大学计算机基础英语教学重点翻译
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A microprocessor contains many microscopic circuitry and millions of miniature components divided into kinds of operation unit, such as the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and the control unit.微处理器由很多微型电路和数以百万的微型器件组成，这些微型器件分为各种运算单元，如ALU 算术逻辑单元和控制单元。
The ALU is the part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction. It also performs logical operations such as comparing two numbers to see if they are the same.ALU 单元是微处理器执行算术运算，如加法和减法的一部分。
它还执行逻辑运算比如比较两个数字，以查看它们是否相同。
The control unit fetches each instruction and the corresponding data to be operated. The control unit gives the ALU command to begin processing, which may be addition or comparison.控制单元获取每个指令以及相应的数据操作。
控制单元给ALU 命令开始处理，操作可能是加法或比较。
Data refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things and ideas. Data becomes information when it is represented in a format that people can understand and use.数据是指表示人、事件、事物和观念的符号。
当数据被以一种人能够理解和使用的格式展现出来时就成了信息。
Because of the straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used internally by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices.由于数字电子线路中直接的实现利用逻辑门，因而二进制系统几乎被所有现代计算机和基于计算机的设备在内部使用。
The word bit is an abbreviation for binary digit, it can further abbreviated, usually as a lowercase b. A group of bits is called a byte and is usually abbreviated as an uppercase B.位（bit）这个词是二进制位的缩写，它可以进一步简化，通常作为小写字母b。
比特的一个组称为一个字节，通常缩写为大写 B.In the context of computer research, there are four types of number system: decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. One number represented as one type of number system can be converted into the number represented as another type of number system.在计算机的研究中，有四种类型的数字系统︰十进制、二进制、八进制和十六进制。
一个代表一种数字系统里的数字可以转换成表示为另一种数字系统中的数字。
There are three kinds of data representation: signed magnitude representation, one’s complement and two’s complement.有三种数据表示方法︰原码、反码、补码。
The one’s complement form of a negative binary number is the bitwise NOT applied to it –the complement of its positive counterpart.一个负二进制数的反码是取反，正数的反码是他的原码本身In two’s complement, negative numbers are represented by the bit pattern which is one greater (in an unsigned sense) than the one’s complement of the positi ve value.负数的补码是它对应的正数的补码加一（在无符号时）。
Inside the computer, Integer is represented as the form of two’s complement.在计算机内部整数被表示为补码形式。
English character data use ASCII coding standard. ASCII requires eight bits for each English character. The top of bit is always 0.英语字符数据使用ASCII 编码标准。
每个英语字符用ASCII 编码需要八位。
顶部的位始终是0。
Chinese character data use CCCII coding standard. CCCII requires two bytes for each Chinese character中文字符数据使用CCCII 编码标准。
每个汉字用CCCII编码需要两个字节。
To digitally record sound in the computer, samples of the sound wave are collected at periodic intervals and stored as numeric data.为了以数字的形式在电脑中记录声音，声波的样品在定期的间隔被收集并被存储为数值数据。
Sampling rate refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process.采样率是指声音在录制过程中每秒被测量的次数。
Quantization depth refers to the size of binary number.量化深度是指二进制数的大小。
A bitmap graphic, also called a raster graphic or simply a bitmap, is composed of a grid of dots. The color of each dot is stored as a binary number.位图图形，也称为光栅图形或只是一个位图，由一个网格点组成。
每个点的颜色被存储为二进制数。
The resolution of a graphic is usually expressed as the number of horizontal and vertical pixels it contains.图形分辨率通常表示为它包含的水平和垂直像素数。
Color depth is the number of colors available for use in an image.颜色深度是可用于在图像中的颜色数目。
Digital devices use programs to process data.数字设备使用程序来处理数据。
Programmers create programs that control digital devices. These programs are usually written in a high-level programming language, such as C, C++, Basic, Cobol or Java.程序员创建控制数字设备的程序。
这些程序通常都用高级编程语言，如C、C + +、Basic，Cobol 或Java 编写。
The procedure for translating source code into 0s and 1s can be accomplished by a compiler or an interpreter.把源代码翻译成机器二进制语言的程序可以由编译器或解释器来完成。
A compiler converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of instructions, called object code is placed in a new file. The object code is linked with some supporting system files to form an executable file.编译器处理单个批处理程序中的所有语句，生成的称为目标代码的指令集合被放在一个新的文件中。
目标代码与一些支持的系统文件链接在一起形成一个可执行文件。
As an alternative to a compiler, an interpreter converts and executes one statement at a time while the program is running. After a statement is executed, the interpreter converts and executes the next statement, and so on.作为编译器的一个替代品，在程序运行时解释器一次转换和执行一条语句。
