宾语从句
- 格式:doc
- 大小:105.50 KB
- 文档页数:5
宾语从句结构及用法宾语从句是一种复合句,它是一个独立的句子,可以放在另一个句子的后面,作为另一个句子的宾语。
它可以提供被谓语动词所要表达的信息。
一、定义:宾语从句是一个独立的句子,由从句状语、主语、谓语动词以及其他从句成分组成,作为一个完整句子的宾语放在另一个句子的后面。
它是一种复合句结构,用于表达被谓语动词所要表达的信息。
二、结构:宾语从句的结构主要有以下几种:1. 以表语从句作宾语。
这类宾语从句通常由连接代词that或whether引出,其主句谓语动词常为认知动词,如think、doubt、consider、believe 、know等。
例句:I don't know that he will come.我不知道他会来。
2. 以不定式作宾语宾语从句的主句谓语动词一般都是表示完成将来要求的动词,如want(要)、ask(要求、叫)、decide(决定)、order(命令)等。
例句:He asked me to go there.他要求我去那儿。
3. 以动词不定式短语作宾语宾语从句的谓语动词一般是表示给予反馈的动词,如tell(告诉)、explain(解释)、show(显示)等。
例句:My teacher explained to us how to solve the problem.我的老师解释给我们如何解决这个问题。
4. 由从属连词who、which、that、whom等引导的宾语从句宾语从句的谓语动词常为行为动词,如see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使)、find(发现)等。
例句:I heard that he was ill.我听说他病了。
三、用法:1、在宾语从句中,无论是什么类型的宾语从句,都应该将主句和宾语从句中的谓语动词时态保持一致。
2、介词后面也可以接宾语从句,主句的谓语动词一定是表示把某人或某物带到某处的意思的动词。
3、宾语从句紧跟在主句之后,而且:如果主句放在宾语从句之前,宾语从句中的从属连词要和主句已经具体指定的主语或宾语相一致。
宾语从句的引导词及其使用宾语从句是英语语法中的重要概念,它承担句子中的宾语成分。
在句子中,宾语从句作为一个整体,起到补充说明、解释或者衔接句子中的动词所需的功能。
为了使宾语从句更加准确、清晰地引导和表达,英语中采用了特定的引导词。
本文将介绍一些常见的宾语从句的引导词以及它们的使用。
1. 陈述句引导词陈述句引导词用于引导陈述句类型的宾语从句,包括that和whether/if。
例句1:He said (that) he would come to the party.例句2:I'm not sure whether/if she can help us.在例句1中,that引导的宾语从句解释说明了"He said"这个动词所表达的具体内容;而在例句2中,whether/if引导的宾语从句用于表达疑问和不确定性。
2. 一般疑问句引导词一般疑问句引导词用于引导一般疑问句类型的宾语从句,包括if和whether。
例句1:Do you know if/whether she is coming tonight?例句2:I wonder if/whether he can speak French.在例句1中,if/whether引导的宾语从句询问了"Do you know"这个动词所询问的具体事实;在例句2中,if/whether引导的宾语从句表达了一种想知道的思考习惯。
3. 特殊疑问句引导词特殊疑问句引导词用于引导特殊疑问句类型的宾语从句,包括who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why和how。
例句1:Tell me who/whom you met at the party.例句2:I don't know what/which car he wants to buy.在例句1中,who/whom引导的宾语从句提问了"Tell me"这个动词所询问的具体人物信息;在例句2中,what/which引导的宾语从句问询了"I don't know"这个动词所涉及的具体事物。
宾语从句的引导词与位置宾语从句是由一个从属连词引导的句子,用作主句中的宾语。
宾语从句的引导词有很多种,并且根据引导词的不同位置,宾语从句也会有不同的结构和语序。
在本文中,我们将探讨宾语从句的引导词以及它们在句子中的位置。
一、引导词的种类宾语从句的引导词分为两大类:连接代词和连接副词。
常见的连接代词有:that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which等;连接副词有:when, where, why, how等。
这些引导词根据不同的语境和句子要求使用。
二、连接代词的位置1. 连接代词作宾语从句的主语时,通常放在从句的句首。
例如:- That he is my best friend is known to everyone.- Who broke the vase remains a mystery.2. 连接代词作宾语从句的宾语时,通常放在及物动词或者介词后面。
例如:- She asked me whether I had finished the report.- I don't know what he wants to say.3. 在某些特定的情况下,连接代词也可以放在句尾。
例如:- You can choose whichever book you like.- They have decided to hire whoever is qualified for the job.三、连接副词的位置1. 连接副词在宾语从句中通常放在句首。
例如:- I don't know why he is not coming to the party.- She asked me when we would meet again.2. 有时连接副词也可以放在句尾。
例如:- You should tell me how to solve this problem.- I can't remember where I put my keys.四、特殊情况的引导词位置有些引导词在特定的情况下可以放在句首或句尾,具体的位置取决于句子结构和语境。
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,口语中一般可以省略。
whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
当if/whether引导宾语从句时,在从句中不做任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。
if/whether不能省略。
如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.补充:从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.分类:宾语从句分为三类:(1)动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.时态:1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.当为客观事实和科学真理时,从句为一般现在时。
(2)宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他将在下一年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won this game?你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Huawei or Apple smart phone?你决定好是买华为还是苹果的手机了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.(3)动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team arestronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 keep in mind 牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been t o the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.(when引导时间状语从句,it是代词,代指这种情况) I hate it that i love you.我讨厌我爱你。
