2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

序号缩略语英文解释中文翻译收录时间1AACE Association for Advancement ofCost Engineer费用工程师协会2011-5-29 2ABS American Bureau of Shipping美国航运局2009-1-24 3AC Alternating Current交流电2008-11-34 A.C Airline Clerk航空公司职员2009-2-235 A.D.Anno Domini公元2008-12-23 6ADS atmospheric diving system常压潜水系统2008-11-14 7AE Asphalt Enamel沥青底漆2008-11-2 8AFC approved for construction批准用于建造（图纸）2008-11-14 9AFE AUTHORIZATION FOR EXPENDITURE授权支出2009-3-25 10AGA American Gas Association美国天然气协会2009-3-27 11AGS American Geographical Society美国地理学会12AISC American Institute of SteelConstruction美国钢铁建设研究会2009-3-2713AISI American Iron and SteelInstitute美国钢铁研究会2009-3-1814AMA American Marketing Association美国营销协会2008-12-18 15AMEC AMEC PLC总部位于伦敦的一家工程公司。

主要关注能源、环保、水资源利用等领域的工程设计和咨询2011-5-2816ANP Agência Nacional do Petróleo,Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis 巴西国家石油天然气和生物燃料管理机构2011-5-917ANSI American National StandardsInstitute美国国家标准研究会2009-3-27 18AO Asset Optimization system资产优化系统2009-12-22 19AOE Additional Oil Entitlement政府征收的附加税（油）2009-6-24 20APB Annular Pressure Build up环空压力恢复2009-1-21 21API American Petroleum Insititue美国石油学会2008-11-222APP Accommodation and PowerPlatform生活动力平台2008-11-1423APRM African Peer Review Mechanism非洲同侪审查机制2008-12-26 24ASC Audit Services & Certifications审计服务和认证2008-11-1925ASHRAE American Society of Heating,Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers美国加热制冷和空调工程师协会2009-3-2726ASME American Society Mechanicalengineers美国机械工程师协会2008-11-227ASNT American Society of Non-destructive Testing美国无损检测协会2009-3-2728ASTM American Society for Testingand Material美国测试和材料协会2009-3-2529ATCF After Tax Cash Flow税后现金流2009-6-9 30ATM Atmosphere大气压2009-5-7 31AVO Amplitude Versus Offset振幅--偏移2009-1-20 32AWS American Welding Society美国焊接协会2009-3-27 33BACT Best Available ControlTechnology最优可用技术2009-3-25 34BBC Bare Boat Charter空船租赁合同2011-6-14 35BCF Billion Cubic Feet十亿立方英尺2009-3-24 36BCM Bow to Center Manifold接入中心管汇2009-4-24 37BED Basic Engineering and Design基本工程设计2011-5-28 38BEDP Basic Engineering DesignPackage基本工程设计包2011-5-29 39BHP Brake HorsePower制动马力2009-3-25 40BHP Bottom Hole Pressure井底压力2009-5-20 41BHT Bottom Hole Temperture井底温度2009-5-20 42BII Business Interruption Insurance营业中断保险2009-3-25 43BPD Barrels per day桶每天2008-11-2 44BLPD Barrel Liquid per day桶液每天2008-11-2 45BML Below the Mud Line泥面以下2009-1-21 46BO Barrel of Oil桶油2009-8-25 47BoD Board of Directors董事会2011-6-14 48BOD Basis of Design设计基础2009-3-25 49BOE Barrel of Oil Equivalent油桶当量2009-3-25 50BOG哥伦比亚波哥大机场代码2010-6-9 51BOP Blockout preventer (BOP)防喷器2008-11-17 52BOPD Barrel Oil per day桶油每天2008-11-2 53BPD Barrel per day桶每天2009-3-25 54BPU Basement Processing Unit基底油藏采出原油处理装置2009-5-20 55BSI British Standards Institution英国标准研究会2009-3-27 56BS&W Basic Sediment and Water基本沉淀物和水2009-3-25 57BTCF Before Tax Cash Flow税前现金流2009-1-20 58BTU British Thermal Unit英热单位2008-11-2 59BV Bureau Veritas检验局2009-3-25 60BWPD Barrel Water per day桶水每天2008-11-2 61CADD Computer Aided Drafting andDesign计算机辅助制图和设计2011-5-29 62CALM Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring悬链锚腿系泊2009-6-9 63CAPEX Capital Expenditures资本性支出，投资2008-10-29 64CAR Corrective Action Requests整改通知单2008-11-665CAPP Canadian Association of PetroleumProducers加拿大石油生产商协会2008-1-466CBT Commercial Bid Tabulation商务评标表2009-6-21 67CCE Current Control Estimate目前控制估算2011-6-1468CCE Constant Composition Expansion定组分膨胀2009-1-20 69CCE Carbon Chloroform Extraction碳氯仿抽提（萃取）2009-1-20 70CCR Central Control Room中心控制室2008-11-3 71CCR Conradson Carbon Residue康氏残炭2010-2-8 72CCS Current Control Schedule目前控制进度2011-6-14 73CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine联合循环燃气涡轮机2008-12-2474CCGT Combined-Cycle GeneratingTechnology 联合循环发电技术2008-12-2475CCITT Consultative Committee forInternational Telegraphy andTelephony 国际电讯和电话协商委员会2009-3-2776CCTA Coal/Asphaltene, Fuel oil/heavyoil,Surfactant and Water Trilpleemulsion 煤/沥青，燃油/重油,表面活性剂,和水组成的多重乳状液2010-9-2977CCTV Close Circuit Television闭路电视系统2008-11-3 78CCU Central Compression Unit中心压缩装置（单元）2008-11-11 79CD Colsed Draining密闭排污2008-11-2 80CD Chart Datum海图(水深）基准面2008-11-2 81CD Compact Disc(Data storage media)硬盘（数据存储介质）2008-11-3 82CDF Commercial Demonstration Facility商业化示范设施2010-9-28 83CDG法国巴黎戴高乐机场代码2010-6-9 84CDM Clean Development Mechanism清洁发展机制2009-6-1 85CDU Crude Distillation Unit原油蒸馏装置2011-5-29 86CEO Chief Executive Officer首席执行官2009-6-9 87CFM Cubic Feet per Minute立方英尺/分2008-11-26 88CFO Chief Financial Officer财务总监89CFT Call For Tender招标2008-11-11 90CGA Compressed Gas Association压缩天然气协会2009-3-27 91CGR Condensate Gas Ratio凝液/气比2009-1-20 92CI Chemical Injection化学剂注入2008-11-3 93CM Construction Management建设管理2009-3-19 94CMC Contractors Management Committee合同者管理委员会2009-6-14 95CMC Carboxy Methyl Cellulose羧甲基纤维素2010-1-4 96CMS Competence Management System权限管理系统2009-2-6 97CMMS Computerized MaintenanceManagement System计算机化维护管理系统2009-12-22 98 C.O Customs Officer海关官员2009-2-23 99COO Chief Operating Officer首席营运官2009-6-9 100COPI Chevron Overseas Petroleum Inc.雪弗隆海外石油公司2009-5-6101COT Cargo Oil Tank货舱污油罐2009-1-24 102COW Crude Oil Washing原油清洗2009-4-24 103CP Conductor Pod井口导管平台2009-4-14 104CPI Computer Processed Image plot计算机处理影像图2009-1-20 105CPI Corrugated Plate Interceptor瓦楞板拦截器2008-11-25 106CPM -Critical Path Method关键路径法2008-11-21 107CPP Central Processing Platform中心处理平台2008-10-29 108CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy耐蚀合金2009-1-23 109CS Classification Society船级社2009-1-24 110CSG Casing套管2008-11-17 111CSR Claim Service Record理赔服务记录2008-12-23 112CSR Conditional Safety Requirement有条件的安全要求2008-12-23 113CSR Codes, Standards, and Regulations规范、标准和法规2008-12-24 114CSR Corporate Social Responsibility企业社会责任2009-2-62009-1-4 115CSS Cyclic Steam Stimulation Process循环蒸汽刺激工艺（蒸汽吞吐）116CTR Call to Response相应召唤2008-11-25 117CV Curriculum Vitae（拉）简历，履历2011-6-1 118DAO deasphalted oil脱沥青油2010-9-29 119dBA decibels Amplitude分贝，分贝振幅2008-11-2 120DB Design Basis设计基础2009-3-25 121DBB Design Bid Build设计-招标-建设2009-3-19 122DC Direct Current直流电2008-11-3 123DC Drill Collar钻铤2008-11-17 124DCF Discounted Cash Flow .折现现金流2009-4-15 125DCS Distributed Control System分布控制系统2008-10-29 126DFT Dry Film Thickness干膜厚度2008-11-2 127DG Diesel Generator柴油发电机2008-11-11 128DGM Deputy General Manager副总经理2011-6-14 129DGPS Differential Global Positioning System差分全球定位系统2009-4-24 130DMO demetallized oils脱金属油2010-9-29 131DMO Directive Management Office指令管理办公室2009-5-7 132DN Distribution Network配电网2008-12-3 133DNV Det Norske Vertas挪威船级社2008-11-2 134DOT Deep Offshore Technology深海技术2008-11-24 135DP Dynamically Positioning动力定位2008-10-28 136DP Drill Pipe钻杆2008-11-17 137DRA Design Risk Assessment设计风险评估2009-3-25 138DSCR Debt Service Coverage Ratio偿债率比2009-3-25139DSU Debt Service Undertaking偿债约定2009-3-25 140DST Drill Stem Test钻杆中途测试2008-11-17 141DWT Dry Weight Tons干重吨位2009-1-6 142 E & A Exploration and Appraisal勘探和评价2008-12-23 143E&P Exploration and Production勘探和开发2009-5-20 144EA Environment Assessment环境评估2009-3-25 145EAP Employee Assistance Program员工援助计划2009-7-16 146EBIDTA Earnings Before Interest DepreciationTaxes and Amortization扣除利息税折旧及摊销2009-3-25 147ECA Export Credit Agency出口信贷机构2009-3-25 148ECD Equivalent Circulating Density当量循环密度2010-1-12 149ECG Electricity Company of Ghana加纳电力公司2008-12-24 150EDG Emergency Diesel Generator应急柴油发电机2008-12-3 151EH Electro-Hydraulic电动-液压2008-11-2 152EHU Electro-Hydraulic Umbilical电动-液压 脐带管2008-11-2 153EHXT Enhanced Horizontal Christmas Tree加强型水平井口采油树2009-3-25 154EIA Electronic Industries Association电子工业协会2009-3-27 155EIA Environment Impact Assessment环境影响评价2008-11-3 156EIS Environmental impact statement环境影响报告书2009-6-24 157EITI Extractive Industry TransparencyInitiative采掘业透明度倡议2009-4-29 158EMP Environment Management Plan环境管理计划（方案）2009-3-25 159EMS Environmental Management Systems环境管理系统2008-12-23 160EMV Expected Monetary Value预期货币价值2009-2-21 161ENV Estimated Net Value估计净价值2009-6-24 162EOR Enhanced Oil Rrcovery提高原油采收率2009-12-23 163EPA Environment Protection Agency环境保护机构2009-3-25164EPC Engineering,Procurement &Construction 设计、采办和建设2008-11-3165EPCI Engineering,Procurement ,Construction & Installation 设计、采办、建设和安装2008-11-26166EPF Early Production Facilities早期生产设施2009-5-20167EPIC Engineering,Procurement , Installation& Construction 设计、采办、安装和建设2009-3-25168EPSC Exploration and Production SharingContract勘探开发分成合同2009-4-29 169EPT Extended Production Test扩大生产测试2009-4-24 170EQMD Equivalent Mud Density当量泥浆密度2010-1-13 171ERG Emergency Response Group应急反应小组2009-4-24 172ERP Emergency Response Plan应急反应方案2009-4-24 173ERR Emergency Response Room应急反应办公室2009-4-24 174ERT Emergency Response Team应急反应系统2009-4-24175ERW Electric Resistance Weld电阻焊2008-11-26 176 E.S Electrical Stability(油基泥浆或乳状液的）电稳定性2010-1-11 177ESC Engineering Service Contract工程设计服务合同2009-3-25 178ESD Emergency Shutdown紧急关断2008-11-2 179ESDV Emergency Shutdown Valve紧急关断阀2008-11-2 180ESP Electric Submersible Pump电潜泵2008-11-11 181ESS Expandable sand screen膨胀筛管2008-11-17 182ESSDS Electric Safety Shutdown System电子安全关闭系统2009-3-25 183ETA Estimated Time of Arrival估计到达时间2008-11-11 184EUR Estimated Ultimate Recovery估计最终采出量（采收率）2009-1-21 185EVA Economic Value Addation经济价值增加2009-12-23 186FA Framework Agreements框架协议2011-5-16 187FAO Food and Agriculture Organization联合国粮农组织2009-12-24 188FAT Factory Acceptance Test工厂可接受性测试，出场前检验测试2008-11-3 189FBE Fusion Bonded Epoxy热融结环氧2008-11-2 190FCC Fluid Catalytic Cracking流化床催化裂化2010-2-8 191FEED Front End Engineering and Design前端工程设计，设计前期研究2008-10-30 192FEL Front end loading加载前期工程2010-9-28 193FFD Full Field Development全油田开发2009-4-24 194FFG Field Fuel Gas油田燃料气2009-4-28 195FFS Fitness for Service服务见证2009-3-25 196FG Fuel Gas燃料气2009-5-20 197FGDSU Flue Gas Desulphurization Unit烟气脱硫装置2010-9-29 198FGIIP Free Gas Initially In Place原始自由气储量2009-3-25 199FGS Fire & Gas System火焰和气体监测系统2008-11-3 200FID Final Investment Decision最终投资决定（日期）2009-3-23 201FIDIC International Federation of ConsultingEngineers国际咨询工程师联合会2009-7-21202FIDIC Federation Internationale desIngenieurs Conseils (French)国际咨询工程师联合会（法）2009-7-21203FLB Field Logistics Base油田物流基地2009-3-25 204FOT Fuel Oil Tank燃料油罐2009-1-24 205FPU Floating Production Unit浮动生产装置2009-1-21 206FPSO Floating Production Storage andOffloading system浮动生产储存过驳系统2008-10-28 207FRA Friction Reducing Agents减阻剂2010-2-8 208FRC Fast Rescue Craft快速救援船2009-4-24209FRP Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料, 玻璃钢2009-3-25210FSO Floating Storage and Offloadingsystem 浮动储存过驳系统2008-10-29211FTF Feedstock Test Facility原料试验设施2010-9-28 212FTP First Tranche Petroleum第一期油2009-5-7 213FUC Follow Up Call按约付费项目2008-11-12 214FVF Formation Volume Factor底层体积系数2009-1-20 215FWHP Flowing Weelhead Pressure流动井口压力2008-11-2 216FWHT Flowing Weelhead Temperature流动井口温度2008-11-2 217FWS Full Well Stream全井流2009-3-25 218FWT Fresh Water Tank清水罐2009-1-24 219G&A General & Administrative一般费用及行政费用2008-12-23 220GC Gas Chromatography气相色谱2009-1-20 221GCoS Geological Chance of Success地址成功机会2009-2-20 222G&G Geological and Geophysical地质与地球物理2008-11-12 223GHG Green House Gas温室气体2009-11-30 224GHV Gross Heating Value总热值2008-11-2 225GM General Manager总经理2011-6-14226GMDSS Global Maritime Distress & SafetySystem 全球海上遇险和安全系统2009-4-24227GOR Gas Oil Ratio气油比2009-3-25 228GP Gas Production气体产量（生产）2009-3-25 229GPC General petroleum company叙利亚通用石油公司2010-6-7 230GRE Glass fibre Reinforced Epoxy玻璃纤维增强环氧2008-11-25 231GRE Gas Release Event气体释放事件2008-11-25 232GRER Glass fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂2008-11-25 233GRV Gross Rock Volume总岩石体积2009-2-20 234GS General Specification通用技术要求2009-5-20 235GSA Gas Sale Agreement天然气销售协议2009-6-24 236GSI Gas Services International气体服务国际公司（迪拜一家国际服务公司）2008-11-11 237GTG Gas Turbine Generator燃气透平发电机2008-12-3238GVF Gas Volume Fraction (multiphaseflows)含气率（多相流）2009-6-9239GWH Gigawatt Hour十亿瓦特时，千兆瓦时2008-12-24 240HAZID Hazard Identification Study危险识别研究2008-11-3 241HAZOP Hazard & Operability Study危险和可操作性研究2008-11-3 242HCIIP Hydrocarbon Initially In Place烃原始储量2009-3-25 243HDD Horizontal Directionl Drilling水平定向钻2009-3-25 244HDPE High-Density Polyethylene高密度聚乙烯2008-11-26 245HDS hydrogenation-desulfurization加氢脱硫2010-2-8 246HIC Hydrogen Induced Cracking氢诱导裂纹2009-2-22247HIPPS High Integrity Pressure ProtectionSystem高度集成压力保护系统2008-10-30 248HIS Hightech Information System高技术信息技术2008-12-3 249HK1Holds Confirmed, 1 seat1座位确定2010-6-9 250HLV Heavy Lift Vessel重吊船2008-11-3 251HMI Human Machine Interface人机界面2008-11-2 252H.O Heavy Oil重油2010-2-8 253HP Horse power (HP)马力2008-11-17 254HP High Pressure高压2008-11-3 255HPU Hydraulic Power Unit液压动力装置2009-4-24 256HRWP High rate water pack高水通量封隔器2008-11-17 257HSE Health,Safety & Environment健康，安全和环境2008-11-3258HSE-MS Health,Safety & EnvironmentManagement System 健康，安全和环境管理体系2009-4-24259HTL Heavy oil to Light oil重油转化为轻油2010-9-28 260HUC Hook-up and Commissioning海上连接与调试2008-11-2 261HU&C Hook-up and Commissioning海上连接与调试2008-11-2 262HV High-Votage高（电）压2008-12-3263HVAC Heating, Ventilation and AirConditioning 暖通和空调2008-11-3264HWCS Hydraulic Wellhead Control System液压井口控制系统2008-11-3 265HWDP High wall drill pipe (HWDP)加重钻杆2008-11-17 266IA Instrument Air仪表风，仪表空气2008-11-3 267IADC International association drillingcontractor国际钻井承包商2010-1-18268IACS International Association ofClassification Societies国际船级社协会2009-3-25269ICC Integrated Construction andCompletion 综合建设和完工2011-6-14270ICS Integrated Control System集成控制系统2008-11-3 271ICSID THE INTERNATIONAL CENTERFOR THE SETTLEMENT OFINVESTMENT DISPUTES解决国际投资争端中心2009-4-29272IDP Incremental Development Plan增产方案2009-4-14 273IDS Intrusion Detection System入侵检测系统2009-12-23 274IEA International Engery Agency国际能源署2009-12-24275IEEE Institute of Electrical & ElectronicsEngineers 电力与电子工程师研究会2009-3-27276IFC International Finance Corporation国际金融公司2009-3-25277IGCC Integrated Gasification CombinedCycle 整体气化联合循环（工艺）2010-2-8278ILT Internal Lifting Tools内部吊装工具2008-11-4 279IMF International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织2008-12-26280IMO International Maritime Organization国际海洋组织2009-3-27 281IMS Information Management System信息管理系统2009-12-22INVIAS Instituto Nacional de Vias(NationalInstitute of vias)国家道路研究院（哥伦比亚）2011-8-3282IP INDUSTRIAL PLANT工业规模装置2010//9/29 283IPP