2012年gmat考试文章和题目类型

2012年GMAT改革：新增综合推理题型取消论说文2012年GMAT改革：新增综合推理题型取消论说文摘要：GMAT考试6月改革新东方举办新GMAT备战信息发布会：4月8日上午，新东方邀请GMAT考试主办方GMAC 亚太区市场拓展经理Robert就此做出了官方解读。

——GMAT考试6月改革新东方举办新GMAT备战信息发布会2012年6月5日全球将启动新GMAT考试。

新考试对于学生的考察内容和考察标准都有所变化。

作为全球商学院申请入学标准之一，众多考生都对GMAT考试的变化倍加关注。

4月8日上午，新东方邀请GMAT考试主办方GMAC亚太区市场拓展经理Robert就此做出了官方解读。

商科留学持续走俏新东方教育科技集团国外考试推广中心总监张洪伟老师介绍，目前美国留学呈现着几大变化趋势：美国大学对中国学生录取比例呈现出增长的趋势，而越来越多的名校也在加大中国学生的录取比例。

与此同时，签证的形势利好，但留美的奖学金申请愈发困难。

而美国各个学校对于申请学生的口语水平、面试、申请材料也更加重视。

张洪伟老师介绍，目前在研究生留学申请中，商学院的申请人数所占比重。

而随着中国经济的迅速发展，对于专业商业管理人才的需求也在不断增加，商科留学依旧呈现出不断增长的趋势。

张洪伟老师介绍，在出国留学的人群当中，研究生的留学申请仍为主力军，比重过半。

目前在研究生留学申请中，商学院的申请人数所占比重，约为23%。

商科就业形势的看好吸引着更多学生申请商学院，而作为经企管理研究生入学考试的GMAT考试，参考人数也在不断增长。

GMAT考试新增综合推理题型分值为1—8分在商科留学持续走俏的趋势下，作为全球商学院申请入学标准之一，GMAT考试的变化则备受关注。

新GMAT考试将于2012年6月5日全球同时启动。

国内最后一次旧考试将于6月2日举办。

GMAT考试主办方GMAC亚太区市场拓展经理Robert介绍，6月5日起，GMAT考试将增加综合推理这一项，而现行GMAT考试中的一篇论说文将取消。

2012-GCT考试大纲2012年GCT考试英语大纲要求一、考试目的外语运用能力测试旨在考察考生目前所具备的实际英语水平、阅读英语能力和运用英语能力。

通过英语词汇量、语法、阅读、理解、日常口语等内容的测试，了解考生使用英语的综合能力。

二、试题结构1．提型与题量本部分共有50道题，考试时间为45分钟。

试卷包括语法和词汇、阅读理解、完型填空、会话技能四部分（1）语法和词汇共有10道题，每题2分钟。

前5道题为词汇题，后5道题为语法概念题。

该部分时间大约为8分钟，分值为20分。

（2）阅读理解共有4段独立的短文，每段短文约有150个英语单词。

短文内容涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、科技、人文、时事等。

要求考生阅读每段短文后，回答5个问题。

每个问题后有4个答案选项，其中1个选项为正确答案，要求考生选出正确答案。

4段短文中，1篇较易，2篇难度适中，1篇较难。

从近几年的真题来看，每年阅读理解最后一篇文章为应用文。

该部分考试时间大约为21分钟，分值为40分。

（3）完型填空提供一篇约240个单词的短文，在短文中有10个空白。

每个空白有4个填空选项，其中1个为正确答案，要求考生选出正确答案。

该部分考试时间大约为8分钟，分值为20分。

（4）会话技能有10段英语简短对话，每段对话是不完整的，在每段对话后有4个答案选项，要求考生从中选出1个最符合情景和习惯用法的答案，使得整个对话通顺完整。

该部分考试时间大约为8分钟，分值为20分。

2．试题难易程度试题由难分为3个等级，每套试题中容易、一般和较难的题目比例为3：5：2。

3．试题评分标准本部分试题满分为100分，每道题2分。

考生须从每道题所列的A、B、C、D四个备选答（4）会话技能主要测试考生使用英语进行日常会话的能力，这些会话涉及的是生活中的常见情景，测试考生理解会话的情景、把握对话人的角色以及掌握英语口语习惯用法的2012年GCT考试数学大纲要求来源：考试大【考试大：中国教育考试第一门户】 2012年5月3日一、考试目的数学基础能力测试，旨在考察考生所具有的数学方面的基础知识、基本思想方法，考察考生逻辑思维能力、数学运算能力、空间想象能力以及运用所掌握的数学知识和方法分析问题和解决问题的能力。

