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战3. Short Parliament 短期议会4. Long Parliament 长期议会5. Black Death 黑死病6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟7. “Glorious R evolution” 光荣革命8. the Wars of Roses 玫瑰战争9. humanism 人文主义10. Renaissance文艺复兴IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1.Armada a. flower of the feudalism2.knights b. peasant leader3.Watt Tyler c. state church4.Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy5.Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet6.Established religion f. Protestant ideology(1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c)V. True or False1.Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.2.The Hundred Yea r’s War continued without interruption for more than 100 years.3.The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.4.The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in Englishhistory.5.Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy.(1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist MovementⅠ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal-miningD. ship-building2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt3. The author of Wealth of Nations is .A. Adam SmithB. David RichardoC. Thomas MalthusD. Robert OwenKeys: 1.B 2.A 3.AII Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A.Column A Column B1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the “Spinning Jenny”4. b James Watt d. the power loomIII. Key Terms:1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋（1605年英国天主教徒在国会地下室放置炸药企图炸死国王）2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说3. Origin of Species 物种起源IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution2. Darwin B. Lord Protector3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists(1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)Section 6 The British Empire and British ImperialismWhat wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking. In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China.Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The first British colony was .A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.A. PekingB. NankingC. TientsinD. Canton3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ?A. foreign territorial expansionB. export of capitalC. free competitionD. monopoly4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ?A. GermanyB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. Italy5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?A. 1939B. 1940C. 1941D.19428. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of .A. the slow development of the British economyB. the high inflationC. the high rate of unemploymentD. the high rate of taxes9. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950B. 1954C. 1972D. 1997Keys: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.CII．Translate the following into Chinese1. the Treaty of Nanking 南京条约2. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦3. tobacco plantations 烟草种植园4. Opium War 鸦片战争5. BBC 英国广播公司6. carefree lifestyle 无忧无虑的生活方式III．True or False1. During the Second World War more than 4.5 million people were sent to fight overseas.2.Under the leadership of Tony Blair, the Labor Party promised to turn Britain into a socialist state.3.After the loss of Egypt and the Suez Canal, people no longer regarded Britain as a great power.4.The Second World War turned Britain into a creditor nation.5.The British voters deserted Churchill because they wanted to put the war behind them.(1.T 2. F(He abandoned the idea) 3. T 4. F(a debtor nation) 5. T)Part 2 Political System and Economy of UKSection 1 Parliament and GovernmentI．What power does the Queen have theoretically? Why is it said she has no real power at all in reality?The queen has all the power: she is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to all laws; she may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments; she is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the temporal head of the church of England; she also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges, officers of the armed forces, governors, bishops and diplomats. It is the monarch who has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war upon and make peace with other nations.II. Choose the correct answers.1. Which of the following is NOT true of British political system?A. Britain has no codified constitution.B. Britain is a federal state.C. Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.D. British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of________.A. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords3. The British government ministers are responsible to _____ for the work of their department.A. A. the House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the CabinetD. the Privy Council4. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of ________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament5. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden ________.A. to be voters at electionsB. to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changesD. to compete with others for a higher rank Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.BIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. the House of Lords 贵族院, 英国上议院2. the House of Commons 平民院亦称下院3. the Lord Chancellor 大法官4. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部5. the Home Office 内政部6. Mr. speaker 下院议长7. the Cabinet 内阁8. life peers （英）终身贵族（子孙不能承袭的）9.lord temporal [复数]Lords Temporal(英国)上议院的世俗议员(指上议院中非宗教界的议员即非主教或大主教的贵族议员)10.