动词和动词词组辨析
上海市风华初级中学沈洁
第一部分知识点梳理
一、动词辨析
1.borrow; lend; keep
borrow借入（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常
用于borrow sth. from sb.I borrowed a pen from Mary yesterday.
lend借出（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常
用于lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb.-
Would you lend your MP4 to me
keep保存，保留（引申为“借用”）能和表示
时间段的时间状语及how long等连用How long may I keep this dictionary
2.cost; pay; spend; take
(形式)主语谓语宾语补语
人spend%
Time or money on sth./ (in) doing sth.
物或事cost money
事take time or money
人、
pay
money
Jane ______ much money on pets.
This TV set ______ me much money.
It ______ me ten minutes to go to the post office.
We’ll ______ you in a few days.
3.carry; fetch; take; bring
bring某人从某地带来某物carry'
某人保持拿某物的状态fetch某人往返一趟取得某物take某人将某物从某地拿走She ______ her baby in her arms.
_____ the rubbish away.
Remember to ______ me an umbrella.
Go and _______ the dictionary.
4.invent; discover; create
invent:
通过想象或实验创造出以前不存在的东
西Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
discover发现早已存在，只是一直未被人发现或
知道的东西She discovered the dog under the dog.
create通过想象创造出新的人物形象或戏剧角
色He created many famous characters.
5.memorize; remember
remember指一件事或印象是在记忆中，
多想想可以想得出)
Hellen could not remember when she had been so happy.
memorize有意识地去“默记”或“熟记”
以留下印象My English teacher asked us to memorize these new words.
6.raise; rise
raise举起，提起，增加（及物动词）Tom raised his arms
above his head.
rise人或物从低处向高处上升，数量增加
（不及物动词）Look, the sun is rising.
7.~
8.look at; see; watch
watch观看某个正在或将要发生、移
动或变化的事物或事件等
He is watching TV.
see看见某物（强调结果）It was so dark he could
hardly see.
look at用视线投注在某物上（强调行
为）Students are looking at the teacher.
9.steal; rob
( steal 暗中偷窃别人钱财（常用steal sth.
from sb.）
My bike has been
stolen.
rob用暴力抢劫别人财物(常用rob sb. of
sth.)She was robbed of her ring.
10.say; speak; tell; talk
say 说（着重于所说的话。作及物动词时，
后接名词、代词、动词不定式等或
that/ wh-从句作宾语）His passport says he is 29.
speak!
说（着重开口发出的声音。多作不及
物动词，如作及物动词，后接
languages）I was so surprised that I could not speak.
tell告诉，讲给别人听Tell you the truth.
talk多作连续性的说话和交谈They are talking
business.
11.damage; hurt
damage常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等
无生命物体受损或毁坏
而失掉其价值、用途或外
表&
His car was damaged in an accident.
hurt指肉体上的伤害，也可指
精神上的伤害He hurt his back when he fell.
12.accept; receive
accept接受（表示接受者经过考
虑，愿意接受）I accepted the invitation.
receive收到（强调行为本身，不
涉及收受者是否接受）I received an invitation.
~
Yesterday I _____ a letter ______ Mary.
I did ________ his invitation but I didn’t _______ it.
13.arrive; get; reach
arrive到达（不及物动词，后面跟
地点时，必须加介词in或
at）
I arrived at bus stop.
get到达（后接名词要加to; 表
示到家用get home）When did you get home yesterday evening
reach到达（及物动词，后面直接
跟表地点的名词）<
They reached Los Angeles on Saturday.
