英美概况 英国和美国习题

美国概况练习题：1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C．San Francisco D ．New York City 2．_____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A．Blacks B ．Hispanics C．Indians D．Asian Americans3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.A．the U.S. President George Washington B ．Christopher ColumbusC ．both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD ．none of them4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A．varieties B．elements C．parts D．form5．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A ．Thomas Jefferson B．James Monroe C．James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A．Rhode Island B ．Virginia C．Texas D ．Montana7．The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A．the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack 8．The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A ．contribution a state has made to the nation B．Population C．sizeD．none of the above9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A．the Amazon River B．the Mississippi River C．the Nile River D．the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A．France B．Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain练习题答案及题解:1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

美国概况练习I. Term explanation1. The War of Independence(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3) In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4) In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at Y ork Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2. Boston Tea Party(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists. (2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3. the First Continental Congress(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders. They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4. The Declaration of Independence(1) The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights. (2) Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence. It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights. It declared that all men were equal and they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. (3) The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy. (4) The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor. More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5. American Constitution(1) The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world. (2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government. It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6. The Bill of Rights (USA)(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made. This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”. (2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of individuals.7. The New Deal(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2) Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA (The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8. The Great Depression(1) On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New Y ork Stock Exchange. Share and other security prices collapsed. (2) By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed. Industrial production was cut in half. Farm inc ome had fallen b y more than half. Wages had decreased 60 percent. New investment was down 90 percent. As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed. (3) Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy. (4) Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II. Please answer the following questions briefly.1. What are the four crown colonies during America colonization? (T extbook: Page 152.)2. What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America? (T extbook: Page 158-160)3. What are he four causes for American Civil War? (T extbook: Page 167-170)4. What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal? (T extbook: Page 187-188)5. What are the five fundamental features of American political system? (T extbook: Page 209)6. What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution? (T extbook: Page 210)7. What are the five constitutional roles of American president? (T extbook: Page 213)8. What are the three important characteristics of American economic system? (T extbook: Page 228)。