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制度11. law lords英国上议院高级法官12. Buckingham Palace白金汉宫（英国皇宫）13. head of the state国家元首14.lords spiritual （英）上议院神职议员IV. Matching___ 1. the crown a. lower-upper class___ 2. motions b. symbol of supreme executive power___ 3. monarch c. king or queen___ 4. gentry d. proposals of legislation___ 5.Lord of Chancellor e. the opposition___ 6. minority party f. important person(1. b 2. d 3. c 4.a 5.f 6.e)V. True or False1.Most proposals for legislation are put forward by the opposition party2.The British prime minister can select any British citizen for the office of foreign secretary.3.The British supreme court of appeals is the Upper House4.The British House of Lords is composed of three types of peers.5.The queen appoints the leader of the minority party as prime minister.6.The British queen is free to dissolve Parliament.7.British Members of Parliament are selected for a term of five years.Keys:(1. F (by the cabinet) 2. F (select one cabinet member) 3. T4. F (three types of lords)5. F (the leader of majority party)6. F (The queen’s dissolving the Parliament is normally done at the request of PM)7. T)Section 2 Party politics and judiciary1. The Conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since the end of__________.A. the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 1960s2. The general election in Britain is held every ___ years.A. 3B. 4C. 5D.63. The party that has the majority of seats in ____ will form the government in Britain.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the Privy CouncilD. the CabinetKeys；1.C 2.C 3.AII: Key Terms:1 the Conservative Party 保守党2 the Labour Party 工党3. major parties主要政党4. general election 大选5. silence right沉默权6. hung jury 悬而不决的陪审团7. circuit judges巡回法官8. independent candidate独立候选人III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1.constable a. accused2. summary offence b. state-owned3. constituency c. freedom of belief4. defendant d. between the left and the right5. religious freedom e. soliciting votes6. magistrate f. senior lawyer7. nationalized g. electoral district8. political center h. petty offence9. barrister i. police officer10. canvassing j. Justice of the Peace（1--i 2--h 3--g 4--a 5--c 6--j 7--b 8--d 9--f 10--e ）IV. True or False.1. Political questions are dealt with by law courts in Britain.2. To protect its national independence, Britain puts its national law above the European Union law.3. Britain is the first country t institute jury trial.4. Nearly all the British voters regard their local candidates as independent candidates.（1.F 2. F 3. T 4. F）Section 3 Economy and CitiesI. Key Terms1. visible trade有形贸易2. invisible trade 无形贸易3. Poets' Corner诗人角4. denationalization 非国有化5. value added tax增值税6. West End伦敦西区ernment subsidies 政府补贴II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Adam Smith a. famous car maker2. Rolls Royce b. mail marketing3. junk mail c. center of electronic industry4. Silicon Glen d. privatization5. denationalization e. center of newspaper industry6. Fleet Street f. author of the Wealth of Nations(1-f 2--a 3--b 4--c 5--d 6--e)Part III. True or False.1. Britain is fully self-sufficient in food grain.2. Britain has unfavorable conditions for agricultural development.3. Today many British shipping firms operate under foreign flags to reduce cost money.4. British agriculture is labor-intensive.5. British farms employ more than 10% of the nation's total population.(1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.F)Part 3 Society and Culture of UKI. Key terms1.stocks and bonds 股票及债券2. nuclear family 核心家庭；基本家庭3.afternoon tea 下午茶4. independent schools 私立学校5. Oxbridge牛津和剑桥大学6. the Middle Ages 中世纪，中古时期7. inheritance taxes遗产税，继承税II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. English gentleman A. children’s d uty to parents2. filial piety B. discoverer of law of motion3. Issac Newton C. public examinations4. eleven plus D. public school5. Eton College E. patterns of behavior and thinking(1. E 2.A 3. B 4. C 5.D)III. True of False1. According to British tradition, the bond of marriage is stronger than any previous family bonds.2. In English history a married woman’s legal existence was suspended during marriage.3. English people like to drink coffee just as Americans do.4. Students in English public schools are free to wear the low-waist jeans on the campus.5. English public schools stress the importance cultivating obedience.(1. T 2. T 3. F (they prefer tea) 4. F (they are forbidden to wear those jeans) 5. T)Understanding the United StatesPart 1 GeographySection 1 The LandI. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.A. northernB. southernC. centralD. eastern2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.A. thirdB. forthC. fifthD. sixth3._____ is the largest state of the United States in area.A. HawaiiB. TexasC. AlaskaD. Pennsylvania4. River _______ flows through New York City.A. MissouriB. St. LawrenceC. ColoradoD. Hudson5. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake _______ is wholly within the US.A. SuperiorB. MichiganC. HuronD. Erie6. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between_________.A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie.C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.D. Lake Superior and Lake MichiganKeys:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.CII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Alaska: 阿拉斯加2. the Mississippi River: 密西西比河3.the Hudson River: 哈德逊河4.“Gold Rush”: 淘金热5.Hawaii: 夏威夷6.the “Motor City”: 汽车城7. Continental climate 大陆性气候8.the Appalachian Mountains: 阿巴拉契亚山9. Statue of Liberty 自由女神像10.Niagara Falls: 尼亚加拉瀑布11. Bering Strait 白令海峡12. Silicon Valley 硅谷13. Grand Canyon 大峡谷III. Match the names of states in Colum A with their major features in Colum B.Colum A Colum Bc 1.Washington a. the leading state in the production of coal__d _ 2.Texas b. the leading state in the production of copper__b _ 3.Arizona c. the leading state in growth of trees of commercial value __a _ 4.Pennsylvania d. the leading state in the production of oilIV. