高考英语语法专题复习：定语从句定语从句指在句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构，它通常跟在所修饰的名词或者代词之后。
这些被修饰的名词或代词被称为“先行词”。
引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括：that（指人或物），which（指代物），who和whom（指代人），whose（指代人或物）。
关系代词引导的从句不是完整的句子，缺少名词成分。
常见关系副词包括：when，where和why。
关系副词引导的从句是完整的句子，不缺少名词成分。
以上两点也是做题时判断关系词的重要依据。
限制性定语从句：紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开。
这类从句构成了先行词不可缺少的部分，与主句的关系非常紧密，去掉主句意思往往变得不明确。
例：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
非限制性定语从句：从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
这类从句是先行词的附加说明，它与主句往往用逗号隔开，而且与主句的关系也比较松散，就算缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
例：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。
【注意】非限制性定语从句只能用关系代词which或who、whom、whose等引导，不能用that引导，如：Nobody knows his phone number, which makes it difficult to get in touch with him.（which不能改成that）Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.（who不能改成that）三、必备知识点1.含有介词的定语从句(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
一、单项选择1. (2023株洲) Today’s China is a country ______ keeps to its national character.A. whatB. whoC. that2. (2023湘西) Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story __________I have ever read.A who B. where C. that3. (2023郴州) Tea is the leaf of a plant __________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries.A. whatB. whoC. that4. (2023岳阳) Lei Feng is a great person ________ sets a good example to us.A. whoB. whichC. whose5. (2023长沙.语法填词) It is a surprise ___________ may make someone’s day.A. whoB. thatC. what6. (2023中雅培粹月考一.C篇) The bird went on flying and suddenly saw a little dying flower, __________ face was full of smile.A. whichB. whomC. whose7. It is the very book _________ I am looking for.A. whichB. thatC. whose8. All the skirts _________ I like are pink.A. thatB. whichC. which9. You can do something ________ _________ good for your health, such as running, playing basketball and walking.A. which; isB. that; areC. that; is10. This is the place _________ I used to go to school.A. whenB. whichC. where二、语法填空1. (2023周南实验九下入学考) And my mother would ask me to take some gifts for people __________ wrote couplets for us.2. (2023立信中学九下入学考) “The oracle bone inscriptions (铭文) are a symbol of the beauty of a language ___________ has been passed down gradually,” said Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University.3. (2023明德集团九下入学考) The band named Bu Kao Pu is made up of six young people ___________ have eyesight problems.4. (2023立信中学九下月考一) That was the reason __________ it got its name.5. (2023雅礼集团九下月考一) At the opening show of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the group of 2008 people __________ showed tai chi impressed the whole world.6. The one _________ laughs in the end is the winner.7. Those ________respect other people are worth respecting.8. I always remember the day _________ my son was born.9. I don’t know the reason _________ he makes fun of me.10. This is the school at _________ we once stayed.三、翻译句子1. (2023北雅中学九下全真模拟) I was lucky to have parents who let me do what I like._______________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2023中雅培粹九下二模) Here are some suggestions that may help you become more polite. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2023麓山国际九下月考一) 守信用的人在哪里都受欢迎。