英美概况复习题1答案
1. 英国的首都是哪里？
答案：伦敦。

2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。

3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。

4. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。

5. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。

6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？
答案：第四。

7. 英国的国王或女王的正式称呼是什么？
答案：君主。

8. 美国的宪法有多少条修正案？
答案：27条。

9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。

答案：玫瑰。

11. 英国的议会由哪两院组成？
答案：上议院和下议院。

12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。

13. 英国的国歌名是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。

14. 美国的人口在世界上排名第几？答案：第三。

15. 英国的国旗由哪几种颜色组成？答案：蓝色、白色和红色。

16. 美国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：华盛顿特区。

17. 英国的国教是什么？
答案：英国国教。

18. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。

19. 英国的君主制是哪种类型？
答案：立宪君主制。

答案：《星条旗》。

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。

英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。

第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。

课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。

2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。

第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。

2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。

第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。

答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。

保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。

2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。

第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。

2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。

结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。

本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。

大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。

UK I1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?•the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandits short term :UK: the United Kingdom2.What are the other names?•Great Britain ,its short term: G.B. GBBritain, England,3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?Great Britain and Ireland4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?Britain: England, Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland5.What’s its respective capital（首府）?•England: LondonScotland: EdinburghWales：CardiffNorthern Ireland: Belfast.6.What’s the national anthem?God Save the Queen/King7.What’s its national flower?Rose8.What’s its national flag?The Union Jack9.What’s its nickname?J o h n B u l l.UK 21.What kind of country is Britain in terms of its geographical feature?2.Which river is most important in Britain?3.Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?4.What’s the climate like in Britain? Why do British people talk about weather veryoften?5.What are the symbols of England?6.Can you list some landmarks of London?7.What are the symbols of Scotland?Keys:• 1. An island country• 2. The Thames River• 3. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea inthe east.• 4. Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That’s why British people talk about weather a lot.• 5. The royal policeman, Royal Coat of Arms(皇家徽章), Black Taxi, Foot Guard, Life Guard, Double Decker Bus ,Union Flag , Big Ben• 6. Tower of London, London Eye, the Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge•7. Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan, Whiskey, Bagpipe, golf UK 31.Tell some symbols of Wales?2.Tell some symbols of Northern Ireland?3.Talk about some famous people in different parts of UK.4.The British are mainly made up of _____, ____, _____, and ____.5.Describe the character of the British people briefly.6.Who are the ancestors of the English and who are the ancestors of Scots, Welshand Irish?7.How many stages are British history divided into during the formation of the nation?How long is it?8.What are the stages specifically?9.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ________.10.Christianity was first brought to England by ________.Keys:● 1. Saint David, Cardiff, Prince of Wales, Eisteddfoudau, Castles● 2. The Lough Neagh, The Giant’s Causeway● 3. William Shakespeare William WordsworthRobert Burns Catherine Zeta-Jones William Butler Yeats Seamus Heaney● 4. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland● 5. They are generally reserved /conservative in manners, dress and speech. Theyare famous for their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense ofhumour.6.The ancestors of the English are Anglo-saxonswhile the ancestors of the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish are Celts7. 5 stages.I. Prehistoric Britain 5000 BC (the early settlers of Britain---the Iberian )II. Roman Britain 43 ADIII. Anglo Saxon Britain 450IV. Viking and Danish Britain 793V. Medieval Britain/The Norman Conquest 10668.This period of history covers over 6000 years long. That is, from 5000 BC to 1066AD.9.Iberians10.RomansUK 41. The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ____. Iberians2. Christianity was first brought to England by ________. The Romans3. Who were the invaders during the fifth century?The Angles and the Saxons4.Do you know the Norman conqueror’s name?William the Norman5. The Parliament became a regular agency of the government under ________.Edward I6.Why was the War of Roses so called?Because the war was between he Lancastrians, whose symbol was a red rose, and the Yorkists, whose symbol was a white rose.7. Why was “Glorious Revolution” so called?The revolution (1688) was glorious because it was bloodless.8. Who was the first prime minister in English history?Sir Robert WalpoleUK 5• 1. What is the basis of the British government?• 2. Who is the head of the country?• 3. Who is the present sovereign of the UK?• 4. How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they?• 5.What is the president of the House of Lords called?• 6. What are the two major parties?•7. Who presides the cabinet?•8. Who has the real power in the country?•9. Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?•10. Where does the Prime Minister live and work?•Keys:• 1. constitutional monarchy• 2. a queen or a king• 3. Elizabeth II• 4. Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Lords, the House of Commons• 5. Lord Chancellor• 6. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party•7. the Prime Minister•8. the Prime Minister•9. David Cameron•10. No.10, Downing StreetUS 1•. How do you know about the different names of USA?• 2. What’s its national flag?• 3.How do you know the meaning of its national flag?• 4. What’s the nickname of American people?• 5. What’s its national anthem(国歌)?• 6. There are many things that symbolize American culture, could you say some of them? No less than 10 itemsKeys:1.the United States of America;US; U.S. USA; U.S.A2.The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, The Starry Banner3.The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States ofAmerica. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union.4.Uncle Sam5.The Star-Spangled Banner 《星条旗永不落》US 21.Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary ?2.How large is it?3.What’s its rank respectively all over the world concerning to its area and population?4.How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?5.And which two states are geographically separated from the other?6.What is the capital of the US?Can you say some of itstourist attractions? 4 or more7. 2 of the most important mountains of the US are__________ and ________.8.“Father of Waters” refers to __________ River.9.The _______ River has been called the American Ruhr(德国鲁尔河) .10.______ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.The Rio Grande River(格兰德河) The Mississippi RiverThe Ohio River The Columbia River11.The 5 Great Lakes are_______, ______, _________, ________ and _______.12.How many geographical regions is it divided into?13.What are the major cities in USA?Keys:1. The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states. The Continental United States stretches 4,500km from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the westIt borders_Canada on the north and reaches south to Mexico and Gulf of Mexico2. The U. S has a land area of 9. 3 million square kilometres.3. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia，Canada and China.It is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.4. 485.Alaska and Hawaii6. Washington D.C.U.S. Capitol, Washington Monument, Civil War Memorial; Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial7. Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains8. “Father of Waters” refers to the Mississippi River.9. The Ohio River has been called the American Ruhr .10. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the UnitedStates.11. The 5 Great Lakes are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.. 12. It is divided into 7 geographical regions.1) New England 新英格兰地区2) Atlantic and Gulf Coast Plain大西洋和海湾平原3)Appalachian Mountain Belt阿帕拉契山区4)Interior Lowlands沿岸低地5)Rocky Mountain Belt落基山区6)Southwest西南地区7)Pacific Coast太平洋海岸地区14.New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Houston, Boston, DetroitUS31.What’s the climate like in USA?2.Why is USA called a melting pot?3.Why is USA called a nation on wheels?4.What are American people like in terms of the character? who’s who 名人录in America (presidents, writers, scientists, actors oractress and so on. )Keys1．4 kinds of climate on the continental USA1）The north-eastern part of the country has a humid continental climate（湿润的大陆性气候）.2）The south-eastern United States has a humid subtropical climate. （湿润的亚热带气候）3）The Pacific northwest has a maritime climate海洋性气候)4）The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a Mediterranean climate （地中海式气候）with warm, dry summers and moist winters.2. The melting pot means that people with different cultural and ethnical backgroundsimmigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today.3. Cars are an important part of life in the United States. The car made the United Statesa nation on wheels. 1 in 5 Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new jobopportunity, a better climate of other goals.4. American characterrespect of individual rightsreligious tolerancea strong spirit of individual enterpriseUS 3• 1. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.• 1. England / the Netherlands• 2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.• 2. black slaves• 3. According to American historians and specialists in demography人口学, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.• 3. four4. In ______, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called ______.4. 1620, Mayflower5. Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, ______5. White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.US 41. The inhabitants prior to the arrival of the Europeans are now called____________. Native Americans2.____________________________________ is commonly regarded as the discoverer of America. Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator3. The first successful English settlement in America was ____________ in 1607. Jamestown4.On ____________, in the Second Continental congress, ___________________________ was declared, which was primarily written by ______________-___.July4, 1776, The Declaration of Independence,Thomas Jefferson5. The first president of the United States was _________________ under the new US Constitution. George Washington6. In 1803, the United States paid $15 million to buy 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi from France, this is called _____________. Louisiana Purchase7. In the year _______, after ______________ was elected President, the South seceded to establish a rebel government, _______________. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, The Confederate States of America8. The _________________ was the beginning of the __________________ in the late 1920s and 1930s. President Roosevelt’s (FDR) _______ measures was to ________________________.stock market crash, Great Depression, New Deal, save American democracy and the capital system9.The United States declared war against Japan after its surprise attack on____________-_ on December 7,1941.Pearl Harbor10. The United States dropped two atomic bombs on ________ and Nagasaki in August 1945, thus hastened the unconditional surrender of Japan.Hiroshima11. After WWII, the United States became one of the two dominant_____________, and the _____________ began.Superpowers, Cold WarUS 51.W h a t i s c a l l e d f e d e r a l i s m?T h e d i v i s i o n o f p o w e r b y a c o n s t i t u t i o n b e t w e e n t h e c e n t r a l g o v e r n m e n t a n d s t a t eg o v e r n m e n t.2.W h a t i s S e p a r a t i o n o f P o w e r s?I t m e a n s c o n s t i t u t i o n a l d i v i s i o n o f p o w e r s a m o n g t h e l e g i s l a t i v e,e x e c u t i v e a n d j u d i c i a lb r a nc h e s.3.C a n y o u t e l l t h e t w o h o u s e s t h a t m a k e u p t h e A m e r i c a n C o n g r e s s?H o w m a n ym e m b e r s i n e a c h h o u s e?T h e H o u s e o f R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s(435m e m b e r s)a n d t h e S e n a t e(100m e m b e r s)m a k e u p t h e U S C o n g r e s s(l e g i s l a t u r e).4.T e l l t h e t w o m a j o r p a r t i e s i n t h e U.S.a n d t h e i r s y m b o l s.D e m o c r a t s&R e p u b l i c a n sD e m o c r a t s–d o n k e yR e p u b l i c a n s–e l e p h a n t5.W h a t i s a n e l e c t o r a l c o l l e g e?A g r o u p o f p e o p l e(e l e c t o r s)c h o s e n f r o m e a c h s t a t e a n d D.C.t o f o r m a l l y e l e c t t h e P r e s i d e n t a n d V i c e P r e s i d e n t.6.W h i c h p r e s i d e n t a b o l i s h e d s l a v e r y i n h i s t e n u r e?T h e16t hp r e s i d e n t--A b r a h a m L i n c o l n.7.W h o i s t h e o n l y p r e s i d e n t s e r v i n g m o r e t h a n t w o t e r m s i n A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y?F r a n k l i n R o o s e v e l t.8.W h o i s t h e f i r s t b l a c k A m e r i c a n p r e s i d e n t?B a r a c k O b a m aU K L I t e r a t u r e1. Who is the greatest dramatist in English history? List at least four of his major works.William ShakespeareThe Merchant of V enice; Hamlet; Othello; KingLear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet…2. Which play is regarded as a milestone inShakespeare’s dramatic development? “To beor not to be: that is the question”is the line inthe play.Hamlet3. What makes Shakespeare so famous?His great understanding of human nature and hisability to find universal human qualities and to putthem in dramatic situations.4. What makes a play a masterpiece?The ideas behind the play are about problems whichare still important to people of different ages inmodern times.US LIterautre1. What do you know about some important writers inAmerican literature? List at least four.Mark Twain; Earnest Hemingway; Irvin Shaw; O’Neil2.List some masterpieces of Mark Twain and Earnest Hemingway.Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ,Earnest Hemingway: The Old and the Sea, The Sun Also rises。

