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[知识要点梳理]
一、英语句子按用途可分为四类：
1、陈述句：用来说明事实或说话人的看法，包括肯定句和否定句。
如：He is a doctor.
I didn’t go to school yesterday.
2、祈使句：用来表示请求、命令。如：Be quiet！
Don’t play with fire！
3、问句：用来提出问题。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
如：Do you like English？
What time is it?
Does he like playing football or playing basketball?
They went out, didn’t they？
4、感叹句：用来表达强烈的感情。如：What a fine day it is！
How beautiful！
二、用法讲析：
1、陈述句：中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。几种常见形式：
(1)含有谓语动词be，变否定时，be后加not即be not……
I am a teacher → I am not a teacher.
There are some books→There are not any books.
(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如：work live)时，要用助动词do/does/did + not
+ 动词原形。
如：They like swimming→They don’t like swimming.
I came late → I didn’t come late
(3) 句中含有all，both的句子，变完全否定时，要将all→none, both→neither,
both…and…→ neither…nor…要注意谓语动词的变化。
如：All of us watched the TV → None of us watched the TV.
Both of them are students.→Neither of them is a student.
Both Tom and John have done the homework.→
Neither Tom nor John has done the homework.
(4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为have/has+not+done或
had+not+done
(5) had better do something变否定时为had better not do…
如：You’d better have a rest → You’d better not have a rest.
2、疑问句：
（1）一般疑问句：一般指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。
I Tom at home？ Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.
Can you swim？ Yes, I can./No, I can’t.
Have they been to Beijing？
Yes, they have./No, they haven’t.
（2）特殊疑问句：是以疑问词开头的疑问句。
常用疑问词what，where，who，how，what time，how long等其结构：疑问词+一般疑问句？
要注意使用一般疑问句的语序。.
My name is Mary→What is your name？
I usually get up at 6:30→When do you get up？
注意：疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时，语序不变即疑问词（疑问词+被修饰词）+动词+其他？
Han Mei is on duty Today.→Who is on duty today？
My ruler is blue.→Whose ruler is blue？
还应注意：特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No回答，应问什么答什么。
（3）选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种。这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。其结构：“一般疑问句+or+其他？”
Is her brother a doctor↗or a↘teacher? 前升后降
Shall we go to the cinema on↗Saturday or on↘Sunday？
注意：回答时不用Yes或No，直接回答（根据事实回答）。
如：—Does he like English or Chinese？
—He likes Chinese.
（4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句之后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句+ 简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句+ 简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。如：
It looks like rain，doesn’t it？
He doesn't need to work so late, does he？
学习反意疑问句，特别要注意以下的一些特殊情况：
①陈述部分的主语是this，that时，疑问部分的主语多用it；陈述部分的主
语是these，those时，疑问部分的主语是they。如：
This is a dictionary, isn’t it？
Those are shelves, aren’t they？
②陈述句如果是there be 结构时，疑问部分仍用there。如:
There once was a man named Saint Nicholas，wasn’t there？
③陈述部分的谓语是had better（最好）时，疑问部分用hadn’t来体现。
如：You’d better have a good rest, hadn’t you？
④陈述句的谓语动词是have(has)to（必须）时，疑问部分用助动词do或does
来体现。如：
They have to go there, don’t they？
He has to leave early, doesn’t he？
⑤陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的ing形式或从句时，疑问部分的主语
多用it来体现。如：
Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it?
What he said is right, isn’t it？
⑥陈述句中含有not、no、hardly、neither、never、few、little、too…to等否
定词或是具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。如：
Few people knew the news, did they？
Tom has never been to England, has he？
但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时，整个句子仍视为肯定句，反意疑问部分多用否定形式。
如：She is unhappy, isn’t she？
