文献翻译—重型越野汽车断开式驱动桥的研发

附录附录A 外文文献原文A1 Establish and research on CA/CAE sysytem of automobile drive axle housing based on virtual prototype technologyVirtual prototype refer to a model which is in the step of product progress, occurring in the computer realm,, aiming at the optimization based on the CAD model used to stimulating analysis product. Virtual prototype in mainly used for test which was failed by physical test. Based on the result which is drawn from the stimulation result, it is easy to modify and guide design, until reach the optimistic designAutomobile drive axle housing is a main part of a mobile. disconnect drive axle housing is used for bearing the mobile’s weight ,transferring the load to the wheels Drawing force, braking force lateral force and vertical force are transferred to frame and compartment by drive axle housing. So drive axle housing is either a bearing or a transmission item. If not correctly designed or some problem occurred while manufacturing, drive axle housing may deformed or fracture. As a traditional design method is so costly that is necessary to introduce the virtual prototype technology.A1.1 design schemeTraditional design method for drive axle housing is firstly giving a scheme ,manufacturing , a sample item then a series test (such as stiffness test bending fatigue test and static strenth test )is carried out Apparently this method is very money consuming ,and the final parameter may be not optimal .if adopt the Virtual prototype technology stimulazing kinds of working condition of drive axle housing ,and draw a series of optimal parameters .Based on these parameter the physical machine are carried out to do physical test .this method can save time ,cutting the cost ,thus bring in huge benefit to theenterprise.Modern trial production progress vary largely to the traditional one .As depicted ,in the picture ,A loop is absent in the traditional drive axle housing making virtual prototype can assess the cost quality and manufacturability on the computer. If the assessment is not satisfying, it is necessary to adjust .repeat a loop until reach a ideal parameter.This scheme design a software terrace, providing a interface for Solidworks patron and Nastron ,using superiority of this professional software ,and develop these software ,but a drive axle housing product design terrace.Considering the question of improving the analysis efficiency and simplifying finite element ,this system adopt a method which uses parametric modeling that is totally different from do make up for CAD model .And the CAD model is only used for oversight A1.2 Parameterized Modeling by SolidWorksThey are all available for second-time development of SolidWorks for the softwares that support OLE and COM. Because of design requirements, the development software of the system is Delphi and second development software of SolidWorks is OLE. The copyright of SolidWorks is 2006. To use this method, it must be registered for auto-severed including files sldworks.tlb and element files that filenames are SldWorks_TLB.pas severed by SolidWorks under Delphi program environment, and they are available after programs are complied.The topology structure of SolidWorks is typically five layers topology structure. A part is consist of bodies, and bodies include surfaces, and surfaces include edges, and edges include curves and points. It may use record in delphi to define bodies, surfaces and points these data structure and apply respectively to store topology information. The steps of the parameterized modeling of CAD by SolidWorks are as follows: firstly, it must be defined correctly for the relationship between automobile dimension and other dimensions. Secondly, initialize the various record and auto-product the drawing of axle housing using API function. Lastly, it is available for users to check the CAD model and modify variousdimensions on the plate. The program can auto-modify the other relative dimensions and redraw the picture in SolidWorks by using the relationships that have been defined previously.A1.3 Patran & Nastran FEA analysisA1.3.1 PCL programMSC/PATRAN provides a fully functions program language for users, as PCL. PCL provide abundant of tables and menus and allow users to read and write all information in Patran database, which structure is similar with C language. The paper develops the analysis module of the automobile drive axle housing, which includes parameterize modeling, ALE, material definition, load cases definition, Nastran analysis submitted and results post-possessing and other functions.There are no special develop environment in PCL, generally the codes are written in test editor and saved as *.pcl format, and then the files are pre-compiled as *.cpp format in DOS, and debug them in Patran at last. The