Investment Protection Program投资保护计划2008-12-24 284IPT Integrated Project Team一体化项目组2008-12-23 285IOGP Integrated Oil &Gas Project综合油气项目2009-3-25 286I/O Input / Output输入/输出2008-11-3 287I.O Immigration Officer移民局官员2009-2-23 288IOR Improved Oil Recovery提高原油采收率2009-12-23 289IPT Integrated Project Team综合项目组2009-3-25 290IR Infrared Radiation红外2008-11-11 291IRR Internal Rate of Return内部收益率2009-2-22 292ISA Instrumentation Society of America美国仪表协会2009-3-27 293ISMC Instrumentation Society ofMeasurement and Control国际测量和控制协会2009-3-27 294ISO International Standard Organization国际标准化组织2009-3-25 295ITT Invitation To Tender招标邀请函2010-7-25 296JIB Joint Interest Billing共同关注的账单2009-3-25 297JIC Joint Industry Companies联合工业公司2009-3-25 298JOA Joint Operation Agreement联合作业协议2009-6-14 299JOC Joint Operating Committee联合作业管委会2008-12-23 300JOCM Joint Operating Committee Meeting联合作业管委会会议2008-11-25 301JOM Joint Operation Manual联合作业手册2009-4-24 302JSA Job Safety Analysis作业安全分析2008-11-5 303ITC Independent Technical Consultant独立技术顾问2009-3-25 304JV Joint Venture合资2008-12-3 305KEI Kosmos Energy International K osmos能源国际公司2009-6-9 306KEG Kosmos Energy Ghana HC K osmos能源加纳公司2009-6-9 307KHA Kharir Kharir油田名缩写2009-5-20 308KIP Kilopound千磅2008-11-24 309KLH Kantor Lingkungan Hidup (IndonesiaOffice of Environment印尼国家环境办2009-5-7 310KO Knock-Out(drum)清除/排放（罐）2008-11-3 311KOD Knock-Out Drum清除/排放（罐）2009-5-20 312KOP Kick off point起钻点2008-11-17 313KV Kilovolt千伏2009-3-25 314L.A.C.T Lease Automatic Custody Transfer租赁自动交接系统2009-2-27 315LAH Level Alarm High液位高报警2009-5-20316LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide最低天文潮位2008-10-29 317LCA Life-Cycle Analysis生命周期分析2011-5-29 318LD's Liquidated Damages违约赔偿金2009-3-25 319LER Local Equipment Room现场设备间2008-11-3 320LLI Liquid Level Indicator液面指示器2008-11-12 321LLI Long Lead Item长周期供货项目2008-11-12 322LLL Low Liquid Level低液位2009-5-20 323LMO国内市场义务2009-6-14 324LNG Liquefied Nature Gas液化天然气2009-2-22 325LOA Length Overall总长度, 全长2008-10-28 326LOA Letter of Award授标函2008-11-12 327LOI Letter of Intent意向书2009-2-6 328LOPA Layers of Protection Analysis保护层分析2009-3-25 329LP Low Pressure低压2008-11-3 330LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气2009-2-22 331LQ Living Quarter生活区，生活舱2008-10-29 332LRS Lloyd's Register of Shipping劳氏船级社2009-3-25 333LRT Lenders Reliability Test贷款可靠性试验2009-3-25334LS Lump Sum一揽子（报价、费用等)2009-3-25335LSTK Lump Sum Turn Key一揽子交钥匙报价2009-3-25 LTI Lost Time Injury损工时伤害2011.9.11 336LTIF Lost Time Injury Frequency损失工作日事故频率2008-11-12 337LTMOBMLow Toxicity Mineral Oil Base Mud低毒矿物油基泥浆2009-1-21 338LWD Logging while drilling (LWD)随钻测井2008-11-17339MAOP Maximum Allowable OperatingPressure 最大允许操作压力2008-11-2340MCC Motor Control Center电机控制中心2008-11-3 341MCS Master Control Station主控室2008-11-2 342MCT Multi Cable Transit多根电缆组合穿线槽口2008-11-3 343MD Measured Depth测深2008-11-17 344MD Mud Density泥浆密度2010-1-18 345MDG Millennium Development Goals千年发展目标2008-12-26 346MDT Modular formation Dynamics Tester模块化（底层）动态测试仪2009-1-20347MEA Monoethanolamine单乙醇胺2009-12-11 348MEG Mono Ethylene Glycol一乙基乙二醇（乙二醇）2008-11-3349MER Maximum Efficient Rate最适产量，最大有效产量2009-1-20 350MFD Material Flow Diagram物流图，材料流程图2008-11-3 351MLA Multilateral Agencies多边机构2009-3-25 352MMscf Million stand cubic feet百万立方英尺2008-11-3353MMscfd Million stand cubic feet per day百万立方英尺每天2008-11-2 354MPFM Multi-Phase Flow Meter多相流量计2008-11-11 355MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit可移动海上钻机2008-11-24 356MOM Minutes of Meeting会议纪要2008-11-3 357MOM Ministry of Oil and Minerals for theRepublic of Yemen.也门石油和矿产部2009-7-27358MOMS Marine Operations ManagementSystem 海洋操作管理体系2009-4-24359MOU Memorandum Of Understanding谅解备忘录2009-3-25 360MPMS Manual of Petroleum MeasurementStandards(API)石油计量标准手册2009-12-9 361MPPS Multi Phase Pump Station多相混输泵站2009-3-25 362MWD Measurements while drilling (MWD)随钻测试2008-11-17 363MWL Mean Water Level平均海平面2008-10-28 364MWP Minimum Work Programme最低工作方案2009-4-29 365MWS Marine Warranty Surveyor海事保险勘查人员2008-11-3 366MS Mass Spectrometry质谱2009-1-20 367MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet材料安全和数据表单2009-4-24 368MSL Mean Sea Level平均海平面2008-11-2369MSS Manufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings Industry 阀门和管件制造商标准化协会2009-3-27370MTO Material Take Off采购料表2008-11-2 371MTU Master Telemetering Unit主遥测装置2009-3-25 372MW Megawatt兆瓦2009-3-25373NAAQS National Ambient Air QualityStandards 国家环境空气质量标准2009-3-25374NACE National Association of CorrosionEngineers美国腐蚀工程师协会2008-11-2 375NAGD Naphtha Assisted Gravity Drainage石脑油辅助重力泄油2010-2-8 376NB Normal Bore公称口径2008-10-29 377N.B.[拉]nota bene注意, 留心2008-12-23378NBBI National Board of Boiler and PressureVessel Inspectors 国家锅炉压力容器督察局2009-3-27379NDT Non-Destructive Test无损检测2009-3-25 380NEC National Electrical Code国家电力规范2009-3-27 381NEC National Electric Code国家电子规范2009-3-27 382NED National Economic Development国家经济部2008-12-24 383NEMA National Electrical ManufacturersAssociation国家电力制造商协会2009-3-27384NEPAD New Partnership for Africa'sDevelopment 新的促进非洲发展伙伴关系2008-12-26385NFPA National Fire Protection Association国家防火协会2009-3-27 386NGL Natural Gas Liquid天然气凝液2009-3-25387NGR Net to Gross Ratio净毛比2009-2-22 388NKK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai日本海事协会2009-3-25 389NLL Normal Liquid Level通常液位2009-5-20390NOPSA National Offshore Petroleum SafetyAuthority (Australia)全国海洋石油安全局（澳大利亚）2009-4-24391NOR Notice Of Readiness准备就绪通知2009-4-24 392NPV Net Present Value净现值2009-2-22 393NTG Net to Gross Ratio净毛比2009-2-22 394NTR Nothing To Report无事可报2008-11-25 395NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit比浊法浊度单位2009-6-24 396OA Offtake Agreement转输协议2009-3-25 397O&M Operation and Maintenance操作和维护2009-3-25 398OBD Over Balanced Drilling过平衡钻井2009-7-28 399OBM Oil Based Muds油基泥浆2009-1-20 400OCIMF Oil Companies International MarineForum石油公司国际海运论坛2009-4-24 401OD Outside Diameter外径2008-11-2402OGP International Association of Oil & GasProducers 国际石油天然气生产者协会2008-12-23403OIM Offshore Installation Manager海上安装经理2009-4-24 404OOIP Original Oil In Place原始地质储量2008-12-10 405OPEX Operating Expenses操作费用，运营成本2008-10-29 406OSD Original Structure Damage原始结构损伤2008-11-4 407OSHA Occupational Safety & HealthAdministration职业安全及健康管理2009-3-25408OSPARConvention Oslo/Paris convention奥斯陆/巴黎协定（北大西洋海上环境保护协定）2009-12-9409OSV Offshore Supply Vessel(with anchorhandling capabilities)海上供应船（带抛锚能力）2009-4-24410OTSG Once Through Steam Generator直通式蒸汽发生器2010-2-3 411OWC Oil Water Contact油水界面2008-12-10 412PA Public Alarm System公共警报（广播）系统2009-12-22 413PABX Private Automatic Branch EXchange专用自动交换分机（通信）2009-12-23 414PBTD Plug back total depth (PBTD)全井封堵2008-11-17 415PCS Process Control Syetem工艺控制系统2008-11-2 416PDCA Plan-Do-Check-Act.计划执行检查纠偏循环系统2008-12-10 417PDD Project Design Documents项目设计文件2009-6-1 418PDVSA Petroleos De Venezuela, SA委内瑞拉国家石油公司2010-2-5 419PEC Public Electricity Corporation公共电力公司（也门）2008-12-3420PEP Project Execution Plan项目执行计划2009-3-25石油勘探开发局2008-11-12 421PEPA Petroleum Exploration and ProductionAuthority422PES Project Engineering Service项目工程设计服务2009-4-14 423P & ID Piping and Instrument Diagram配管和仪表简图2008-11-2 424P & ID Processing and Instrument Diagram工艺自控流程图2008-11-2 425PF Procurement & Fabrication采办和建造426PFD Process Flow Diagram工艺流程图2008-11-2 427PG Power Generation发电2008-12-3 428PGS Productivity Gain Sharing生产收益分享2009-6-24 429PHPU Production Hydraulic Power Unit生产液压装置2008-11-2 430PI Productivity Index生产指数2009-2-22 431PJ Peta-Joule (10^15 Joules)热量单位2009-3-24 432PL Procurement & Logistics采办与物流2008-11-25 433PLC Programmable Logic Controller可编程逻辑控制器2008-11-2 434PLEM Pipe Line End Manifold管线端点管汇2008-10-28 435PLET Pipe Line End Teiminal管线端点节点2008-12-23 436PMC Project Management Consultancy项目管理咨询2009-3-19 437PMS Project Management Systen项目管理体系2009-1-6 438PMT Project Management Team项目管理组（团队）2009-3-26 439PO Puchase Order订单2008-11-11 440POD Plan of Development开发方案2009-3-26 441PPE Personal Protective Equipment个人防护装备2009-4-24 442ppf ponds per feet磅/英尺2008-11-2 443ppg ponds per gallon磅/加仑2008-11-17 444ppmv parts per million volume百万分之体积浓度2008-11-2 445PR Purchase Request订货要求2008-11-25 446PSA Production Sharing Agreement产品（量）分成合同2008-11-12 447PSA Pressure Swing Absorption变压吸附2009-12-9 448psia Pounds per Square Inch Absolute磅/平方英寸（绝)2009-3-26 449PSD Process Shutdown工艺系统关闭2009-4-24 450PSV Pressure Safety Valve压力安全阀2008-11-3 451PT Pipeline Terminal管道终端2009-4-14 452PTB Pounds per Thousand Barrels磅/千桶2009-5-20 453PTR Project Technical Review项目技术审核2008-11-11 454PV Plastic Viscosity塑性粘度2009-12-30 455PVG上海浦东国际机场代码2010-6-9 456PVT Pressure,Volume, Temperture压力，体积，温度2009-5-20 457QA Quality Assurance质量保证2009-3-26 458QC Quality Control质量控制2009-3-26 459QC/DC Quick Connect/Disconnect快速连接和解脱2009-4-24460QEIT Qualified Extractive IndustryTaxpayers 获得资格的采掘业纳税人2009-4-29461QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment定量风险评估2008-11-3462RAM Reliability, Availability, &Maintainability 可靠性，可用性，及可维修性2009-3-26463RDC Rotating Disc Contactor (Column)旋转碟片反应器（塔）2010-9-29 464RFCC Residue Fluid Catalytic cracker渣油流体催化裂化2010-9-29 RFID Radio Frequency Identification无线射频识别（技术）2011.9.11 465RFO Ready For Operation操作准备就绪2009-3-26 466RFQ Request For Quotation报价请求2008-11-3 467RFSU Ready For Start-Up具备投产条件2008-11-11 468RISC Resource Investment StrategyConsultants资源投资策略顾问公司2008-12-1 469RKB Rotation kelly bushing凯里旋转套管2008-11-17 470ROI Return On Investment投资回报率2009-4-8 471ROP Rate of Penetration机械钻速2010-1-18 472ROV Remotely-Operated（Submersible)Vehicle远程操纵潜水器2008-10-28 473ROW Right of Way正确道路2009-3-26 474RSDS Rotary Steerable Drilling System旋转导向钻井系统2009-6-23 475RSS Rotary Steerable System旋转导向系统2009-6-23 476RSVP Reply,if you please请回复2008-11-6 477RTD Resistance Temperature Detector电阻温度检测器2008-11-3 478RTE Real Time Execution实时执行2008-11-17 479RTP Rapid Thermal Processing快速热加工工艺2010-9-28 480RTU Remote Telemetry Unit现场测控远传终端2008-11-3 481RVP Reid Vapour Pressure雷氏蒸气压2008-11-11 482SAE Society of Automotive Engineers汽车工程师协会2009-3-26 483SAR Safety Analysis Report安全分析报告2009-6-24 484SAT Site Acceptance Test现场可接受性测试2008-11-3485SARA Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, andAsphaltenes (petroleum analysis)饱和，芳烃，树脂，沥青质（石油分析）2009-1-20486SAGD Steam Assisted Gravity DrainageProcess蒸汽辅助重力泄油工艺2009-1-4 487SAHBV South Atlantic Holding BV那大西洋公司2011-6-14 488SAS/EL Safety and Automation System andElectrical system安全自控和电力系统2011-5-16 489SBM Single Buoy Mooring单浮标系泊2009-3-26 490SBOGL Statoil Brasil Óleo e Gás Ltda挪威国家石油公司巴西油气有限公司2011-5-16 491SBT Segregated Ballast Tank隔离压载舱2009-4-24492SCADA Supervisory Control and DataAcquisition监控和数据采集系统2008-11-2 493SCAL Special Core Analyses特殊岩心分析2009-1-20 494SCD Sustainable Community Development可持续社区发展2009-3-26 495scfm standard cubic feet per minute标准立方英尺/分2009-3-26 496SCM Subsea Control Module水下控制模块2008-11-2 497SCS Subsea Control System水下控制系统2008-11-2 498SCO Synthetic Crude Oil合成原油2010-9-28499SCSSV Surface Control Safety ShutdownValve 地面控制安全关断阀2008-11-2500 SDA Solvent deasphalting溶剂脱沥青工艺2010-9-29 501SDU Subsea Distribution Unit水下分配装置2008-12-23 502SDV Shutdown Valve关断阀2008-11-2 503SEC Scurities and Exchange Commission美国证券交易委员会2009-1-4 504SGIIP Solution Gas Initially In Place溶解气原始储量2009-3-26 505SGS Safe Guarding System安保系统2008-11-2 506SGS Sequential Gaussion Simulation顺序高斯模拟2009-2-22 507SIF Serious Incident Frequency严重事件频次2011-5-9 508SIS Sequential Indicator Simulation顺序指示剂模拟2009-2-22 509SIL Safety Integrity Level安全完整性水平，安全证和等级2008-11-2 510SIT Site Integration Test现场集成测试2009-3-26 511SIMOPS Simulation Operations模拟操作2009-5-11 512SITP Shut-In Tubing Pressure关井油压2008-11-2 513SLD Single Line Diagram（电气）单线图2008-11-3 514SMEL Subtec Middle East Limited S ubtec中东有限公司2008-11-11 515SMLS Seamless无缝钢管2008-11-26 516SMS Safety Management System安全管理体系2009-4-24 517SMTS Specified Minimun Tensile Strength要求的最小拉伸强度2008-11-2 518SMYS Specified Minimun Yield Strength要求的最小屈服强度2008-11-2 519SO Service Order服务订单2009-6-24 520SOLAS International Convention for the Safetyof Life At Sea海上人命安全国际公约2009-4-24521SOPEP Shipboard Oil Pollution EmergencyProgram船上油污应急计划2009-4-24 522SOR Statement Of Requirement要求声明2009-5-20 523SOR steam oil ratio汽油比2010-9-29 524SOW Statement Of Work工作说明书2008-11-11 525S&P Standard & Poor's标准普尔2008-12-24526SPAR Seagoing Platform for AcousticResearch 声学研究用海上移动平台2008-11-23527SPBL Sinochem Petróleo Brasil Ltda’s中化石油巴西有限公司2011-5-16 528SPC Syria petroleum company叙利亚石油公司2010-6-7529SPDC Shell Petroleum DevelopmentCompany 壳牌石油开发公司2008-12-24530SPL Sinochem Petroleum Limited.中化石油有限公司2009-6-15 531SPM Single Point Mooring单点系泊2009-1-24 532SPS Subsea Power Supply水下电力供应2008-11-2 533SPS Surface Pumping System地面泵系统（一种地面安装的多级离心泵，常用于井场注水）2008-11-25534SPS Safety Pump System安全泵输系统2008-11-25 535SPS Subsea Production System海底生产系统2009-2-6 536SQ Site Queries现场疑问2008-11-3 537SRB Sulphate Reducing Bacteria硫酸盐还原菌2008-12-3 538SRU Sulfate reduction unit硫酸盐还原装置2009-2-22 539SSB Single Side Band单面带2009-4-24 540SSCC Sulphur Stress Corrosion Cracking硫应力腐蚀裂纹2009-2-22 541SSD Sliding side door = Sliding sleeve滑套2008-11-17 542SSIP Self Stable Integrated Platform自我稳定的式集成平台2008-12-23 543SSIV Subsea Isolation Valve水下隔离阀2008-10-29 544SSPC Steel Structures Painting Council钢结构油漆理事会2009-3-27 545SSR Salt Sulphur Removal脱硫脱盐（装置）2011-6-14 546SSSV Sub-surface Safety Valve井下安全阀2008-11-2 547SSWI Ship Specific Work Instruction船舶具体工作指南2009-4-24 548STOIIP Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place原始地质储量（地面脱气原油）2009-3-26549STOOIP Stock Tank Oil Originally in Place原始地质储量（地面脱气原油）2009-1-21550STP Submerged Turret Production水下转塔生产（系统）2011-6-14551SURF Subsea Umbilicals, Risers andFlowlines 水下脐带管立管和海管2008-12-25552SV Supply Vessel(no anchor handlingcapabilities)供应船（无抛锚能力）2009-4-24 553SVP Senior Vice President高级副总裁2009-6-9 554SWD Seismic while drilling随钻地震2008-11-17 555SWL Safe Working Load安全工作载荷2009-4-24 556TAN Total Acid Number总酸值2010-2-8 557TBA To Be Approved需要批准2008-12-23 558TBA To Be Arranged需要安排2008-12-23 559TBC To be Confirmed需要确认2008-11-2 560TBG Tubing油管2008-11-17 561TBT Technical Bid Tabulation (engineering)技术评标表2009-6-21 562TCF Trillion Cubic Feet万亿立方英尺2009-3-24 563TCM Technical Committee Meeting技术委员会会议2009-6-14 564TCMS Tripod Catenary Mooring andOffloading System三悬锚链和过驳系统2008-11-11。

