王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-弗朗西斯

1/3十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书第2单元威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1.Whysleepissofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”“theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?Key:Deathmeanstheendoflife.Ifhedies,hemaygotoanunknownworldandcannevercomeback.Inthissense,Hamletcannottakerevengeonhisuncleforhisfather,failingtorealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmindthatHamletdoesn’tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?Key:AccordingtoHamlet,becausethatpeopledon’tknowwhatlyingtherewaitingforthemintheunknownworld,maybesomethingmoreterriblethanthatinthemortalworld.3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.Key:Itisthefearfortheunknownworldafterdeathandthelackofconfidenceforthefuturemakepeopleloosedeterminationtotakeaction.Hamletdoesn’t

1 / 31 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 第二部分 章节题库 第1单元 杰弗里·乔叟 Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. 1. The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general prologue and only _____ tales, of which two are left unfinished. 【答案】24 【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》计划写120个故事，但最后只完成总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。 2. The Canterbury Tales contains the _____ and 24 tales, two of which left unfinished. 【答案】General Prologue 【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》包括总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。 3. Chaucer employed the _____ couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales. 【答案】heroic 【解析】乔叟在《坎特伯雷故事集》中使用了英雄双韵体（heroic couplet） 4. The _____ provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures. 2 / 31 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 【答案】Prologue 【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》的序言部分提供整本书的基本框架，生动地刻画了一群各种各样的中世纪人物画卷。 5. In The Canterbury Tales, from the character of _____, we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s own day. 【答案】the Wife of Bath 【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。 6. In the 14th century, the two most important writers are _____ and Langland. 【答案】Geoffrey Chaucer 【解析】乔叟和兰格伦是英国14世纪两位最重要的作家。 Ⅱ.Multiple Choice 1. _____ creative work vividly reflected the changes which had taken root in English culture of the second half of the 14th century. A. Chaucer’s B. Byron’s C. Shelley’s D. Eliot’s 3 / 31 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 【答案】A 【解析】乔叟的作品栩栩如生地反映了14世纪下半叶英国文化发生的变化。 2. Chaucer was once influenced by Italian literature. His major work during this period is _____. A. Troilus and Criseyde B. The Romaunt of the Rose C. The Legend of Good Women D. The Canterbury Tales 【答案】A 【解析】乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期：法国影响时期、意大利影响时期和成熟时期。在意大利影响时期（1372～1386），诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作如《百鸟会议》《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》等，反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。 3. The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely _____. A. William Langland’s Piers the Plowman B. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales C. John Gower’s Confessio Amantis D. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 4 / 31 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 【答案】B 【解析】《坎特伯雷故事》是一部诗体故事集，大部分以韵诗形式写成。全书收有一篇总引和二十三篇故事，其中散文两篇，其余都是诗体。讲述了一群香客到坎特伯雷城去朝圣的路上，为解闷而各人所说的奇异故事。这群人来自社会各阶层，有教士、武士、修女、大学生、工匠等等，他们的故事也广泛地反映了当时的社会风貌。作品以幽默和讽刺为基调，刻画了不同阶层的人物，讽刺封建社会的丑恶，揭露社会的腐朽，反对禁欲主义，宣扬世俗享乐。 4. Chaucer’s active career provided him not only with knowledge but also experiences, which accounted for the wide range of his writings. The followings are all his career EXCEPT _____. A. legislator and ambassador B. soldier and office-holder C. businessman and churchman D. justice and knight 【答案】C 【解析】乔叟与宫廷往来密切，当过廷臣、关税督察、肯特郡的治安法官、郡下议院议员。他曾因外交事务出使许多国家和地区，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。 Ⅲ. Explain the following terms. 1. epic Key: It is, originally, an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. 5 / 31 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving actions of broad sweep and grandeur. Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual, thereby giving unity to the composition. Great epics include The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer. 2. Alliteration Key: ①(also known as ‘head rhyme’ or ‘initial rhyme’), the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables—in any sequence of neighboring words. ②Now an optional and incidental decorative effect in verse or prose, it was once a required element in the poetry of Germanic languages (including Old English and Old Norse) and in Celtic verse. ③Such poetry, in which alliteration rather than rhyme is the chief principle of repetition, is known as alliteration verse; its rules also allow a vowel sound to alliterate with any other vowel. Ⅳ. Read the following quotation and answer the questions. 6 / 31 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 Questions: 1. What is expressed in these opening lines of The Canterbury Tales? 2. How does the author emphasize the transition from nature to divinity? 3. Comment on Chaucer’s contribution of rhymed stanzas. Key: 1. ①The opening lines are a superb expression of a double view of the Canterbury pilgrimage. The first eleven lines are a chant of welcome to the spring with its harmonious marriage between heaven and earth which mellows vegetations, pricks fouls and stirs the heart of man with a renewing power of nature. Thus, the pilgrimage is treated as an event in the calendar of nature, an aspect of the general springtime surge of human energy which wakens man’s love of nature. ②But spring is also the season of Easter and is allegorically regarded as the time

The Tiger P50

1. Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Ti ger can

illuminate each other?

The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet ’s exploration,

understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger

is created by God as well as the Lamb. S o either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God. I think

both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind

“innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will

caus e social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So

the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its

passion, desire and all the lofty beauty.

1/139十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书第1单元杰弗里·乔叟Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.1.TheCanterburyTalescontainsinfactageneralprologueandonly_____tales,ofwhichtwoareleftunfinished.【答案】24【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》计划写120个故事，但最后只完成总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。2.TheCanterburyTalescontainsthe_____and24tales,twoofwhichleftunfinished.【答案】GeneralPrologue【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》包括总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。3.Chauceremployedthe_____coupletinwritinghisgreatestworkTheCanterburyTales.【答案】heroic【解析】乔叟在《坎特伯雷故事集》中使用了英雄双韵体（heroiccouplet）4.The_____providesaframeworkforthetalesinTheCanterburyTales,anditcomprisesagroupofvividpicturesofvariousmedievalfigures.【答案】Prologue【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》的序言部分提供整本书的基本框架，生动地刻画了一群各种各

2/139十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书样的中世纪人物画卷。5.InTheCanterburyTales,fromthecharacterof_____,wemayseeaveryvividsketchofawomanofthemiddleclass,andacolorfulpictureofthedomesticlifeofthatclassinChaucer’sownday.【答案】theWifeofBath【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。6.Inthe14thcentury,thetwomostimportantwritersare_____andLangland.【答案】GeoffreyChaucer【解析】乔叟和兰格伦是英国14世纪两位最重要的作家。Ⅱ.MultipleChoice1._____creativeworkvividlyreflectedthechangeswhichhadtakenrootinEnglishcultureofthesecondhalfofthe14thcentury.A.Chaucer’sB.Byron’sC.Shelley’sD.Eliot’s【答案】A【解析】乔叟的作品栩栩如生地反映了14世纪下半叶英国文化发生的变化。