英语国家概况课后题摘要：一、英语国家概况概述1.英美两国的历史背景2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度二、英国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点三、美国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点正文：一、英语国家概况概述英语国家概况主要涉及英国和美国两个国家。

这两个国家具有深厚的历史背景，独特的地理位置和气候特点，以及各自的政治体制和社会制度。

在这部分，我们将对这两个国家进行简要的概述。

二、英国概况英国，全名“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”，位于欧洲西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个部分组成。

英国是一个具有君主立宪制政体的国家，现任君主是伊丽莎白二世女王。

英国气候多样，但总体上属于海洋性气候，四季分明。

英国的经济以服务业为主，特别是金融、教育、旅游等产业具有较高地位。

在文化教育方面，英国拥有世界一流的大学，如牛津、剑桥等，吸引了全球众多学子前来求学。

著名旅游景点包括白金汉宫、大本钟、伦敦塔桥等。

三、美国概况美国，全名“美利坚合众国”，位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。

美国是一个民主共和制国家，实行总统制。

美国的气候同样多样，但大部分地区属于温带大陆性气候。

美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有高度发达的工业、农业和服务业。

美国在科技、金融、航空航天等领域具有领先地位。

在文化教育方面，美国拥有众多世界顶级大学，如哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福等。

著名旅游景点包括自由女神像、大峡谷、黄石国家公园等。

以上就是对英国和美国这两个英语国家的概况介绍。

英美概况面试题及答案高中问题一：英国的首都是什么？英国的官方语言是什么？答案：英国的首都是伦敦。

英国的官方语言是英语。

问题二：请简述美国的独立日是哪一天，并解释其意义。

答案：美国的独立日是7月4日，这一天是为了纪念1776年《独立宣言》的签署，标志着美国从大不列颠的统治下独立出来。

问题三：英国和美国在政治体制上有何不同？答案：英国是一个君主立宪制国家，拥有女王作为国家元首，而实际政治权力由首相和议会掌握。

美国则是一个联邦制国家，实行总统制，总统既是国家元首也是政府首脑。

问题四：请列举至少三个英国和美国在文化上的不同点。

答案：英国和美国在文化上的不同点包括：1) 饮食习惯，例如英国人喜欢下午茶，而美国人更倾向于快餐文化；2) 教育体系，英国的教育体系较为传统，注重学术研究，而美国的教育体系更注重实践和创新；3) 社会礼仪，英国人通常比较保守和讲究礼仪，而美国人则更加随意和直接。

问题五：英国的“脱欧”对英国和欧盟有什么影响？答案：“脱欧”指的是英国退出欧盟。

这一事件对英国意味着需要重新建立与欧盟的贸易关系，同时也可能影响英国的国际地位和经济。

对欧盟而言，英国的退出可能会削弱其整体经济实力和政治影响力。

问题六：美国历史上有哪些重要的移民潮？这些移民潮对美国的发展有何影响？答案：美国历史上重要的移民潮包括19世纪的爱尔兰和德国移民潮，以及20世纪的拉丁美洲和亚洲移民潮。

