现在完成时句型及图解
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定句:主语+have/has+过去分词否定句:主语+have/has not +过去分词疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词7。
现在完成时(1) 现在完成时的句型结构①肯定句:主语+ have/has+ 过去分词②否定句:主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词③疑问句:Have/Has +主语+过去分词(2)现在完成时的用法①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。
常和never,ever,several times 等连用。
如:I’ve never been to Africa.Have you ever been to Tokyo?I’ve been there three times.②. 表示某动作从过去开始,现在刚刚完成,对现在有一定的影响。
常与just,already, yet,so far等词语连用。
如:He has just finished his new book。
注意:just now用于过去时。
③.表示某动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,可能还会持续下去。
通常与for或since连用。
如:I have lived in Qingdao for 6years。
/since 6 years ago/since 2003/since I came to this city.It is/has been …+ since….It’s been seven years since we last saw each other。
It’s six years since he was a teacher。
注意:for+一段时间,since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。
④在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。
如:You can go home when you havefinished your work。
比较:You can go home when youfinish your work.(3) 过去分词的构成①一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。
现在完成时用法小结一、现在完成时的构成:助动词have(has)+ 过去分词否定式have(has)not+ 过去分词疑问式:have\has not+主语+过去分词;have\has +主+not+过去分词二、现在完成时态的用法1、表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。
这时,谓语动词一般为延续性动词。
例如:I have been a teacher for 5 years\since 5 years ago.(五年前是个时间点。
一直持续到现在的的状态,一直在做老师,以后还是老师。
)They have lived here for 7 years.(第一层含义,到说话这一刻,一直住在这里,这是一个持续状态。
第二层含义,如果他们正在搬家时候说这句话,则说明live这一事实不再持续,到此为止,他们可能要搬去别处住。
)◆这一用法的特点:谓语动词为延续性动词;动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并有可能继续下去;和“一段时间”的状语连用。
●since+时间段:I have worked in this place since 1990.I have lived in Xi’an since I left school\since 5 years ago●for+ 时间点: I have worked in this place for 20 years.I have lived in Xi’an for 5 years ago.“到目前为止…”:until now, ,up to\ till\until now,so farUntil now,I have been a monitor for 3 years.(放在句末亦可)Our country has until now, ,up to\ till\until now,so farWon 20 golden medals.●“在最近几个世纪、年、月以来……”in \over \during the past few years,for the lastfew century,through centuries,throughout the past decades.For the last few decades, great changes have taken place in Beijing.2.表示过去某时发生或完成的某一动作,谓语动词是短暂性动词(对现在造成的影响或结果)。
现在完成时讲解一、基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)二、用法1)现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2)现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
这里的动词要用持续性动词。
常与for (+时间段),since(+时间点)连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently, still, latel y等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”,现已不在那里,如:He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。
现在完成时笔记归纳一、现在完成时的定义。
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
- 例如:I have lost my key.(我丢了钥匙,结果就是现在我没有钥匙了。
)2. 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,可能还会继续下去。
- 例如:He has lived here since 2010.(他从2010年开始就住在这里,并且现在还住在这里。
)二、现在完成时的构成。
1. 肯定句。
- 主语+have/has+过去分词(动词的 -ed形式,不规则动词有特殊变化)。
- 例如:I have finished my homework.(第一人称I,用have,finish的过去分词是finished)- He has gone to Beijing.(第三人称单数he,用has,go的过去分词是gone)2. 否定句。
- 主语+have/has + not+过去分词。
- 例如:I haven't seen that movie yet.(have not可缩写为haven't)- She hasn't come back.(has not可缩写为hasn't)3. 一般疑问句。
- Have/Has+主语+过去分词?- 例如:Have you read this book?(回答:Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.)- Has he eaten lunch?(回答:Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.)三、现在完成时的标志词。
1. already(已经)- 通常用于肯定句中,位于助动词have/has和过去分词之间。
- 例如:I have already finished my work.2. yet(还,仍然)- 用于否定句和疑问句中,通常位于句末。
- 例如:I haven't seen the movie yet. Have you found your pen yet?3. just(刚刚)- 位于助动词have/has和过去分词之间。