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AEROBIC THERMOPHILIC AND ANAEROBIC

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AEROBICTHERMOPHILICANDANAEROBIC

MESOPHILICTREATMENTOFSWINEWASTE

KRISHNAR.PAGILLA1*,HYUNGJINKIM1andTAPANACHEUNBARN2

1DepartmentofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,IllinoisInstituteofTechnology,Chicago,IL60616,USAand2FacultyofScience,MaejoUniversity,Chiang-Mai,50290,Thailand

(Firstreceived1July1999;acceptedinrevisedform1November1999)

AbstractÐLaboratoryexperimentswereconductedtoinvestigatetwo-stageaerobicthermophilicandanaerobicmesophilictreatmentofswinewaste.Thetwo-stagesystemincludeda1-daysludgeretentiontime(SRT)aerobicthermophilicreactoroperatingat628Candwith1.0mgdissolvedoxygen/l,followedbya5,9,and14-daySRTanaerobicmesophilicdigesteroperatingat378C.Asinglestageanaerobicmesophilicdigesteroperatingat6,10,and15-daySRTand378Cwasusedasthecontrol.Feedswinewasteslurryaveragecompositionincludedtotalsolids(TS)=4.3%;volatilesolids(VS)=67%ofTS;supernatantchemicaloxygendemand(COD)=14,330mg/l;fecalcoliformdensity=7.2Â108MPN/gTS;pH=7.1;andalkalinity=2700mgCaCO3/l.Two-stagesystemoperatingat6,10,and15-daysystemSRTreducedVSby46,54,and61%,respectively,andwassigni®cantlybetterthanthecontrolateachSRT.SupernatantCODreductionbythetwo-stagesystem(56±67%)wassigni®cantlybetterthanthatobtainedinthecontrol(44±60%).Fecalcoliformdensitywasreducedto<103MPN/gTSatallSRTbythetwo-stagesystem,whereas,thecontroldidnotreducethefecalcoliformdensitybelow105MPN/gTSatallSRT.Thetwo-stagesystemanaerobicdigesterproduced0.56±0.64m3CH4/kgVSdestroyedcomparedtolowerlevelsof0.47±0.51m3CH4/kgVSdestroyedbythecontrol,bothoperatingat6,10,and15-daysystemSRT.Themethanegasproductionbythetwo-stagesystemof0.26,0.32,and0.39m3/kgVSfedat6,10,and15-daysystemSRT,respectively,wassigni®cantlyhigherthanthatbythecontrolsystem(0.17,0.22,and0.25m3/kgVSfedat6,10,and15-daySRT,respectively).Thebiogasproducedbythetwo-stagesystemanaerobicdigestercontained353±387ppm(v/v)H2Scontentcomparedto569±609ppm(v/v)H2Scontentinthebiogasfromthecontrolanaerobicdigester.Thetime-to-®ltervaluesoftheproductsludgefromthetwo-stagesystem(245,197,and158sat6,10,and15-daysystemSRT,respectively)wereabout50%lowerthanthoseoftheproductsludgefromthecontrol(355,295,and250sat6,10,and15-daysystemSRT,respectively),indicatingbetterdewaterabilityofthetwo-stagesystemproductsludge.72000ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved

KeywordsÐswinewaste,thermophilic,two-stagetreatment

INTRODUCTION

Theshiftinanimalproductionfromsmallfamily-

ownedfarmstolarge,concentrated,industrial-type

facilitieshasforcedchangesinanimalwasteproces-

sing.Landspreadingandlagoonswerecommon

methodsofwastetreatmentanddisposalatsmall

cattle,swine,andpoultryfarms.Thelarge-scale

farmsprovideimprovedeconomyofscaleforani-

malproduction;however,thelandrequirementsto

treatanddisposeofthewastebytraditional

methodsareexcessive.Theconcentratedwaste

streamsfromtheselarge-scalefarmscannotbetrea-

tede󰂀ectivelybyland-basedtreatmentsystems,and

theyoftenproducenuisanceodorsanduncontrolledreleaseofnutrientstothewatershed.Hence,animal

wastetreatmentisshiftingtohighrateunitpro-

cessessuchasanaerobicdigestion,activatedsludge

process,andattachedgrowthprocesses.Theseen-

gineeredsystemscanbeadoptedforanimalwaste

treatmentbasedontheexperienceintreatingother

concentratedindustrialandmunicipalwaste.Since

thekeyaspectofanimalproductionissustainabil-

ity,thewasteprocessedshouldprovideproducts

thatcanberecycled.Forexampleinswinepro-

duction,thesolidsrecoveredfromthewasteproces-

singarereusedasbeddingmaterialintheanimal

productionunitsoraddedtothefeedasanutrient

source(LivestockWasteFacilitiesHandbook,

1985).Hencetherequirementsforengineeredani-

malwastesystemsincludereclamationofchemical

andbiologicallysafenutrient-richsolids,processed

water,energyintheformofbiogas,andreduction

ofodorandnutrientreleasestotheenvironment.Wat.Res.Vol.34,No.10,pp.2747±2753,200072000ElsevierScienceLtd.AllrightsreservedPrintedinGreatBritain0043-1354/00/$-seefrontmatter

2747www.elsevier.com/locate/watresPII:S0043-1354(00)00012-9

*Authortowhomallcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed.Tel.:+1-312-567-5717;fax:+1-312-567-8874;e-mail:pagilla@iit.eduSwineproductionfacilitiesgenerateabout0.21

kgbiochemicaloxygendemand(BOD5),0.032kg

totalnitrogen,and0.009kgphosphorusper68kg

®nishingpig,andthewateruseisabout40±75l/

pig/day(LivestockWasteFacilitiesHandbook,

1985).Inaddition,swinewastealsocontainsviral,

bacterial,andprotozoanpathogensthatcancause

diseaseinbothanimalsandhumans(Blacketal.,

1982;LundandNiessen,1983;Martietal.,1983).