这些移民潮极大地丰富了美国的多元文化，促进了社会和经济的发展，同时也带来了一些社会问题，如文化融合和就业竞争。

问题七：请简述英国的工业革命对世界历史的影响。

答案：英国的工业革命是18世纪末到19世纪初的一场重大社会经济变革，它标志着从手工劳动向机械化生产的转变。

工业革命极大地提高了生产效率，促进了城市化，改变了人们的生活方式，并对全球经济和社会发展产生了深远影响。

问题八：美国的文化多元性是如何形成的？答案：美国的文化多元性主要是由其历史上的大规模移民潮形成的。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）==================================================== PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain, Ireland, the Isleof Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands, the Isle of Wight, and manyother smaller surrounding islands. There are two countries located on the islands:the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3.T4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Wales was alreadyunited with England and was therefore represented by the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usually only the first verseis sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 7.83 million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest part of Britain isabout 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as 434 kilometers(270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409 feet) above sealevel.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such as sand and gravel,limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay, limestone,gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition from cheaperoverseas producers, and by changes in government policy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4.44. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of the weatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about4.4°C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1.England, Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does not form part of theUK itself; a crown dependency is also under sovereignty of the UK but has adifferent constitutional relationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. 80.05, 77.95, 82.253. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease in deaths; 2) theincrease in net international migration to the UK; and 3) the increase in lifeexpectancy.3. It is 0.6 percent.4. It is 2.6 migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2. 92.13. 8%4. 0.45. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, the four countriesthemselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in the UK, such asWelsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade andtechnology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary, grammar andspelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact that Britain is anisland isolated from the European Continent and its weather is frequentlychanging.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soon as possible. Itoften takes place in London annually on the second Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church, sharing mealswith family and friends, waiting for Father Christmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed during the two WorldWars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upper classes. Now horsingracing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathy for the deprived,to cleanse the body and mind, to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty, todemonstrate the depth of one's commitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden (performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking at forbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Service3.the retirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5.FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2.D3. D4. D (40改成47)5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival of SpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is the oldest footballcompetition in the world, founded in 1872. It's the competition that provides theopportunity for small, part-time clubs to potentially go head to head with the bigclubs of the Premiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information, the interests ofthe public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3.F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide people with theinteractive platforms, and people can use it to do digital marketing, e-commerce,management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking, WinstonChurchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for his research into theorigin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang andblack hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Minister who ledBritain to victory in World War Two. He worked tirelessly throughout the war,building strong relations with US President Roosevelt while maintaining asometimes difficult alliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around 600 BC; thesecond wave was the Britons who came around 400 BC, and the third wave wasthe Belgae who came around 150 BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began toarrive in Britain at about 700 BC and kept coming until the arrival of theRomans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly, Roman troopswere often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources, minin g lead, ironand tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3.T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia andNorth Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the names ofthe gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion: Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king ofheaven, Thor, the god of storms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, orsheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised thenarrow-strip, three-field farming system in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly,they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan toadvise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religious man andwould often go to church and confess to sins. The title "confessor" alsodistinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr (c962-979). Edward was latermade a saint, due to his building of Westminster Abbey and efforts in otherchurches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdomwith a feudal system based on land ownership by a hereditary aristocracy thatowed its position - and therefore lands and loyalty - to a strong central authoritywith a hereditary succession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights, language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke of Normandy, and twobrothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith, and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William the Conqueror and theNormans following the defeat of the English Anglo Saxons at the Battle ofHastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by King John of England atRunnymede in the English county of Surrey under compulsion from the churchand his barons on 15 June 1215. The charter was reissued later for several timesin modified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions, including themost direct challenges to the monarch's authority, which had a huge influenceon the developing legal system of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their variousallies for control of the French throne. It was the result of a dynasticdisagreement dating back to William the Conqueror who became King ofEngland in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy. As dukes of Normandyand other lands on the continent, the English kings owed homage to the Kingof France. In 1337 Edward III of England refused to pay homage to Philip VIof France, leading the French king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands inAquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonly divided intothree phases. First, the English won a great naval victory at Sluys in 1340, thenan equally decisive land battle near Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the Englishwent on to take Calais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemic diseases in humanhistory, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1349, and killing nearly half ofEurope’s population. Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have startedin Asia. It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea by 1346.From there, it was probably carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black ratsthat were regular passengers on merchant ships. All in all, the plague reducedthe world population from an estimated 450 million to a number between 350and 375 million in the 14th century. Moreover, the impact of the Black Deathupon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country.The Black Death has been seen as creating a series of religious, social andeconomic upheavals which changed the face of the English society in aprofound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processesthat occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines,new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiencyof water power, the increasing use of steam power and development of machinetools. The transition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels tocoal. The Industrial revolution began in England and within a few decadesspread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; theappearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic andforeign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700s to themid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor.The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as the development of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution are complicated and remaina topic for debate. The reference answer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolution improved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + more transportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants now needed work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways andopportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steam engine andtransportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissez faire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable governmen t—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportatio n—faster, cheaper-Long distance communication s—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be mad e—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working condition s—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New invention s—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children alsolabored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flocked to cities to workin factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around the world-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrial working classesemerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system of manufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and social reform in Britainduring the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and1848, the Chartist Movement urged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Ofthese, the best known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although anumber of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10thApril 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achievedgreat prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of theauthorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year.2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament.The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributedparliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote tomany householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The NewPoor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving themsufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’sCharter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although thesixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the firstbroad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism.-Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideological aims ofChartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangible benefits attractedchartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperity eliminated masssupport.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous after KenningtonCommon, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmented the apparent unityof the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. 22.5 million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, theheir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by a Yugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo,Bosnia was the spark of the war. It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against theKingdom of Serbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; via their colonies, theconflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of the Entente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to war early in August1914 and fought for the entire duration of the war.3.World War Two began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared waron Germany following Germany's invasion of Poland. Although the outbreak of。

一练习题答案及题解:2 C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。

3 A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。

4 C, 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。

她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。

其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。

在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。

她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。

5 B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。

6 C, 《观察家报》创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。

7 B, 据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者Benjamin Hall。

8 B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。

首府：加的夫。

9 A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。

10 C, 英国奉行的是两党制。

其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。

二I. 1-5 BBBCA 6-10 ADBDA 11-15 BABBA 16-20 AACBA 21-25 AAACC 26-30CBAAB 31-35 BACBA 36-40 ABBCB 41-45 AAABC 46-50 ABBBB 51-55 ABABA56-60 CBABC 61-65 BAABB 66-70 CCAAC 71-74 ABBC1. II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyler’s2. Lancasterians, Y orkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris T ory, Whig universal suffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolation Settlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act ofSupremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinet三CABBB CAABA ABABA BA BBBA B1. Queen Elizabeth II 1952 Prime Minister Crown Crown, Lords, Commons Parliament Queen 13th Commons finance Upper Westminster Palace 1911, 1949 constituencies President of the Chamber Government, Opposition Privy Council No. 10 Downing Street executive, clerical parishes chairman borough, city Conservative, Liberal loyalists, Parliament Men Conservative, Whig grants 5 18 Returning Officer 651 Lords Criminal jury 15, 12 Court, Bar Home Secretary Scotland Yard四DCBAA CAAAB ABBBB ABABD ACACBCBBCD BADAA CBABA CBD Northwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, Welsh England London Northern Ireland 1921 Ben Nevis Pennines NorthSea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 1850 1694 57 manufacture Irish Welsh English dark Scots, Irish Welsh Inner, 20 Edinburgh God Save the Queen North West Clyde England Thames Cardiff coal五1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A六5月31日对答案到此1----5 A C C D B 46-50 B A B C D 51-55 B B A A B6----10 C D B B C 56-60 A B B C C11---15 D D C C C 61-65 D A C C A16---20 B A B B C 66-70 D C B A D21—25 B B C C C 71—75 C B D C C 26—30 B D B C C 76—80 A D D B B31---35 C C C C D 81—85 B A C C D 36—40 C D C B C 86—90 B A D C D 41—45 A C D B七1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. D61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. D八练习题答案及题解1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。