2012年最新版Math Section------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q1:A wire that weighs 24 kilograms is cut into two pieces so that one of the pieces weighs 16 kilograms and is 34 meters long. If the weight of each piece is proportional to its length, how many meters long is the other piece of wire?A.8B.11C.13D.17E.20Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q2:If a certain machine produces bolts at a constant rate, how many seconds will it take the machine to produce 300 bolts?(1) It takes the machine 56 seconds to produce 40 bolts.(2) It takes the machine 1.4 seconds to produce 1 bolt.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q3:If k, m, and p are integers, is k– m –p odd?(1) k and m are even and p is odd.(2) k, m, and p are consecutive integers.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q4:If x is the product of the positive integers from 1 to 8, inclusive, and if i, k, m, and p are positive integers such that x = 2i3k5m7p, then i + k + m + p =A. 4B.7C.8D.11E.12Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q5:If a code word is defined to be a sequence of different letters chosen from the 10 letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J, what is the ratio of the number of 5-letter code words to the number of 4-letter code words?A. 5 to 4B. 3 to 2C. 2 to 1D. 5 to 1E. 6 to 1Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q6:If two copying machines work simultaneously at their respective constant rates, how many copies do they produce in 5 minutes?(1) One of the machines produces copies at the constant rate of 250 copies perminute.(2) One of the machines produces copies at twice the constant rate of the othermachine.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q7:Is xy > x2y2?(1) 14x2 = 3(2) y2 = 1A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q8:RFor the cube shown above, what is the degree measure of PQR?A.30B.45C.60D.75E.90Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q9:If an integer n is to be chosen at random from the integers 1 to 96, inclusive, what is the probability that n(n + 1)(n + 2) will be divisible by 8?1A.43B.81C.25D.83E.4Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q10:A total of $60,000 was invested for one year. Part of this amount earned simple annual interest at the rate of x percent per year, and the rest earned simple annual interest at the rate of y percent per year. If the total interest earned by the $60,000 for that year was $4,080, what is the value of x?3y(1) x =4(2) The ratio of the amount that earned interest at the rate of x percent per year to theamount that earned interest at the rate of y percent per year was 3 to 2.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q11:If n and k are positive integers, is n divisible by 6?(1) n = k(k + 1)(k - 1)(2) k– 1 is a multiple of 3.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q12:What was the cost of a certain telephone call?(1) The call lasted 8 minutes.(2) The cost of the first minute of the call was $0.32, which was twice the cost ofeach minute of the call after the first.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q13:Company S produces two kinds of stereos: basic and deluxe. Of the stereos produced by Company S last month,32 were basic and the rest were deluxe. If it takes57 as manyhours to produce a deluxe stereo as it does to produce a basic stereo, then the number of hours it took to produce the deluxe stereos last month was what fraction of the total number of hours it took to produce all the stereos?A. 177B. 3114C. 157 D. 3517E.21Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q14:99,9992 - 12 =A. 1010 - 2B. (105 – 2)2C. 104(105 – 2)D. 105(104 – 2)E. 105(105 – 2)Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q15:Is x 2 + y 2 > 6?(1) (x + y )2 > 6 (2) xy = 2A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q16:What is the probability that a student randomly selected from a class of 60 students will be a male who has brown hair?(1) One-half of the students have brown hair.(2) One-third of the students are males.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q17:The number of defects in the first five cars to come through a new production line are 9, 7, 10, 4, and 6, respectively. If the sixth car through the production line has either 3, 7, or 12 defects, for which of theses values does the mean number of defects per car for the first six cars equal the median?I. 3II.7III.12A. I onlyB. II onlyC. III onlyD. I and III onlyE. I, II, and IIIAnswer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q18:Which of the following is equal to (2k)(5k − 1)?A.2(10k− 1)B.5(10k− 1)C.10kD.2(10k)E.102k− 1Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q19:If x = 25, then x3–x2 =A.512B. 520C. 6(55)D. 54(52 + 1)E. 58(54 − 1)Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q20: y º x º z ºIn the parallelogram shown, what is the value of x ?(1) y = 2x (2) x + z = 120A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q21: ● ● ● ● A B C D Note: Figure not drawn to scale.On line segment AD shown, AB = 21CD and BC = 10. If AD = 100, then CD =A. 40B. 45C. 50D. 55E. 60Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q22:At a garage sale, all of the prices of the items sold were different. If the price of a radio sold at the garage sale was both the 15th highest price and the 20th lowest price among the prices of the items sold, how many items were sold at the garage sale?A. 33B. 34C. 35D. 36E. 37Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q23: If x ≠ 0, isxx2< 1?(1) x < 1 (2) x > −1A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q24:At a certain company, each employee has a salary grade s that is at least 1 and at most 5. Each employee receives an hourly wage p , in dollars, determined by the formula p = 9.50 + 0.25(s – 1). An employee with a salary grade of 5 receives how many more dollars per hour than an employee with a salary grade of 1?A. $0.50B. $1.00C. $1.25D. $1.50E. $1.75Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q25:In the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, …, each term after the first is twice the previous term. What is the sum of the 16th, 17th, and 18th terms in the sequence?A. 218B. 3(217)C. 7(216)D. 3(216)E. 7(215)Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q26:In the xy -plane, the line with equation ax + by + c = 0, where abc ≠ 0, has slope 32. Whatis the value of b ?(1) a = 4(2) c = −6A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q27:Of the cans of peaches inspected yesterday at a certain plant, 1.5 percent failed to pass inspection. Of the cans that failed inspection,65 were incorrectly labeled and the restwere dented. If all of the cans that were incorrectly labeled or dented failed inspection, how many of the cans of peaches inspected yesterday at the plant were dented?(1) 450 of the cans of peaches inspected yesterday at the plant failed to passinspection.(2) 29,550 of the cans of peaches inspected yesterday at the plant passed inspection.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q28:A car traveling at a certain constant speed takes 2 seconds longer to travel 1 kilometer than it would take to travel 1 kilometer at 75 kilometers per hour. At what speed, in kilometers per hour, is the car traveling?A. 71.5B. 72C. 72.5D. 73E. 73.5Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q29:The annual rent collected by a corporation from a certain building was x percent more in 1998 than in 1997 and y percent less in 1999 than in 1998. Was the annual rent collected by the corporation from the building more in 1999 than in 1997?(1) x > y(2)100xy < x – yA. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q30:Note: Figure not drawn to scale.In the figure above, O is the center of the circle. If the area of the shaded region is 2π, what is the value of x ?A.245B. 30D.60E.90Answer: C------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q31:The numbers x and y are three-digit positive integers, and x + y is a four-digit integer. The tens digit of x equals 7 and the tens digit of y equals 5. If x < y, which of the following must be true?I. The units digit of x + y is greater than the units digit of either x or y.II. The tens digit of x + y equals 2.III. The hundreds digit of y is at least 5.A. II onlyB. III onlyC. I and IID. I and IIIE. II and IIIAnswer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q32:If m and v are integers, what is the value of m + v?(1) mv = 6(2) (m + v)2 = 25A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q33:A teacher gave the same test to three history classes: A, B, and C. The average (arithmetic mean) scores for the three classes were 65, 80, and 77, respectively. The ratio of the numbers of students in each class who took the test was 4 to 6 to 5, respectively. What was the average score for the three classes combined?A.74B.75C.76E. 78Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q34:The number n of units of its product that Company X is scheduled to produce in month t of its next fiscal year is given by the formula n = t c -+21900, where c is a constant and t is apositive integer between 1 and 6, inclusive. What is the number of units of its product that Company X is scheduled to produce in month 6 of its next fiscal year?