detail operates are as follows:Pre-compile *.pcl file:cpp *.pcl *.cppdebug *.cpp file in patran:!!input *.cppWhen starting, Patran will execute init.pcl file under its root catalogue. The file includes two commands:!!INPUT p3prolog.pcl and !!IPUT p3epilog.pcl. As pre-compile these two files when Patran starts. Users can write commands to initialize Patran starting viewport. For example, write commands：!!iput C:\MSC.Software\MSC.Patran\2005_r2\ rearhouse.cpp and rearhouse.init() in p3epilog.pcl, in which, rearhouse.cpp is the second-time development program for automobile drive axle housing. It will influence the starting speed, for this, users can write self-definition functions and compile them into a database, which Patran can call directly. The method is that:Input commands in Patran:!!COMPLIE rearhouse.cpp into rearhouse.plb!!library rearhouse.plb!!llibrar keepopen rearhouse.plbAs this, Patran can load including files when it starts and the speed is rather fast. For initialize the viewport, users need to input that: rearhouse,init().A1.3.2 Program Design FlowcharThe FEA parameterize modeling part is implemented as follows:Input various key parameters into delphi, and they will be compiled and format a file whose suffix is .cpp. The contents of init.pcl can be modified by dephi. As that, users can enter Patran by click “FEA parameterize modeling” in this system, and they will see a new file, whose drawing zone has complete FEA module. The program parts don’t need to communicate with users and just like a back program. In this progress it will need API function of Windows system.Due to they require high communicate for ALE, material definition, load cases definition, Nastran analysis submitted and results post-possessing and other functions, which are not convenient for delphi to control directly, these parts will be written by PCL. Patran may copy the .CPP files to the catalog such as “C:\MSC.Software\MSC.Patra\2005_r2”, and modify the relative contents in init.pcl file.Allowing for the special features of housing modeling and computing speed of computers, the program all use shell elements to simulate housing. Therefore it use sgm_const_surface_extrude() to product shell function when modeling, and use fem_create_mesh_surf_4() to mesh when FEA meshing.A1.4 Software application exampleThis software is established by the delphi computer language. After enter the system, preliminary design of automobile drive axle housing by basis mechanics must be completed to define the key dimension, then CAE/CAD modeling and analyzing of various operating conditions should be starting. The software interface is shown in the Figure A1, Figure A2shows the solid model of axle housing by SolidWorks parameterized modeling.Figure A1 The software interfaceFigure A2 The solid model of axle housingTable A1 illustrates material parameters whichComponent Material Modulus of elasticity Poisson ratio Density7.8E-6Drive axle housing QT400-15 1.962E8 KPa 0.3kg/mm^37.9E-6Half axle casing 45Mn2 2.1E8 KPa 0.28kg/mm^3 Five operating conditions are analyzed by Patran&Nastran in this system, which are shown in Figure A5, static of 2.5 times full load, driving by the maximum drawing force, brake of full load, turning around of full load, brake of full load in turning around.Longitudinal direction, side direction, vertical direction and revolve of longitudinal direction constraints are laid on at the center of steel plate spring. Load is laid on at the half axle casing, which resulting stress is inconsistent with actual condition, bringing no impact on stress of other parts of axle housing. The result shows that Tresca stress on wheel side is larger in Table A3.Table A2 The stress of axle housing of 5 operating conditionsStatic of 2.5times full loadDriving by the maximum drawing force Brake of full load Turning around of full load Brake of full loadin turning aroundStress in criticalsection 17587 93.5 158 205 The allowable stress of axle housing is 400MPa, the design is very safe, which shown in the Table A2. Figure 8 illustrates the distribution of stress nearby the steel plate spring.Figure A3 The distribution of stress nearby the steel plate springTable A3 illustrates the former 9th order natural frequency of automobile drive axle housing by this system.Table A3 The former 9th order natural frequency Order1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Frequency 181.47 265.91 433.24 614.33 658.76 1119.9 1166 1347.4 1399.6Since the road is not absolutely smooth, automobile natural frequency often occurbetween 1~20Hz. Resonance of axle housing won’t be caused. This result is reasonable.Figure A4 The 1st order mode of vibration附录B 外文文献中文翻译A1 基于虚拟样机技术的汽车驱动桥桥壳CAD/CAE系统的建立于研究虚拟样机是指在产品设计阶段，在计算机世界中，以优化设计思想为指导，以产品CAD模型为基础，利用各种相关CAE分析软件，进行产品主要性能仿真分析的数字模型㈣。

