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语言学导论第一章答案

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Chapter one Invitations to language

Reference keys

I 1. verbal 2. productivity.3 metalingual function 4. yo-he-ho 5.

Pooh-pooh 6. contact 7. language 8. descriptive 10. diachronic linguistic

11. langue 12. competence 13. arbitrary vocal 14. scientific ,language 15.

descriptive, prescriptive 16. Synchronic, diachronic 17. abstract,

realization 18. knowledge, realization 19. arbitrariness 20. displacement

21 sounds, meaning 22. transmitted

II. 1. B 2.B 3. C 4. A 5. C. 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.D 11. A 12.C

III. 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.F 11.F 12.T 13.F 14.T 15.F

16.F 17.T18.T19.F20.T

VI. Questions

1. What are the attributes of language that must be included in the

definition of language?

Language is a means of verbal communication. It includes the

following attributes: language has system; it is vocal and arbitrary; it is a

human and social activity; it is non-instinctive and is related to culture;

language changes with time.

2. If language is partially defined as communication, can we all say the

voices that dogs make are languages? Why or why not?

No.It is observed that dogs may use barking to express anxiety,

submission and threats, but it is very different from human language in

many aspects. Firstly, human language has two systems: the system of

sound and the system of meaning. So language is a system by which

sounds and meanings are related. But dogs’ voice has not the two sets of

structures. Second, The creative use language is unique to human beings.

But dogs can not segment speech sounds, nor can they form an infinite set

of utterance from a finite set of units by use of limited rules. Third, Dogs’

voice is only emotional response to particular stimuli, and have no way to

express their feelings yesterday or their imaginations tomorrow. But

human beings can talk about things at present, in the past or in the future,

and things real or imagined.

3. Point our three major differences between linguistics and traditional

grammar.

略

4.What kind of evidence supports the idea that language is culturally

transmitted.

略

5.One of he main features of our human language is arbitrariness. Can

you briefly explain what feature it refers to? Support your argument

with examples.

Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection

between the sounds that people use and the objects to which these sounds

refer. The fact that different languages have different words for the same

object is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language,. It is only

our tacit agreement of utterance and concept at work and not any innate

relationship bound up in the utterance. A typical example to illustrate the

“arbitrariness” of language is “ a rose by any name would smell as sweet”

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语言学教程课后习题答案第一章资料(最新整理)

语言学教程课后习题答案第一章资料(最新整理)

Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics

1. Define the following terms:

design feature: the distinctive features of human language that essentially make human language

distinguishable from languages of animals.

function: the role language plays in communication (e.g. to express ideas, attitudes) or in

particular social situations (e.g. religious, legal).

synchronic: said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical ‘point’ in time.

diachronic: said of the study of development of language and languages over time.

prescriptive: to make authoritarian statement about the correctness of a particular use of language.

descriptive: to make an objective and systematic account of the patterns and use of a language or

variety.

arbitrariness: the absence of any physical correspondence between linguistic signals and the

语言学教程习题答案第一章

语言学教程习题答案第一章

语言学教程习题答案第一章

语言学教程习题答案第一章

在语言学的学习过程中，习题是非常重要的一部分，通过习题的练习可以帮助我们巩固知识，提高对语言学理论的理解和应用能力。本文将针对语言学教程第一章的习题进行解答，并对其中一些重要的概念进行深入探讨。

1. 什么是语言学？

语言学是研究语言的科学，它涉及到语言的结构、语音、语法、语义、语用等方面的研究。通过对语言的研究，我们可以了解语言的起源、发展、结构以及语言与思维、文化之间的关系。

2. 语言学的研究方法有哪些？

语言学的研究方法包括田野调查、实验研究、文献研究等。田野调查是指通过对语言使用环境的观察和实地访谈等方式，收集语言数据并进行分析。实验研究则是通过实验室环境下的控制变量实验，来研究语言现象。文献研究则是通过对已有的语言学文献进行分析和综述，来推测和总结语言学理论。

3. 语言学的研究对象是什么？

语言学的研究对象是语言。语言是人类交流的工具，它包括语音、词汇、语法等方面的内容。通过对语言的研究，我们可以了解语言的结构、规律以及语言与思维、文化之间的关系。

4. 什么是语言的层次结构？

语言的层次结构是指语言的组成部分之间的关系。从上到下，语言的层次结构包括语言（language）、语言系统（linguistic system）、语言单位（linguistic

unit）以及语言要素（linguistic element）。语言单位是指语言中的最小有意义的单位，如音素、词素、词等。语言要素则是指构成语言单位的基本成分，如音素、词素中的音素。

5. 什么是语音学？

语音学是研究语言中的语音现象的学科。它研究的内容包括语音的产生、传播和接收等方面。通过对语音的研究，我们可以了解语音的分类、规律以及语音与语义、语法之间的关系。

6. 什么是语音？

语音是语言中的声音现象。它是通过声带、口腔、鼻腔等发声器官的协调运动而产生的。语音可以分为音位和音素两个层次。音位是语言中的最小音位单位，它是语音的抽象概念。音素则是语言中的实际语音单位，它是音位在具体语音中的表现形式。

语言学导论答案

语言学导论答案

Chapter 1

1. How do you interpret the following definition of linguistics: linguistics is the scientific study

of language?

To understand this definition, we should focus on three words in this sentence: scientific, study

and language.

First of all, scientific here means a study which is based on the systematic investigation of

linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. The

linguist studies it to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system. Secondly, the

word study here refers to investigation or examination. Thirdly, Language here is general term. It

refers to any human language, Chinese spoken by the Chinese, English by the English people,

German by the Germans, or even Esperanto, an artificial language. Language here also means the

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案

34 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

第一章：语言学导论

I. Choose the best answer。 （20%)

1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________。

A。 contact B。 communication

C。 relation D。 community

2。 Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree B. typewriter

C。 crash D。 bang

3。 The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is

__________.

A. interrogative B. directive

C. informative D。 performative

4。 In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present

are likely to say“碎碎(岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they

believes feel might affect their lives。 Which functions does it perform？