(1) Company X is scheduled to produce 180 units of its product in month 1 of itsnext fiscal year.(2) Company X is scheduled to produce 300 units of its product in month 2 of itsnext fiscal year.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q35:The operation Δ is defined for all nonzero x and y by x Δ y = x +y x . If a > o, then 1 Δ (1 Δ a ) =A. aB. a + 1C.1+a a D.12++a a E. 112++a a Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q36:If n is an integer and 100 < n <200, what is the value of n ?(1)36n is an odd integer. (2)45n is an even integer.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q37:If an automobile averaged 22.5 miles per gallon of gasoline, approximately how many kilometers per liter of gasoline did the automobile average? (1 mile = 1.6 kilometers and1 gallon = 3.8 liters, both rounded to the nearest tenth.)A. 3.7B.9.5C.31.4D.53.4E.136.8Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Answers:DDADE, EECDC, ACAEE, EDAED, EBCBE, ADB B*C, BEBDE, BBVerbal Section------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q1:The four-million-year-old fossilized skeleton known as Lucy is so small compared with many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species, and so some paleontologists have argued that Lucy represents a different lineage.A.presumed to be of the same species, and soB.presumed to be of the same species thatC.presumed that they are of the same species, and soD.that they have presumed to be of the same species, so thatE.that they have presumed are of the same species, andAnswer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q2:In Creek theology the supreme being was Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who dwelt in an upper realm in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take away the breath of life.A.in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to takeB.where the sky was the floor, having the power to give and to takeC.whose floor was the sky, and who has the power of giving and of takingD.in which the sky was the floor, with the power of giving and takingE.whose floor was the sky, having the power to give and takeAnswer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q3:Today’s technology allows manufacture rs to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history.A.small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in theirB.small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in theirC.small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time inD.more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in theirE.more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time inAnswer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q4:A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.A.asB.thanC.thatD.of whatE.at whichAnswer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q5 to Q7:Many scholars have theorized thateconomic development, particularlyindustrialization and urbanization, con-Line tributes to the growth of participatory(5)democracy; according to this theory, itwould seem logical that women wouldboth demand and gain suffrage in evergreater numbers whenever economicdevelopment expanded their economic(10)opportunities. However, the economicdevelopment theory is inadequate toexplain certain historical facts about theimplementation of women’s suffrage.For example, why was women’s suf-(15)frage, instituted nationally in the UnitedStates in 1920, not instituted nationallyin Switzerland until the 1970’s? Indus-trialization was well advanced in bothcountries by 1920: over 33 percent(20)of American workers were employedin various industries, as comparedto 44 percent of Swiss workers.Granted, Switzerland and the UnitedStates diverged in the degree to(25)which the expansion of industry coin-cided with the degree of urbanization:only 29 percent of the Swiss populationlived in cities of 10,000 or more inhabi-tants by 1920. However, urbanization(30)cannot fully explain women’s suff rage.Within the United States prior to 1920,for example, only less urbanizedstates had granted women suffrage.Similarly, less urbanized countries(35)such as Cambodia and Ghana hadvoting rights for women long beforeSwitzerland did. It is true that Switzer-land’s urbanized cantons (politicalsubdivisions) generally enacted(40)women’s suffrage legislation earlierthan did rural cantons. However,these cantons often shared othercharacteristics—similar linguistic back-grounds and strong leftist parties—thatmay help to explain this phenomenon.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q5:The passage states which of the following about Switzerland’s urbanized cantons?A.These cantons shared characteristics other than urbanization that may havecontributed to their implementation of women’s suffrage.B.These cantons tended to be more politically divided than were rural cantons.C.These cantons shared with certain rural cantons characteristics such as similarlinguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties.D.The populations of these cantons shared similar views because urbanizationfurthered the diffusion of ideas among them.E.These cantons were comparable to the most highly urbanized states in the UnitedStates in their stan ce toward the implementation of women’s suffrage.Answer:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q6:The primary purpose of the passage is toA.contrast two explanations for the implementation of women’s suffrageB.demonstrate that one factor contributes more than another factor to theimplementation of women’s suffrageC.discuss the applicability of a theory for explaining the implementation ofwomen’s suffrageD.clarify certain assumptions underlying a particular theory about theimplementation of women’s suffrageE.explain how a particular historical occurrence was causally connected to theimplementation of women’s suffrageAnswer:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q7:The passage suggests which of the following about urbanization in Switzerland and the United States by 1920?A. A greater percentage of Swiss industrial workers than American industrialworkers lived in urban areas.B.There were more cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants in Switzerland than therewere in the United States.C.Swiss workers living in urban areas were more likely to be employed in industrythan were American workers living in urban areas.D.Urbanized areas of Switzerland were more likely than similar areas in the UnitedStates to have strong leftist parties.E. A greater percentage of the United States population than the Swiss populationlived in urban areas.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q8:From 1980 to 1989, total consumption of fish in the country of Jurania increased by 4.5 percent, and total consumption of poultry products there increased by 9.0 percent. During the same period, the population of Jurania increased by 6 percent, in part due to immigration to Jurania from other countries in the region.If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?A.During the 1980’s in Jurania, profits of wholesale distributors of pou ltry productsincreased at a greater rate than did profits of wholesale distributors of fish.B.For people who immigrated to Jurania during the 1980’s, fish was less likely to bea major part of their diet than was poultry.C.In 1989 Juranians consumed twice as much poultry as fish.D.For a significant proportion of Jurania’s population, both fish and poultryproducts were a regular part of their diet during the 1980’s.E.Per capita consumption of fish in Jurania was lower in 1989 than in 1980.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q9 to Q12:In its 1903 decision in the caseof Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the UnitedStates Supreme Court rejected theLine efforts of three Native American tribes(5)to prevent the opening of tribal landsto non-Indian settlement without tribalconsent. In his study of the LoneWolf case, Blue Clark properlyemphasizes the Court’s assertion(10)of a virtually unlimited unilateral powerof Congress (the House of Represen-tatives and the Senate) over NativeAmerican affairs. But he fails to notethe decision’s more far-reaching(15)impact: shortly after Lone Wolf, thefederal government totally abandonednegotiation and execution of formalwritten agreements with Indian tribesas a prerequisite for the implemen-(20)tation of federal Indian policy. Manycommentators believe that this changehad already occurred in 1871 when—following a dispute between theHouse and the Senate over which(25)chamber should enjoy primacy inIndian affairs—Congress abolishedthe making of treaties with NativeAmerican tribes. But in reality thefederal government continued to nego-(30)tiate formal tribal agreements pastthe turn of the century, treating thesedocuments not as treaties with sover-eign nations requiring ratification by theSenate but simply as legislation to be(35) passed by both houses of Congress.The Lone Wolf decision ended thisera of formal negotiation and finally。

