yù bù zhuóbù chéng qì
玉不琢，不成器[1]。
rén bùxué bù zhī yì
人不学，不知义[2]。
wéi rén zǐfāng shào shí
为人子，方少时[3]。
qīn shīyǒu xí lǐ yí
亲师友，习礼仪[4]。
注释：
[1]玉不琢：玉，美玉；琢，打磨、雕琢。
[2]义：义理、道理。
[3]方少时：正值小时候。
[4]习礼仪：学习礼节仪态。
译文：
玉不打磨雕刻，不会成为精美的器物；人若是不学习，就不懂得礼仪，不能成才。
做儿女的，从小时候就要亲近老师和朋友，以便从他们那里学习到许多为人处事的礼节和知识。
知识链接：
春秋时，楚人卞和在楚山山中发现一块玉璞。
卞和将此璞先后献给楚厉王、楚武王。
然而璞两次被判定为石头，左脚右足都以欺君之罪被砍。
及楚文王即位，卞和在楚山下痛哭，以致满眼溢血。
文王派人询问原因，卞和感叹道：“忠贞之士被当作欺君之臣，是非颠倒让我痛心啊！”这次文王直接命人剖璞，结果得到了一块无瑕的美玉。
为奖励卞和的忠诚，美玉被命名为“和氏之璧”。
《三字经》英语译文《三字经》英语译文人之初性本善性相近习相远men at their birth,are naturally good.their natures are much the same;their habits become widely different.苟不教性乃迁教之道贵以专if follishly there is no teaching,the nature will deteriorate.the right way in teaching,is to attach the utmost importancein thoroughness.昔孟母择邻处子不学断机杼of old, the mother of menciuschose a neighborhoodand when her child would not learn,she broke the shuttle from the loom.窦燕山有义方教五子名俱扬tou of the swallow hillshad the right methodhe taught five son,each of whom raised the family reputation. 养不教父之过教不严师之惰to feed without teaching,is the father's fault.to teach without severity,is the teacher's laziness.子不学非所宜幼不学老何为if the child does not learn,this is not as it should be.if he does not learn while young,what will he be when old ?玉不琢不成器人不学不知义if jade is not polished,it cannot become a thing of use.if a man does not learn,he cannot know his duty towards his neighbor.为人子方少时亲师友习礼仪he who is the son of a man,when he is young,should attach himself to his teachers and friends;and practice ceremonial usages.香九龄能温席孝於亲所当执hsiang, at nine years of age,could warm his parent's bed.filial piety towards parents,is that to which we should hold fast.融四岁能让梨弟於长宜先知jung, at four years of age,could yield the (bigger) pears.to hehave as a younger brother towards elders, is one of the first things to know.首孝弟次见闻知某数识某文begin with filial piety and fraternal love,and then see and hear .learn to count,and learn to read.一而十十而百百而千千而万units and tens,then tens and hundreds,hundreds and thousands,thousands and then tens of thousands.三才者天地人三光者日月星the three forces,are heaven, earth and man.the three luminaries,are the sun, the moon and the stars.三纲者君臣义父子亲夫妇顺the three bonds,are the obligation between soverign and subject, the love between father and child, the harmony between husband and wife.曰春夏曰秋冬此四时运不穷we speak of spring and summer,we speak of autumn and winter,these four seasons,revolve without ceasing.曰南北曰西东此四方应乎中we speak of north and south,we speak of east and west,these four points,respond to the requirements of the centre.曰火水木金土此五行本乎数we speak of water, fire,wood, metal and earth.these five elements,have their origin in number.曰仁义礼智信此五常不容紊we speak of charity, of duty towards one neighbour,of propriety, of wisdom, and of truth.these five virtues,admit of no compromise.稻粱菽麦黍稷此六谷人所食rice , spike, millet, pulsewheat, glutinous millet and common millet,these six grains,are those which men eat.马牛羊鸡犬豕此六畜人所饲the horse, the ox, the sheep,the fowl, the dog, the pig.these six animals,are those which men keep.曰喜怒曰哀惧爱恶欲七情具we speak of joy, of anger,we speak of pity, of fear,of love , of hate and of desire.these are the seven passions.匏土革木石金与丝竹乃八音the gound, earthenware,skinwood, stone metal,silk and bamboo,yield the eight musical sounds.高曾祖父而身身而子子而孙great great grandfather,great grandfather, grandfather, father and self,self and son,son and grandson,自子孙至玄曾乃九族人之伦from son and grandson,on to great grandson and great great grandson.these are the nine agnates,constituting the kinships of man.