定语从句必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句：一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。
作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school(who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year.(2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/whoenjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleepingbags.2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
指物时相当于of which，指人时相当于of whom。
(2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant inclass whose creativity would infect other students.二．that、which引导的定语从句1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
that指人或物均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had beenconstructed three years before.(2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing,which I used to avoid as much as possible.2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：(1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little few、the one等时；I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’sfault.(2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。
The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.(4).先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen orheard of during their long journey.3.关系代词只用which而不用that的情况：(1).关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.(2017全国三卷阅读理解) Bradford sold the buildingand land to a localdevelopment firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on theland wherethe theater is located.(2).关系代词前有介词时。
We live in an age in which information is available with greater ease than ever before.三．as引导的定语从句1.as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“such/ the same+先行词+ as…”结构中。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。
常用的类似的插入语有as the saying goes、as is said above、as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as isreported in the newspaper等。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover,”as the old saying goes.考点二关系副词引导的定语从句：一．where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+ which”(2016天津卷阅读表达)I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.二．when 引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。
(2016天津卷9) We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, whenthe weather may be better.三．why 引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词+which”。
Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting?考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句：一．介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。
另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词+ whose +名词”结构。
一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1).先行词的意义；(2).从句中的动词或形容词的固定搭配；(3).句子的意思。
Trading leather shoes is the business to which Greens are devoted.( bedevoted to“献身、热衷、致力于”)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never havegone this far.Recently I bought an ancient vase, whose price(＝the price ofwhich) wasvery reasonable.二．“of+关系代词引导的定语从句”在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are his family members.A卷真题卷单句填空题1.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 --- when thegovernment started a soil-testing program ______________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers --- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.2.But Sarah, ______________ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.3.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in themid-1980s, ______________ I was the first Western TV reporter.4.Simon is a comedian and actor ______________ has 10 years’experience ofteaching comedy.5.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knewthe Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ______________ have never before been published.6.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,______________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.7.When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our footballteam. That meant beating out Miller King, ______________was the best player at our school.8.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dreamplace for tourists seeking the limestonemountain tops anddark waters of the Li River ______________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.9.She and her family bicycle to work, ______________ helps them keep fit.10.Many westerners ______________ come to China cook much less than intheir own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 11.Kate, ______________sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.12.In1963 the UN set up the World Food Programe, oneof ______________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.13.I live next door to a couple ______________children often make a lot ofnoise.14.Many young people, most of ______________ were well-educated, headedfor remote regions to chasetheir dreams.15.Scientists have advanced many theoriesabout why human beings crytears, none of ______________ hasbeen proved.16.The number of smokers, ______________ is reported, has dropped by 17percent in just one year.17.It is a truly delightful place, ______________ looks the same as it must havedone 100 years ago with itswinding streets and pretty cottages.18.Creating an atmosphere in ______________ employees feel part of a team isa big challenge.19.He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ______________ werepublished in the 1990s.20.The books on the desk, ______________coversare shiny, are prizes for us.21.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______________school education depends.22.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ______________shows thatmore and more people allover the world want to learn about China.23.The exact year ______________ Angela andher family lived together inChina was 2008.24.A company ______________ profits from homemarkets are declining mayseek opportunities abroad.25.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month, ______________we set at thebeginning of the year.26.Until now, we have raised50, 000 poundsfor the poor children,______________ is quite unexpected.答案解析:1.that/which 先行词是物，空格在从句中做主语，故用关系代词；2.who 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，先行词是Sarah；3.when 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是mid-1980s，从句缺少状语，故用关系副词；4.who/that 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是人，用关系代词；5.which 此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是image，故用which；6.who 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，从句缺少主语；7.who 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，从句缺少主语；8.that/which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，从句中缺少主语，故用that或which；9.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中做主语，指代前面整个句子的内容，故用which；10.who/that westerners是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语；11.whose whose在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰sister；12.whose whose在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰purpose；13.whose 先行词是couple，由语境可知children和couple是所属关系，故用whose；14.whom 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，在逻辑上是介词of的宾语，故用whom；15.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为theories，作介词of的宾语；16.as as在此处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示正如……，代替整个主句的内容；17.which which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place且在从句中作主语；18.which 先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作逻辑上的地点状语，此处inwhich=where；19.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代的前面的books；20.whose 先行词books和covers之间是逻辑上的所属关系，故用whose；21.which 此处是一个定语从句，先行词表物，故用关系代词作介词upon的宾语；22.which 先行词指前面的整个主句，空格处在从句中作主语，故用which；23.when 先行词year在定语从句中是逻辑关系上的状语，故用when；24.whose 先行词company和profits是逻辑上的所属关系，故用whose；25.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词targets在定语从句中作set的宾语，故用which；26.which 先行词是前面的整个主句，空格处在定语从句中作主语；故用which。