2012年全国管理类硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及答案（真题+详解）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or DonANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbolof American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the G.I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac… a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.G.I. joe had a 11 career fighting German ,Japanese, and Korean troops. He appers as a character, or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person intheir lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicte17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for asignificant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure thatthe homework students receive is meaningful oraooropriate to theirage and the subject.or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhoodin one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the onl y way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strat egy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological developmentwas much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like .[A] their executives to be active[B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable[D] the BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe that .[A] genetic tests are not reliable[B] only man-made products are patentable[C] patents on genes depend much on innovation[D] courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for .[A] establishing disease correlations[B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes[D] identifying human DNA34. By say ing “each meeting was packed”(Line4,Para.6) the author means that .[A] the supreme court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organization[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is .[A] critical[B] supportive[C] scornful[D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very last, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an ear of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.In come inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them-especially for young people. The research ofTill Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed; those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to find silver linings” (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to.[A] seek subsidies from the government[B] explore reasons for the unemployment[C] make profits from the troubled economy[D] look on the bright side of the recession37. according to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people .[A] realize the national dream[B] struggle against each other[C] challenge their prudence[D] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recession may .[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B] bring out more evils of human nature[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D] ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates fromelite universities tend to .[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is .[A] certain[B] positive[C] trivial[D] destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning,ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successfulleaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In placeof Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender torace to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section Ⅲ Translation46．Directions：Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25 . This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Section IV WritingPart A47．Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48．Directions:Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should1) describe the table ,and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)Write your easy on ANSERE SHEET 2.某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄组2012年英语真题详解答案1-5 BBAAC 6-10 DCACB 11-15 DBCDD16-20 ACCBD 21-25 ACABD 26-30 ABACC31-35 CBBCD 36-40 DDBDA 41-45 AFGCE46.翻译答案：当来自发展中国家的人们担心移民的问题时，他们通常关心的是自己是否有希望离开家乡，而成功地进入硅谷，或进入发达国家的医院和大学工作。

