翻译硕士(MTI)357英语翻译基础英汉翻译高分特训100篇-政治类【圣才出品】

2.1 多项选择◇文学传记类Passage 1 题材：文学传记类字数：548Two hundred years ago the English poet William Wordsworth wrote “I wander’d lonely as a cloud”, a poem that expresses a basic spirit of the early English Romanticism. It was Thursday, 15th April 1802, William and Dorothy Wordsworth, the poet’s devoted, journal-writing sister, were walking home to Dove Cottage in the Lake District. The wind was fierce, but the Wordsworth siblings were used to striding long distances in foul weather. They were in the woods close to the water side when they first clapped eyes on a field of daffodils “fluttering and dancing in the bre eze”.What makes this poem an example of Romantic thinking? It isn’t just that Wordsworth chooses to write about a natural scene: it is the way he describes the scene as if it had human emotions. For him, nature is not merely a neutral mixture of scenery, colours, plants, rocks, soil, water and air. It is a driving force that feels joy and sadness, shares human pain and even tries to educate us human beings by showing us the beauty of life.Wordsworth’s home, Dove Cottage, is now one of the most popular destinations in the Lake District. You can go on a tour of the garden which William planted with wild flowers and which survived in his back yard even after theydisappeared from the area. “He always said that if he hadn’t been a poet, he would have been a te rrific landscape gardener,” says Allan King of the Wordsworth Trust, the organization that looks after the cottage and gardens.The Lake District in the north west of England becomes particularly crowded during the summer months with tourists and ramblers eager to enjoy the region’s majestic valleys, hills and sparkling lakes. Wordsworth himself was far from keen on tourists, which was quite apparent. He wanted outsiders to admire the local sights he enjoyed so much, but was afraid the district might be “damaged” by too many visitors. He opposed the coming of the trains, and campaigned in the 1840s against a plan to link the towns in the area—Kendal, Windermere and Keswick—by rail.The place near Ullswater, where Wordsworth saw the daffodils, is at the southernmost end of the lake. The lake is wide and calm at this turning point. There’s a bay where the trees have had their soil eroded by lake water so that their roots are shockingly exposed. You walk along from tree to tree, hardly daring to breathe, because you are walking in the footprints of William and Dorothy from two centuries ago. The first clumps of daffodils appear, but they aren’t tall yellow trumpets proudly swaying in the breeze. They’re tiny wild daffodils, most of them still green and unopened, in clumps of six or seven. They’re grouped around individual trees rather than collecting together.But as you look north, from beside a huge ancient oak, you realize this is what delighted the Wordsworths: clump after clump of the things, spread out to left and right but coming together in your vision so that they form a beautiful, pale-yellowcarpet. What you’re seeing at last is nature transformed by human sight and imagination. For a second, you share that revelation of Dorothy and William Wordsworth’s,the glimpse of pantheism, the central mystery of English Romanticism.1. According to the article, Wordsworth’s poem ______.[A] started the Romantic movement[B] was based on actual experience[C] was written while he was visiting his sister[D] was written after he had been lonely2. What was Wordsworth’s attitude to nature?[A] He believed nature had a character of its own.[B] He felt nature was human.[C] He thought nature could talk to people.[D] He believed that we could influence nature.3. We are told that Dove Cottage ______.[A] has gardens designed by a landscape gardener[B] has very old plants in the garden[C] gets a lot of visitors[D] has a large back yard4. What does the writer suggest by the words “hardly daring to breathe” in line 4, paragraph 5?[A] You have to walk carefully here.[B] You can’t breathe because the atmosphere is suffocating.[C] You might feel excited to be in this place.[D] You must concentrate to stay on the footpath.5. What does the writer think of Wordsworth as a poet?[A] He believes that Wordsworth was an important figure in English culture.[B] He is critical of Wordsworth.[C] He believes Wordsworth was a sentimental person.[D] He disagrees with Wordsworth’s opinion about nature.【答案与解析】1. B 根据第一段大意，可知Wordsworth的诗是根据他和姐妹步行回家所看到的风景写成的。