ESSENCE OF PMBOK & PMP EXAM 考试串讲教材))PMBOK及PMP考试精要考试精要((考试串讲教材PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS项目管理知识体系 (2)项目生命周期及过程组 (10)PROJECT LIFE CYCLE / PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESS GROUPSSCOPE范围管理 (10)HUMAN RESOURCE人力资源管理 (11)COMMUNICATIONS沟通管理 (14)TIME时间管理 (16)COST成本管理 (17)RISK风险管理 (20)QUALITY质量管理 (22)PROCUREMENT采购管理 (22)INTEGRATION整体管理 (19)PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES职业道德 (19)POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTIONS考点 (20)1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS项目管理知识体系Knowledge Areas知识体系Primary Inputs输入Tools & Techniques工具及技术Primary Outputs输出INTEGRATION整体整体制定项目章程 Develop Project Charter 1.合同(如果适用) Contract(When applicable) 2.项目工作说明书 Project statement of work 3.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors  4.组织过程资产组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 1.项目选择方法 Project selection methods  2.项目管理方法论项目管理方法论 Project management methodology  3.项目管理信息系统项目管理信息系统 Project management information system  4.专家判断专家判断 Expert judgment 1.项目章程 Project charter 制定项目初步范围说明书制定项目初步范围说明书 1.项目章程 Project charter 2.项目工作说明书 Project statement of work 3.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 4.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 1.项目管理方法系 Project management methodology 2.项目管理信息系统 Project management information system 3.专家判断 Expert judgment 1.项目初步范围说明书项目初步范围说明书Preliminary project scope statement 制定项目管理计划制定项目管理计划 Develop Project management Plan 1.项目初步范围说明书 Preliminary project scope statement 2.项目管理各过程 Project management processes 3.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 4.组织过程生产 Organizational process assets 1.项目管理方法系 Project management methodology 2.项目管理信息系统 Project management information system 3.专家判断 Expert judgment 1.项目管理计划 Progece management plan 指导与管理项目执行 Direct and Manage Project Execution 1.项目管理计划 Progece management plan 2.批准的纠正措施 Approved corrective actions 3.批准的预防措施 Approved preventive actions 4.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 5.批准的缺陷补救 Approved defect repair 6.确认的缺陷补救 Validated defect repair 7.行政收尾程序 Administrative closure procedure 1.项目管理方法系 Project management methodology 2.项目管理信息系统 Project management information system 1.可交付成果 Deliverables 2.请求的变更 Requested changes 3.实施的变更请求 Implementde change requests 4.实施的纠正措施 Implementde corrective actions 5.实施的预防措施 Implementde preventive actions 6.实施的缺陷补救 Implementde defect repair 7.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 监控项目工作 Monitor and Control Project Work 1.项目管理计划 Progece management plan 2. 工作绩效信息 Work performance information  3.否决的变更请求否决的变更请求 Rejected change requests 1.项目管理方法系 Project management methodology 2.项目管理信息系统 Project management information system  3.实现价值技术实现价值技术 Eamed value technique(EVT) 4.专家判断 Expert judgment 1.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action  2.推荐的预防措施推荐的预防措施推荐的预防措施Recommended preventive action  3.预测预测 Forecasts 4.推荐的缺陷补救推荐的缺陷补救Recommended defect repair 5.请求的变更 Requested changes 整体变更控制 Integrated Change Control 1.项目管理计划项目管理计划 Progece management plan  2.请求的变更请求的变更 Requested changes  3.工作绩效信息工作绩效信息 Work performance information 4.推荐的纠正措施 Recommended corrective action  5.推荐的预防措施推荐的预防措施 Recommended preventive action  6.推荐的缺陷补救推荐的缺陷补救 Recommended defect repair  7.可交付成果可交付成果 Deliverables 1.项目管理方法系 Project management methodology 2.项目管理信息系统 Project management information system  3.专家判断专家判断 Expert judgment 1.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 2.否决的变更请求 Rejected change requests 3.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) 4.项目范围说明书(更新) Project scope statement(updates) 5.批准的纠正措施 Approved corrective actions 6.批准的预防措施 Approved preventive actions 7.批准的缺陷补救 Approved defect repair 8.确认的缺陷补救 Validated defect repair 9.可交付成果 Deliverables 项目收尾 Close Project 1.项目管理计划 Progece management plan 2.合同文件 Contract documentation 3.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors  4.组织过程资产组织过程资产 Organizational process assets  5.工作绩效信息工作绩效信息 Work performance 1.项目管理方法系 Project management methodology 2.项目管理信息系统 Project management information system  3.专家判断专家判断 Expert judgment 1.行政收尾程序 Administrative closure procedure  2.合同收尾程序合同收尾程序 Contract closure procedure  3.最终产品最终产品,服务或成果 Final product,service or result  4.组织过程资产组织过程资产(更新) 2 information 6.可交付成果 Deliverables Organizational process assets(updates) SCOPE范围范围规划范围规划 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors  2.组织过程资产组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 3.项目章程 Project charter 4.项目初步范围说明书 Preliminary project scope statement 5.项目管理计划 Project management plan 1.专家判断 Expert judgment  2.样板样板,表格与标准表格与标准Templates,forms,standards 1.项目范围管理计划 Project scope management plan  范围定义范围定义范围定义 1.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 2.项目章程 Project charter 3.项目初步范围说明书 Preliminary project scope statement 4.项目范围管理计划 Project scope management plan 5.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 1.产品分析 Product analysis 2.其他方案识别 Alternatives identification 3.专家判断 Expert judgment 4.利害关系者分析 Stakeholder analysis 1.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 2.请求的变更 Requested changes 3.项目范围管理计划 Project scope management plan 制作工作分解结构 Create WBS 1.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets  2.项目范围说明书项目范围说明书 Project scope statement 3.项目范围管理计划 Project scope management plan 4.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 1.工作分解结构模板 Work breakdown structure templates  2.分解分解 Decomposition 1.项目范围说明书(更新) Project scope statement(updates)_ 2.工作分解结构 Work breakdown structure 3.工作分解结构词汇表 WBS dictionary 4.范围基准 Scope baseline 5.项目范围管理计划(更新) Project scope management plan(updates) 6.请求的变更 Requested changes  Scope Verification范围核实1.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 2.工作分解结构词汇表 WBS dictionary 3.项目范围管理计划 Project scope management plan 4.可交付成果 Deliverables 1.检查 Inspection 1.验收的可交付成果 Accepted deliverables  2.请求的变更请求的变更 Requested changes 3. 推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective actions 范围控制 Scope Control 1.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 2.工作分解结构 Work breakdown structure 3.工作分解结构词汇表 WBS dictionary 4.项目范围管理计划 Project scope management plan 5.绩效报告 Performance reports 6.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 7.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 1.变更控制系统 Change control system  2.偏差分析偏差分析 Variance analysis  3.补充规划补充规划 Replanning  4.配置管理系统配置管理系统 Configuration management system 1.项目范围说明书(更新) Project scope statement(updates) 2.工作分解结构(更新) Work breakdown structure(updates) 3.工作分解结构词汇表(更新) WBS dictionary(updates) 4.范围基准(更新) Scope baseline(updates) 5.请求的变更 Requested changes 6.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 7.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 8.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) TIME进度活动定义 Activity Definition 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 3.项目范围说明书 Project scope statement 4.工作分解结构 Work breakdown structure 5.工作分解结构词汇表 WBS clictionary 6.项目管理计划 Progece management plan 1.分解 Decomposition 2.样板 Templates 3.滚动式规划 Rolling wave planning 4.专家判断 Expert judgment 5.规划组成部分 Planning componet 1.活动清单Activity list 2.活动属性 Activity attributes 3.里程碑清单 Milestone list 4.请求的变更 Requested changes 活动排序 Activity Sequencing 1.项目范围说明书项目范围说明书 Project scope statament  2.活动清单活动清单 Activity list  3.活动属性活动属性 Activity attributes  4.里程碑清单里程碑清单 Milestons list 1.紧前关系绘图法(PDM) Precedence Diagramming Method(PDM)  2.箭线绘图法箭线绘图法(ADM) Arrow Diagramming Method(ADM) 1.项目进度网络图 Project schedule network diagrams  2.活动清单活动清单(更新) Activity list (updates) 3  5.批准的变更请求批准的变更请求 Approved change requesta 3.进度网络样板进度网络样板 Schedule network tempiates  4.确定依赖关系确定依赖关系 Dependency determination  5.利用时间提前量与滞后量利用时间提前量与滞后量 Applying leads and lags  3.活动属性活动属性(更新) Activity attributes(updates)  4.请求的变更请求的变更 Requesaed changes 活动资源估算Activity Resource Estimating 1.事业环境因素Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 3.活动清单Activity list 4.活动属性Activity attributes 5.资源可利用情况 Resouce availability 6.项目管理计划Project management l 1.专家判断 Expert judgment 2.多方案分析 Alternatives analysis 3.出版的估算数据 Published estimating data 4.项目管理软件 Project management sortware 5.自上而下的估算 Bottom estimating 1.活动资源要求 Activity resource requirements 2.活动属性(更新) Activity attributes(updates) 3.资源分解结构 Resource breakdown structure 4.资源日历(更新)Resource calendars 5.请求的变更 Requested changes 活动持续时间估算Activity Duration Estimating 1.事业环境因素Enterprise environmental factors  2.组织过程资产组织过程资产Organizational process assets  3.项目范围说明书项目范围说明书 Project scops statement  4.活动清单活动清单 Activity list  5.活动属性活动属性 Activity attributes  6.活动资源要求活动资源要求 Activity resource requirements  7.资源日历资源日历 Resource calendars  8.项目管理计划项目管理计划 Project management plan  ●风险登记册●风险登记册 Risk register  ●活动费用估算●活动费用估算 Activity cost estimates 1.专家判断 Expert judgment 2.类比估算 Analogous estimating 3.参数估算 Parametric estimating 4.三点估算 Three-point estimates 5.后备分析 Reserve analysis 1.活动持续时间估算 Activity duration estimates 2.活动属性 Activity attributes(updates) 制定进度表Schedule Development 1.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets  2.项目范围说明书项目范围说明书Project scope statement  3.活动清单活动清单 Activity list  4.活动属性活动属性 Activity attributes  5.项目进度网络图项目进度网络图 Project schedule network diagrams  6.活动资源要求活动资源要求 Activity resource requirements  7.资源日历资源日历 Resource calendars  8.活动持续时间估算活动持续时间估算 Activity duration estimates  9.项目管理计划项目管理计划 Project management plan  ●风险登记册 Risk register  1.进度网络分析 Schedule network analysisi 2.关键路线法 Critical path method 3.进度压缩 Schsdule compression 4.假设情景分析What-if scenario analysis 5.资源平衡 Resource leveling 6.关键链法 Critical chain method 7.项目管理软件 Project management software 8.应用日历 Applying calendars 9.调整时间提前滞后量 Adjusting leads and lags 10.进度模型 Schedule model  1.项目进度表项目进度表 Project schedule  2.进度模型数据进度模型数据 Schedule model data  3.进度基准进度基准 Schedule baseline  4.资源要求资源要求 Resource requirements(updates)  5.活动属性活动属性(更新) Activity attributes(updates)  6.项目日历项目日历(更新)Project calendar  7.请求的变更请求的变更 Requesaed changes  8.项目管理计划项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates)  ●进度管理计划(更新) Schedule management plan(updates) 进度控制 Schedule Control 1.进度管理计划 schedule management plan  2.进度基准进度基准 Schedule baseline  3.绩效报告绩效报告 Performance reports  4.批准的变更要求批准的变更要求 Approved change requests 1.进度报告进度报告 Progress reporting  2.进度变更控制系统进度变更控制系统 Schedule change control system  3.绩效衡量绩效衡量 Performance measurement  4.项目管理软件项目管理软件 Project management software  5.偏差分析偏差分析 Variance analysisi  6.进度比较横道图进度比较横道图 Schedule comparison bar chars 1. 进度模型数据(更新) Schedule model data(updates) 2. 进度基准(更新) Schedule baseline(updates) 3. 绩效衡量 Performance measurements 4. 请求的变更 Requesaed changes 5.推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 6.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 7.活动清单(更新) Activity list(updates) 8.活动属性(更新) Activity attributes(updates) 9.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) COST费用费用估算Cost Estimating 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors  2.组织过程资产组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 3.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 4. 工作分解结构 Work breakdown structure 1.类比估算 Analogous estimating 2.确定资源费率 Determine resource cost rates 3.自上而下估算 Bottom-up estimating 4.参数估算 Parametric estimating 5.项目管理软件 Project management 1.活动费用估算 Activity cost estimates  2.活动费用估算支持细节活动费用估算支持细节 Activity cost estimate supporting detall  3.请求的变更请求的变更 Requested 4 5 5.工作分解结构词汇表 WBS dictionary 6.项目管理计划 Progece management plan  ●进度管理计划●进度管理计划 Schedule management plan ●人员配备管理计划Staffing management plan ●风险登记册 Risk registor software 6.供货商投标分析 Vendor bid analysis 7.准备金分析 Reserve analysis 8.质量成本 Cost of quality changes 4.费用管理计划(更新) Cost management plan(updates) 费用预算 Cost Budgeting 1.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 2.工作分解结构工作分解结构 Work breakdown structure 3.工作分解结构词汇表工作分解结构词汇表 WBS dictionary 4.活动费用估算活动费用估算 Activity cost estimates 5.活动费用估算支持细节活动费用估算支持细节 Activity cost estimate supporting detall 6.项目进度项目进度 Project schedule 7.资源日历资源日历 Resource calendars 8.合同合同 Contract 9.费用管理计划费用管理计划 Cost management plan  1.费用汇总费用汇总 Cost aggregation 2.储备基金分析储备基金分析 Reserve analysis  3.参数估算参数估算 Parametric esrimating  4.资金限制平衡资金限制平衡 Funding limit reconciliation 1.费用基准 Cost baseline 2.项目资金要求 Project funding requirements 3.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) 4.请求的变更 Requested changes 费用控制Cost Control 1.费用基准 Cost baseline 2.项目资金要求项目资金要求 Project funding requirements 3.绩效报告绩效报告 Performance reports 4.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 5.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 6.项目管理计划 Project management plan 1.费用变更控制系统 Cost change control system 2.绩效衡量分析绩效衡量分析 Performance measurements analysis 3.预测预测 Forecasting 4.项目绩效审核项目绩效审核 Project performance reviews 5.项目管理软件 Project management software 6.偏差管理 Variance management 1.