重型自卸汽车设计（驱动桥总成设计）摘要驱动桥作为汽车四大总成之一，它的性能的好坏直接影响整车性能，对于重型自卸汽车也很重要。

驱动桥位于传动系的末端，它的基本功用是将传动轴或变速器传来的转矩增大并适当减低转速后分配给左、右驱动轮，另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的垂直力，纵向力和横向力。

通过提高驱动桥的设计质量和设计水平，以保证汽车良好的动力性、安全性和通过性。

此次重型自卸汽车驱动桥设计主要包括：主减速器、差速器、轮边减速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳进行设计。

主减速器采用中央减速器附轮边减速器的形式，且中后桥采用双级贯通式布置形式，国内外多桥驱动的重型自卸汽车大多数采用这种布置形式；本设计主减速器采用了日益广泛应用的双曲面齿轮；差速器设计采用普通对称圆锥行星差速器；车轮传动装置采用全浮式半轴；驱动桥壳采用整体型式；并对驱动桥的相关零件进行了校核。

本文驱动桥设计中，利用了CAD绘图软件表达整体装配关系和部分零件图。

关键词：驱动桥、主减速器、差速器、半轴、双曲面齿轮THE DESIGN OF HEAVY SELF UNLOADINGTRUCK(THE DESIGN OF TRANSAXLE ASSEMBLY)ABSTRACTDrive axle is the one of automobile four important assemblies. It’s performance directly influences on the entire automobile，especially for the heavy self unloading truck . Driving axle set at the end of the transmission system. The basic function of driving axle is to increase the torque transported from the transmission shaft or transmission and decrease the speed ,then distribute it to the right、left driving wheel, another function is to bear the vertical force、lengthways force and transversals force between the road surface and the body or the frame. In order to obtain a good power performance, safety and trafficability characteristic, engineers must promote quality and level of designDriving axle design of the heavy self unloading truck mainly contains: main reduction, differential, wheel border reduction, transmitted apparatus of wheel and the housing of driving axle. The main reducer adopts central reduction along with wheel border reduction. And also the design have the same run-through structure between middle transaxle and the rear one with heavy trucks home and abroad that have several transaxles. Hypoid gear, a new type gear is a good choice for the main reducer of heavy self unloading truck. The differential adopted a common, symmetry, taper, planet gear. Transmission apparatus of wheel adopted full floating axle shaft, and the housing of driving axle adopted the whole pattern,and proofread interrelated parts.During the design process, CAD drafting software is used to expresses the wholes to assemble relationship and part drawing by drafting.Key words：driving axle, the main reducer，differential, wheel border reduction, half shaft, hypoid gear目录第一章绪论 (1)§ 1.1 驱动桥简介 (1)§ 1.2 驱动桥设计的要求 (1)第二章驱动桥的结构方案分析 (3)第三章驱动桥主减速器设计 (6)§ 3.1 主减速器简介 (6)§ 3.2 主减速器的结构形式 (6)§ 3.3 主减速器的齿轮类型 (6)§ 3.4 主减速器主动齿轮的支承型式 (7)§ 3.5 主减速器的减速型式 (8)§ 3.6 主减速器的基本参数选择与设计计算 (8)§ 3.6.1 主减速比的确定 (8)§ 3.6.2 主减速器齿轮计算载荷的确定 (9)§ 3.6.3 主减速器齿轮基本参数选择 (10)§ 3.6.4 主减速器双曲面锥齿轮设计计算 (12)§ 3.6.5 主减速器双曲面齿轮的强度计算 (21)§ 3.7 主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理 (25)§ 3.8主减速器第一级圆柱齿轮副设计 (26)§ 3.8.1基本参数设计计算 (26)§ 3.8.2圆柱齿轮几何参数计算 (27)§ 3.9轮边减速器设计及计算 (28)§ 3.9.1轮边减速器方案的确定 (28)§ 3.9.2轮边减速器各齿轮基本参数的确定 (28)§ 3.9.3各齿轮几何尺寸计算 (29)第四章差速器设计 (31)§ 4.1差速器简介 (31)§ 4.2 差速器的结构形式的选择 (31)§ 4.2.1 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的差速原理 (32)§ 4.2.2 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的结构 (33)§ 4.3差速器齿轮主要参数的选择 (33)§ 4.4差速器齿轮的几何尺寸计算与强度校核 (36)第五章驱动车轮的传动装置 (39)§ 5.1车轮传动装置简介 (39)§ 5.2半轴的型式和选择 (39)§ 5.3半轴的设计计算与校核 (39)§ 5.4半轴的结构设计及材料与热处理 (41)第六章驱动桥壳设计 (42)§ 6.1 驱动桥壳简介 (42)§ 6.2 驱动桥壳的结构型式及选择 (42)§ 6.3 驱动桥壳强度分析计算 (43)§ 6.3.1当牵引力或制动力最大时 (43)§ 6.3.2通过不平路面垂直力最大时 (44)第七章结论 (46)参考文献 (47)致谢 (48)附录A (49)第一章绪论§ 1.1 驱动桥简介在科学技术快速发展的今天，随着汽车工业的不断进步，汽车的各项性能指标也在不断提高，作为传动系末端的驱动桥的设计，更要有进一步的改进，以适应市场的需要，促进汽车行业的发展。