宾语从句用法详解宾语从句是指作为主句宾语的从句,通常置于动词、介词等词性后面。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句,有些形容词(如afraid、sure、glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
宾语从句中的引导词有连词、代词和副词,其中连词that常可省略,代词有who、whose、what、which,副词有when、where、how、why等。
在非正式场合,that可以省略。
在宾语从句中,可跟that从句做宾语的动词有say、think、insist、wish、hope、demand、imagine、wonder、know、suppose、see、believe、agree、admit、deny、expect、explain、order、XXX、feel、dream、suggest、hear、mean、notice、prefer、request、require、propose、declare、report等。
需要注意的是,当主句谓语动词是think、believe、suppose、expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
另外,当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,但后面的that不可省。
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,一般不可省略that。
例如:Just then I noticed。
for the first time。
that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,不可省略that。
例如:I can’t tell him that his mother died.注意:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
宾语从句讲解在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句有“四看”:一看连接词;引导宾语从句的连接词有三类:例句:I don’t know if /whether you can help me.我不知道你是否能够帮我。
I don’t know whether or not they will come.=I don’t know whether they will come or not. 我不知道他们来不来。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.(w hat在从句中作宾语)我想知道他正在写什么给我们。
We never know what he is.(what在从句中作表语)我们从不知道他是做什么的。
He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(which在从句中作定语)他不确定他该买哪件衣服。
I will tell you why I asked you to come.(why在从句中作原因状语)我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
Could you tell me where Tom has gone?(where在从句中作地点状语)你能告诉我汤姆去哪里了吗?I want to know when you can finish the work.(when在从句中作时间状语)我想知道你什么时候能够完成这项工作。
二看时态:主从句时态要一致。
主句为现在时态,从句可用任何时态;主句若为过去时态,从句要用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
He said that he would help us.他说他会帮我们的。
I didn’t know what he had done.我不知道他干了什么事。
注意:若从句表达的是客观事实或真理,从句用现在时态。
I didn’t know that light travels faster than sound.我以前不知道光比声音传播得快。
宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.时态:1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
1.宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学.I d on’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?N one of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.2.动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.3.介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.4.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.5.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
宾语从句的用法归纳一、定义在句子中,主句和从句之间用一个从属连词连接起来,从属连词后的句子为从句,而这个从句在整个句子中充当一个成分,这个成分就叫宾语。
例如,“我希望明天会是一个晴天”(I hope that tomorrow will be a sunny day.)这个句子中,“that tomorrow will be a sunny day”就是宾语从句。
二、种类根据从句在句子中的语法功能,宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1.动词的宾语从句例如,“他说他已经完成了作业”(He said that he had finished his homework.),这个句子中的“that he had finished his homework”就是动词的宾语从句。
1.介词的宾语从句例如,“他在家里做作业”(He does his homework at home.),这个句子中的“at home”就是介词的宾语从句。
1.形容词的宾语从句例如,“他感到很开心,因为他的作文得到了满分”(He felt very happy because he got full marks for his composition.),这个句子中的“because he got full marks for his composition”就是形容词的宾语从句。
三、连接词连接词是指用于连接主句和从句的词。
根据不同的作用,连接词可分为三类:从属连词、疑问代词和疑问副词。
常用的从属连词有that、whether、if、as if等;常用的疑问代词有who、whose、what、which等;常用的疑问副词有where、when、why、how等。
四、注意事项1.从句的语序要符合语法规则,即主语在前,谓语在后。
2.从句的时态要与主句的时态保持一致。
如果主句是一般现在时,从句可根据表达的需要使用不同的时态;如果主句是过去时态,从句要用相应的过去时态。
宾语从句用法全解一、宾语从句概述在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子就叫宾语从句。
宾语通常有动词宾语、介词宾语和形容词宾语,所以宾语从句分为:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句这三种类型。