2012年GMAT测试新增内容：GMAT新增综合
分析推理
2012年GMAT考试新增内容：GMAT新增综合分析推理近日，2012年各类留学考试的时间表纷纷新鲜出炉，各种新规和新变化也陆续登场，有的增加了考试的场数，有的增加了考试的难度，有的提前了考试进场的时间……如果因为不了解而没留意，这些新变化很有可能会让不少考生付出沉重的代价。

2012年各大留学考试，有些什么新变化呢？考生又该注意些什么呢？
GMAT 增“综合分析推理创新”
目标国：美国、英国、澳大利亚
据中国教育部考试中心消息，GMAT从2012年6月4日起，考试题型有所调整。

原先的两篇作文改为一篇，新增“综合分析推理创新”，考生需要对统计图、图表及电子表格等资料进行分析处理，得出结论并推导不同量化信息间的关系，占时30分钟。

该部分单独记分，不计入总成绩。

现有的分析写作部分要求考生写两篇作文，今后只要写一篇。

总考试时长不变。

We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish. Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies. Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty. The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century. The “Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared. 1. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ . [A]prosperity and growth [B]efficiency and practicality [C]restraint and confidence [D]pride and faithfulness 2. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus? [A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. [B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II. [C]Most American architects used to be associated with it. [D]It had a great influence upon American architecture. 3. Mies held that elegance of architectural design . [A]was related to large space [B]was identified with emptiness [C]was not reliant on abundant decoration [D]was not associated with efficiency 4. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive? [A]They ignored details and proportions. [B]They were built with materials popular at that time. [C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings. [D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art. 5. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”? [A]Mechanical devices were widely used. [B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration [C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect. [D]Eco-friendly materials were employed. 参考答案 1．C。