断开式驱动桥有限元研究王希诚东风汽车公司技术中心断开式驱动桥有限元研究The Finite Element Analysis Method ofthe Divide Axle王希诚（东风汽车集团技术中心）摘要：本文以某越野车断开式驱动桥为研究对象，利用HyperWorks进行仿真计算。

通过与该桥壳破坏试验结果的对比分析，验证该断开式桥壳分析方法的可行性。

关键词：有限元断开式桥壳Abstract By using the HyperWorks simulation, the paper is studied the divide axle. Compared with the result of the destructive test, confirms the feasibility of the analysis method.Keyword：FEM，Divide Axle1 前言断开式驱动桥总是与独立悬挂相匹配，又称为独立悬挂驱动桥。

断开式驱动桥的簧下质量较小，又与独立悬挂相配合，致使驱动车轮与地面的接触情况与对各种地形的适应性比较好，由此可大大地减小汽车在不同路面上行驶时的振动和车厢倾斜；提高汽车的行驶平顺性和平均行驶速度；减小车轮和车桥上的动载荷及零件的损坏，提高其可靠性及使用寿命。

由于断开式驱动桥及与其相配的独立悬挂的结构复杂，故这种结构主要见于对平顺性要求较高的一部分轿车及一些越野车。

越野车对越野性能要求比较高，开发的新一代越野车多采用断开式驱动桥。

鉴于目前重型货车多采用非断开式驱动桥，CAE仿真分析的工作者就非断开式驱动桥展开了很多工作；但断开式驱动桥的有限元分析工作却仅在各单位内部开展。

为了丰富各种桥壳的分析方法，特写此文，希望能达到抛砖引玉的作用。

2 模型介绍2.1 处理软件说明分析中采用HyperMesh 软件进行前、后处理，计算采用HyperWorks 的 OptiStruct 求解器进行计算。

越野车转向驱动桥及其悬架系统设计开题报告预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制XXXXXXXX开题报告（_20XX_届）年月日悬架是汽车中的一个重要总成，它把车架与车轮弹性地联系起来，关系到汽车的多种使用性能。

