英语特殊句式
考点一 主谓一致
1．people，cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式，但family，class，team，group，public等集体名词作主语时，如果把它们作为一个整体看待，谓语动词应用单数形式；如果强调的是个体成员，谓语动词应用复数形式。
The flooded family is made up of ten people，so the clothing is badly needed.
遭受洪灾的家庭由十人组成，因此衣服十分紧缺。
2．如果主语由“more than one＋n.”或“many a＋n.”构成，谓语动词用单数形式；如果主语由“more＋复数名词＋than one”构成，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.
不止一个男孩喜欢打篮球然而不止一个女生善长打棒球。
3．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes.
要么是你要么是你的秘书必须检查一下演讲稿并把错误改过来。
4．如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as ，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。
Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.(2009年高考陕西卷)
Dr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。
In my opinion，he rather than you，is to blame.
依我看来，他，而不是你该受遣责。
5．单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据名词的意义来确定谓语动词的单、复数形式。
Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result，the number of the milu deer is increasing.
人们采取了各种必要的措施来保护麋鹿，这种措施对我们来说很有价值，因此麋鹿的数量正在增长。
6．由each，every，no所修饰的作主语的名词即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday.
每个女生和男生希望参加星期天举办的英语晚会。
考点二 强调句型
1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.
只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't come to school yesterday.
是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。
2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that
从句”。
Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street?
你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？
Who was it that told you such a thing?
究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？
Why was it that you didn't come to the meeting yesterday?
究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？
3．“It was not until...that...”这个句型强调时间状语。
It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons.
直到他爸爸进来时，那个男孩才开始准备功课。
考点三 倒装句
1．完全倒装
(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。
Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点！公共汽车来了。
For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.(2009年高考福建卷)
那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。
【温馨提示】 上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。
Over it turns! 它翻过来了。
(2)表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。
(3)such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts，no one can deny them.
这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。
2．部分倒装
(1)So/Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)
Lily can't play table tennis. Neither can I.
莉莉不会打乒乓球。我也不会。
(2)否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。
John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never had I heard him talk so much.
约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时，在那之前，我从未听过他说那么多话。
By no means should you lose heart.你决不应该失去信心。
(3)hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers' energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。
(4)在so/such...that...句型中，若so/such...提到句首时。
So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
我觉得这个问题太难解决了以至于决定向汤姆征求建
议。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
(5)当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时。
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。
(6)用于as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)。
Child as he was，he made a living by himself.
尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。
Try as he would，he might fail again.
尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。
考点四 省略句
1．在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。
Unless(I am)invited，I won't go to the party.
除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。
When(you are)working，you must pay attention.
上班时，你必须全神贯注。
Get up early tomorrow，if not(you don't get up early)，you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。
2．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid, be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse, seem，try，want，wish等的后边。
—What's the matter with Della?
—Well，her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to.(2009年高考江苏卷)
——Della出什么事了？
——父母不允许Della参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。
—Will you join in the game?
一I'd be glad to.
——你愿意加入做游戏吗？
——我很高兴。
(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor?
—No，but I used to be.
——你是海员吗？
——不，但我过去是。
语法训练
1．It's not what we do once in a while________shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.
A．which B．that
C．how D．when
解析：考查强调句型的用法。句意：影响我们生活的不是我们偶尔做什么，而是我们一贯做什么。强调部分是句子的主语，空格部分应是强调句型中的that，故选B项。
答案：B
2．—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course，I have.It was in our village________it was made.
A．that B．where
C．when D．which
解析：本题考查强调句型用法。句意：——你看过电影《山楂树之恋》吗？——我当然看过。那部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。被强调部分为in our village，如改为普通句型为：It was made in our village.如选B项，为where引导的定语从句，但与上句在逻辑上不符
。
答案：A
3．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ________a decision.