2012年GCT逻辑考试真题及参考答案第四部分外语运用能力测试(英语)(50题，每题2分，满分100分)Part One Vocabulary and Structure Directions:There are ten incomplete sentences in this pαrt. For each sentence there αre four choices marked A，B， C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. I realized I had let myself in something from which there was no turning _____.A. aroundB. backC. awayD. down2. You are to stay at the hotel where rooms _________for you.A. have been bookedB. are bookedC. would be bookedD. were booked3. If you ______to my advice， you wouldn't be in this mess right now.A. listenB. listenedC. had listenedD. would listen4. Those close to him are _________ that he hopes to stay on till the end of his term.A. ensuredB. confirmedC. supposeD. convinced5.Working women haven't left the family role behind: now they are _____to work even harder to do both.A. expectedB. wishedC. hopedD. desired6. Modem technology has brought ______communication between people far apart.A. competentB. convenientC. consciousD. complete7. Under no_______ are children allowed to tell lies to their parents.A. circumstancesB. situationsC. occasionsD. moments8. We need a more capable leader, _____with a strong will as well as good humor.A. whoB. thatC. oneD. which9. The lectures，_____ the current hot issues， were well received.A. that coveredB. coveredC. coveringD. to cover10. Being an intelligent boy， he ______such a foolish mistake.A. needn't have madeB. can’t have madeC. won't have madeD. wouldn’t have madePart Two Reading Comprehension Directions:In this part there are three passages and one chart ，each followed by jive questions or unfinished statements. For each of them， there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Ever won the lottery?No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another “no"， you might call yourself an optimist.According to researchers at University College London，human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain， they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glass as half-full，not half-empty， even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.The good news is that this brings a health benefit , Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100，000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot， lead researcher，said: “‘Smoking Kills’messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain.”But， as they say， every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health， it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!11. What does “sanguine” (para.2) mean ?A .DepressedB CheerfulC. LuckyD. Emotional12. The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people______.A. are more optimistic than they believeB. are less optimistic than they believeC. like good news more than they thinkD. like good news less than they think13 .What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?A. Collecting false informationB. Overemphasizing evidence.C. Misjudging the situation.D. Giving a pessimistic forecast.14. The author suggests in the last paragraph that we______A. adjust our goals in lifeB. learn to release bad moodC. avoid being overoptimisticD. maintain a positive attitude15 .what is the main of the passage ?A. People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.B. Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.C. Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.D. Optimism is what keeps us going forward.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has launched an investigation into allegations that its officials in more than 50 countries have been selling London Olympics tickets on the black market for profit. The IOC met at an emergency session on Saturday to look into a pile of evidence uncovered by Britain's Sunday Times newspaper. The paper claims that high-ranking Olympic officials have been selling tickets for the games at hugely inflated prices. The highest priced tickets on the black market were for the men's 100-meterfinal. The IOC has issued a statement saying it“ takes these allegations very seriously and has immediately taken the first steps to investigate. ”IOC rules forbid national Olympics committees from selling tickets overseas，increasing ticket prices or selling tickets to unauthorized，third-party resellers. Despite this， Sunday Times undercover report posing as illegal ticket sellers say they have recorded evidence of 27 officials selling tickets distributed to 54 countries One of the most serious allegations was against the Greek Olympic Committee president Spyros Capralos. He denies saying he had "pulled strings" with the head of the London Olympics Sebastian Coe even though the paper posted videos of its reporters' negotiations with Capralos on its website. Mr Capralos has so far refused to comment.16 The IOC is investigating its own officials for _______.A. running the black marketB. secretly meeting reportersC. illegally selling ticketsD. criticizing Sunday Times17. The word “allegations ”(Para.1) probably means “_______”A. discussionsB. claimsC. announcementsD. opinions18. Sunday Times revealed _______.A. details about IOC's emergency sessionB. evidence against some IOC officialsC. ticket prices for men's 100-meter finalD. pricing policy of the London Olympics19. Which of the following is NOT against the IOC rules concerning its officials?A. Selling tickets internationally.B. Raising the prices of the tickets.C. Selling tickets to unofficial resellers.D. Giving tickets to their friends.20 .Faces with the evidence against him , Capralos _____A. blamed other officialsB. admitted the factsC. issued a statementD. gave no responseQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:Pressed by competition and its own success， the popular search engine Google has created an automated way to search for new employees who are fully appropriate as well as high-achieving.In a project， the 100，000 people who fill in online job applications for Google each month will be asked to complete a complicated questionnaire(问卷) exploring their attitudes，behaviour， personality and backgrounds going back to their school days.The questions range from whether applicants have ever set a world record， to whether their workspace is messy or tidy or what magazines they read. Answers are studied by Google's mathematicians to calculate a score meant to predict how well a person will fit into the organization's diversified and competitive culture.Psychometric tests(心理测试) are already used by more traditional companies to select workers， but they are unheard of in a company like Google， which is built on a belief in individual talent. The online