从外表上看如图1-1，轿车悬架仅是由一些杆、筒以及弹簧组成，但千万不要以为它很简单，相反轿车悬架是一个较难达到完美要求的汽车总成，这是因为悬架既要满足汽车的舒适性要求，又要满足其操纵稳定性的要求，而这两方面又是互相对立的。

比如，为了取得良好的舒适性，需要大大缓冲汽车的震动，这样弹簧就要设计得软些，但弹簧软了却容易使汽车发生刹车“点头”、加速“抬头”以及左右图1-1悬架系统结构图侧倾严重的不良倾向，不利于汽车的转向，容易导致汽车操纵不稳定等。

独立悬架的结构特点是车桥做成断开的，每一侧的车轮可以单独的通过弹性悬架与车架（车身）连接，两侧车轮可以单独跳动，互不影响。

轿车和载重量1t以下的货车前悬架广为采用独立悬架，轿车后悬架上也在逐渐采用独立悬架，越野车、矿用车和大客车的前悬架也有一些采用独立悬架。

独立悬架的优点是：簧下质量小；悬架占用的空间小；弹性元件只承受垂直力，所以可以用刚度小的弹簧，使车身振动频率降低，改善了汽车行驶平顺性；由于采用断开式车轴，所以能降低发动机的位置高度，使整车的质心高度下降，改善了汽车的行驶稳定性；左、右车轮独自运动互不影响，可减少车身的倾斜和振动，同时在起伏的路面上能获得良好的地面附着能力；独立悬架可提供多种方案供设计人员选用，以满足不同设计要求。

独立悬架的缺点是结构复杂，成本较高，维修困难。

这种悬架主要用于乘用车和部分质量不大的商用车上。

2. 选题依据、主要研究内容、研究思路及方案。

一、选题依据汽车驱动桥位于传动系的末端。

其基本功用是增扭、降速和改变转矩的传递方向，即增大由传动轴或直接从变速器传来的转矩，并将转矩合理的分配给左右驱动车轮；其次，驱动桥还要承受作用于路面或车身之间的垂直力，纵向力和横向力，以及制动力矩和反作用力矩等。

KD1060型货车驱动桥设计摘要驱动桥主要包括驱动桥壳、主减速器、差速器和两个后桥半轴，本次设计后桥为驱动桥。

驱动桥是汽车传动系主要总成之一，具有承载车身和驱动汽车的功用。

根据本次设计的车型和技术参数要求及现有的生产技术水平，为降低生产成本，使该车具有良好的燃油经济性，操纵性和结构简单的特点，决定本次设计采用以下形式:差速器为普通对称式圆锥齿轮差速器；半轴的形式为全浮式半轴；驱动桥壳为焊接整体式桥壳。

作为非断开式驱动桥。

因此驱动桥设计应当满足如下基本要求：1. 所选择的主减速比应能保证汽车具有最佳的动力性和燃料经济性；2. 外形尺寸要小，保证有必要的离地间隙；3. 齿轮及其它传动件工作平稳，噪声小；4. 结构简单，加工工艺性好，制造容易，拆装，调整方便。

