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考点巩固卷10 介词2023年高考真题1.（2023新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 40 hand rather than rolled.答案：by。
解析：考查介词。
句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。
by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
2.（2023新高考II卷）And who do they speak English 38 ?答案：with。
解析：考查介词。
句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。
故填with。
2.（2023全国甲卷）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68 saving their environment.答案：for。
解析：考查介词。
句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。
take responsibility for对……负责。
故填for。
3.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.答案：as。
解析：.考查介词。
句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。
介词介词又叫做前置词，是一种虚词，不能单独在句子当中担当成分，它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配（介词＋宾语）构成介词短语；和动词搭配构成短语动词，然后才能够在句子当中充当成分。
介词分为简单介词，如：at, in, on, besides, since, for等；合成介词，如：inside, outside, without, within, into, onto等；短语介词（或成语介词），如：because of, in front of, instead of, in spite of等；二重介词，如：from behind, until after等。
一、介词短语的句法功能介词在句子中可以充当定语、状语、表语、以及宾语补足语等。
1.作定语介词短语在句中做定语时须位于被修饰词之后。
The key to the door is missing.The water-tower in front of our school was built in 1988.2.作表语（或称为：主语的补足语）Some students are in the classroom, and some on the playground.As we know, Japan is to the east of China.3.作宾语补足语（或称为：宾语的表语）Did you see a pen under my desk this morning?They have sent another rocket into the sky.4.作状语1)On Sundays, the family are mostly out. （时间状语）2)On top of the hill stands a TV tower. （地点状语）3)He is used to sleeping with all the windows open. （伴随状语）4)In the search for the lost child, the villagers went all out. （目的状语）5)All the work must be done by hand. （方式状语）6)At times, I go to the cinema. （频度状语）7)She is by fa r the best student in our class. （程度状语）8)Because of poverty, he couldn’t go to school. (原因状语)9)To my surprise, he got the first prize in the contest. （结果状语 / 或评注性状语）10)Without our Party, we couldn’t live a happy life. （条件状语）11)In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through. （让步状语）12)As a matter of fact, nobody agreed to his project. （评注性状语）In my opinion,you’d better go with us.二、介词的复合结构“介词＋宾语＋补足语”可以构成介词的复合结构，在句子当中可充当表语、定语、状语、补语等。
考点04 介词和介词短语与数词（重难考点精讲练）介词在英语中比较活跃，在高考中，对介词的考查主要集中在语法填空和短文改错题型中，考查点为常见介词如，from,to, on, in, with, by, at, of , on 等等的基本用法上。
语法填空中介词的考查形式为非提示词型，短文改错中介词的考查包括介词的误用以及多词少词。
预计2023年高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词基本用法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。
在短文改错中，主要考查对介词的误用。
数词1. 掌握主要介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
一、介词介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介词由两个介词构成合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
考向一、介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
2023高考语文一轮复习文言文—文言虚词之“介词”考情考点考向【考情简述】“理解常见文言虚词在文中的意义和用法”，这一考点是文言文阅读的一项重要内容。
在每年的高考试卷中基本都有考查。
文言虚词的考查形式：（1）杂合到文中对文意的梳通和理解。
（2）以翻译文言文句子的形式间接考查。
（3）个别地方试卷一般采用选择题的形式,常常用比较的方式，即从两个句子中挑出某一字形相同的虚词，比较它们的意义与用法的异同；通常一句是所给的文章或片段中的,另一句是所学的课文中的。
为了大家的全面复习并扎实掌握文言文虚词，我们全新梳理并在“文言文虚词积累”系列中逐步推出：18个常考虚词+其他重要虚词。
其中18个常考虚词：而、何、乎、乃、其且、若、所、为、焉、也、以、因、于、与、则、者、之。
【基础知识】一、介词的概念文言介词是把名词、代词或名词性词性词组介绍给动词、形容词，以表示与之有关的处所、时间、方式、原因、对象等的词。
介词不能单独使用,它一定与所带的宾语组成介宾词组来修饰或补充说明动词、形容词，作句子的状语或补语。
介词可根据功用分为表处所的、表时间的、表对象的、表凭借的、表被动的等。
使用频率高，用法比较复杂的介词有：“于”“以”“为”“与”。
二、介词的特点同现代汉语相比，古代汉语的介词有以下一些特点：1.古代汉语中介词的动作性较强。
古代汉语的介词，除“于”“乎”以外，基本上是由动词虚化而来，因此大都兼有动词、介词两类词性。
例如：①如或知尔，则何以哉？（《子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华侍坐》）②请以剑舞。
（《鸿门宴》）③谁为大王为此计者？（《鸿门宴》）④玉斗一双，欲与亚父。
（《鸿门宴》）⑤臣请入，与之同命。
（《鸿门宴》）例①的“以”，动词，“做”。
例②的“以”，介词，“用”。
例③的前一个“为”，介词，“替”；后一个“为”，动词，“制定谋划”。
例④的“与”，动词，“送给”。
例⑤的“与”，介词，“同”。
2.现代汉语的介词短语，大多作状语。
介词〔短语〕和动词〔短语〕(一)介词(短语)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.解析：考查介词。
此处表示追踪北极熊数量的现代方法，表示“……的〞，故答案为of；也可理解为目的，故答案也可为for。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.解析：考查介词。
a pack of为固定搭配，表示“一包……；一群……〞，故填of。
3．(2019·卷)First celebrated in 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)．解析：考查介词。
表示“在哪一年〞用介词in，故填in。
4．(2018·某某卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.解析：此处for...与前面的go to...搭配，表示目的。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical munity (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical munity was trying to fight.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式〞。
【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：介词考点二. 重难点讲解：◆典型陷阱题分析◆1. “You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.”A. to, withB. for, withC. for, forD. at, for陷阱：容易误选B 或D。
分析：答案应选A。
第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词，用以修饰go to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了（=be late in doing sth）。
比较：We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。
We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我们吃饭吃得迟。
句中my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。
2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that陷阱：容易误选A 或B。
分析：答案应选D。
