腰椎后路椎间融合术后融合器脱出的原因分析

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《中华骨与关节外科杂志》2019年6月第12卷第6期Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Vol.12,No.6,Jun..2019腰椎后路椎间融合术后融合器脱出的原因分析*卢文灿1段春光1陶惠人1**王升儒2叶灿华1莫家栋3陈奋勇3仉建国2(1.深圳大学总医院骨科,广东深圳518055;2.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院骨科,北京100730;3.福建医科大学附属协和医院骨科,福州350001)【摘要】背景:腰椎后路椎间融合术后融合器脱出发生率低,有关其原因分析的国内外文献报道较少。

目的:探讨腰椎后路椎间融合术后融合器脱出的相关原因及预防措施。

方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年6月诊治的18例行腰椎后路椎间融合术后融合器向后脱出患者的临床资料,探讨融合器脱出的可能原因及其预防措施。

结果:腰椎滑脱症8例,腰椎管狭窄症6例,腰椎间盘突出症4例;合并骨质疏松症6例,合并间质性肺炎、类风湿性关节炎需长期口服激素各1例;体重指数(BMI)正常8例,超重10例;融合器植入深度良好者7例,不良者11例;脱出节段植入1枚融合器者13例,植入2枚融合器者5例;椎弓根钉棒系统稳定性良好者13例,不良者5例;12例开始恢复工作的时间为术后6~26周,平均为术后16.7周,术后恢复工作至发现融合器脱出的时间为2~260周,平均27.9周。

结论:腰椎后路椎间融合术后融合器脱出由多种因素所致,包括:腰椎滑脱未完全复位、合并骨质疏松症、肥胖、融合器类型选择不当、融合器型号偏小、融合器植入深度不良、单个椎间隙植入2枚融合器、椎弓根钉棒系统稳定性不良、术后过早恢复体力劳动等。

【关键词】腰椎椎间融合术;融合器;脱出;并发症Cause analysis of cage retropulsion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion*LU Wencan1,DUAN Chunguang1,TAO Huiren1**,WANG Shengru2,YE Canhua1,MO Jiadong3,CHENFenyong3,ZHANG Jianguo2(1.Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Shenzhen University General Hospital,Shenzhen518055;2.Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,CAMS&PUMC,Beijing100730;3.Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,Fuzhou350001,China)【Abstract】Background:The incidence of cage retropulsion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion is low and there are few re⁃ports about it in domestic and foreign literature.Objective:To investigate the correlation factors and preventive measures of cage retropulsion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion.Methods:The data of18patients with cage retropulsion after posteri⁃or lumbar interbody fusion diagnosed and treated from January2012to June2018were retrospectively analyzed in order to in⁃vestigate the possible causes of cage retropulsion and its preventive measures.Results:Eight patients were diagnosed with lumbar spondylolisthesis,6patients were diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis and4patients were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation.There were6patients with osteoporosis,1patient with interstitial pneumonia and1patient with rheumatoid ar⁃thritis requiring long-term oral administration of hormones.There were8patients with normal body mass index(BMI)and10 patients with overweight BMI.The depth of cage implantation was good in7patients and bad in11patients.Thirteen patients were implanted with one cage and5patients were implanted with2cages at lumbar prolapsed segment.The stability of pedicle screw system was good in13patients and bad in5patients.Twelve patients started their work at the6th to26th weeks after sur⁃gery,with an average of16.7weeks.The time from resuming work postoperatively to the detection of cage retropulsion was2to 260weeks,with an average of27.9weeks.Conclusions:Cage retropulsion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion is often caused by multiple factors,including incomplete reduction of lumbar spondylolisthesis,osteoporosis,obesity,unsuitable cage type,small cage size,improper implantation depth of cage,implantation of2cages into a single intervertebral space,poor stabili⁃ty of pedicle screw system and premature start of physical labor,etc.【Key words】Lumbar Interbody Fusion;Cage;Retropulsion;Complications腰椎后路椎间融合术包括后路腰椎椎体间植骨融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)及经椎间孔腰椎椎体间植骨融合术(transforaminal lumbarinterbody fusion,TLIF),是目前所采用的经典术式。

临床应用融合器椎间植骨融合结合椎弓根钉棒内固定系统具有术后即刻稳定性好、植骨融合率高、可恢复椎间隙高度及曲度等诸多优点,广泛应用于腰椎滑脱症、腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎间盘突出症等疾病的治疗[1],但临床应用过程中也出现了神经根损伤、硬脊膜撕裂、融合器移位或脱出、椎间隙塌陷等并发症[2]。

本研究回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年6月诊治的18例腰椎后路椎间融合术后融合器脱出患者的临床资料,探讨融合器脱出的可能原因及其预防措施。

*基金项目:福建省教育厅中青年教师科研项目(JAT170224)**通信作者:陶惠人,E-mail:huiren_tao@ DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-9958.2019.06.03文章编号:2095-9958(2019)06-0414-05·临床论著·Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Vol.12,No.6,Jun..20191资料与方法1.1一般资料本研究中18例患者,男11例,女7例;年龄35~81岁,平均54.5岁。

1.2观测指标1.2.1术前因素:①主要诊断:施行腰椎手术的主要诊断;②合并症:患者术前主要合并疾病;③BMI:18.5~ 23.9kg/m2为正常,≥24kg/m2为超重。

1.2.2术中因素:①减压融合方式:包括PLIF及TLIF 两种术式;②固定融合节段:包括单节段及双节段,并统计融合器脱出的具体节段;③融合器类型:包括矩形钛合金材料及矩形聚醚醚酮(polyether-ether-ketone,PEEK)两种材料;④融合器与椎间隙骨性终板贴合情况:测量术后复查腰椎侧位X线片,矩形钛合金材料融合器与椎间隙上下方骨性终板间透亮带≥1mm 为贴合不良,无透亮带或透亮带<1mm为贴合良好;矩形PEEK材料融合器因在X线片上无法完整显影,故不纳入本项观测;⑤融合器脱出节段椎间隙高度恢复情况:腰椎侧位X线片上沿椎间隙上下方骨性终板各划一条切线,在上方终板切线上取上位椎体的前下缘、后下缘及中央3个点,分别向下作一垂直于下方终板切线的垂线,记录3条垂线的数值,取3个数值的平均值定义为椎间隙高度;测量术前、术后腰椎侧位X线片,术后椎间隙高度大于或等于术前者为良好,术后小于术前者为不良;⑥融合器脱出节段椎间隙前凸角度恢复情况:腰椎侧位X线片上,沿椎间隙上下方终板各划一条切线,两条切线形成的夹角即为椎间隙开角,向前开角为前凸,记录为正值,向后开角为后凸,记录为负值;测量术前、术后腰椎侧位X线片,术后椎间隙前凸角度大于或等于术前者为良好,术后小于术前者为不良;⑦融合器植入的深度:测量术后复查腰椎侧位X 线片中融合器后缘距离椎体后缘的数值,≥3mm为植入深度良好,<3mm为植入深度不良;⑧融合器植入的数量:单个椎间隙分别植入1枚或2枚融合器;⑨椎弓根钉棒系统稳定性:观察术后及随访时腰椎正侧位X线片和CT,若发现有椎弓根螺钉植入位置不良、松动、移位以及螺母松动、脱落或断钉、断棒者为稳定性不良[3],无此类情况者为稳定性良好。