在说明书的计算部分，说明了主要参数选择的依据，对主减速器，差速器，半轴和驱动桥壳进行了尺寸和强度计算。

此外，还计算了主减速器支撑轴承的寿命。

本文提供了关于以上计算的详细计算依据、步骤和计算数据。

关键词：驱动桥，主减速器，差速器，半轴DRIVING AXLE DESIGN OF KD1060 TRUCKABSTRACTThe driving axle includes a shell of drive axle,a main decelerator, a differentional, and two axle shafts. The rear axle acts as the driving axle in this project. The rear axle is an important component of the truck, which is used to bear the frame and drive the truck.According the design of the car and the ability of the manufacture technology at the present,in order to deciline the cost of the production and make sure the car had a better quality and proper price，The type of the design as follow:the common symmetric conic gear differentional;the floating axle shaft;the welding banjo axle housing driving axle case.So it needs some basic requirement to design.1. We should choose suitable gear ratio ,so that we can get best dynamic property and fuel economy in giving special conditions;2 .The small overall dimensions of vehicle can be sure enough ground clearance ;3 .The gear and other driving parts work no vibration and noise ;4 .The structure should be simple and the technological efficiency should be good .It also should be easy to repair and adjust .The calculation section of this paper is mainly concerning about the physical dimension of the gear of the main drive, the diff, the driving axle, the driving axle housing and the strength of them. In addition, the life of the bearing of the main drive is also calculated in this section. Majority of computations basis, the step and the estimated data for these project are advanced in paper.KEY WORDS: driving axle, final drive, differential, rear suspension前言本课题是对KD1060货车驱动桥的结构设计。

四驱越野车转向驱动桥的设计1前言转向驱动桥在四驱越野车中是指具有转向功能的驱动桥。

其主要功能一是把分动器传出的功率经其减速后传递给车轮使车轮转动;二是通过转向器把方向盘所受的转矩传递给转向杆从而使车轮转向。

改革开放以来,随着汽车工业的飞速发展，人民生活水平的提高，高速公路、高等级公路的不断建设，汽车正逐渐进入家庭，成为人们生活的一部分。

同时随着我国加入世界贸易组织，通用、福特、日产、丰田……一批世界一流汽车生产企业纷纷进入中国，市场竞争日趋激烈.入世后，技术竞争将是我国汽车工业面临的最大挑战。

本课题是结合科研进行工程设计。

由于四驱越野车的普及，因而对于转向驱动桥是非常需要的。

为了让越野车能更好的适应野外的行驶，对于转向驱动桥提出了以下要求:a.车轮转向要达到45?b.方向盘向各边能转动2.5圈c.前轮采用麦弗逊悬架在老师的指导下，首先进行了方案论证。