2016年西南科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, itstarget language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its targetlanguage is English. There are altogether 30 items in this part of thetest, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’) 1. MOU【答案】谅解备忘录（Memorandum of Understanding）2. virtual reality【答案】虚拟现实3. Internet of Things【答案】物联网4. trade deficits【答案】贸易逆差；贸易赤字5. UN Charter【答案】联合国宪章6. board of directors【答案】董事会；理事会7. boarding school【答案】寄宿学校8. eco-industrial park【答案】生态工业园9. insurance policies【答案】保险单10. State Forestry Administration 【答案】国家林业局11. duty-free access【答案】免税进入12. diplomatic corps【答案】外交使节团13. multilateral trade system【答案】多边贸易体系14. outbound tourism【答案】出境旅游；出境游15. human rights conventions【答案】人权公约16. 微型企业【答案】microenterprise17. 部长级会议【答案】ministerial meeting18. 治国理政经验【答案】experience of governance19. 中国工程院【答案】Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) 20. 星条旗【答案】the Stars and Stripes21. 直辖市【答案】municipality directly under the central government22. 战国时期【答案】the Warring States Time/Period23. 世界文化遗产【答案】world cultural heritage24. 民族自治【答案】national autonomy25. 知识产权【答案】intellectual property26. 纳米技术【答案】nanotechnology (NT)27. 载人航天飞行【答案】manned space flight28. 碳排放目标【答案】carbon emission target29. 热带雨林【答案】tropical rain forest30. 高技术产业开发区【答案】high-tech industrial development zoneⅡ. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language isChinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English.(60×2=120’)Source Text 1:In some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and notfeel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.Life is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn us for failing. Life is not a spelling bee, where no matter how many words you’ve gotten right, you’re disqualified if you make one mistake. Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only aspire to. That, I believe, is what God asks of us—not “Be perfect”, not “Don’t even make a mistake”, b ut “Be whole”.If we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another’s happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all, then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.【参考译文】从某种奇怪的意义上说，当我们缺少什么东西时，我们反而是更完整的。

2014年中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院357英语翻译基础真题及详解I.Put the following words or expressions into English.(15points)1.追星族【答案】idolater2.三分钟热度【答案】3-minute passion3.技术职称【答案】technical titles4.市场导向【答案】market orientation5.语音识别【答案】Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR)6.制空权【答案】air supremacy7.质量认证体系【答案】quality certification system8.职能转换【答案】transformation of functions9.追究责任【答案】investigate and affix the responsibility for10.讲义气【答案】be loyal to friends/remain faithful to friends11.工业停滞【答案】industrial stagnation12.行业中的龙头老大【答案】leading enterprise/flagship of the industry13.制止中国外汇流失【答案】prevent foreign exchange flight14.质量第一，顾客至上【答案】quality first,customer foremost15.使中国经济与国际接轨【答案】To bring China’s economy more in line with international practiceII.Put the following words or expressions into Chinese.(15points)1.cruise missile【答案】巡航导弹2.probation period【答案】试用期；见习期3.mandatory planning【答案】指令性计划，强制性计划4.terrestrial and marine ecosystems【答案】陆地和海洋生态系统5.cross-infection【答案】相互传染6.offshore drilling【答案】海底钻探7.financial derivative【答案】金融衍生产品；金融衍生物8.arms embargo【答案】武器禁运，军火禁运9.subhealthy【答案】亚健康的10.euthanasia【答案】安乐死munications optical cable 【答案】通信光缆12.cast off illiteracy【答案】脱盲13.diplomatic asylum【答案】外交庇护14.Achilles heel【答案】阿喀琉斯之踵/（唯一致命）的弱点/要害15.Birds of a feather flock together.【答案】人以群分，物以类聚。

◆经济类Practice 57我多次参加过亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会，与亚太地区工商界人士共商促进本地区的经济合作与发展问题。

这次上海亚太经合组织共商领导人峰会以“新世纪、新经济：在全球化中发展”为题进行专门讨论，很有意义。

在上次文莱亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上，我就新经济和经济全球化问题谈了看法。

今天，我想进一步谈谈对这个问题的看法。

人类进入新世纪，不仅意味着年代上的更新，而且意味着国际社会开启了经济发展和社会进步的新时期。

主要标志是：世界多极化、经济全球化的不断发展，尤其是科学技术的突飞猛进，为全球经济和社会发展提供了前所未有的物质技术条件，打开了广阔的前景。

日新月异的科技进步，正在深刻地影响着人们的经济、政治和文化生活。

推动新经济的发展，不仅要求我们用先进科学技术更新经济，而且要求我们适应这个发展趋势来更新经济结构、经济体制、经济机制，更新国与国、企业与企业之间的经济关系，更新推进各国开展经济技术合作的指导思想和观念。

100多年来，世界生产力迅速发展，物质财富和精神财富的生产都取得了空前的成就，人类生活状况得到了很大的改善。

但也必须看到，在生产力和科学技术迅速发展的同时，世界发展不平衡的现象始终存在，尤其是南北差距不仅没有缩小，反而不断扩大；广大发展中国家仍比较普遍地存在贫穷和饥饿现象；地区冲突、环境恶化、国际犯罪等问题仍然困扰着人们；高新技术产业的发展也面临着一些问题，特别是有效需求相对不足的问题。