费用估算(更新) Cost estimates(update) 2.费用基准(更新) Cost baseline(update) 3.绩效衡量绩效衡量 Performance measurements 4.预测完工预测完工 5.请求的变更请求的变更 Requested changes 6.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 7.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 8.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) RISK 风险风险管理规划 Risk Management Planning 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程资产组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 3.项目范围说明书 Project scope statement 4.项目管理计划 Progece management plan 1.规则会议和分析 Planning meeting and analysis 1.风险管理计划 Risk Management Plan 风险识别Risk Identification 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程生产组织过程生产 Organizational process assets 3.项目范围说明书 Project scope statement 4. 风险管理计划 Risk Management Plan 5. 项目管理计划 Project management plan  1.文件审查文件审查 Documentation reviews 2.信息搜索技术信息搜索技术 Information gathering techniques 3.核对表分析核对表分析 Checklist analysis 4.假设分析假设分析 Assumptions analysis 5.图解技术图解技术 Diagiamming techniques 1.风险登记册 Risk register Qualitative Risk Analysisi 风险定性分析风险定性分析1.组织过程生产 Organizational process assets 2.项目范围说明书 Project scope statement 3. 风险管理计划 Risk Management Plan 4. 风险登记册 Risk register 1.风险概率与影响评估 Risk probability and impact assessment 2.概率和影响矩阵概率和影响矩阵 Probablity and impact matrix 3.风险数据质量评估风险数据质量评估 Risk data quality assessment 4.风险分类风险分类 Risk categorization 5.风险紧迫性评估风险紧迫性评估 Risk urgency assessment 1.风险登记册(更新) Risk register(updates) 定量风险分析 Quantitative Risk Analysis 1.组织过程生产 Organizational process assets 2.项目范围说明书 Project scope statement 3. 风险管理计划 Risk Management Plan 4. 风险登记册 Risk register 5. 项目管理计划 Project management plan ●项目进度管理计划 Project schedule management plan ●项目费用管理计划 Project cost management plan 1.数据收集和表示技术 Data gathering and representation techniques 2.定量风险分析和模型技术 Quantitative risk analysis and modeling techniques 1.风险登记册(更新) Risk register(updates) 风险应对规划 Risk Response Planning 1.风险管理计划 Risk Management Plan 2.风险登记册 Risk register 1.消极风险或威胁的应对策略 Strategies for negative risk or threats 2.积极风险或机会的应对策略积极风险或机会的应对策略 Strategies for 1.风险登记册(更新) Risk register(updates) 2.项目管理计划(更新) Project positive risk or opportunities  3.威胁或机会的应对策略威胁或机会的应对策略 Strategies for both threats and opprtunities  4.应急应对策略应急应对策略 Contingent response strategy management plan(updates)  3.与风险有关的合同协议与风险有关的合同协议 Risk-related contractual agreements 风险监控 Risk Monitoring and Control 1.风险管理计划 Risk Management Plan 2.风险登记册 Risk register 3.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 4.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 5.绩效报告 Performance reports 1.风险再评估 Risk reassessment  2.风险审计风险审计 Risk audits  3.变差和趋势分析变差和趋势分析 Variance and trend analysis  4.技术绩效分析技术绩效分析 Technical performance measurement  5.储备金分析储备金分析Reserve analysis  6.状态审查会状态审查会 Status meetings 1.风险登记册(更新) Risk register(updates) 2.请求的变更 Requested changes 3.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 4.推荐的预防措施推荐的预防措施Recommended preventive action 5.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 6.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) QUALITY质量质量规划 Quality Planning 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 3.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 4.项目管理计划 Progece management plan 1.成本效益分析成本效益分析 Cost-benefit analysis  2.基准对照基准对照 Benchmarking  3.试验设计试验设计 Design of experiments  5.质量成本质量成本(COQ) Cost of quality (COQ)  6.其他质量规划工具其他质量规划工具 Additional quality planning tools  1.质量管理计划质量管理计划 Quality management plan  2.质量测量指标质量测量指标 Quality metrics  3.质量核对表质量核对表 Quality checklists  4.过程改进计划过程改进计划 Process improvement plan  5.质量基准质量基准 Quality baseline  6.项目管理计划项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) 实施质量保证Perform Quality Assurance 1.质量管理计划质量管理计划 Quality management plan  2.质量测量指标质量测量指标 Quality metrics  3.过程改进计划过程改进计划 Process improvement plan 4.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 5.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 6.质量控制衡量 Quality control measurnments 7.实施的变更请求 Implementde change requests 8.实施的纠正措施 Implementde corrective actions 9.实施的缺陷补救 Implementde defect repair 10.实施的预防措施 Implementde preventive actions  1.质量规划工具与技术质量规划工具与技术 Quality planning tools and techniques  2.质量审计质量审计 Quality audits  3.过程分析过程分析 Process analysis  4.质量控制工具与技术质量控制工具与技术 Quality control tools and techniques  1.请求的变更请求的变更 Requested changes  2.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 3.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 4.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) 实施质量监控 Perform Quality Control 1.质量管理计划质量管理计划 Quality management plan  2.质量测量指标质量测量指标 Quality metrics  3.质量核对表质量核对表 Quality checklists  4.组织过程资产组织过程资产 Organizational process assets  5.工作绩效信息工作绩效信息 Work performance information  6.批准的变更请求批准的变更请求 Approved change requests  7.可交付成果可交付成果 Deliverables  1.因果图因果图 Cause and effect diagram  2.控制图控制图 Control charts  3.流程图流程图 Flowcharting  4.直方图直方图 Histogram  5.帕雷托图帕雷托图 Pareto chart  6.趋势图趋势图 Run chart  7.散点图散点图 Scatter diagram  8,统计抽样统计抽样 Statistical sampling  9.检查检查 Inspection  10.缺陷补救审查缺陷补救审查 Defect repair review  1.质量控制衡量质量控制衡量 Quality control measurnments  2.确认的缺陷补救确认的缺陷补救 Validated defect repair  3.质量基准质量基准(更新) Quality baseline(updates)  4.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action  5.推荐的预防措施推荐的预防措施推荐的预防措施Recommended preventive action 6.请求的变更 Requested changes 7.推荐的缺陷补救推荐的缺陷补救Recommended defect repair 8.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 9.确认的可交付成果 Validated deliverables 10.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) HUMAN RESOURCE人力资源人力资源规划人力资源规划 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 1.组织机构图和岗位描述组织机构图和岗位描述 Organization charts and position descriptions  2.交际交际 Networking  3.组织理论组织理论 Organization theory  1.角色与职责角色与职责 roles and responsibilities  2.项目组织图项目组织图 Projece organization chares 6 7 3.项目管理计划 Progece management plan ●活动资源需求 Activity resource requirements  3.人员配备管理计划人员配备管理计划 Staffinf management plan 项目团队组建 Acquire Project Team 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 3.角色与职责 roles and responsibilities 4.项目组织图 Projece organization chares 5.人员配备管理计划 Staffinf management plan 招聘惯例招聘惯例 1.预分派预分派 Pre-assignment 2.谈判谈判 Negotiation 3.招募招募 Acquisition 4.虚拟团队虚拟团队Virtual teams  1.项目人员分派到位项目人员分派到位 Project staff assignments 2.资源可利用情况资源可利用情况 Resource availability 3.人员配备管理计划人员配备管理计划(更新) Staffinf management plan(updates) 项目团队建设 Develop Project Team 1.项目人员分派 Project staff assignments 2.人员配备管理计划人员配备管理计划 Staffinf management plan 3.资源可利用情况 Resource availability  1.通用管理技能通用管理技能 General management skills 2.培训培训 Training 3.团队建设活动团队建设活动 Team-building activities 4.规则规则 Ground rules 5.集中办公集中办公 Co-location 6.奖励与表彰奖励与表彰 Recognition and rewards 1.团队绩效评估 Team performance assessment 项目团队管理 Manage Project Team  1.组织过程资产组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 2.项目人员分派项目人员分派 Project staff assignments 3.角色与职责角色与职责 roles and responsibilities 4.项目组织图项目组织图 Projece organization chares 5.人员配备管理计划 Staffinf management plan 6.团队绩效考核 Team performance assessment 7.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 8.绩效报告 Performance reports  1.观察与交谈观察与交谈 Observation and conversation 2.项目绩效评估项目绩效评估 Project performance appraisals 3.冲突管理冲突管理 Conflict management 4.问题登记薄问题登记薄 Lssue log 1.请求的变更 Requested changes 2.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 3.推荐的预防措施推荐的预防措施Recommended preventive action 4.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 5.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) COMMUNICATIONS 沟通Communications Planning 沟通规划沟通规划1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors 2.组织过程生产组织过程生产 Organizational process assets 3.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 4.项目管理计划 Progece management plan ● 制约因素 Constraints ● 假设 Assumptions  1.沟通需求分析沟通需求分析 Communications requirements analysls 2.沟通技术沟通技术 Communications technology 1.沟通管理计划 Communications management plan Information Distribution 信息发布发布1. 沟通管理计划 Communications management plan 1.沟通技能 Communications skills 2.信息收集和检索系统 Information gathering and retrieval system 3.信息发布系统 Information distribution methods 4.经验教训总结过程 Lessons learned process 1. 组织过程生产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 2. 请求的变更请求的变更 Requested changes Performance Reporting 绩效报告报告1.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 2.绩效衡量 Performance measurements 3.完工预测 Forecasted completion 4.质量控制衡量 Quality control measurnments 5.项目管理计划 Project management plan ●绩效衡量分析 Performance measurements baseline 6.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 7.可交付成果 Deliverables 1.信息演示工具 Information presentation tools 2.绩效信息收集和汇总 Performance information gathering and compilation 3.状态审查会 Status review meetings 4.工时汇报系统Time reporting systems 5.费用汇报系统Cost reporting systems 1.绩效报告 Performance reports 2.预测 Forecasts 3.请求的变更 Requested changes 4.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 5.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 利害关系者管理 Manage Stakeholders 1.沟通管理计划 Communications management plan 2. 组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 1.沟通方法 Communications methods 2.问题登记薄 lssue logs 1.问题得以解决Resolved issues 2.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 3.批准的纠正措施 Approved corrective action 4.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 5.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) PROCUREMENT采购采购规划 Plan Purchases and Acquisitions 1.事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors  2.组织过程生产组织过程生产 Organizational process assets 3.项目范围说明书Project scope statement 4.工作分解结构 Work breakdown structure 5.工作分解结构词汇表 WBS clictionary 6.项目管理计划 Progece management plan  ●风险登记册 Risk register  ●与风险有关的合同协议 Risk-related contractual agreements  ●资源要求 Resource requirements ●项目进度计划 Project schedule ●活动费用估算 Activity cost estimate ●费用基准 Cost baseline  1.自制或外购分析自制或外购分析 Make-or-buy analysls  2.专家判断专家判断 Expert judgment  3.合同类型合同类型 Contract types 1.采购管理计划 Procurement management plan 2.合同工作说明书 Contract statement of work 3.自制或外购决策 Maker-or-buy changes 4.请求的变更 Requested changes 发包规划 Plan Contracting 1.采购管理计划 Procurement management plan 2.合同工作说明书 Contract statement of work  3.自制或外购决策自制或外购决策 Maker-or-buy changes 4.项目管理计划 Project management plan ●风险登记册 Risk register  ●与风险有关的合同协议●与风险有关的合同协议 Risk-related contractual agreements  ●资源要求●资源要求 Resource requirements ●项目进度计划 Project schedule ●活动费用估算 Activity cost estimate ●费用基准 Cost baseline 1.标准表格标准表格 Standard forms  2.专家判断专家判断 Expert Judgment 1.采购文件 Procurement documents 2.评估标准 Evaluation criteria 3.合同工作说明书(更新) Contract statement of work(updates) 询价Request Seller Responses 1.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 2.采购管理计划 Procurement management plan 3.采购文件 Procurement documents  1.招标人会议招标人会议 Bldder conferences  2.刊登广告刊登广告 Advertising  3.制定合格卖方清单制定合格卖方清单 Develop qualifid sellers list 1.合格卖方清单 Qualified sellers list  2.采购文件包采购文件包 Procurement document package  3.建议书建议书 Proposals 卖方选择Select Sellers 1.组织过程资产 Organizational process assets 2.采购管理计划 Procurement management plan 3.评估标准 Evaluation criteria 4.采购文件包 Procurement document package 5.建议书 Proposals 6.合格卖方清单 Qualified sellers list 7.项目管理计划 Project management plan ●风险登记册 Risk register  ●与风险有关的合同协议●与风险有关的合同协议 Risk-related contractual  agreements 1.加权系统加权系统 Weighting system  2.独立估算独立估算 Independent estimates  3.筛选系统筛选系统 Screening system  4.合同谈判合同谈判 negotiation  5.卖方评级系统卖方评级系统 Seller rating systens  6.专家判断专家判断 Expert judgment  7.建议书评估技术建议书评估技术 Proposal evaluation techniques 1.选中的卖方 Selected sellers  2.合同合同 Contract  3.合同管理计划合同管理计划 Contract management plan  4.资源可利用情况资源可利用情况 Resource availability  5.采购管理计划采购管理计划(更新) Procurement management plan(updates)  6.请求的变更请求的变更 Requested changes 合同管理 Contract Administration 1.合同合同 Contract  2.合同管理计划合同管理计划 Contract management plan  3.选中的卖方选中的卖方 Selected sellers 4.绩效报告 Performance reports 5.批准的变更申请 Approved change requests 6.工作绩效信息 Work performance information 1.合同变更控制系统 Contract change control system  2.买方进行的绩效审核买方进行的绩效审核 Buyer-conducted per-formance review  3.检验和审计检验和审计 Inspections and audits  4.绩效报告绩效报告 Performance reporting  5.支付系统支付系统 Payment system  6.索赔管理索赔管理 Claims administration  7.合同档案管理系统合同档案管理系统 Records management system 8.信息技术 Information technology  1.合同文件合同文件 Contract documentation  2.请求的变更请求的变更 Requested changes  3.推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施推荐的纠正措施Recommended corrective action 4.组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 5.项目管理计划(更新) Project management plan(updates) ●采购管理计划 Procurement management plan ●合同管理计划 Contract management plan 合同收尾 Contract Closure 1.采购管理计划 Procurement management plan 2.合同管理计划 Contract management plan 3.合同文件 Contract documentation 4.合同收尾程序 Contract closure procedure  1.采购审计采购审计 Procurement audits  2.合同档案管理系统合同档案管理系统 Records management system 1.合同收尾Contract closures  2.组织过程资产组织过程资产(更新) Organizational process assets(updates) 8 。

