新英语国际音标分类四线三格书写练习
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音素分类 音标书写 音位音长 元音 声带振动 单音口形不变
前元音 [ i: ][ ɪ ][ e ][ æ ] 扁唇形,舌尖抵下齿,依次张大 中元音 [ ɜ: ] [ ə] [ ʌ] 圆唇,舌悬空中高,依次张大 后元音 [u:][ʊ][ɔ:][ɒ][ɑ:] 扁圆唇,舌后缩底高,依次张大 双元音口形变 合口 双元音 [eɪ] [ɔɪ] [aɪ] 前长后短,前重后轻,首音长三分之二,次音三分之一,从首音滑向次音,一到即止。 合口 双元音 [əʊ] [aʊ]
集中 双元音 [ɪə] [ʊə] [eə]
辅音 声带振动或无振动 腔阻成音 爆破音 清 [ p ] [ t ] [ k ] 1.双唇闭,气冲成音 2.舌尖抵上齿龈,弹舌成音 3.舌后部抵软鄂,咳气成音 浊
[ b ] [ d ] [ g ]
摩擦音 清 [ s ][θ][ f ʃ ] 1. s z双唇微张,舌尖平近上齿,气流缓出舌齿间, 2. 双唇微张,舌尖平抵上齿龈冲舌成音 3.圆唇微突出,舌尖微上卷近上齿龈,送气成音 4.上齿轻咬下唇,气出唇齿,摩擦成音. 浊
[ z ][ ð ][ z ][ ʒ ]
破擦音 清 [ tr] [ tʃ] [ ts] 口舌摆好首音音位,尽力发出次音,即可成音
浊 [ dr ][ dʒ ][ dz ]
半元音 [ w ] [ j ] 1. W稍圆突唇舌后抬起,嘴唇滑向两边,振动 2. j扁唇微笑,舌尖抵下齿,舌面贴上鄂,振动, 3. 两音长很短,一出即滑至后音 似摩音 [ l ] [ h ] [ r ] 1.l舌抵上齿龈,稍弯,气出舌两边成音,振动 2.h 嘴唇自然张开,呵气成音,声带不振动 3.r舌关上卷悬中,圆唇稍突,冲舌成音,振动 鼻音 [m] [n] [ŋ] 双唇紧闭,舌尖平悬,气出鼻腔振动
双唇微开,舌尖抵上齿龈,气出鼻腔,振动 双唇张开,舌尖抵下齿龈,舌后自然升顶,气出鼻腔,
语流音变
浊化 两清辅音相连,后清变浊, [sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg] [ str] →[sdr] speak spy study star sky school screen street 失爆 两爆相连,爆擦相连,前音失爆 Blackboard bookcase bedside cardboard footbridge
Come back tomorrow. I don’t think so. 连读 前词辅音尾,后词元音头,Not at all. There is, on it, in an office ,in English, 连读成一词 Get out, all over, first of all, 英语国际音标新旧对照表 Vowels 元音20个
新 i: ɪ e æ ɜ: ə ʌ u: ʊ ɔ: 旧 i: i e æ ə: ə ʌ u: u ɔ: 新 ɒ a: eɪ aɪ ɔɪ əʊ aʊ ɪə eə ʊə 旧 ɔ ɑ: ei ai ɔi əu au iə εə uə
Consonants 辅音28个
无
变 化
p b t d k g f v s z ð m n ŋ l r h w j ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ tr dr ts dz
英语国际音标四线三格书写规范 长元音 [ i:] [ u:] [ ɜ:] [ ɔ:] [ ɑ:]
短元音 [ ɪ [ ʊ] [ ə [ ɒ ] [ e ] [æ ] [ ʌ ] 双元音 /eɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɪə/ /ʊə/ /eə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ 轻辅音 /p / / t / / k / / f/ / ʃ / / s / /θ/ 浊辅音 /b / /d/ / g / / v / / ʒ / / z / / ð / 轻辅音 / ts/ / tʃ/ / tr/ / h/ 浊辅音 / dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ / r/ 鼻音 /m/ / n / / ŋ /
半元音 / j / /w/
舌侧音 / ǀ / 含糊音 / ǀ / 英语国际音标音源练习 一.单元音:vowels(12个) 1.[ i:] A: Tea or coffee? B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please. e: me be she he we evening see ee: sweet bee sweep sheep sleep three green ea: meat read leaf sea pea teach eat clean ie, ei, eo: piece, ceiling, people 2.[ ɪ][ i ] His little sister is sitting in the middle. i: is English pig fish in fifteen six ship thin e: begin behind jacket basketball y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy ey: monkey money ay: Sunday Saturday Friday 比较:1.it--eat 2. live—leave 3. fill—feel 4. seat—sit 5. tree—trip 6.bit—bee 7. sheep—ship 8. deed—did 9. live—leave 10. feed—fit 11. pea—pit 12. rid—read 13. street—strict 14. sleep—slip 3.[ e ] Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Till good is better. And better best. e: egg bell desk leg red pet then ten pen ea: bread head breakfast ai: again 4.[ æ ] Cat, cat! Catch that black rat! a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map Compare: 1. bet--bat 2. pat—pet 3. bag—beg 4. sat—set 5. neck--lack 6. sad—said 7.bad—bed 8.dad—dead 9.lad—led 10. fad—fed 5. [:][ə:] The early bird catches the worm first. er: her serve term ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain ear:early learn or: word work world 6. [ ə ] The farmer’s sister is a doctor. er:teacher clever brother dinner father sister ruler ar: sugar or:doctor a:panda about above camera sofa China e: open ure: picture 7. [ ʌ] Come to the front on the double. o: son come colour love money u: sun nut jump gum us bus brush supper duck ou: touch cousin country 8.[ u:] How do you do? You look really cool. o: do who whose oo: food moon too soon ui: fruit juice u: ruler rude ou:soup oe:shoe 9.[ ʊ ][u] Look at the cookbook. It’s really good. o:woman wolf oo:look good book foot wood classroom u:bull bullet 10.[ ɔ:] My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer. a: water aw:draw strawberry al:ball wall call or:horse morning corn fork or short oor:floor door au: autumn ar: warm 11. [ ɒ ][ ɔ] The little pot is so hot. o: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor long sorry a: watch what 12.[ a:] It’s far to the farm from the park. a: grass glass class plant dance fast father last half ar: car star arm park March hard garden dark scarf au: laugh aunt ear: heart