这说明，要使得各国人民都能享受生产力特别是科技进步的成果，实现普遍发展，必须在发展新科技、新产业的同时，对经济结构、经济体制、经济机制进行改革和更新。

关键是要在世界经济事务中全面贯彻多边主义的合作发展精神。

不同民族、不同历史文化、不同社会制度和不同经济发展水平的国家和地区，应互相尊重，求同存异，取长补短，和平共处，协商合作，推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序，努力促进共同发展和繁荣。

这是解决目前世界经济发展中存在问题的根本出路，也是推动新经济进一步发展的必要条件。

◇社会生活类Passage 52 题材：社会生活类字数：418Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviate the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes ordetours.Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.“Electronics on the highway address es just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute. “It doe sn’t deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can’t be built fast enough. It sen ds people the wrong message”. They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congest ion problem, but that’s been solved now because we have advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highway is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems. It’s not the solution itself, just pan of the packag e. There are diffe rent strategies.”Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include carpooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change.1. What is the appropriate title for the passage?[A] Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion.[B] A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems.[C] A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.[D] Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.2. The compound word “quic k-fix”in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to ______.[A] an optional solution[B] an expedient solution[C] a ready solution[D] an efficient solution3. According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to ______.[A] develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways[B] provide passenger vehicle with a variety of services[C] optimize the highway capabilities[D] improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors4. According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, ______.[A] carpooling must be studied[B] rapid mass transit system must be introduced[C] flexible work hours must be experimented[D] overall strategies must be coordinated5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage?[A] Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.[B] A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered.[C] Latest developments are outlined in order of importance.[D] An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized.【答案与解析】1. D 主旨题。

第4章法律类（题40～题49）题40合同是签约双方的一种协定，只对当事双方具有约束力。

内容具有很强的规定性，除合同内容外不考虑其他因素。

因此，不管遭受由对方造成的多大程度的损失，只要对方所为不违背合同规定，任何外人由道德或社会舆论出发的对受害者的同情和对另一方的谴责都不具法律效力。

欧美国家与日本的不同之处在于：遵守合同不仅仅是依法办事，而且已经成为一种社会习惯。

参考译文契約は、あくまでそれをとり交す二者間の約束であり、そこに明示された内容以外何も考慮されない、きわめて限定されたもので、その当事者である二者のみを束縛するものである。

相手からどんなに損害をこうむろうとも、相手が契約に従っている以上、第三者は相手をせめるとか、被害者に同情するとかいった道徳的あるいは社会的規制は働かないのである。

日本と違うところは、契約が単に法律の問題だけでなく、社会慣習となっているところである。

题41为实施九年制义务教育和国家教育规划而编写出版教科书，除作者事先声明不许使用的外，可以不经著作权人许可，在教科书中汇编已经发表的作品片段或者短小的文字作品、音乐作品或者单幅的美术作品、摄影作品，但应当按照规定支付报酬，指明作者姓名、作品名称，并且不得侵犯著作权人依照本法享有的其他权利。

前款规定适用于对出版者、表演者、录音录像制作者、广播电台、电视台的权利的限制。

参考译文9年間の義務教育制度及び国の教育計画を実施するために、教科書を編集、出版する場合、著作者が事前に使用を許諾しない旨を表明した場合を除き、著作者の許諾を得ず、教科書の中ですでに公表された著作物の一部又は短編の著作物、音楽著作物、若しくは単幅の美術著作物、撮影著作物を編集することができる。

但し、規定に従って報酬を支払い、著作者の氏名、著作物の名称を明記しなければならず、かつ著作権者がこの法律に基づいて享有するその他の権利を侵害してはならない。

前項の規定は、出版者、実演者、録音及び録画の製作者、放送局、テレビ局に対する権利の制限に適用する。

◆环保类中国作为负责任的发展中国家，高度重视环境保护和全球气候变化。

中国正在积极调整经济结构和能源结构，全面推进能源节约，重点预防和治理环境污染的突出问题，有效控制污染物排放，促进能源与环境协调发展。

中国加快转变经济发展方式，积极发挥能源节约和优化能源结构在减缓气候变化中的作用，努力降低化石能源消耗。

大力发展循环经济，促进资源的综合利用，提高能源利用效率，减少温室气体排放。

依靠科学技术进步，不断提高应对气候变化的能力，为保护地球环境作出积极贡献。

【参考译文】As a responsible developing country,China attaches great importance to environmental protection and prevention of global climate change.The country is actively adjusting its economic and energy structures,comprehensively advancing energy saving,emphatically preventing and controlling the pressing problems of environmental pollution,and effectively controlling emissions of pollutants to facilitate coordinated development between energy and the environment.China is expediting the transformation of its economic development mode,giving full play to the role of energy saving and optimization of energy structure in slowing climate change,and endeavoring to cut fossil energy consumption.It is vigorously developing a circular economy,fostering the comprehensive utilization of resources,enhancing the utilization efficiency of energy,reducing greenhouse gas emissions.It continuously improves the capability of addressing climate change with the aid of scientific and technological progress,thereby making positivecontributions to the environmental protection of the Earth.眼下，城市里单身贵族很时兴，很潇洒，但从环保角度看，这却不是好事。