按英语习惯，除except, but 等极个别介词外，英语介词后通常不能直接跟that 从句作宾语。
遇此情况，通常是在that 从句前加上the fact，此时the fact 用作介词宾语，而其后that 从句则用作the fact 的同位语。
请看类似试题（答案均选D）：（1）They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that（2）She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that（3）What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that（4）Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that（5）The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observedA. whichB. sinceC. becauseD. because of陷阱：容易误选C。
因为按英语语法习惯，because是连词，其后接句子；而because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。
分析：此题答案选D。
because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用“引导词”。
如：He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。
They can’t h ave gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。
Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。
假若，一个从句已经有了自己的“引导词”，那么它前面就不宜再用because 这个连词了。
如：She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。
句中的what 相当于the thing that，也就是说what you said 相当于the thing that you said。
其中the thing 用作because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰the thing 的定语从句。
He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度（不好）而丢了工作。
句中的how 相当于the way in which，也就是说how he treated his boss相当于the way in which he treated his boss。
其中the way 用作because of 的宾语，而in which he treated his boss 为修饰the way 的定语从句。
4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析：最佳答案为D。
若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。
但若结合问句的语境答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。
比较：“When did you became an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since此题选B，因为问句问的是when（何时），所以用in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。
请再看两题：（1）“How long have you worked on the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”A. InB. ByC. AtD. Since答案选D，用since the end of last year 回答how long，即问句问“工作了多久”，答句说“自去年年底至今”。
（2）“How long will you work on the farm?” “____ the end of next year.”A. InB. ByC. AtD. Since答案选B，问句问“将工作多久”，答句说“工作明年明底”。
（3）“When did you leave the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”A. InB. ByC. AtD. Since答案选C，问句问“何时离开”，答句说“去年明底离开”。
5. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.A. aboutB. withC. toD. for陷阱：容易误选B。
根据汉语的“对某人生气”，将其中的“对”直译为to。
分析：最佳答案为B。
按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用be angry with [at] sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用be angry at [about] sth（在美国英语中也用be angry with sth，但不说be angry with sb）。
比较以下表达，其中的“对”也不用to来翻译：你对这些安排感到满意吗?误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?老师应该对他的学生严格要求。
误：Teachers should be strict to their students.正：Teachers should be strict with their students.6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.A. withB. ofC. onD. by陷阱：容易误选A。
根据keep in touch with （与……保持联系）这一常用搭配推出。
分析：正确答案是D。
by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。
请再看几例（均与介词搭配有关）：（1）We’ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?A. of, withB. with, towardsC. about, aboutD. for, about此题不要受a lot of的影响而误选A。
若第一空选of，a lot of cars 即为动词talk 的宾语，但实际上动词talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。
最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。
全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?”What about…意为“……怎么样”，用于征求意见。
（2）We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.A. asB. withC. ofD. by有的同学一看到句中的regard 和选项中的as，马上就联想到regard … as … （把……当作……）这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。
但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。
正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。
【典型例题】1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.A. offB. alongC. onD. around2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”A. onB. sinceC. untilD. after3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.A. inB. betweenC. amongD. on4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.”A. as well asB. so long asC. because ofD. in case of5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.A. GivenB. SupposedC. ConsideredD. Concluded6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.A. untilB. inC. byD. to7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?A. Because ofB. ExceptC. BesidesD. But for8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”A. PastB. FromC. OverD. Through9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.A. ExceptB. except forC. except thatD. in addition10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.A .except B. except whenC. except forD. except that11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.A. besidesB. except forC. exceptD. except that12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.A. ExceptB. Except forC. ButD. Besides13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part—time jobs every now and then.A. in spite ofB. instead ofC. in case ofD. in favor of14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.A. aroundB. abroadC. aboardD. ahead答案与解析：1. 选A。
