用于现在完成时的句型
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现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
句型构成基本结构:主语+have / has+动词的过去分词①肯定句:主语+has/have+动词的过去分词+宾语(或其他).I have been to Beijing.我去过北京。
②否定句中:主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词+宾语.I haven’t been to Beijing.我没去过北京。
③一般疑问句中:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语(或者其他)?Have you been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗?四种用法1.表示影响该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。
如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”,其中的“离开”肯定发生了,它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”。
又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”,显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去,并且在过去已经完成了,但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响——窗户现在仍是破的。
He has been away from the city.他已离开这个城市。
(结果:他不在这个城市。
)Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
(结果:窗户仍破着。
)该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状态在过去并未完成或结束,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束),如汉语说“他在我们学校教书已有30年了”,显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始,并且一直教到现在,已经持续了30年;又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”,显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的,并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。
如:He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
常用句型现在完成时的构成与用法现在完成时是英语中常用的时态之一,用于表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
本文将详细介绍现在完成时的构成和用法。
一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时由助动词“have/has”和过去分词构成。
其基本构成形式为“have/has + 过去分词”。
1. 肯定句结构主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + ...例句:- I have visited Paris.- She has finished her homework.2. 否定句结构主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + ...例句:- I have not seen him today.- He has not eaten lunch yet.3. 疑问句结构Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...?- Have you ever been to China?- Has she read the book?二、现在完成时的用法现在完成时在英语中有以下几种常见用法:1. 表示过去开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态例句:- I have known her since primary school.- They have lived in New York for five years.2. 表示过去完成的动作对现在的影响或结果例句:- I have lost my keys. (结果是我现在找不到钥匙)- She has finished her report. (结果是她现在可以休息了)3. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的经验或知识例句:- I have read many books. (经验是我读过许多书)- They have traveled to many countries. (知识是他们去过许多国家) 4. 表示过去发生的动作在一个不确定的时间内完成- Have you ever tried sushi? (在某个不确定的时间内尝试过寿司)- Has she seen that movie? (在某个不确定的时间内看过那部电影)5. 表示过去多次发生的动作例句:- I have visited London three times. (表示过去进行了多次的伦敦之行) - They have called me many times. (表示过去多次给我打电话)6. 表示刚刚完成的动作例句:- I have just finished my work. (刚刚完成的工作)- She has recently bought a new car. (最近购买的新车)三、总结现在完成时由助动词“have/has”和过去分词构成,用于表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时的用法总结一般现在完成时表示(Present Perfect Tense)通常用来表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响,或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。
一般现在完成时的句型是“主语+have/has+过去分词”,其中have/has要根据句子中的主语选择合适的助动词。
常用用法包括:1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
这种用法中,一般会伴随have/has以及一个表示结果的形容词如:tired(累),finished(完成)等。
例如:He has finished his homework. 他已经完成了他的作业。
2、表示从过去持续到现在的状态或动作。
例如:3、表示过去发生的某个动作或在某段时间内反复发生的多次动作,其中常伴随时间状语,例如:last week,for three days等。
例如:I have been to Beijing three times. 我去北京已经三次了。
4、表示至今为止已完成的动作,这种用法中使用ever,never,so far,up to now,until now,till now等。
例如:He has never been abroad. 他至今从未出国过。
除此之外,常见的疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,一般疑问句的句型是“have/has+主语+过去分词” (has在be动词过去分词之前),而特殊疑问句的句型有以下几种:(1)What have you done? 你做了什么?总之,一般现在完成时用来表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响,或者从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,句型是:主语+have/has+过去分词,疑问词有what、when、where、how long等;疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,一般疑问句的句型是“have/has+主语+过去分词” (has在be动词过去分词之前)。
(完整)现在完成时语法现在完成时的基本句型:肯定式:主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式:主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词。
例句:1. I have cleaned my room。
我已打扫了房间。
2. He hasn’t finished his homework。
他还没完成作业。
3。
Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗?Yes , I have. 是的,看过了。
No, I haven’t. 不,没看过。
4. We have studied English for two years。
我们已经学了两年英语了.5. They haven’t seen each other since 1998.自从1998年他们就没再见过面.现在完成时的主要用法1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
-— It's so dark。
-—Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)-— Are you free?-—I have finished my homework. I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。
表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词.常与since + 过去的时间点,since+谓语是一般过去时的从句;for + 一段时间,so far 等时间状语连用。
如:I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago。
现在完成时的用法have(has)+过去分词1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.===================现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
现在完成时用法(5张)句型:(V-ed)e.g done语(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语. +have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语. Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语. +一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)定义:(1)强调动作是从过去持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。
(2)的时间点,即过去某一时间发生某一动作;现在完成时则没有,即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作,而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
(3)在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。
但过去分词一定要选择准确。
1四点变化规则:现在完成时态-中小学教育资料(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped(read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/) ABB型①for+时段为…时间②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时)●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead Buy---have Fall ill---be ill Come back---be back Put on ---be on/wear Worry---be worried Catch a cold---have a cold ……………… ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have 代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替puton b)用1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone 代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替jointhe army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been closed/opened6. have got up have been up;7. have died have been dead;8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep;10. have finished/ended/completed have been over;11. have married have been married;12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ;13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost haven’t had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold;18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester. 6.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
现在完成时的构成和用法I.现在完成时1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其他4.否定形式:主语+have/has + not +p.p(过去分词)+其他5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.II.目前完成时1.2.现在完成时的构成:助动词have/has +过去分词现在完成时的主要用法⑴透露表现从曩昔某一时辰入手下手并一向连续到目前的举措或工作,但举措或工作目前曾经竣事。
XXX has just XXX off the light.有人刚把灯关了。
I have already XXX.我已经完成了家庭作业。
⑵表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在继续。
I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last.我想看看从前次见到那中央以来它产生了多大变革。
I have XXX English for more than ten years.我曾经学了10多年的英语。
⑶表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?你曾去过颐和园吗?I have never had a car.我从未有过汽车。
⑷现在完成时还常与句型This is the first time…,It’s the first time…连用。
现在完成时的概念与典型句型解析现在完成时是英语中的一种时态,用来表示过去开始并延续到现在的动作或状态。
它由助动词“have/has”和动词的过去分词构成。
现在完成时的使用频率非常高,因此掌握其概念和典型句型对于学习英语非常重要。
一、现在完成时的概念现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态与现在的关联,强调的是过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
它与过去完成时不同,过去完成时强调的是过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
二、现在完成时的典型句型1. 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词+…肯定句用于陈述已经完成的动作或状态。
例句1:I have finished my homework.翻译:我已经完成了我的作业。
例句2:She has lived in this city for ten years.翻译:她已经在这个城市生活了十年。
2. 否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词+…否定句用于陈述尚未完成的动作或表达否定的状态。
例句1:I have not seen the movie yet.翻译:我还没有看过这部电影。
例句2:He has not finished his work.翻译:他还没有完成他的工作。
3. 疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词+… + ?疑问句用于询问是否已经完成或发生了某个动作或状态。
例句1:Have you ever been to London?翻译:你去过伦敦吗?例句2:Has she finished her presentation?翻译:她完成了她的演讲吗?4. 现在完成时与时间状语连用:现在完成时经常与时间状语连用,用于强调动作或状态的持续时间。
表示延续时间的时间状语:for + 时间段表示起始时间的时间状语:since + 完整时间点例句1:I have lived in this house for five years.翻译:我已经在这个房子里住了五年了。
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用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部
分,用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是
我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成
时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D.
ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常
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用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is
/ was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连
用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.