构
阐述美国经济制度的基础，如市 场经济、私有制等，以及产业结 构的现状与特点。
社会问题与挑战
探讨美国当前面临的社会问题， 如种族不平等、贫困、犯罪等， 以及政府和社会如何应对这些挑 战。
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课后习题详解：美国部分
1
简答题
回答关于美国历史、文化、社会等方面的 简答题，如“简述美国独立战争的背景和 结果”、“分析个人主义在美国文化中的 地位和影响”等。
阐述美国多元文化的特点，以及不同民族在美国社会中的融合过 程。
实用主义与创新精神
探讨实用主义哲学对美国文化的影响，以及创新精神在美国科技、 经济等领域中的体现。
14
美国社会现状与特点
政治体制与权力结
构
分析美国政治体制的特点，包括 总统制、三权分立等，以及权力 结构中的利益集团、政党等因素。
经济制度与产业结
英美在国际事务中的影响力 分析英美在国际组织、全球治理等方面的作用和影响力。
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英美外交政策的异同点 比较英美在外交政策制定和实施上的相似性和差异性。
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课后习题详解：政治制度与外交关系部分
习题一
解释英国君主立宪制的基本原则和特 点。
习题二
分析美国总统制与英国君主立宪制的 异同点。
2024/3/24
过去几十年来，英美两国在文化领域的 交流活动不断增多。例如，英国皇家莎 士比亚剧团和美国百老汇的戏剧合作、 英国国家美术馆和美国大都会艺术博物 馆的艺术交流等。这些活动为两国人民 提供了更多了解和欣赏对方文化的机会。
随着全球化的深入发展，英美两国之间 的文化交流将继续加强。未来，两国可 以在数字创意产业、影视制作、艺术教 育等领域开展更多合作，共同推动世界 文化的繁荣和发展。

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program cal led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）==================================================== PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain, Ireland, the Isleof Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands, the Isle of Wight, and manyother smaller surrounding islands. There are two countries located on the islands:the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3.T4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Wales was alreadyunited with England and was therefore represented by the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usually only the first verseis sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 7.83 million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest part of Britain isabout 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as 434 kilometers(270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409 feet) above sealevel.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such as sand and gravel,limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay, limestone,gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition from cheaperoverseas producers, and by changes in government policy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4.44. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of the weatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about4.4°C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1.England, Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does not form part of theUK itself; a crown dependency is also under sovereignty of the UK but has adifferent constitutional relationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. 80.05, 77.95, 82.253. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease in deaths; 2) theincrease in net international migration to the UK; and 3) the increase in lifeexpectancy.3. It is 0.6 percent.4. It is 2.6 migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2. 92.13. 8%4. 0.45. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, the four countriesthemselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in the UK, such asWelsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade andtechnology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary, grammar andspelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact that Britain is anisland isolated from the European Continent and its weather is frequentlychanging.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soon as possible. Itoften takes place in London annually on the second Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church, sharing mealswith family and friends, waiting for Father Christmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed during the two WorldWars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upper classes. Now horsingracing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathy for the deprived,to cleanse the body and mind, to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty, todemonstrate the depth of one's commitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden (performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking at forbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Service3.the retirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5.FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2.D3. D4. D (40改成47)5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival of SpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is the oldest footballcompetition in the world, founded in 1872. It's the competition that provides theopportunity for small, part-time clubs to potentially go head to head with the bigclubs of the Premiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information, the interests ofthe public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3.F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide people with theinteractive platforms, and people can use it to do digital marketing, e-commerce,management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking, WinstonChurchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for his research into theorigin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang andblack hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Minister who ledBritain to victory in World War Two. He worked tirelessly throughout the war,building strong relations with US President Roosevelt while maintaining asometimes difficult alliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around 600 BC; thesecond wave was the Britons who came around 400 BC, and the third wave wasthe Belgae who came around 150 BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began toarrive in Britain at about 700 BC and kept coming until the arrival of theRomans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly, Roman troopswere often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources, minin g lead, ironand tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3.T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia andNorth Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the names ofthe gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion: Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king ofheaven, Thor, the god of storms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, orsheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised thenarrow-strip, three-field farming system in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly,they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan toadvise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religious man andwould often go to church and confess to sins. The title "confessor" alsodistinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr (c962-979). Edward was latermade a saint, due to his building of Westminster Abbey and efforts in otherchurches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdomwith a feudal system based on land ownership by a hereditary aristocracy thatowed its position - and therefore lands and loyalty - to a strong central authoritywith a hereditary succession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights, language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke of Normandy, and twobrothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith, and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William the Conqueror and theNormans following the defeat of the English Anglo Saxons at the Battle ofHastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by King John of England atRunnymede in the English county of Surrey under compulsion from the churchand his barons on 15 June 1215. The charter was reissued later for several timesin modified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions, including themost direct challenges to the monarch's authority, which had a huge influenceon the developing legal system of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their variousallies for control of the French throne. It was the result of a dynasticdisagreement dating back to William the Conqueror who became King ofEngland in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy. As dukes of Normandyand other lands on the continent, the English kings owed homage to the Kingof France. In 1337 Edward III of England refused to pay homage to Philip VIof France, leading the French king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands inAquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonly divided intothree phases. First, the English won a great naval victory at Sluys in 1340, thenan equally decisive land battle near Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the Englishwent on to take Calais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemic diseases in humanhistory, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1349, and killing nearly half ofEurope’s population. Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have startedin Asia. It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea by 1346.From there, it was probably carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black ratsthat were regular passengers on merchant ships. All in all, the plague reducedthe world population from an estimated 450 million to a number between 350and 375 million in the 14th century. Moreover, the impact of the Black Deathupon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country.The Black Death has been seen as creating a series of religious, social andeconomic upheavals which changed the face of the English society in aprofound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processesthat occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines,new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiencyof water power, the increasing use of steam power and development of machinetools. The transition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels tocoal. The Industrial revolution began in England and within a few decadesspread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; theappearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic andforeign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700s to themid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor.The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as the development of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution are complicated and remaina topic for debate. The reference answer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolution improved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + more transportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants now needed work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways andopportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steam engine andtransportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissez faire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable governmen t—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportatio n—faster, cheaper-Long distance communication s—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be mad e—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working condition s—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New invention s—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children alsolabored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flocked to cities to workin factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around the world-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrial working classesemerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system of manufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and social reform in Britainduring the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and1848, the Chartist Movement urged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Ofthese, the best known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although anumber of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10thApril 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achievedgreat prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of theauthorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year.2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament.The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributedparliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote tomany householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The NewPoor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving themsufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’sCharter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although thesixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the firstbroad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism.-Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideological aims ofChartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangible benefits attractedchartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperity eliminated masssupport.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous after KenningtonCommon, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmented the apparent unityof the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. 22.5 million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, theheir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by a Yugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo,Bosnia was the spark of the war. It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against theKingdom of Serbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; via their colonies, theconflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of the Entente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to war early in August1914 and fought for the entire duration of the war.3.World War Two began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared waron Germany following Germany's invasion of Poland. Although the outbreak of。