1.及物动词的宾语从句We know that Trump is the former president of America.I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.2. 介词的宾语从句We’re interested in what she is doing.We should think about how we can do better next time.We are curious about whether he will continue to be the president of America.3. 部分形容词的宾语从句I’m sure that we will win the game.He was really worried that his coach might kick him off the team.I’m so glad that I canceled my plan to go to the market.I am afraid that he will lose the election.二、賓语从句的连接词1. 连接词that当宾语从句是陈述句时,用连接词that引导,that无意义,不作成分,在口语或非正式文体中常省略that。
I hear (that)he will be back in a month.Many think (that)sharks are too strong to be endangered.Mary told me (that)she would go shopping the next day.注意:that在宾语从句中可省略,但在两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句中,从第二个that起,不能省略。
宾语从句(复习课)
一.定义
二.连接词分类及用法
【句子分析】
三.that在宾语从句中不可以省略的情况
四.It作形式宾语
五.宾语从句中的时态
六.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
七.宾语从句中的否定转移
八.宾语从句中if与whether的用法
【习题精炼】
1. I remember_______used to be a quiet village.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D. what
2. When the holidays were drawing near, I asked my American friends ___ was the best way to travel in the
United States.
A. that
B. what
C. such
D. that
3. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______.
A. where he had paid for it
B. what he had paid for it
C. what he was paid for it
D. which he had paid for it
4. Sometimes we are asked ______ we think the likely result of an action will be.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. whether
5. They have not made any decision on ______ they are going to do to deal with the waste and control pollution.
A. that
B. which
C. if
D. what
6. --- Do you know him?
--- Yes, but I can’t remember ________I met him for the first time.
A. where
B. what C that D. if
7. --- Do you know _____ Mr. Black’s address is.
--- He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I'm not sure of _____.
A. what; which
B. where; which
C. where ; what
D. what; where
8. This old computer must have been of great use to _______ did the scientific research.
A. those
B. when
C. whoever
D. whomever
9. He wanted to make sure __________.
A. how we went there by bus
B. where did we go
C. what did we go there
D. when we went there
10. I really don't mind much _______they came to visit me or not. A. because B. why C. when D. whether
11. ____ we can't get seems better than _____ we have.
A. What; what
B. What; that
C. That; that
D. That; what
12. Although most of them have no doubt ____ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about _____ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that
B. that; whether
C. that; that
D. whether; whether
13. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______ he or she wants.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. wherever
14. He was never satisfied with or proud of ____ he had achieved.A. what B. that C. which D. all which
15. Can you tell me ____ get to the railway station?
A. how can I
B. what I can
C. how I can
D. where I can
16. We don’t know ______.
A. this is whose dictionary
B. whose dictionary is this
C. whose dictionary this is
D. whose is this dictionary
17. Each blind man believed ____ he knew just ____ the elephant looked like.
A. that; what
B. what; that
C. that; that
D. what; what
18. D o you know ____ your parents are pleased ____ you’ve done?
A. why; for what
B. how; with what
C. that; with which
D. how; for what
19. I’ve got to make ____ he told a lie.
A. that clear
B. it clear that
C. quite clear
D. this clear that
20. Some people believe ___ is easier for small countries to become strong and rich than for large____.
A. that; country
B. it; one
C. that; countries
D. it; ones
Keys:1-5 DBBBD 6-10 AACDD 11-15 ABBAC 16-20 CABBD。