父子恩夫妇从兄则友弟则恭affection between father and child,harmony between husband and wife,friendliness on the part of elder brothers,respectfulness on the part of younger brothers,长幼序友与朋君则敬臣则忠procedence(??) between elders and youngers, (probably : precedence )as between friend and friend.respect on the part of the sovereign,loyalty on the part of the subject.此十义人所同these ten obligations,are common to all men.凡训蒙须讲究详训诂名句读in the education of the young,there should be explanation and eluciation,careful teaching of the interpretations of commentators,and due attention to paragraphs and sentences.为学者必有初小学终至四书those who are learners,must have a beginning.the 'little learning' finished,they proceed to the four books.论语者二十篇群弟子记善言there is the lun yu (discourse or analects),in twenty sections.in this, the various disciples,have recorded the wise sayings of confucious.孟子者七篇止讲道德说仁义the works of mencius,have comprised in seven section.these explain the way and exemplifications thereof,and expound clarity and duty towards one's neighbour.作中庸子思笔中不偏庸不易the chung yung (the doctrine of the mean),by the pen of tzu-su;chung (the middle) being that which odes not lean toward! s any side, yung( the course) being that which cannot be changed.作大学乃曾子自修齐至平治he who wrote the 'great learning'was the philosopher tseng.beginning with cultivation of the individual and ordering of the family, it goes on to government of one's own state and ordering of the family.孝经通四书熟如六经始可读when the 'classic of filial piety' is mastered,and the 'four books' are known by heart.the next step is to the 'six classics',which may now be studied.诗书易礼春秋号六经当讲求the books of poetry, of history and of changes.the 'rites of chou dynasty, the book of tites, and the 'spring and autumannals'are the six classicswhich should be carefully explained and analysed.有连山有归藏有周易三易详there is the lien shan system,there is the kuei tsangand there is the system of changes of the chou dynasty, such are the 3 systems wh! ich elucidate the changes.有典谟有训诰有誓命书之奥there are the regulations and the counsels,the instruction, the annoucements,the oaths, the charges,these are the profundities of the book of history.我周公作周礼著六官存治体our duke of chou,drew up the ritual of the chou dynasty,in which he set forth the duties of the six classes of officials; and thus gave a settled form to the government.大小戴注礼记述圣言礼乐备the elder and the younger tai,wrote commentaries on the book of rites.they publish the holy words,and ceremonies and music were set in order.曰国风曰雅颂号四诗当讽咏we speak of the kuo feng,we speak of the ya and the sung.these are the four sections of the book of poetry,which should be hummed over and over.诗既亡春秋作寓褒贬别善恶when odes ceased to be made,the spring and autumn annals were produced.these annals contain praise and blame,and distinguish the good from the bad. 三传者有公羊有左氏有彀梁the three commentaries upon the above, include that of kung-yang,that of tsoand that of ku-liang.。
披蒲编，削竹简。
彼无书，且知勉。
【出处】《三字经》【解释】西汉时期的路温舒，小时家贫，每天都要到野外去放羊，没机会读书。
但他一心上进，把蒲草编成席子，将借来的书抄在蒲席上学习。
同时期另有一位名叫公孙弘的人，小时家境贫寒，买不起书，于是他将竹子削成竹片，把文字刻在竹片上为书，时时充实自己。
他们都是穷得买不起书的人，却依然勤勉好学，后来果然都有了一番成就。
【故事延伸】编蒲抄书路温舒，字长君，西汉巨鹿东里人，即今河南新郑人。
路温舒年少时就十分喜欢学习，可家里穷，每天他都要给别人放羊才能勉强填饱肚子，根本没有机会进学校读书。
他常常想，如果我能边放羊，边读书，那多好啊!有一天，路温舒赶着羊群来到一个池塘边，看见那一丛丛又宽又长的蒲草，灵机一动：这蒲草这么宽，不正像那抄书的竹木简吗?这样的书，不仅不用钱，而且重量也比用竹木简做的书轻得多，放羊时还可以带着阅读。
于是，他采了一大捆蒲草带回家中，然后做成和竹简一样的书。
有了蒲草书，路温舒就不愁没书读了。
他每次去放羊，身边都带着这种书，一有时间就读。
读完一本再抄一本。
这样学习了一段时间，他获得了不少知识，并因此当了小吏。
乘着当小吏的机会，他又学习了当时的律令，被提升为狱吏。
县里的人遇有什么解决不了的问题，都请他帮忙解决。
后来，路温舒升任廷尉奏曹掾、守廷尉史、郡太守等职。
宣帝即位，他上疏请求改变重刑罚、重用治狱官吏的政策，主张“尚德缓刑”，“省法制，宽刑罚”。
他认为秦朝灭亡的原因是法密政苛，重用狱吏。
汉承袭秦朝这一弊政，必须改革。
他还反对刑讯逼供，认为刑讯迫使罪犯编造假供，给狱吏枉法定罪开了方便之门。
另外，他在奏疏中还提出了废除诽谤罪，广开言路等建议。
凭着刻苦用功的精神，路温舒终于从一个放羊娃，成长为西汉时有名的法律学家。