英美概况复习题英美概况复习题一、地理概况英美两国位于北美洲，英国位于欧洲西北部，英国是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家的联合王国，美国则是由50个州组成的联邦共和国。

英国是一个岛国，由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成，美国则是一个大陆国家，横跨北美洲。

英国的首都是伦敦，美国的首都是华盛顿特区。

二、历史概况英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的核心。

英国在16世纪经历了工业革命，成为世界上第一个工业化国家，对世界的政治、经济和文化产生了深远的影响。

美国则是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国殖民地的统治，成立了独立的美利坚合众国。

美国在19世纪经历了西进运动和内战，逐渐成为世界上最强大的国家之一。

三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，但实际上政府的运作主要由首相和议会负责。

英国的议会制度是二院制，由上议院和下议院组成。

美国则是一个总统制国家，国家元首和政府首脑是同一人，即总统。

美国的议会制度是两院制，由参议院和众议院组成。

四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义经济体，以服务业为主导，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。

英国是世界上最大的外汇市场之一，伦敦也是全球金融中心之一。

美国是世界上最大的经济体，以多元化的经济结构闻名，制造业、金融业、科技业等都非常发达。

美国的纽约、洛杉矶等城市也是世界级的金融中心和商业中心。

五、文化概况英国和美国都有丰富的文化遗产。

英国是莎士比亚的故乡，拥有众多文学巨匠，如狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等。

英国的音乐、戏剧和电影产业也非常发达，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等都是英国的文化符号。