经过讨论与研究，对于桥壳部分改变了以前的非断开式，最终确定对于主减速器部分仍采用整体式而两端分别装一球面滚轮式万向节。

在转向节部分采用球笼式万向节，转向器采用循环球式转向器。

由于转向驱动桥最终要于其它部分组合在一起组成四驱车，所以整个设计过程要考虑最终的组装。

我们根据厂方提供的数据首先对驱动桥进行了详细的分析。

然后根据分析的结果，计算各部分的轴向力、扭矩、传动比以及功率。

进而对各部分进行设计。

转向驱动桥改变了以往的非断开式桥壳，使其更适和在一些非平坦路面上行驶。

本课题新颖实用，在技术上有较大改进，具有较强的竞争力。

本转向驱动桥将具有很大的市场前景。

考文献参[1] 胡迪青, 梁高福，胡于进，李成刚.重型越野车驱动桥智能设计系统[J].华中理工大学学报，1999,(11):27-30.[2] 胡迪青, 易建军, 胡于进, 李成刚.基于模块化的越野汽车驱动桥方案设计及性能综合评价[J].机械设计与制造工程,2000,(03): 12-15. [3] 陈效华, 余剑飞, 龙思源.驱动桥集成建模系统概要设计[J].汽车工程,2003,(01):42-43.[4] 吴瑞明, 周晓军, 赵明岩, 潘明清.汽车驱动桥的疲劳检测分析[J].汽车工程,2003,(03):21-24.[5] 王红, 方晓红, 谷书伟, 王明训.东方红LF80-904WD前驱动桥的结构改进[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2001,(01):44-45.. 地下装载机驱动桥壳强度计算[J].工程机械,2002,(08):33-34. [6] 高梦熊[7] 曲补和!030009. 地下矿车用驱动桥的国产[J].山西机械,1999,(S1):33-35.[8] 陈家瑞. 汽车构造(上册) [M].北京:机械工业出版社，2000. [9] 陈家瑞. 汽车构造(下册) [M].北京:机械工业出版社，2000. [10] 王望予. 汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社，2000. [11] 徐灏主编.新编机械设计师手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社，1995. [12] 汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册:(设计篇) [M].北京:人民交通出版社，2001.[13] 汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册:(基础篇) [M].北京:人民交通出版社，2001.[14] 成大先. 机械设计手册[M].(1,4册)北京:化学工业出版社，1993. [15]何光里. 汽车运用工程师手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社，1999. [16] 甘永力. 几何量公差与检测[M].上海:科学技术出版社，2001. [17] 刘惟信. 汽车车桥设计[M].北京:清华出版社，2003. [18] 陈秀宁, 施高义. 机械设计课程设计[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社，1995. [19] 王宗荣. 工程图学[M].北京:机械工业出版社，2001.[20] 徐锦康. 汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社，2001.1 转向驱动桥总装图 4WD-YY-04-00-00A02 主减速器 4WD-YY-04-01-00 A03 转向器 4WD-YY-04-02-00 A14 转向器壳体 4WD-YY-04-02-01 A15 上盖 4WD-YY-04-02-02 A36 螺杆 4WD-YY-04-02-03 A37 ”壑 4WD-YY-04-02-04 A38 螺母 4WD-YY-04-02-05 A39 侧盖 4WD-YY-04-02-06 A310从动齿轮 4WD-YY-04-01-01 A311行星齿轮 4WD-YY-04-01-02 A412半轴齿轮 4WD-YY-04-01-03 A4。

1 前言本设计课题是改进CA7204型汽车驱动桥的设计。

故本说明书将以“驱动桥设计”内容对驱动桥及其主要零部件的结构型式、设计计算及性能分析作一一介绍。

汽车驱动桥位于传动系的末端，其基本功用是增大由传动轴或直接从变速器传来的转矩，将转矩合理的分配给左、右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动学所要求的差速功能。

驱动桥的设计，由驱动桥的结构组成、功用、工作特点及设计要求讲起，详细地分析了驱动桥总成的结构型式及布置方法；全面介绍了驱动桥车轮的传动装置和桥壳的各种结构型式、设计计算方法与性能分析。

汽车驱动桥是汽车的重大总成，承载着汽车的满载簧荷重及地面经车轮、车架及承载式车身经悬架给予的铅垂力、纵向力、横向力及其力矩，以及冲击载荷；驱动桥还传递着传动系中的最大转矩，桥壳还承受着反作用力矩。

汽车驱动桥结构型式和设计参数除对汽车的可靠性与耐久性有重要影响外，也对汽车的行驶性能如动力性、经济性、平顺性、通过性、机动性和操动稳定性等有直接影响。

另外，汽车驱动桥在汽车的各种总成中也是涵盖机械零件、部件、分总成等的品种最多的大总成。

例如，驱动桥包含主减速器、差速器、半轴、桥壳和各种齿轮。

由上述可见，汽车驱动桥设计涉及的机械零部件及元件的品种极为广泛，对这些零部件、元件及总成的制造也几乎要设计到所有的现代机械制造工艺。

因此，通过对汽车驱动桥的学习和设计实践，可以更好的学习并掌握现代汽车设计与机械设计的全面知识和技能。

他有以下两大难题，一是将发动机输出扭矩通过变速箱将动力传递到差速器上，达到更好的车轮牵引力与转向力的有效发挥，从而提高汽车的行驶能力。

二是差速器向两边半轴传递动力的同时，允许两边半轴以不同的转速旋转，满足两边车轮尽可能以纯滚动的形式作不等距行驶，减少轮胎与地面的摩擦。

本课题的设计思路可分为以下几点：首先选择初始方案，CA7204型轿车属于乘用车，采用发动机横置前轮驱动，所以设计的驱动桥结构需要符合乘用车的结构要求；接着选择各部件的结构形式；最后选择各部件的具体参数，设计出各主要尺寸，再通过各部件的具体参数进行cruise的性能分析，然后对各参数进行优化设计所设计的CA7204型轿车驱动桥制造工艺性好、外形美观，工作更稳定、可靠。

