动词及动词词组辨析
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动词和动词词组辨析 上海市风华初级中学 沈 洁
第一部分 知识点梳理
一、 动词辨析
1. borrow; lend; keep
borrow 借入（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常用于borrow sth. from sb. I borrowed a pen from
Mary yesterday.
lend 借出（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常用于lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb. -
Would you lend your MP4
to me
keep 保存，保留（引申为“借用”）能和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用 How long may I keep this
dictionary
2. cost; pay; spend; take
(形式)主语 谓语 宾语 补语
人 spend %
Time or money on sth./ (in)
doing sth.
物或事 cost money
事 take time or money
人 、
pay money
Jane ______ much money on pets.
This TV set ______ me much money.
It ______ me ten minutes to go to the post office.
We’ll ______ you in a few days.
3. carry; fetch; take; bring
bring 某人从某地带来某物
carry '
某人保持拿某物的状态
fetch 某人往返一趟取得某物
take 某人将某物从某地拿走
She ______ her baby in her arms.
_____ the rubbish away.
Remember to ______ me an umbrella. Go and _______ the dictionary.
4. invent; discover; create
invent :
通过想象或实验创造出以前不存在的东西 Bell invented the
telephone in 1876.
discover 发现早已存在，只是一直未被人发现或知道的东西 She discovered the dog
under the dog.
create 通过想象创造出新的人物形象或戏剧角色 He created many famous
characters.
5. memorize; remember
remember 指一件事或印象是在记忆中，多想想可以想得出 )
Hellen could not remember when
she had been so happy.
memorize 有意识地去“默记”或“熟记”以留下印象 My English teacher asked us to
memorize these new words.
6. raise; rise
raise 举起，提起，增加（及物动词） Tom raised his arms
above his head.
rise 人或物从低处向高处上升，数量增加（不及物动词） Look, the sun is
rising.
7. ~
8. look at; see; watch
watch 观看某个正在或将要发生、移动或变化的事物或事件等 He is watching TV.
see 看见某物（强调结果） It was so dark he could
hardly see.
look at 用视线投注在某物上（强调行为） Students are looking at
the teacher.
9. steal; rob
(
steal 暗中偷窃别人钱财（常用steal sth.
from sb.） My bike has been
stolen.
rob 用暴力抢劫别人财物(常用rob sb. of
sth.) She was robbed of her
ring.
10. say; speak; tell; talk
say 说（着重于所说的话。作及物动词时，后接名词、代词、动词不定式等或that/ wh-从句作宾语） His passport says he is
29.
speak !
说（着重开口发出的声音。多作不及物动词，如作及物动词，后接languages） I was so surprised that
I could not speak.
tell 告诉，讲给别人听 Tell you the truth.
talk 多作连续性的说话和交谈 They are talking
business.
11. damage; hurt
damage 常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受损或毁坏而失掉其价值、用途或外表 &
His car was damaged in
an accident.
hurt 指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害 He hurt his back when he
fell.
12. accept; receive
accept 接受（表示接受者经过考虑，愿意接受） I accepted the
invitation.
receive 收到（强调行为本身，不涉及收受者是否接受） I received an
invitation.
~
Yesterday I _____ a letter ______ Mary.
I did ________ his invitation but I didn’t _______ it.
13. arrive; get; reach
arrive 到达（不及物动词，后面跟地点时，必须加介词in或at） I arrived at bus stop.
get 到达（后接名词要加to; 表示到家用get home） When did you get home yesterday
evening
reach 到达（及物动词，后面直接跟表地点的名词） <
They reached Los Angeles on
Saturday.
二、 动词词组辨析
1. join; take part in; attend
join 加入组织 Tom joined the army when he was 18.
take part in 参加活动 He always takes part in outdoor
activities.
attend 、
出席 He attended a meeting.
2. be made of; be made up of
be made of 由…制成（在成品中可看见原料） The table is made of
wood.
be made up of 由…组成（指各个部分组成整体） The bridge model is
made up of many pieces
of paper.
3. be used to; used to
be used to （
(现在)习惯（be used to
sth./ doing sth.） I’m used to working with
him now.
used to 过去常常做某事（used to do） My father used to smoke.
4. happen; take place
happen （当主语为”事”）发生happen to
sb.；
（当主语为”人”）碰巧happen to
do When did the earthquake
happen
He happened to know the
place.
。
take
place 发生（指事先计划或预想到）；举行某种活动 The meeting took place at
8:00 as planned.
7. look for; find out; find
look for 寻找（强调行动） Kitty is looking for her dog.
find 找到（强调结果） I can’t find my car key.
find out ,
查明（具体事因，真相等） He wanted to find out what the
problem was.
三、 其他(1)
1. look
look after 照看，照料 look at看 look forward to doing sth.期待着
look like 看上去像 look out 注意 留神 look up查寻，抬头看
2. put
put off延期 put on穿，戴上，上演 put out扑灭 put up 举起，挂起
3. take
take a look看一看 take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信take up开始从事
—
take away拿走 take one’s advice听从某人劝告 take charge of负责，管理
take hold of抓住 take notes记笔记 take off脱掉（衣服）起飞
take care of照料 take out取出 take an underground (train)乘地铁
4. turn
turn up/down (把音量等)调高、调低 turn on/off开、关掉（电灯、电视、收音机等）
turn out结果是，证明是 turn over翻（车、页），翻身 turn into变成
5. get
get along/on (with)进展，与---相处 get back返回 get up起床
get on /off上、下车 get ready for为---准备 get rid of摆脱
get tired of对---感到厌倦 get to到达 get into the habit of养成---的习惯
6. make
)
make a decision作出决定 make a film拍电影 make a fire生火make a living谋生 make a mistake犯错误 make a
noise弄出声