Severalmesophilicanaerobictreatmentmethods

havebeensuccessfullydemonstratedforthetreat-

mentofconcentratedswinewastes(Angelidakiand

Ahring,1993;Goreckietal.,1993;Hansenetal.,

1998;Hashimoto,1983;Yangetal.,1993;Yang

andKuroshima,1995).Conventionalanaerobic

合集下载

环境专业英语词汇

环境专业英语词汇

环境专业英语

工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定：

给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程..

排水工程 sewerage ;wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程..

给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体..

排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体..

给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体..

原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水..

地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面;暴露于大气的水..

地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水..

淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水..

废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称..它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水..

污水sewage ;wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水..

用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量..

污水量 wastewater flow ;sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量..

用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象;在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值.. 排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象;在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值..

水质 water quality 在给水排水工程中;水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质..

泵站 pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋..

泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称..

好氧堆肥英语

好氧堆肥英语

好氧堆肥英语

Aerobic Composting

Composting is a natural process that transforms organic waste into a

nutrient-rich soil amendment, known as compost. Aerobic

composting, in particular, is a method that utilizes oxygen-loving

microorganisms to break down organic materials. This process not

only reduces the volume of waste but also creates a valuable end

product that can be used to improve soil quality and enhance plant

growth.

The key to successful aerobic composting lies in maintaining the

right balance of carbon-rich materials, known as "browns," and

nitrogen-rich materials, known as "greens." Browns include dry,

woody materials such as leaves, straw, and shredded paper, while

greens include moist, nitrogen-rich materials such as fruit and

vegetable scraps, grass clippings, and manure.

The composting process begins with the microorganisms that

短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮影响因素与实现途径

短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮影响因素与实现途径

短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮影响因素与实现途径

李娜;胡筱敏;李国德;赵岩;刘金亮

【摘 要】由于短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺能够减少约25％的需氧量和40％的有机碳源,可以缩短水力停留时间,降低处理费用和基建投资,在污水处理领域日益受到重视,引起了研究热潮,对短程硝化反硝化的优越性、影响因素及实现途径进行了简要概述.

【期刊名称】《水科学与工程技术》

【年(卷),期】2018(000)001

【总页数】3页(P7-9)

【关键词】短程硝化反硝化;影响因素;实现途径

【作 者】李娜;胡筱敏;李国德;赵岩;刘金亮

【作者单位】东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110004;沈阳师范大学实验教学中心,沈阳110034;东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110004;沈阳师范大学实验教学中心,沈阳110034;东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110004;东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110004

【正文语种】中 文

【中图分类】X703

短程硝化反硝化的电子受体是亚硝氮，所以短程脱氮的核心是亚硝氮的积累。短程硝化是在氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌的作用下实现的，这两类微生物生存的环境条件不同，因此，通过控制这两类微生物的环境条件，可进而控制其活性，保证系统中氨氧化菌大量生长，抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌的繁殖，达到亚硝氮积累的目的。对氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌产生选择性抑制的主要因素有：温度，溶解氧（DO），pH，游离氨（FA），污泥龄，抑制剂等[1-6]。

1 短程硝化反硝化工艺的优越性

短程硝化反硝化相比于全程硝化反硝化，缩短了反应步骤，正是由于生物脱氮过程中反应步骤的减少，使短程硝化反硝化具有如下优势[7-15]：①硝化阶段只需将氨氮氧化为亚硝氮，可减少25%的需氧量，降低了污水处理的运行能耗；②反硝化阶段节省了外加碳源，可减少40%的有机碳源，降低污水处理运行费用的同时，使低碳氮比废水高效率脱氮成为可能；③亚硝氮反硝化的速率是硝氮反硝化速率的近2倍，缩短了系统的水力停留时间，减小了反应器有效容积和占地面积，节省了污水处理的基建投资费用；④短程硝化反硝化能够减少剩余污泥的排放量，在硝化过程中可减少产泥24%～33%，在反硝化过程中可减少产泥50%，节省了污水处理中的污泥处理费用；⑤减少了碱的投加量，运行管理简单。

市政工程专业词汇

市政工程专业词汇

给水工程water supply engineering

排水工程sewerage, wastewater engineering

给水系统water supply system

排水系统sewerage system

给水水源water source

原水raw water

地表水surface water

地下水ground water

苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water,alkaline water

淡水fresh water含盐量小于 500mg /L 的水冷却水cooling water

废水wastewater

污水sewage,wastewater

用水量water consumption

供水量output

污水量wastewater flow,sewage flow

用水定额 water consumption norm

排水定额wastewater flow norm

水质water quality

渠道channel,conduit

干管main

泵房pumping house

泵站pumping station

给水处理water treatment

污水处理sewage treatment,wastewater treatment

废水处置watewater disposal

格栅bar screen

曝气aeration

沉淀sedimentation给水排水设计基本术语标准

一、通用术语

1、给水排水工程通用术语澄清clarification

过滤filltration

离子交换法ion exchange

消毒disinfection

氯化chlorination

余氯residual chlorine

游离性余氯free residual chlorine

结合性余氯combinative residual chlorine

污泥sludge

污泥处理suldge treatment

污泥处置sludge disposal

水头损失head loss