questionnaire is based on the answers to 300 questions sent out last summer to every employee at the head office in California's Silicon Valley. Some questions were factual: What programming languages are you familiar with? What internet mailing lists are you on?Other questions， however， tried to establish personality and behavioural characteristics: Have you ever tutored another person?"We wanted to cast a very wide net，" said Laszlo Bock， Google's Vice-President for People Operations."It is not unusual to walk into our office and bump into dogs. Maybe people who own dogs have some personality feature that is useful."21 Google has created a new way of recruiting in order to_____.A. find the most appropriate employeesB. better compete with other companiesC. spread its unique corporate cultureD. conduct an online research project22. The information gained from the questionnaire will be _____.A. analyzed in a reportB. summed up in a figureC. organized into a chartD. kept in its raw state23 . What is true about the Google online questionnaire?A. It was based on a survey of its employees.B. It focuses on background questions.C. It was designed by some mathematiciansD. It has been filled out by 100，000 people24. What distinguishes Google from more traditional companies in selecting workers?A. Preferring those who own pets.B. Stressing overall personal qualities.C. Asking more complex questions.D. Believing in high-achieving experience.25.By "casting a wide net"(last paragraph)， Laszlo Bock means________.A. recruiting a wide range of talentsB. finding candidates with peculiar personalityC. identifying candidates with wide interestsD. picking out as many applicants as possibleQuestions26-30are based on the following chart :Cigarette Smoking by Grade Level: 2005-200926. The purpose of the chart is to show________A. the percentages of smokers in schoolsB. the increase of smokers in grades 9-12 during 2005-2009C. the number of teenage smokers in grades 9-12D. the amount of money spent by young smokers over the years27. Which grade had the highest percentage of smokers in 2005?rmation can be lost. To keep this newly learned material from 33 away,it needs to enter the network of the brain's wiring .After repeated practice， working memories are set down as permanent neuronal(神经的) circuits 34 to be activated(激活) when the information is needed. When a memory has been recalled 35 , its neuronal circuits are more highly developed because of their repeated activation.36 exercising a muscle， these circuits then become more efficient and easier to access and activate. Practice results 37 repeated stimulation of the memory circuit. Like hikers along a path 38 eventually leave a depression in the road， repeated practice stimulates cells in the memory circuit such that the circuit is reinforced and becomes 39 . This means it can be quickly turned from off to on， and switched. 40 through a variety of cues coming in from the senses.31. A. Material B. Information C. Knowledge D. Ability32. A. have B. take C. face D. hold33. A slipping B. turning C. moving D. stepping34. A. useful B. good C. open D. ready35. A. usually B. often C. well D. soon36. A. During B. By C. Like D. Unlike37. A. in B. at C. from D. with38. A. where B. which C. what D. who39. A. stronger B. weaker C .longer D. shorter40. A. over B. back C. off D. onPart Four Dialogue Completion Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked ,B,C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41 A:I've called you a hundred times today.B: ________ I was busy.A. Sorry about that.B. Sounds fine.C. I appreciate that.D. That's all right.42. A: I thought you were working until 6:30.B: ___________， but we finished our meeting at 5:30 and were let go.A. I tried toB. I was supposed toC. I hoped soD.I 'd love to43 . A:Are you ready for the test tomorrow?B: __________A: Come on. I am sure you will do well.A. Why do you ask?B. Sure， no problem.C. What about you?D. No. I'm afraid not.44. A:That necklace looks really lovely on you.B: __________A. It cost me a fortune. C. It will be nice on you too.B. It's very nice of you. D. I hope you like it.45. A: This is like the coolest CD I've ever heard.B:_________I'm trying to concentrate on my work.A. Cut it short.B. Keep it down.C. Turn it over.D. Bring it up.46. A: I need to get this done by noon. Can you give me a hand?B: ____________A.I can give you both handsB. I'll watch your back.C. I'm all yoursD. The pleasure is mine.47. A: Good morning. I'd like to book a table for two for 8:30 on Friday， please. B: __A. The 9th.B. The 10th.C. The 11th.D. The 12th28.The percentage of the 9th grade smokers in 2009 was ______.A. 23.2B. 25.2C. 31.2D. 33.429. Which grade saw the greatest increase of smokers over the four years?A. The 9th.B. The 10th.C.The11thD. The 12th.30. What tendency can we find from the chart?A .Smokers in all grades have increased.B. The higher the grade， the more the smokers.C. The older a student， the more he smokes.D. Low graders smoke less heavily.Part Three Cloze Directions:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank， there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Working memory, or short-term memory， involves the ability to hold and use information in the immediate future._31_is only held in working memory for about 20 seconds. The challenge that students 32 is to move information from their working memories into their long-term memories. If they don't do this in about the first few minutes after receiving the information， that info__________A. Yes， speaking.B. Hold the line.C. Your name， please?D. After a while.48. A:It's Janet Smith. _________B: Yes，I'd like to have some information about having a phone installed.A. Who's that?B. What's wrong?C. What's up?D. May I help you?49.Shop assistant: What do you have in mind?Customer :I'm thinking about jewelry or something valuable.Shop assistant: We've got beautiful jewelry here. If you're interested，A. I can show youB. you can see itC. I'll get itD. you should buy it50. A: I like this apartment very much， but I'll come back this evening with my wife and kids. Will that be convenient?B: ________A. It's good for you.B. That's fine with me.C. It's thoughtful of you.D. That's right.2012年GCT英语考试真题参考答案1—5： CACDA 6--10：BACCB11--15: BACDC 16--20:CBBDD21--25: BBABA 26--30:BCDAA31--35: BCADB 36--40:CADAA41--45: ABDBB 46--50:CCDAB十月在职联考资料内容页添加2014十月在职联考试听课程/zhuanti2/2014hqlk/index.htm十月在职联考免费视频免费下载/s/1eQIe5bk2014年十月在职联考基础测试卷全真模拟考场/zhuanti2/2014hqlkm/index.html十月在职联考学习交流群：155268175 115979258关注环球卓越官方微信：geedu_edu获取更多十月在职联考考试相关信息扫一扫有惊喜链接页面添加点击查看》》十月在职联考试听课程点击下载》》十月在职联考免费视频。