3·论坛 / PERSPECTIVE ·科研信息化技术与应用2014, 5(1): 3–15地学研究中的集成建模环境综述张耀南1,2，龙银平1,3，程国栋1，何振芳1,31. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，甘肃 兰州 7300002. 甘肃省高性能网格计算中心，甘肃 兰州 7300003. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049摘 要：关键词：doi: 10.11871/j.issn.1674-9480.2014.01.001Review of Integrated Modeling Environment in Earth ResearchZhang Yaonan 1, 2, Long Yinping 1, 3, Cheng Guodong 1, He Zhenfang 1, 31. Cold and Arid regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China2. Gansu high Performance and Grid Computing Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China Abstract:利用多学科模型从整体上来综合评价、管理环境，已经成为一个趋势。

但由于环境研究的复杂性和跨学科性，以及已有模型的单一性、针对性，需要建立一个能够支持多学科模型构建和集成的建模框架，来支持综合模型集成研究。

自 90 年代初期基于 GIS 技术的模型集成框架首先在水文研究中应用开始，建模框架随后在水文、水资源、生态、土地、污染、气候、经济、社会研究中得到快速发展。

Introduction to the Environmental Management System Mode What is an Environmental Management System (EMS)? An EMS is a system that uses comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented management processes and procedures that allow a school district to identify, analyze, control and reduce the impact of its activities and services on human health and the environment. An EMS provides a systems approach based on the Deming model of “plan, do, check and act”.The model provided in this IPM module is based on the EMS standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the ISO 14001 Standard. Established in 1996, this framework is the official international standard and the most commonly used framework for an EMS. The model was used for industry and businesses.In 2006, as part of a national effort by EPA and a statewide effort by MassDEP, Lynn Rose worked with Madeline Snow of the University of Massachusetts Lowell, PEER Center1 to adapt this model for use by schools and municipalities in Massachusetts. We are using this modified version to guide the design of this IPM Module.1 The PEER Center at UMass is one of several centers across the country funded by the U.S. EPA to assist the implementation of EMSs.What are the Three Key EMS Commitments?What are the basic activities involved in developing and implementing the framework of an EMS?∙analyzing the environmental impacts of a facility’s operations;∙identifying environmental legal and compliance requirements of the facility’s processes, and benchmarking the status of the facility’s compliance;∙setting environmental objectives and targets to reduce environmental impacts and comply with legal and compliance requirements;∙identifying roles and responsibilities to ensure employees’ awareness and competence and integration into all aspects of operations;∙establishing environmental management plans and a training program to meet these objectives and targets;∙monitoring and measuring progress in achieving the objectives and targets;∙auditing progress of the EMS and making improvements.This framework helps a school achieve its environmental goals through consistent control of its operations. It addresses immediate and long-term impacts of its services and processes on the environmentHow can we use the EMS framework to address IPM in our schools?The EMS process guides participants to develop Environmental Management Plans (EMP) for each of the environmental media it has to address. Thus, this Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module can fit into the framework of an existing EMS or be used as a stand alone management plan.What are the main phases of an EMS that have been utilized in this module?1. Commitment and PolicyAdministration commits to environmental improvement and establishes anenvironmental policy which is the foundation of the EMS. Each environmentalmanagement plan (see below) also has a policy (e.g. IPM Policy) which guidesthe activities in the plan.2. Planning – Developing Environmental Management Plans (EMP)The school identifies a stakeholder group, develops a policy, benchmarks theschool district’s compliance and related issues, and identifies objectives andtargets to address. An objective is an environmental goal (e.g., minimize use ofpesticides). A target is a detailed, quantified requirement that arises from theobjectives (e.g., reduce use of pesticides by 25% by September 2014).The final part of the planning stage is developing an action plan called an EMP(e.g. IPM Environmental Management Plan), for meeting the objectives andtargets. This involves designating responsibilities, establishing a schedule, andoutlining clearly defined steps to meet the targets.3. ImplementationThe EMP is implemented using the necessary resources (human, financial,etc.). It involves:a.employee training and awarenessb.operational controls (e.g. standard operating procedures, vendorcontracts, etc.) to plan and manage your operations and activities in linewith your policy, objectives and targetsc.emergency preparedness and response for identifying potentialemergencies, and developing procedures for preventing and respondingto them.d.documentation of activities and datae.recordkeepingf.internal and external lines of communication.4. Monitoring and EvaluationThis involves monitoring key activities and tracking performance to determineif specific targets are being met.For an IPM Environmental Management Plan, this can involve assessment ofboth the IPM Plan and the conditions related to pest management in thebuilding, for example:a.An annual building inspection to determine if the IPM plan is beingfollowed, and to identify structural, sanitary and behavioral problemsthat need to be addressed.b.An annual review of the IPM Plan, IPM contractor services andservice reports etc. to determine if the IPM strategy is beingimplemented as planned and what the outcome of that strategy is. Arepests being reduced? Are identified necessary building improvementsbeing remediated? Are staff members following policy and workpractices? Is the IPM contractor complying with the contract and anyinvolved regulations?5. Periodic Audit and ReviewAdministrators review the results of monitoring and evaluation data to see ifthe EMS is working and to determine whether the original environmentalpolicy is meeting the goal. Aspects of the program or systems are then revisedto optimize the effectiveness of the EMS. The review stage creates a loop ofcontinuous improvement for a school.6. Corrective and Preventative ActionThrough the use of data from inspections, monitoring, and periodic EMS auditand review; you identify and correct problems, and prevent their recurrence.The goal is to ensure your EMS and EMPs are operating as intended, and thatthere is continual improvement.What are the benefits of an EMS? An EMS provides tools to help manage your organization's environmental impacts efficiently and effectively and to improve environmental stewardship across the entire organization. Organizations who have implemented an EMS have realized the following benefits:∙cost savings;∙reduced risk;∙increased operational efficiency;∙positive external relations and public image;∙improved communication;∙greater employee stewardship;shared environmental solutions.Resources Environmental Protection Agency - /ems/2.Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection –/dep/about/priorities/overview.htm3.Wikipedia - /ems/4.Environmental Management Systems: An Implementation Guide for Small andMedium Sized Organizations (PDF)。