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B.Column A Column B.1. __c_ Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US2. _ d _ New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US3. __a _ Chicago c. the seat of the federal government4. __b _ Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. “Space City, USA”6. __h _ Detroit f. the largest leather, shoe and wool market7. __e _ Houston g. the seat of the Continental Congress8. __j San Francisco h. “Motor City ,USA”9. _ f__ Boston i. one of Americans top steel-making areas10. I__Pittsburgh j. the city that has the largest ChinatownV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Old Man River a. steel-making center2. American Ruhr b. America’s national bird3. Pittsburgh c. ice box4. Bald eagle d. Ohio River5. Alaska e. Life on the Mississippi6. Mark Twain f. Mississippi(1f 2d 3a 4b 5c 6e)VI. True or False1. The central part of the United States is composed of big mountains.2. The Niagara Falls is situated on the Mississippi River.3. The Great Plains covers a distance of about 640 kilometers from east to west.(1F 2F 3F)Section 2 The PeopleⅠ.Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is ____.A. the Black peopleB. WASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics2. The ____ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.A. American IndiansB. HispanicsC. BlackD. Asian Americans3. The _ _are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. non-WASPsD. Asians4. The state of ___ is the largest in population today.A. New YorkB. ColoradoC. ArizonaD. California5. Hispanics in the US speak _____A. EnglishB. SpanishC. FrenchD. their native languages6. ____ outnumber other religious groups in the United States.A. MethodistsB. CongregationalistsC. QuakersD. ProtestantsKeys: 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.DII. Match the names of the ethnic or racial groups with the percentage of the total population they make up at present in the United States.1. _b__ American Indians a. 70%2. _a__ White people b. 0.9%3. _c__ Black people c. 12.8%4. _d__ Hispanics d. 12.3%5. _e _ Asian American e. 3.5%III Translate the following into Chinese.1.melting pot: 大熔炉2.W ASPs: 白人盎格鲁.撒克逊新教徒3.Hispanics 说西班牙语的人/拉丁美洲人4. Religious persecution 宗教迫害5. inheritance tax 遗产税6. Racial segregation 种族隔离7. White supremacist白人至上主义者IV. True or False.1. The US population has been characterized by the lack of multiplicity.2. American families with low income have to live in the suburbs.3. The glue of nationhood for Americans is the American ideal of individual liberty and equal justice.4. The traditional dividing line between the South and the North is the Potomac River.(1F 2F 3T 4T)Part 2 HistorySection 1 The Early Colonization1. Who were Puritans? Which of the 13 colonies did Puritans set up?A: Puritans are who represented the rising bourgeoisie of the time and wished to “purify”(使纯净) the Church of England, the established church, with the King as its head.The 13 colonies are: Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, New Netherland, Pennsylvania, and New England.I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. Christopher Columbus was a(n) _ navigator .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. ItalianD. Spanish2. The New World discovered by Columbus was named after .A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Marco Polo3. The earliest British settlement on North America was .A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. QuebecD. St. Louis4. The Puritans’ first settlement on North America was .A. JamestownB. PlymouthC. New OrleansD. VirginiaKeys: 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.BII. Translate the following into Chinese.1. American Indians 美洲印第安人2.Christopher Columbus 哥伦布3. Mayflower Compact 五月花公约4. Jamestown 詹姆士城5. New England 新英格兰6. self-governing colonies 自治殖民地Section 2 American Revolution1. What important decisions did the Second Continental Congress make?A: One of the first decisions it made was to establish a regular army, with George Washington as commander-in-chief(总司令). On July 4th, 1776, it adopted the Declaration of Independence(独立宣言), which Marx calls the “first declaration of the rights of the individual”.I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it .1. The Second Continental Congress was held in .A. New York CityB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. Valley Forge2. Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence .A. the first decision made by the Second Continental CongressB. the first declaration of the rights of the individualC. the first Bill of RightsD. the first Constitution of the United States3. The Constitutional Convention was held in in May 1787 .A. BostonB. New YorkC. PhiladelphiaD. Washington D. C.Keys: 1.C 2.B 3.CII. Translate the following into Chinese.1.the Stamp Act 印花税法2. the Sugar Act 糖税法3.Boston Massacre 波士顿屠杀案4. Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件5.the Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议6. the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言7. Bill of Rights 人权法案8. Slave trade 奴隶贸易9. plantation economy 种植园经济III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1) Indians a. popular American song2) Pilgrims b. opponents of independence3) Hawthorne c. total authority4) Yankee Doodle d. Toltec civilization5) Thomas Paine e. human rights6) loyalists f. Forefathers7) absolute powers g. Common Sense8) unalienable rights h. The Scarlet Letter(1. d 2. f 3. h 4. a 5. g 6. b 7. c 8. e)IV. True or False.1. The Indians were nomadic hunters on horseback before the European came.2. The ship known as the Mayflower carried the first group of 102 Separatists into New England in 1620.3. The Articles of Confederation established a Congress in which each state had one vote.(1. F 2. T 3. T)Section 3 American Civil War1. Interpret the cause of the American civil war in terms of economy.A: The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction(约束,限制) of slaveryas well as its expanding territory so as to provide capitalist production with raw materials(原材料),。