第1章GMAT考试写作指南2012年6月GMAT考试进行了重大改革，考试整体结构变化不大，主要体现在写作部分的调整和综合推理部分（Integrated Reasoning）的加入，写作部分的变动具体表现在取消了Issue写作，保留了Argument写作。

1.1GMAT考试简介GMAT，全称Graduate Management Admission Test（研究生管理科学入学考试），是由Graduate Management Admission Council（管理专业研究生入学考试委员会）主办，主要用来评估申请入学者是否适合在商业、经济、管理等专业的研究生阶段学习的标准化考试。

由于其有效性和较高的可信度，GMAT成绩获得全球各大商学院的普遍认可，目前被广泛作为工商管理硕士的入学考试，该考试在中国的举办单位为中国国外考试协调处（CIECB）。

1.2GMAT试卷结构1997年最后一次笔试之后，GMAT在1998年改成了计算机化测试（Computer-Adaptive Test）。

2012年6月改革后的GMAT考试包括四个部分：分析性写作（Analytical Writing Assessment）、综合推理（Integrated Reasoning）、定量推理（Quantitative）和文本逻辑推理（Verbal）。

GMAT详细试卷结构如下：GMAT考试试卷结构中文对照表：1.3GMAT写作试题分析和应试技巧GMAT分析性写作部分题目类型为论证分析写作，即要求考生对一段推理或论证进行评估，指出该推理或论证过程中所存在的漏洞，时间限制为30分钟。

该部分主要是对考生评估他人论述和表达个人观点的能力进行考查，因此题目虽有关商业及其他领域普遍关注的问题，但并不要求对与某论题相关专业知识的掌握。

论证分析写作由两部分构成，第一部分包括一句提供背景的介绍性的话和一段完整的论述，该论述过程包含不同的逻辑错误，为考生写作时攻击的重点。

2012年3月gmat考试数学机经备考试题（一）第五十五题一个直角三角形，一个角是60度，底边是r，折起来一个角，高是 h，求其中一个边和斜边的比。

（提供者ID：rexes把tg 就是对边比底边好好复习一下会帮助很快借题。

）第五十六题几个数字比较大小，都是（1/4）的-（2/3）次方外面再加个负号这种数-［（1/4）^（-2/3）］（提供者ID：xjma11。

化简一下就行了。

）第五十七题有个人存了10000刀在两种投资项目里，一种利率是0.07，一种是0.03，一年后总数增加了480刀，问两种投资项目里各存入了多少。

（提供者ID：xjma11。

二元一次方程嘛。

）第五十八题有个人沿南北方向跑，跑一段，转九十度，再跑一段，再转九十度，再跑一段，再转九十度。

一共转了三次。

每次跑的距离都一样，问他最少还需要多少次转九十度跑相同距离，才能回到原地。

一个条件是他一开始往北跑，第二个条件是他第三次是往右转的。

（提供者ID：xjma11。

这题还是挺有意思的，大家可以自己画着玩玩~）关于那道转来转去的jj，我考到的题目是这样子的：一个人沿着north-south的方向走走一段距离后转了90度又走一段再转90 再走一段再转90 最后一次转完对着东面问三次后要转多少次每次走相同的距离可以回到原点条件1 开始的时候向北 2 第一次向右（提供者ID：miebaobao143。

狗主当时选的e 哎哎现在讨论说c 但是也有人说是d）就是那个跑转题。

有个人沿南北方向跑，跑一段，转九十度，再跑一段，再转九十度，再跑一段，再转九十度。

一共转了三次。

每次跑的距离都一样，问他最少还需要多少次转相同方向的九十度（that direction），跑相同距离，才能回到原地。

（1）他一开始往北跑（2）他第三次是往右转的。

（提供者ID：猩猩是个笨蛋。

狗主选的E）有个人沿南北方向跑，跑一段，转九十度，再跑一段，再转九十度，再跑一段，再转九十度。

一共转了三次（+条件：转三次后方向向东）。

GMAT，全称为Graduate Management Admission Test，是全球管理研究生入学考试。

老版本的GMAT考试主要包括以下题型：
1. 综合推理（Integrated Reasoning）：这部分共有12题，要求考生根据提供的信息，选择最佳答案或进行信息排序、匹配等操作。

2. 数学部分（Quantitative Reasoning）：这部分共有31题，主要考察考生在数学方面的逻辑思维和问题解决能力，涉及代数、几何、概率统计等方面的知识。

3. 语文部分（Verbal Reasoning）：这部分共有36题，主要考察考生的阅读理解、逻辑推理和批判性思维等能力。

具体来说，包括句子改正（Sentence Correction）、批判性推理（Critical Reasoning）和阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）三种题型。

4. 分析性写作（Analytical Writing）：这部分共有1题，要求考生就给定的问题进行分析和论述，写出一篇不少于300字的文章。

总体来说，老版本的GMAT考试注重考察考生的逻辑思维、数学分析、阅读理解和写作能力，要求考生具备扎实的商业和管理学科基础。

同时，考试还要求考生具备良好的英语语言水平和综合运用能力。