一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
二、现在分词的基本用法
1. 作表语：表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。
2. 作定语：
(1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.）
(2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story.
(3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
(4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country.
3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.)
(1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
(2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
(3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
(4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone.
(5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts.
(6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging.
注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语：Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly.
4. 作宾补：表示主动的、进行的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
三、现在分词的两个基本特点
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行：a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun)
2. 在语态上表示主动：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级)
四、独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. （原因）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （条件）
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （伴随）
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. （结果）
The meeting over, they all went home. （时间）
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. （结果）
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （伴随）
Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. （目的）
1. There was a terrible noise __ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
2. The minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, __ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
3. European football is played in more than 80 countries, __ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
4. __ from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
C. Saw
D. To be seeing
5. Soon they could see the steam __ from the wet clothes.
A. rise
B. rising
C. risen
D. be rising
6. The missing boys were last seen __ near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play
7. With his lips still __, he couldn't say a word.
A. trembling
B. tremble
C. to tremble
D. to be trembling
8. “Mama!” he cried suddenly, tears down his cheeks.
A. roll
B. rolling
C. to roll
D. rolled
9. Weather , we'll go to the Great wall.
A. to permit
B. being permit
C. permitting
D. permitted
10. The old farmer came out of the burning house, for help.
A. calling
B. called
C. to be called
D. call
11. I smell something in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning
B. burnt
C. being burnt
D. to be burnt
12. The brave man died, his young wife nothing but a __ cottage.
A. left; breaking
B. leaving; broken
C. left; broken
D. to leave; breaking
13. __ hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.
A. Having been worked
B. Having not worked
C. Having never worked
D. Never have worked
14. __ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.
A. No passing
B. Having passed
C. Having not passing
D. Not having passed
15. Time __ , I can have done it better.
A. permit
B. be permitted
C. permitting
D. to permit
16. __, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key has lost
B. The key been lost
C. Lost the key
D. Having lost the key
17. __ into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.
A. Being translated
B. Having translated
C. To be translated
D. Having been translated
18. __ for the terrible accident, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.
A. Having blamed
B. To blame
C. Being to be blamed
D. Being to blame
19.__ from heart trouble for years, Mr Li has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. To suffer
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
20. __ from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.
A. Judging
B. Judged
C. To judge
D. Judge
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