ABB 供应商要求及认证办法目录Supplier Requirements 供应商要求......................................................................Introduction 简介.................................................................................................Supplier Qualification Process 供应商资格认可过程..........................................Supplier Qualification 供应商资格......................................................................Qualification Process Steps 资格认可过程.............................................Self Assessment自我评价..................................................................Review and Site Visit 评审和现场确认.................................................Supplier Qualification Status 供应商资格状态....................................Key Focus Areas 关键关注方面...............................................................Quality Management 质量管理............................................................Environmental Management 环境管理..............................................Social Responsibility 社会责任............................................................Health and Safety Management 健康和安全管理..............................Process Qualification 过程资格..........................................................................Process Qualification Steps 过程资格步骤..............................................Select Supplier from ABB Supplier list 从ABB 供应商清单中选择供应商Define Scope of Supply 确定供应范围................................................Quality File 质量文件..........................................................................Process Audit 过程审核.......................................................................Qualification 首次交付资格...........................................................First Delivery Plan 首次交付计划...........................................................Deliveries 交付........................................................................................Improvement 持续改进....................................................................Performance Indicators 绩效指标............................................................Non-conforming Supply 不合格供应的处理...................Cost Recovery 成本补偿...................................................................Modification/Improvement Process 变更/改进流程..............................1. Introduction 简介This document describes the process by which a supplier of components, products, systems, and/or services can get qualified to supply ABB. 本文描述了零部件,产品,系统和服务的供应商能够获得向ABB 供货资格的流程The process starts with the initial qualification of the supplier, which permits ABB to determine if a new supplier meets the minimum requirements established by ABB and can be added to the ABB Supplier List. The next step covers the qualification of the Supplier's process (manufacturing, designing, sub-contracting) which will be used to supply ABB with a specific component, system, or service. 该流程涵盖了供应商的初始资格批准的要求,该流程保证ABB 来确定新供应商是否能够满足ABB 的基本要求, 并纳入ABB 供应商清单.其后的流程覆盖用以向ABB 提供特定的零部件,系统或服务的供应商的过程资格(制造,设计及外包).The qualification of the first delivery is performed next with approval of initial samples and deliveries. Finally the last step of this process covers the measurement and improvement of the Supplier performance. 零部件或系统资格的认可将在首次交付批准后实施.流程中的最后步骤涉及供应商绩效的监控和改进.This process is meant to be a cooperative effort between ABB and its supplier to ensure and maintain good quality and deliveries throughout the supply chain. This is achieved by ABB working with the supplier to develop and maintain a controlled process which addresses ABB requirements, and ensures minimal quality costs for both ABB and the supplier. 该流程需要ABB 和供应商的相互配合和支持,以确保整个供应链中良好的质量和交付绩效,同时通过和供应商建立和保持能够体现ABB 要求的受控过程来实现该目标,并保证ABB 和供应商最低的质量成本.2. Supplier Qualification Process 供应商资格认可过程Supplier Qualification供应商资格Process Qualification 过程资格First Delivery Component/System/ Service Qualification 首次交付资格Continuous Continuous Improvement Improvement 持续改进SUPPLIER Self Assessment自我评价Develop Quality File 准备质量文件Yes 是or NoSite Visit 现场参观Quality File Required 要求质量文件Define Scope of supply 确定供应范围No 否yesCritical Delivery? 关键交付No 否or yesFirst Delivery Requirements 首次交付要求Yes 是or noProcess Audit Performed By ABB ABB 进行过程审核Rating Adjustment 级别调整Performance Indicators 绩效指标Deliveries交付Modifications/ Improvements Approved? 批准ABB Supplier List 供应商清单Select Supplier 选择供应商3. Supplier Qualification 供应商资格The initial step in Supplier Qualification is based on these Supplier Requirements and the Supplier Qualification Questionnaire, available for download at /supplying to ABB . All Suppliers are required to complete the Supplier Qualification Questionnaire and return it to ABB. This provides us with the basic information about our Suppliers. Based on the Questionnaire responses, the Supplier may be visited by ABB to validate information provided in the Questionnaire. The local ABB unit will review the information and determine if the Supplier will be added to the Supplier List. This qualification is valid for one particular Supplier site. 供应商资格认可的初始步骤是根据《供应商要求》和《供应商资格问卷》,这 2 份文件可从网址/supplying to ABB下载获得.所有供应商都应填写《供应商资格问卷》,并将问卷发回给ABB,为ABB 提供基本信息.根据问卷的结果,ABB 公司可能需要到供应商现场对调查问卷的信息进行验证.由当地ABB 公司评审相关信息,确定供应商是否可以被列入供应商清单中.所批准的资格应只针对单个特定的供应商有效.3.1 Qualification Process Steps 资格认可过程3.1.1 Self Assessment 自我评价Suppliers must download the questionnaire and respond to all questions. Include: 供应商必须下载该问卷,对所有问题进行回答,包括: - Documentation to support their self-assessment 支持自我评价的相关文件- a comment explaining a 'partial' or 'no' response 针对回答为"部分"或"否"的问题,做出解释- current actions being taken to address weak areas (enter this on the Summary Sheet) 针对薄弱环节采取的相应措施(填至汇总表) Once completed, the questionnaire and all supporting documentation are to be sent to ABB. 当供应商完成问卷后,应将问卷和支持文件发给ABB 公司.3.1.2 Review and Site Visit 评审和现场确认ABB will review the questionnaire, supporting documents, and action plans sent by the supplier. ABB will decide whether it is necessary to perform a counter-assessment at the supplier site or to directly approve the supplier based on information provided. ABB reserves the right to adjust the score of individual questions based on its evaluation of the information provided by the supplier. ABB 公司将对供应商提供的调查问卷,支持文件和行动计划进行评审,并决定是否直接批准该供应商,或到供应商现场进行直接评估.ABB 根据其对供应商提供信息的评估,有权保留对供应商单个问题回答的分数进行调整的权利.3.1.3 Supplier Qualification Status 供应商资格状态Suppliers can determine their potential qualification status by looking at the Summary Sheet of the Supplier Qualification Questionnaire. According to the qualification level achieved you can see below the actions that need to be taken.供应商可以通过《供应商资格问卷》中《汇总表》判断其潜在的资格状态,该表还对应于各资格水平列出了供应商应采取的措施. Rejected: Your score is under 20%: your company is too far from ABB requirements. If and when you have implemented corrective actions which permit you to reach a score of more than 20%, you can get in touch with ABB again. 拒绝: 拒绝:您的评分低于20%:贵公司与ABB 的要求相差太远.如果贵公司能实施纠正措施,并达到20% 以上,您可以再次和ABB 联系.Under Development: Your score is between 20% and 50%: you can be part of the ABB SupplierList, provided your Quality, Costs and Delivery (QCD) performance is best in class and you have a plan to reach 50% within one year. 9AKK102949 ABB Supplier Requirements, Rev B Page 4/11 Supplier Requirements 需要改进: 需要改进:您的评分在20%到50%间:如果贵公司的质量,成本和交付(QCD)绩效表现优秀,而且有计划在 1 年的时间内达到50%以上,贵公司将可以进入ABB 供应商名单.Qualified: Your score is above 50%: you can be part of the ABB Supplier List, provided your Quality, Costs and Delivery (QCD) performance is best in class. We will ask you to implement continuous improvement plans to increase your score year over year, and communicate to us the results on a regular basis. 合格: 合格:您的分数超过50%;只要贵公司的质量,成本和交付(QCD)绩效表现优秀,您可以进入ABB 供应商名单.我们将要求实施持续改进计划,以使您的评分每年提高,我们将定期和您沟通结果.The decision to include a supplier on the ABB supplier list will be based on the combination of the score and the action plan to address weak areas. ABB 将基于该分数以及供应商对其薄弱方面的改进措施,来决定其是否能成为ABB 供应商.3.2 Key Focus Areas 关键关注方面3.2.1 Quality Management 质量管理Suppliers must agree to introduce and maintain a quality management system according to ISO 9001:2000, or equivalent third party certification recognized by ABB, with the obligation to defect free delivery and to continuously improve their performance. Certified suppliers must send a copy of their quality system certifications to ABB. Suppliers who are not certified shall present to ABB their plan for management of Quality and may be subject to a Quality Management System audit by ABB. 供应商必须同意依据ISO9001:2000(或其他ABB 认可的第三方认证)引入和保持质量管理体系,并致力于实现零缺陷的交付和业绩的持续改进.获得认证的供应商应提供一份质量体系证书复印件给ABB,还未获得认证的供应商应该提交质量管理计划,ABB 公司可能对其进行质量管理体系的审核.3.2.2 Environmental Management 环境管理ABB's environmental management principles also apply to its suppliers (link to ABB Sustainability Policies). As a general objective, ABB wants to do business with suppliers who have implemented environmental management systems complying with the requirements of ISO 14001. Suppliers not yet having implemented ISO 14001 must at least have implemented an environmental policy and ensured that all operations and processes comply with relevant standards, legislation and international conventions. Suppliers must have identified and documented the significant environmental aspects of their manufacturing or supply processes, covering their scope of supply to ABB. Suppliers must also have implemented processes to ensure continuous improvement of their environmental performance, and must adhere to ABB's list of prohibited and restricted materials and substances when fulfilling their supply contracts.ABB 集团的环境管理原则同样适用于其供应商(与ABB 可持续发展政策的链接:ABB Sustainability Policies).作为一个总体的目标,ABB 愿意与实施ISO14001 环境管理体系要求的供应商建立业务往来.还未建立ISO14001 的供应商,至少应该实施环境政策,保证其所有运作和生产过程符合相关标准, 法律法规和国际惯例的要求.供应商还必须识别出与其制造并提供给ABB 的材料,零部件和服务有关的显著环境因素,并实施基本的环境因素管理,以持续改进环境绩效.供应商提供的材料和零部件必须符合ABB 禁止和限制的材料和物质清单的要求.3.2.3 Social Responsibility 社会责任ABB's management principles for social responsibility also apply to its suppliers. Suppliers must ensure that all operations and processes comply with relevant standards, legislation and international conventions. A senior manager shall be responsible for ensuring that systems and procedures for social responsibility are in place. ABB 集团的社会责任管理原则同样适用于供应商.供应商必须保证其所有的运作和生产过程符合相关标准,法律法规和国际惯例的要求.管理层应确保其社会责任体系的到位.Suppliers must support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights and ensure equality of opportunity. Suppliers must also comply with applicable laws and industry standards on working hours and offer adequate wages to their employees. Suppliers must not employ children or support the use of child labor, make use of forced labor or make use of harassment or disciplinary practices nor discriminate. Suppliers must have appropriate procedures to evaluate and select sub-suppliers on their ability to meet these principles and to maintain reasonable evidence that these principles are continuing to be met. 9AKK102949 ABB Supplier Requirements, Rev B Page 5/11 Supplier Requirements 供应商必须支持和尊重国际公认的人权要求和保证公平的机会.供应商还必须符合所有适用的,与工作时间和为员工提供足够薪资方面的法律和行业要求.供应商不许雇用或支持使用童工,不得采用强迫劳动, 或折磨,惩罚手段和歧视.供应商必须建立适当的程序,以评估并根据其分供应商满足这些原则的能力选择分供应商,并保留这些原则能够持续实现的合理证据.3.2.4 Health and Safety Management 健康和安全管理ABB's management principles for occupational health and safety also apply to its suppliers. Suppliers must provide and ensure a safe and healthy working environment for their own employees and sub-suppliers. Suppliers should implement a health and safety policy and establish objectives to meet this policy. As a minimum, suppliers must ensure that their operations and processes comply with relevant standards and legislation. Suppliers must also identify the health and safety risks in the scope of their supply to ABB and implement controls to eliminate or reduce these risks. ABB favors suppliers who have implemented OHSAS 18001 or equivalent systems for occupational health and safety management. ABB 集团的职业健康和安全管理原则同样适用于其供应商.供应商必须确保其员工和分供应商拥有安全和健康的工作环境,实施健康和安全政策并建立相应的目标.作为最低要求,供应商必须确保所有的运作和生产过程符合相关标准,法律法规的要求.供应商还必须识别出与制造并提供给ABB 的材料,部件和服务有关的重要健康和安全的风险,实施健康和安全管理,以持续改进健康和安全绩效.ABB 支持其供应商实施OHSAS18001 或等同的职业健康和安全管理体系.4. Process Qualification 过程资格In this section we will look at the process (manufacturing, designing, sub-contracting), which will be used to supply ABB with a specific component, system, or service. We are interested in making sure that the process used will meet all ABB Requirements and that it has all the necessary elements and checkpoints to ensure it remains under control. A controlled process is the key to good quality and deliveries. Some of the key tools in this section are the "Quality File" and the "Process Control Plan". 