美国是好莱坞的发源地，拥有世界上最大的电影产业。

美国的音乐、文学和艺术也非常丰富多样，爵士乐、摇滚乐、现代艺术等都是美国的文化瑰宝。

六、教育体系英国和美国都拥有世界一流的教育体系。

英国的剑桥大学、牛津大学等享有盛誉，被认为是世界上最好的大学之一。

美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等也是世界顶尖的教育机构。

英美概况选择题（含答案）1. What does the term United Kingdom include?A. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandB. England, Scotland and WalesC. England, Scotland and Northern IrelandD. Scotland, Wales and England2. What does the term Great Britain include?A. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandB. England, Scotland and WalesC. England, Scotland and Northern IrelandD. Scotland, Wales and England3. The name England comes fromA. the Roman settlers who lived thereB. a tribe that invaded England after the Romans had leftC. the Celts who lived there before the Romans arrivedD. the French word for ‘enemy’4. The Angles were people who came fromA. RomB. FranceC. GermanyD. Scandinavia5. The Vikings then came fromA. RomB. FranceC. ScandinaviaD. Germany 6. The Normans came to England fromA. FranceB. GermanyC. ItalyD. Scandinavia7. The Norman Conquest began inA. 461B. 1066C. 1055D. 14678. The Norman Conquest has changed the … forever.A. English literatureB. English landscapeC. English foodD. English language9. The English language has been influenced byA. Latin, Greek, Spanish and FrenchB. German, Latin, Greek, Danish and FrenchC. German, Latin, Danish and FrenchD. Spanish, Latin, Greek, Danish and French10. Henry VIII is famous because heA. established the Church of EnglandB. built the Tower of LondonC. was the first Monarch of the UKD. had a famous daughter11. Stonehenge is the most famous … in BritainA. remains of a Roman observatoryB. ruin of a Celtic place of worshipC. prehistoric monumentD. ancient burial ground12. William Shakespeare wrote many of his plays under …A. Henry II.B. Henry VIII.C. Elizabeth I.D. Elizabeth II.13. Under the reign of Queen VictoryA. Britain became the most powerful and richest country in the worldB. The Church of Britain was establishedC. Theatres were closesD. Poverty spread over the country and people died of famine14. The traditional English breakfast consists ofA. toast, hard boiled eggs and some hamB. sandwiches and some sweet cakeC. roast meet and potatoesD. eggs, bacon, sausages, fried bread, baked beans and mushrooms15. What’s a 'packed lunch'?A. It’s a lunch in crowded fish and chips plac eB. It consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a drinkC. It’s a meal you can heat up easily in the microwave ovenD. It consists of a sandwich, some cheese, a piece of fruit anda beer16. Afternoon Tea is the name for aA. typical British drinkB. tea the British drink in the afternoonC. small mealD. a certain type of cake served in the afternoon17. The river running through London is calledA. LondinumB. ThamesC. TowerD. Westminster18. How many different languages are spoken in London every day ?A. 500B. 800C. 300D. 15019. People from minority ethnic groups were more likely to live inA. the rest of the United Kingdom than in EnglandB. Scotland than in the rest of the United KingdomC. England than in the rest of the United KingdomD. Wales than in the rest of the United Kingdom20. Great Britain is … populated compared with many other countriesA. normallyB. heavilyC. overD. hardly21. Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between … across EnglandA. 5 and 16B. 5and 18C. 6 and 16D. 6 and 1822. All government-run schoolsA. can decide on what to choose from National CurriculumB. have total liberty regarding their CurriculumC. can choose according to their county what to include in their CurriculumD. follow the same National Curriculum23. … of all pupils in the UK attend independent fee paying schools or homeschoolingA. 4%B. 6 %C. 12%D. 16%24. The UK is the … largest economy in the worldA. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth25. Am ong Britain’s main industries today areA. food processing and delicaciesB. banking and financeC. clothing and perfumeD. aircraft and electronics26. The UK’s most important export partner isA. The USAB. ChinaC. GermanyD. France 27. The UK’s most important import partner isA. The USAB. ChinaC. GermanyD. France28. The British currency is theA. EuroB. Pound EuroC. Pound sterlingD. UK Dollar29. The average family size in Britain is … in other European countries.A. bigger thanB. remarkable bigger thanC. about the same asD. smaller than30. The most popular type of home in England is:A. Detached (a house not joined to another house)B. Semi-detached (two houses joined together)C. Terrace (several houses joined together)D. Flats (apartments)31. Only about … of co habiting couples will eventually get married.A. 60%B. 40%C. 55%D. 50%32. A broadsheet newspaper is a …A. sensational newspaperB. high quality newspaperC. down-market or low quality newspapersD. newspaper addressing a broad readership33. A t abloid newspaper is a …A. high-quality newspaperB. down-market or low quality newspaperC. serious and politicalD. newspaper addressing only a specific readership34. What is Britain’s national sport?A. soccerB. tennisC. cricketD. horse-back riding35. … is the official Head of StateA. The ParliamentB. The House of LordsC. The Prime MinisterD. The Queen36. Britain has … monarchyA. an old-fashionedB. a constitutionalC. a gloriousD. a democratic37. The Queen rulesA. symbolicallyB. constitutionallyC. ordinarilyD. customarily 38. The House of Lords is made up of people whoA. were extremely successful in school and went to prestigious universitiesB. have inherited titles or were appointed because of their good workC. have been elected by other Lords to represent themD. got a promotion from the House of Commons39. The main job of the House of Lords isA. to discuss urgent financial matters and make the according lawsB. to advice the Queen on important decisionsC. to control the House of CommonsD. to 'double check' new laws to make sure they are fair and will work.40. The members of the House of Commons are calledA. Members of Parliament (MP)B. Common People (CP)C. Common Housers (CH)D. Members of Commons (MC)41. The House of Commons is the most important place forA. discussing policies and making lawsB. drafting laws for taxationC. discussing foreign policy and currency matterD. drafting laws for rural areas42. Who can become a Member of Parliament?A. People who studied political sciences at prestigious universitiesB. People who have been nominated by the QueenC. People who passed a pre-election campaignD. Any one over 21 who has been nominated as candidates to become an MP43. How does an MP get a seat in Parliament?A. When s/he gets the most votes for his constituency (local area)B. When s/he gets appointed by the Prime MinisterC. When s/he gets the approval of his/her partyD. When s/he gets appointed by other MPs44. A Parliament has a ma ximu m duration of … yearsA. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six45. How is the Prime Minister chosen?A. S/he is voted for directly by the peopleB. S/he is voted for within their partyC. S/he is voted for by the House of Lords and the House of Commons togetherD. S/he is appointed by the King/Queen46. Who is the present British Prime Minister?A. Tony BlairB. Margaret ThatcherC. Gordon BrownD. David Cameron 47. The Secretaries of State areA. people doing paperwork for the governmentB. the most important ministers who form the cabinetC. the secretaries of important ministersD. the people working for the Queen48. There are three major political partiesA. Labour , Conservative and Liberal DemocratsB. Labour, Democrats and RepublicansC. Labour, Conservative and RepublicansD. Labour, Liberal Democrats and Conservative Republicans49. The Metropolitan Police headquarters isA. New Scotland WardB. New Scotland YardC. New Scotland WatchD. New Scotland Guard50. A nickname for British police officers isA. PollyB. BibbyC. BoffyD. Bobby51. The Queen lives inA. Westminster PalaceB. the Tower of LondonC. Buckingham PalaceD. House Windsor52. What are British people most likely to do in their spare time?A. socializeB. watch TVC. playing sportsD. gardening53. The fifty stars on the flag representA. the fifty most important American citiesB. fifty natural wondersC. the fifty American statesD. fifty American senators54. The thirteen stripes on the flag representA. the original thirteen coloniesB. the original thirteen ships of the pilgrim fathersC. the thirteen most influential presidentsD. the first thirteen amendments55. The name of America’s national anthem isA. The Stars and StripesB. The Star-Spangled BannerC. The Star-Sprinkled BannerD. Old Glory56. What’s the capital of the USA?A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Washington, DCD. New Orleans 57. Which of the following is not a major topographical regions Continental United States:A. EasternB. CentralC. OceanicD. Mountain58. Which of the following states are not connected to the other 48 states?A. New York and PennsylvaniaB. Georgia and FloridaC. Hawaii and AlaskaD. California and Washington59. The massive Rocky Mountains take up much of the … of the USAA. western halfB. western thirdC. northern halfD. northern third60. The term “Megalopolis” refers toA. the large mountains in the Rocky MountainsB. the 500-mile stretch of urban areas from Washington, DC to BostonC. New York because of its enormous sizeD. different large cities in the US61. Gospel music has its roots in the …A. MidwestB. Pacific coastC. SouthD. Mountain regions62. The term “redneck” refers toA. urban southernersB. rural southernersC. rural black peopleD. rural white people63. People called “hillbillies” areA. uneducated, rather primitive white peopleB. uneducated, rather primitive black peopleC. educated, snobbish black peopleD. educated, snobbish white people64. Texas is known as theA. “Lonely State”B. “Lonely Star State”C. “Lone State”D. “Lone Star State”65. The largest American state in area isA. AlaskaB. CaliforniaC. TexasD. Hawaii66. The largest American state in population isA. AlaskaB. CaliforniaC. TexasD. Hawaii67. The Pilgrim Fathers arrived in the” New World” inA. 1420B. 1520C. 1620D. 1720 68. The famous ship that transported the Pilgrims from England to the “New World” was calledA. the April FlowerB. the MayflowerC. the SunflowerD. the Golden Flower69. What happened on July 4, 1776?A. The “New World” wa s discoveredB. The first Thanksgiving celebration was heldC. The declaration of independence was signedD. British troops landed in Boston70. Most of the writing of the declaration of independence was done byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. Roger Sherman71. Which of the below is not true about the “Bill of Rights”?A. It is set of 10 changes later added to the constitutionB. It limits the government's powerC. It guarantees certain rights to the citizensD. It has never been written down in it’s original form72. The "Union" was a name forA. The American Soldiers who fought in the Civil warB. British soldiers who fought in the Civil warC. The primarily northern states who fought in the Civil warD. The seceding southern states who fought the northern states73. The "Confederacy" was a name forA. The American Soldiers who fought in the Civil warB. British soldiers who fought in the Civil warC. The primarily northern states who fought in the Civil warD. The seceding southern states who fought the northern states74. The civil war was won by theA. The UnionB. British troopsC. The French troopsD. The Confederacy75. As a result of this victoryA. Women were allowed to voteB. The slaves were all freedC. The Americans no longer paid taxes to the British crownD. Black people were granted equal rights 76. The bulk of the early settlers to the United States came fromA. England, Northern, Ireland, and eastern European countriesB. England, Northern Ireland, and Scandinavian countriesC. England, Northern Ireland, and IndiaD. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales77. In the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, great numbers of immigrants fromA. ChinaB. IndiaC. northern EuropeD. eastern and southern Europe78. The term “minority group” does not refer toA. native Americans peopleB. non-white peopleC. rich peopleD. Hispanic people79. The “American Dream” is the idea that a personA. can become rich without working hardB. can go from rags to richesC. can do whatever they want without facing serious punishmentD. can carry a gun at any time80. Which of the below statements is not true?The First Amendment guaranteesA. freedom of religionB. freedom of speechC. freedom of the pressD. freedom to carry a gun81. Which of the below statements is true? The Second Amendment guaranteesA. the right of free speechB. the right to practice religion freelyC. the right to keep and bear armsD. the right of free press82. The statue of liberty symbolizesA. The American DreamB. The American way of lifeC. American superiorityD. America’s influence on world history83. Most American movies involveA. crime and drugsB. extreme violenceC. low moral standardsD. a moral insight84. When Americans go to see a movie, they expectA. nothing but entertainmentB. to get a new insightC. to learn important factsD. to learn new facts 85. The American law is based onA. the constitutionB. the book of rightsC. the book of lawsD. the book of amendments86. The federal government has …distinct branchesA. twoB. threeC. forty-eightD. fifty87. The cabinetA. are all other officers of the executive branchB. are not chosen by the presidentC. prints and coins moneyD. can declare war88. The Congress is made ofA. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsB. the Senate and the House of RepresentativesC. the House of Cabinet and the House of RepresentativesD. the President and the Cabinet89. The head of the Executive branch isA. the Queen of BritainB. the Prime MinisterC. the Vice PresidentD. the President90. The function of the Supreme Court isA. create lower federal lawsB. to veto lawsC. to propose lawsD. to interpret the constitution91. The United States has had … major political parties since the 1860'sA. twoB. threeC. fourD. five92. The 50 States haveA. exclusive power over many areas of lawB. no power in deciding their own lawsC. the right to reject the government’s lawsD. no interest in creating their own laws93. Bi-lingual education in English and common immigrant languagesA. is desperately needed in the USB. is available in many communitiesC. is available on requestD. is available in some special private schools94. Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire inA. 1601B. 1701C. 1801D. 1901 95. The population in Australia con sist of … % of Asians.A. 5B. 7C. 10D. 1596. The sovereign of Australia (chief of state) is the …A. British MonarchB. The GovernorC. The Prime MinisterD. The Australian President97. As a country, Canada came into being inA. 1667B. 1767C. 1867D. 196798. The capital of Canada is … .A. OttawaB. TorontoC. VancouverD. Montreal99. Canada has about … million people.A. 20B. 22C. 30D. 32。