驱动桥分为断开式驱动桥和非断开式驱动桥。

为了提高汽车行驶的平顺性和通过性有些轿车和越野车采用断开式驱动桥。

桥车和一般轻中型货车采用单级主减速器即可满足动力性的要求，它具有体积小，结构简单，质量小和传动效率高等优点。

单级主减速器中准双曲面齿轮广泛运用于轿车，轻型货车。

也越来越多地在中重型货车上得到采用。

这是因为它与曲线齿锥齿轮相比，不仅齿轮工作平稳性更好，齿轮的弯曲强度和接触强度更高，还具有主动锥齿轮的轴线可相对从动锥齿轮的轴线偏移的特点。

根据发动机特性和汽车使用条件，要求主减速器有较大的主传动比时，由一对锥齿轮构成的单级主减速器已不能保证足够的最小离地间隙，这时则需要采用双对齿轮来实现降速的双级主减速器，解放CA1091型汽车即为双级主减速器。

在重型载货车，越野车或大型客车上，当要求有较大的主传动比和较大的离地间隙时，往往将双级主减速器中的第二级减速齿轮机构制成同样的两套，分别安装在两侧驱动轮的近旁，称为轮边减速器，此时第一级即称为主减速器。

为充分提高汽车的动力性和经济性，有些汽车用具有两挡传动比的主减速器。

即为双速减速器。

有些多桥驱动的越野汽车，为使结构简化，部分通用性好以及便于形成系列产品，通常工用贯通式驱动桥。

汽车上广泛采用的是对称式锥齿轮差速器。

微型及部分轻型载货汽车和大部分轿车的车桥，因主减速器输出的转矩不大，古可用两个行星齿轮。

为了提高汽车在坏路面上的通过能力，可采用各种形式的防滑差速器。

最简单的方法是在对称式锥齿轮差速器上设置差速锁使之成为强制锁止式差数器。

强制锁止式差速器的差速结构简单，易于制造；但操纵不便，一般要在停车时进行，所以有些越野车采用了在行驶过程中能根据路面情况自动改变驱动轮间转矩分配的高摩擦自锁式差速器。

中、重型汽车常采用牙嵌式自由轮差速器。

牙嵌式自由轮差速器能在必要时使汽车变成单侧车轮驱动，其锁紧系数为1，明显提高了汽车的通过能力。

此外，他还具有工作可靠、使用寿命长等优点；其缺点是左右车轮传递扭矩时，时断时续，使车轮传动装置中的载荷不均匀，并加剧了磨损。

驱动桥综述张勤辉（重庆工学院汽车学院 104040501 班）摘要:本文阐述了汽车驱动桥的作用和重要性，总结了国内外驱动桥的主要零部件技术现状及其发展趋势。

同时,指出了我国驱动桥设计开发中存在的问题,提及到驱动桥设计的先进开发模式。

并从众多车桥厂生产的产品中总结、分析了未来驱动桥的发展方向。

关键词: 重要性现状设计新方法发展趋势Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the driving axles’role and importance, Technology Status and trends of drive axles’main Components in home and abroad has being summed up. Meanwhile, the national R&D of drive axle existing problems was analyzed. And from numerous Axles plants' products it Summarize and Analysis the future development of driving axles.K e y W o r d s：Importance；Status；New Design Method；Development trend1、引言近十几年来，我国汽车工业发展迅猛。

汽车工业的发展带动了零部件及相关产业的发展，作为汽车关键零部件之一的汽车驱动桥也得到相应的发展，各生产厂家在研发和生产过程中基本上形成了专业化、系列化、批量化的局面[1]。

汽车驱动桥是汽车的重要总成之一，驱动桥处于动力传动系的末端，主要由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳等组成,其基本功能是增大由传动轴或变速器传递的转矩，并将转矩合理的分配给左、右驱动轮，另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的垂直力、纵向力和横向力[2]。