在这部分涉及用来给ABB 提供特定零部件,系统或服务的过程情况(包括制造,设计和外包),我们重点关注所采用的过程能够满足ABB 的所有要求,同时具有所必须的要素和检查点,以使过程处于受控状态.受控的过程是获得好质量和交付的关键.在这部分使用的关键工具是"质量文件"和"过程控制计划".4.1 Process Qualification Steps 过程资格步骤4.1.1 Select Supplier from ABB Supplier list 从ABB 供应商清单中选择供应商ABB will select a supplier from the ABB Supplier List, based on its technical ability to supply a specific component, system, or service, and to meet Quality, Costs and Delivery criteria. ABB 将根据供应商提供特定零部件,系统或服务的技术能力和满足质量,成本和交付要求的程度,从ABB 供应商清单中选择供应商.4.1.2 Define Scope of Supply 确定供应范围ABB unit determine the Scope of Supply to be sourced. Based on the risk associated with the supply, ABB will determine the level of control and follow-up required by ABB and will decide on the requirements for a Quality file and/or a Process Audit. (i.e. The Quality File is not required for Suppliers of standard, catalog items or products.) ABB 确定需要开发的供应范围,基于与供应有关的风险,ABB 将决定控制和跟踪的程度以及对质量文件和/或过程审核的要求(如质量文件要求对提供标准产品的供应商不适用).4.1.3 Quality File 质量文件Suppliers will create a Quality File to maintain all the relevant information related to the scope of supply. The quality file should include: 供应商应建立质量文件,以提供与供货相关的所有必需的信息.质量文件应包括如下方面:4.1.3.1 Basic Documents 基本文件Minimum required documents to be contained in the Quality File.对质量文件内容的最低要求. 9AKK102949 ABB Supplier Requirements, Rev B Page 6/11 Supplier Requirements Drawings and specifications (The supplier must maintain the latest revisions of the ABB drawings and specifications as part of the quality file) 图纸和规范(供应商应保存最新版本的ABB 图纸和规范作为质量文件的一部分.) Purchase Order and Purchase order changes 采购订单及采购订单变更的内容4.1.3.2 Additional Documents 其他文件The quality file may also include additional documents based on the complexity and criticality of the scope of supply to ABB. As these documents are created, they should be added to the Quality File. Some of these documents are described below: (Product Design documents are only required if the Supplier has responsibility for the design of the Component Product). 基于提供给ABB 供货范围的复杂性及重要性,质量文件还应包括其他文件.当这些文件创建时,应该被纳入质量文件范围.部分文件描述如下:(产品/过程设计文件只有在供应商负责承担设计时才适用).Products Design Development Plan: Suppliers shall document plans that identify the responsibility for each design and development activity, as well as a precise planning, which matches ABB project needs. The plans shall describe or reference the design and development activities and shall be updated immediately as the design evolves. 产品设计开发计划: 供应商应识别各设计和开发活动的职责,和与ABB 项目需求匹配的准确的策划,并文件化.计划应描述或参考各设计开发活动,并随着设计的进行而及时更新.Product Design Review: Design output shall be documented and expressed in terms ofrequirements, calculations, and analysis. The design review shall verify that all requirements have been met by the design output. 产品设计评审: 设计输出应形成文件,并包括设计要求,计算和分析.设计评审应确认所有要求在设计输出阶段都已得到满足.Product Design Change: Suppliers shall establish and maintain procedures for the identification, documentation, and appropriate review and approval of all changes and modifications to a design. For ABB specific component, systems, or services, ABB must approve all changes prior to implementation. 产品设计更改:供应商应建立和保持对所有设计更改和变更的识别,文件化和适宜的评审和批准程序. 对ABB 特定的零部件,系统或服务,所有更改在实施前都应获得ABB 批准.Approved Sub-Supplier List: Suppliers will establish the list of sub-suppliers that have been approved using their own internal supplier qualification process. 批准的分供应商清单:供应商应建立通过公司内部供应商资格批准流程获得批准的分供应商清单.Sub-Supplier Initial Sample Approval: Suppliers will maintain approved samples of key components, products, or systems manufactured by their sub-suppliers, which will be used in the supply of the ABB component, system, or service in question. Initial Samples reports shall be kept by the supplier at ABB's disposal. 分供应商首样批准:供应商应保留由其分供应商制造的并用于提供给ABB 的零部件,系统或服务的关键零部件,产品或系统的经批准的首样.首样报告应按ABB 要求由供应商保存.Process Control Plan: Suppliers shall map out the process to be used to supply the component, system, or service to ABB. For each step in this process (or component used in that step), the plan should include: component/process step number, operation description, production equipment, characteristics to be controlled, methodology for measurement including tolerances, measurement equipment, size and frequency of measurement sample, corrective action procedure. You may use the ABB Control Plan 9AKK102950 available on /Supplying to ABB or an equivalent document, as long as it includes all elements listed above. 过程控制计划:供应商应对直其供应的零部件,系统或服务质量使用的过程进行策划.对于过程中的每个步骤(或每个步骤所使用的零部件),计划应包括:零部件/过程步骤编号,操作描述,生产设备,受控的特性,测量方法包括公差,测量设备,测量样品的尺寸及频率,纠正措施程序.您可以在/Supplying to ABB 上找到已有的ABB 控制计划9AKK102950,或其他包含上述要素的等同文件.Gauge Capability Study: Suppliers shall control, calibrate, and maintain inspection, measuring, and test equipment, whether owned by the Supplier, on loan, or provided by ABB, to demonstrate the conformance of the product to 9AKK102949 ABB Supplier Requirements, Rev B Page 7/11 Supplier Requirements the specified requirements. Equipment shall be used in a manner, which ensures that the measurement capability is known and is consistent with the required measurement capability. 量具能力分析:供应商应对无论是本身拥有,租借或由ABB 提供的检验,测量和测试设备进行控制,校准,以证明所交付产品的特性满足特定的要求.设备应在其测量能力已知,并与所要求的测量能力一致的情况下得到使用.Process/Product Capability Study: Suppliers will determine if they are capable of meeting the material, component, system, or service requirements as provided in the ABB contract and that the proposed process for creating the component, system, or service is capable of meeting allrequirements.过程/产品能力分析:供应商应确定是否能满足ABB 合同对材料,零部件,系统或服务的要求,以及用来提供零部件,系统或服务的过程能够满足所有要求.Preventive Maintenance Plan: Suppliers will keep their preventive maintenance plan for all equipment involved in the creation of the component, system, or service in question, at ABB's disposal.预防性维修计划:供应商应按ABB 要求保持所有与提供给ABB 的零部件,系统或服务有关的设备的预防性维修计划.Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis: Suppliers will utilize the FMEA tool to analyse the process used to fulfil the scope of supply and determine potential failure modes. These failure modes will be reviewed for adequate controls and modifications to the Process Control Plan may be necessary as a result of the analysis. 过程失效模式分析:供应商利用FEMA 工具分析所供产品实现的过程,识别潜在失效模式.作为分析的结果,这些失效模式将作为过程控制计划必要的控制及更改. 4.1.4 Process Audit 过程审核For critical components, products, systems, or services, ABB will perform a process audit at the supplier site according to ABB Process Audit Questionnaire 9AKK102952, available on /Supplying to ABB for download. The process audit is meant to evaluate the process described in the Process Control Plan and observe its effective implementation and capability to deliver good quality and delivery of the scope of supply. 对于关键零部件, 产品, 系统或服务, ABB 将根据ABB 过程审核问卷9AKK102952 ( 可从网址/Supplying to ABB下载获得)到供应商现场进行过程审核.审核主要评估在过程控制计划中描述的过程,观察其是否被有效的实施,以及有能力提供供货范围内质量良好产品的能力.This audit will be performed prior to initial supply. ABB may perform Process Audits on a regular basis to ensure there is no deviation over time. Process audits may also be performed by ABB in case of recurring non-conformances, or any other reason at ABB discretion. 审核将在首次交付前进行.ABB 将定期进行过程审核,以保证过程不随时间推移有任何偏离.ABB 公司还会在发生重复不符合或其他ABB 认为必要时进行过程审核.Suppliers commit to give full access to their processes, documents and personnel during the Process Audits. 供应商在过程审核期间应承诺允许ABB 人员完全接近其过程,文件和人员.A process is considered as qualified for similar material, components, products or systems produced according the same process, at the same supplier site. 对于在同一供应商工厂,并在相同过程中生产的类似材料,部件,产品或系统将视为同一过程进行过程资格的批准.5. First Delivery Qualification 首次交付资格5.1 First Delivery Plan 首次交付计划Supplier will develop a plan to monitor the initial delivery of components, products, systems or services to ensure that the manufacturing/delivery process is generating the quality level expected by ABB. The plan may involve submittal of initial samples or demonstration of services by the supplier. 供应商应制定计划来监控首次零部件,产品,系统或服务的实现,以保证制造/交付过程达到ABB 期望的质量水平.该计划可包括供应商首样的呈交或服务的体系. Initial samples, if required, must be manufactured with the final means and be representative of the normal production components and/or systems. They must be dispatched on time for theattention of ABB Supply Chain Management department. A specific label 'Initial Samples' with at least the following information: quantity, number, and index of the drawing, will be provided by the Supplier. 必要时,首样应以最终零部件或系统的系列生产方式进行生产.它们必须准时交付给ABB 供应商链部门.供应商应在首样附带"首样标签",并应至少包含这些信息:数量,序号和图纸目录.ABB will use its own means to carry out the checking of the measurements presented by the Supplier and will check of the scope of supply under practical conditions of use. ABB will issue the results to Suppliers. ABB 将使用本公司的方法按实际使用条件来对供应商的测量数据和供应范围进行检查,并将检查结果通知供应商.The plan should include necessary actions to detect and contain any non-conformity. This containment plan should be submitted and approved by ABB. 该计划应包含必要的发现和处置不合格品的措施.该计划应呈交并获得ABB 的批准.5.2 Deliveries 交付Once approved, Supplier can deliver the scope of supply to ABB. 当获得批准后,供应商可以按规定的供应范围向ABB 交付.6. Continuous Improvement 持续改进Once deliveries of the component, system, or service have started, ABB will monitor the Supplier's performance to establish a trend of Continuous Improvement. Quality and On-Time Delivery are the minimum metrics which will be tracked for Supplier performance. Additional performance measures may be required by certain ABB units. 一旦供应商开始交付零部件,系统或服务,ABB 将开始监控供应商的绩效,以确定持续改进的趋势.供应商绩效跟踪至少包含质量和准时交付指标.各ABB 公司将根据各自需求公布其他绩效的考核.Resolution of non-conformances in the supply to ABB will be addressed in a manner that will best support ABB's requirements. Expenses associated with supply non-conformances will be the responsibility of the Supplier. 在供应中不合格的解决将以最佳支持ABB 要求的方式来体现.与供应产品中不合格品有关的费用将由供应商负责.6.1 Performance Indicators 绩效指标ABB will monitor supplier's performance and report it on a regular basis. ABB 将定期监控供应商的绩效和报告.Supplier Performance Indicators are as follows: 供应商绩效指标如下:Supplier Requirements Product Quality: % defect free deliveries received 产品质量(%): 产品质量(%):交付的零缺陷产品的百分比.On-time delivery: % of all shipped received complete and on time, based on agreed Incoterms准时交付率(%): 准时交付率(%):依据双方同意的国际通则,完整和准时发运产品的百分比. (%): Suppliers are expected to work with ABB to improve performance and/or process capability where needed. ABB may modify the level of control exercised based on the Suppliers on-going performance. In cases of repeated poor performance or failure to improve, suppliers will be removed from the ABB Supplier List. ABB 期望供应商与ABB 协作,在必要时改进绩效和/或过程能力.供应商资格状态将按持续的业绩来调整,当供应商发生重复的不良绩效或改进失败时,将被从ABB 合格供应商清单中取消.6.2 Containment of Non-conforming Supply 不合格供应的处理In the event a non-conforming material, component, system, or service is detected, ABB will determine the best method of securing conforming supply to meet our production requirements: 当识别出不合格材料,零部件,系统或服务时,ABB 公司将决定最适宜的方法来保证满足要求的合格产品的供应.ABB to return the entire lot of non-conforming material, component or systems to suppliers ABB 将整批不合格材料,零部件或系统退回供应商Suppliers to sort/rework/repair the non-conformance at ABB site 供应商到ABB 公司现场挑选/返工/修理不合格品;ABB to identify an external resource (certified by ABB Quality Department) to perform the sort/rework/repair ABB 公司寻找外部资源(由ABB 质量部门认可的)来进行挑选/返工/修理; ABB personnel to perform sort/rework/repair 由ABB 人员来进行挑选/返工/修理.6.2.1 Cost Recovery 成本补偿Suppliers shall assume the costs incurred by ABB as a result of defective supplies, services or product liability issues. Suppliers must have liability and third party insurance policy in amounts which are agreeable to ABB. 供应商应承担由于有缺陷的供应,服务或产品责任事宜带来的成本.供应商必须按ABB 认可的数量来购买责任和第三方保险.6.3 Modification/Improvement Process 变更改进流程Any change to the original product or process design must be approved by ABB prior to implementation. A Request for Change needs to be submitted to ABB and approved prior to implementing the change. The supplier shall keep records of all requests and corresponding ABB approvals. 对任何原始产品或过程设计的变更在实施前必须获得ABB 的批准.在实施变更前,供应商应提交《变更审核》给ABB 公司批准.供应商应保留所有申请和ABB 批准的记录.For all modifications/improvements submitted, ABB will determine whether a new First Delivery Plan is necessary. 对所有提交的变更/改进申请,ABB 公司将确定是否需要新的《首次交付计划》.Supplier Requirements In particular, an Initial Sample submission will be requested in the following cases: 尤其在下列情况下供应商需要执行新的首样流程:New product 新产品New tooling 新工具Change in supplier's manufacturing unit 供应商制造地点的变更.。