A. they reached B. did they reach
C. they reach D. do they reach
解析：句意：他们只有在讨论这个问题几个小时后才做决定。“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句需用部分倒装句式，由从句中的“had discussed”可知主句应用一般过去时态。
答案：B
4． Was it on a lonely island ________he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A．where B．that
C．which D．what
解析：句意：是不是船沉了以后一个月他才在一个孤岛上被救？根据句中出现的it was 及强调句型的判断方法可确定该题考查强调句型。where，which和 what 均不能构成强调句型。判断强调句的方法是把it is/was和 that 去掉，剩下的句子在结构及意义上均完整，此处为强调句。
答案：B
5．(2011年高考安微卷)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which________saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
解析：句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原料，其余的被省下来用作其他用途。题中the rest of which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代 raw materials。the rest of“其余的，剩余的”作主语时谓语动词取决于其后所跟的名词，而 which 指代剩余的 raw materials，是复数名词，因此谓语动词应该用复数形式，根据前半句中的谓语动词 used 可知从句也要用一般过去时，所以选D。
答案：D
6．Hearing the bell ringing，out________.
A．rushing the children B．were rushing the children
C．rushed the children D．the children rushed
解析：句意：听到铃声，孩子们冲了出来。表示方位的副词位于句首，且主语为名词时，该句要全部倒装，即：副词＋谓语动词＋主语。
答案：C
7．I tried every means to reach my goal but failed.So desperate________that I almost lost heart.
A．I did feel B．did I feel
C．felt I D．I felt
解析：考查倒装句。后句句意：我是如此绝望以至于我几乎失去了信心。在“so/such...that...”结构中，so/such(连同它所直接修饰的成分共同)位于句首加强语气时，主句要采用倒装形式。本句中要把助动词did提至主语之前，故选B项。
答案：B
8．—What's all that noise?
—Just in front of the bus ________an injured man，all covered with blood.
A．where lies B．lies
C．does lie D．lying is
解析：考查倒装。当介词短语置于句首时，句子要使用全部倒装语序，本题中谓语动词lies直接提前。
答案：B
9．—Mum，I am afraid I won't do well in the coming test.
—Honey，________more careful，________you will make it.
A．is；so B．be；and
C．be；then D．being；and
解析：句意：——妈妈，我恐怕考不好了。——宝
贝，仔细些，你会考好的。考查“祈使句＋and＋简单句”这一结构，该句相当于“含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句”，即：If you are more careful，you will make it.
答案：B
10． More than a dozen students in that school________ abroad for further study every year.
A．sent B．are sent
C．have been sent D．have sent
解析：句意：每年那所学校有十多个学生被送到国外深造。more than a dozen“十多个”，谓语动词用复数；另外，句子的时间状语为every year，所以用一般现在时。
答案：B
11．The day before yesterday the police including one officer________searching for the murderer in that mountain.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：前天警察包括一个警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。police为集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
答案：D
12．Was it because of the heavy snowstorm in Europe________the flight had to be put off?
A.which B．so
C．why D．that
解析：考查强调句。这是强调句的一般疑问句，正常的语序是：It was because of the heavy snowstorm in Europe that the flight had to be put off.被强调部分是表示原因的状语。
答案：D
13．－The patient looks much better.________is it that has made him________ he is today?
－I think it is the medicine and patient care.
A．What；that B．That；that
C．What；what D．That；what
解析：如果将问句变为陈述句，则出现It is ________that has made him________he is today。很明显，第一空考查强调句型中的特殊疑问句；第二空则要引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少表语，故用关系词what。句意：——病人看起来好多了，是什么使得他成为今天这个样子的？——我觉得是药物和耐心照料(的缘故)吧。
答案：C
14．I really don't know________I put my wallet after I paid the bill.
A．where was it B．it was where that
C．where it was that D．where was it that
解析：句意：我真的不知道付了账之后我把钱包放在哪里了。强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，其语序为：疑问词＋it is/was＋that...。
答案：C
15．________she is not so cheerful________she used to be?
A．How it is that；as B．How is it that；as
C．Is it why；that D．Why `is it that；what
解析：句意：她怎么不像过去那样高兴了呢？强调句的特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋原句剩余部分？D项中的what不正确。
答案：B