英美概况参考答案英美概况参考答案英美两国是世界上最具影响力的国家之一，拥有悠久的历史和独特的文化。

本文将从地理、历史、文化和经济等多个方面介绍英美的概况。

地理概况英美两国都位于西半球，英国位于欧洲西北部，美国位于北美洲中部。

英国是一个岛国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个地区组成。

美国则占据北美洲的大部分地区，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。

两国都拥有丰富的自然资源和多样的地形地貌，如英国的湖区和苏格兰高地，以及美国的大峡谷和黄石国家公园等。

历史概况英国拥有悠久的历史，曾经是大英帝国的核心。

在过去的几个世纪里，英国在殖民地扩张和工业革命中发挥了重要作用。

美国则是一个相对年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国独立，成为世界上第一个现代民主国家。

美国历经南北战争、两次世界大战等重大事件，逐渐崛起为全球超级大国。

文化概况英美两国都有丰富多样的文化遗产。

英国是文学巨匠莎士比亚和狄更斯的故乡，也是摇滚乐的发源地。

英国的皇室文化和茶文化也深受世界瞩目。

美国则以好莱坞电影和流行音乐产业闻名于世。

美国的文化多元化和自由主义价值观也对全球产生了深远影响。

两国的体育文化也非常发达，如英国的足球和美国的篮球、棒球等。

经济概况英美两国都是世界上最大的经济体之一。

英国是欧洲的金融中心，伦敦证券交易所是全球最大的股票交易所之一。

英国的金融、制造业和创新科技领域具有竞争力。

美国则是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的科技创新能力和消费市场。

美国的硅谷地区孕育了众多科技巨头，如苹果、谷歌和亚马逊等。

两国的经济合作紧密，互为重要的贸易伙伴。

总结英美两国在地理、历史、文化和经济等方面都有独特的特点。

英国的悠久历史和文化遗产，以及美国的年轻而充满活力的社会，各自展现了不同的魅力。

两国在全球事务中扮演着重要角色，对世界的发展和进步有着深远影响。

无论是从历史的角度还是现代的视角来看，英美两国都是值得关注和学习的对象。