第2章经济类（题14～题28）题14中国とインドで、日産自動車やスズキなど自動車各社の生産・販売が上向いてきた。

日産の中国乗用車合弁の2月の販売が前年同月に比べ51%増。

スズキはインドの新車販売が2月まで2カ月連続で過去最多を更新した。

現地政府が打ち出した減税策など需要喚起策が効いた。

日産の2月の中国生産が47.9%増となるなど、販売増に伴い、各社は現地生産量も増やしている。

日本や米国など先進国での販売減少分を新興国で補う構図が強まってきた。

中国では1月下旬から排気量1600cc以下の小型車の取得税が5%に半減。

日産の乗用車合弁、東風日産乗用車は減税対象の小型車「ティーダ」などが好調だった。

小型車が得意なスズキの2月の中国販売も19%増の1万8000台と6カ月ぶりに前年実績を上回った。

参考译文日产及铃木等日本汽车公司最近在中国和印度的生产销售额呈上升趋势。

日产在中国的汽车合资公司2月份的销售额比去年同期増加51%。

铃木在印度的新车销量截至2月已经连续两个月刷新记录。

这得利于当地政府实施的减税等扩大内需的政策。

伴随销售额的上涨，各公司都増加了当地的生产量，如日产在中国2月份的产量増加47.9%。

这也使得日本汽车公司的战略构想逐渐强化——即在新兴国家弥补日本国内及欧美等发达国家减少的销售额。

中国从1月下旬开始将排量在1600cc以下的小型车的汽车购置税减至5%，即原来的一半。

日产在中国的合资公司东风日产轿车生产的TIIDA等包含在减税对象范围内的小型车的销售情况良好。

以生产小型车著称的铃木2月份在中国的销量也増加19%，达1.8万辆，时隔6个月再次超过上一年度业绩。

题15現在、武漢で行われている全国服装展示会からの情報によると、アパレルブランドの市場戦略が深まるにつれて、国産ブランド服が市場での地位を一段と高め、衣服消費の主流を占め始めた。

今年の中華全国商業情報センターが調査した10種の服装ブランドを見ると、大部分の商品の市場販売ベストテンは国産ブランドで、国外及び合弁ブランドで市場占有率が比較的高いのはТシャツと子供服であった。

《英语翻译基础》考试大纲（357）
一、考查目标
《英语翻译基础》作为翻译硕士专业学位（MTI ）入学考试的专业课，目的是考查考生是否具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功，是否具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。

二、基本内容
本考试为测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试的范围包括
MTI 考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。

三、主要参考教材
《高级英语写作教程》，马红军、毛卓亮，中国对外翻译出版社，2003 年。

《英汉翻译教程》，张培基，上海外语教育出版社，2009 年。

《英语笔译实务》 (三级 )最新修订版，张春柏，外文出版社，2009 年。

四、题型
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方
法。

考试包括词语翻译和英汉互译共两个部分，总分为150 分。

1、词语翻译
要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30 个汉 /英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。

汉/英文各 15 个，每个 1 分，总分 30 分。

2、英汉互译
要求考生较为准确地翻译出所给的文章，英译汉为 350-450 个单词，汉译英为 250-350 个汉字，各占 60 分，总分 120 分。

《英语翻译基础》考试内容一览表
序号题型题量分值词语英译汉15 个英文术语、缩略语或专有名词15 1
15 个中文术语、缩略语或专有名词15
翻译汉译英
英汉英译汉两段或一篇文章，350-450 个单词。

60 2
250-350 个汉字。

60 互译汉译英两段或一篇文章，
总计150。

◆资源环境类Practice 83One of nature’s most dest ructive forces is the tornado, a violent windstorm that takes the shape of a rotating column of air. Tornadoes almost always occur in conjunction with severe thunderstorms that produce high winds, heavy rainfall and damaging hail. Though their cause is unknown, tornadoes are believed to be the result of the convergence of strong upward wind currents inside a storm with upper level winds above the storm; the greater the air contrast, the more violent the storm will be. The United States has more tornadoes, approximately 750 tornadoes reported each year, than any other country in the world because this is where arctic and tropical air masses most frequently converge.参考译文及解析【参考译文】自然界最具破坏性的力量之一是龙卷风，它是一种旋转的柱状强烈风暴。

龙卷风几乎总是与强烈的雷暴并列发生，雷暴能引发大风，暴雨和破坏性的冰雹。

虽然它们的起因尚未知晓，但人们认为龙卷风是由暴风雨中上升的强气流与暴风上方的风的会聚造成；气流对比越明显，龙卷风的威力也就越大。