Introduction to the Environmental Management System Mode What is an Environmental Management System (EMS)? An EMS is a system that uses comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented management processes and procedures that allow a school district to identify, analyze, control and reduce the impact of its activities and services on human health and the environment. An EMS provides a systems approach based on the Deming model of “plan, do, check and act”.The model provided in this IPM module is based on the EMS standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the ISO 14001 Standard. Established in 1996, this framework is the official international standard and the most commonly used framework for an EMS. The model was used for industry and businesses.In 2006, as part of a national effort by EPA and a statewide effort by MassDEP, Lynn Rose worked with Madeline Snow of the University of Massachusetts Lowell, PEER Center1 to adapt this model for use by schools and municipalities in Massachusetts. We are using this modified version to guide the design of this IPM Module.1 The PEER Center at UMass is one of several centers across the country funded by the U.S. EPA to assist the implementation of EMSs.What are the Three Key EMS Commitments?What are the basic activities involved in developing and implementing the framework of an EMS?∙analyzing the environmental impacts of a facility’s operations;∙identifying environmental legal and compliance requirements of the facility’s processes, and benchmarking the status of the facility’s compliance;∙setting environmental objectives and targets to reduce environmental impacts and comply with legal and compliance requirements;∙identifying roles and responsibilities to ensure employees’ awareness and competence and integration into all aspects of operations;∙establishing environmental management plans and a training program to meet these objectives and targets;∙monitoring and measuring progress in achieving the objectives and targets;∙auditing progress of the EMS and making improvements.This framework helps a school achieve its environmental goals through consistent control of its operations. It addresses immediate and long-term impacts of its services and processes on the environmentHow can we use the EMS framework to address IPM in our schools?The EMS process guides participants to develop Environmental Management Plans (EMP) for each of the environmental media it has to address. Thus, this Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module can fit into the framework of an existing EMS or be used as a stand alone management plan.What are the main phases of an EMS that have been utilized in this module?1. Commitment and PolicyAdministration commits to environmental improvement and establishes anenvironmental policy which is the foundation of the EMS. Each environmentalmanagement plan (see below) also has a policy (e.g. IPM Policy) which guidesthe activities in the plan.2. Planning – Developing Environmental Management Plans (EMP)The school identifies a stakeholder group, develops a policy, benchmarks theschool district’s compliance and related issues, and identifies objectives andtargets to address. An objective is an environmental goal (e.g., minimize use ofpesticides). A target is a detailed, quantified requirement that arises from theobjectives (e.g., reduce use of pesticides by 25% by September 2014).The final part of the planning stage is developing an action plan called an EMP(e.g. IPM Environmental Management Plan), for meeting the objectives andtargets. This involves designating responsibilities, establishing a schedule, andoutlining clearly defined steps to meet the targets.3. ImplementationThe EMP is implemented using the necessary resources (human, financial, etc.).It involves:a.employee training and awarenessb.operational controls (e.g. standard operating procedures, vendorcontracts, etc.) to plan and manage your operations and activities in linewith your policy, objectives and targetsc.emergency preparedness and response for identifying potentialemergencies, and developing procedures for preventing and respondingto them.d.documentation of activities and datae.recordkeepingf.internal and external lines of communication.4. Monitoring and EvaluationThis involves monitoring key activities and tracking performance to determineif specific targets are being met.For an IPM Environmental Management Plan, this can involve assessment ofboth the IPM Plan and the conditions related to pest management in thebuilding, for example:a.An annual building inspection to determine if the IPM plan is beingfollowed, and to identify structural, sanitary and behavioral problemsthat need to be addressed.b.An annual review of the IPM Plan, IPM contractor services andservice reports etc. to determine if the IPM strategy is beingimplemented as planned and what the outcome of that strategy is. Arepests being reduced? Are identified necessary building improvementsbeing remediated? Are staff members following policy and workpractices? Is the IPM contractor complying with the contract and anyinvolved regulations?5. Periodic Audit and ReviewAdministrators review the results of monitoring and evaluation data to see ifthe EMS is working and to determine whether the original environmentalpolicy is meeting the goal. Aspects of the program or systems are then revisedto optimize the effectiveness of the EMS. The review stage creates a loop ofcontinuous improvement for a school.6. Corrective and Preventative ActionThrough the use of data from inspections, monitoring, and periodic EMS auditand review; you identify and correct problems, and prevent their recurrence.The goal is to ensure your EMS and EMPs are operating as intended, and thatthere is continual improvement.What are the benefits of an EMS? An EMS provides tools to help manage your organization's environmental impacts efficiently and effectively and to improve environmental stewardship across the entire organization. Organizations who have implemented an EMS have realized the following benefits:∙cost savings;∙reduced risk;∙increased operational efficiency;∙positive external relations and public image;∙improved communication;∙greater employee stewardship;shared environmental solutions.Resources Environmental Protection Agency - /ems/2.Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection –/dep/about/priorities/overview.htm3.Wikipedia - /ems/4.Environmental Management Systems: An Implementation Guide for Small andMedium Sized Organizations (PDF)。

环境评估师的环境管理计划编制作为环境评估师，环境管理计划（Environmental Management Plan，简称EMP）的编制是工作中的重要任务之一。

环境管理计划是指为了保护环境、减少环境污染和改善环境状况而制定的一系列管理措施和计划。

一、背景介绍在编制环境管理计划之前，首先需要对相关背景信息进行介绍。

包括评估范围、评估目的、评估方法等。

对于评估范围，需要明确评估的地理范围、评估对象等。

评估目的是为了确定编制环境管理计划的目标和重要性。

评估方法则是对于环境影响进行评估的具体方法和步骤。

二、目标与原则环境管理计划的编制需要明确具体的目标和原则。

目标是指为了达到环境保护和改善的目的而制定的具体行动方案。

在制定目标时需要考虑到环境保护的需要和可行性。

原则则是制定一系列管理措施和方法的指导原则，以保证计划的有效性和可操作性。

三、管理措施环境管理计划的核心内容是制定一系列的管理措施。

管理措施需要根据评估结果和目标确定，以达到减少环境污染和改善环境质量的目的。

在制定管理措施时，需要考虑到环境法规和标准，以确保计划的合法性和可执行性。

同时也需要考虑到各方利益相关者的需求和意见，以形成一个综合而又可行的管理计划。

四、责任分工环境管理计划的实施需要明确相应的责任分工。

这包括确定责任人、相关部门或组织的职责和任务等。

责任分工需要根据管理措施的具体要求和实施情况进行调整和优化，以实现计划的协同作用和有效性。

五、监测和评估环境管理计划的实施需要进行监测和评估。

监测是指对环境管理措施的实施效果进行监测和记录。

评估则是对实施效果进行综合评价和分析。

监测和评估是不断改进和完善环境管理计划的重要手段，可以及时调整和优化管理措施，以达到最佳的环境保护效果。

六、应急措施环境管理计划还需要考虑应急措施的制定。

在环境事故或突发事件发生时，需要有相应的应急措施来应对。

应急措施通常包括应急预案的制定、事故处理的方案等内容。

制定应急措施是为了最大程度的减少环境损害，并保护人员的安全。