雅思大作文-范文30篇
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2018-05-05: Task 2 (Canada)The availability of entertainment such as playing video games on handheld devices are harmful to an individual and to a society they live in.To what extent do you agree or disagree.范文1:“Entertainment brings out an inherent creative personality, wings to mind and flights to imagination”. Today’s era is well known for its varieties of games on mobile phones; which have devastating effects on an individual and on society as well. In my opinion, availability of games on handheld devices have severe effects on eyes as well as on mental health but they also have their peculiarities in building creative ideas, determination and focus.To begin with, playing games over mobile phones has been a crucial issue for parents. Mostly children play games on mobile phones and have strain on their eyes; which results in poor visibility later on. In addition to this, unavailability of game or mobile phone makes an individual livid and depress. For instance, In a survey conducted by “Hindustan Times” 85% of children who play games over mobile phone have poor visibility, lack of confidence and mostly they are introvert.Moreover, playing games on mobile phone leads to isolation in the society. In other term, people do not believe in face-to -face communication with each other. Therefore, it results in lack of communication and sharing of valuable experiences in the society. For example, In a survey conducted by local magazine in “Los Angeles”, it is proven that most of the people who travel in metros prefer to play mobile games instead talking to their peer.On the flip side, playing quiz games over phones brings creativity and a vast knowledge of new vocabulary words. Furthermore, it also provide determination and focus to achieve a particular level. Apart from this, Society will also get ample of benefits as if they have abundance of creative people: increase their level of thinking, familiarity with new technology.In conclusion, there are number of answers to the given question. Every growing trend has their own advantage and disadvantage. However, games provides us new imaginary world and flavors to life but it should not be on the cost of health problems.范围2:In today’s rapidly changing world, people have given the priority on the internet programmes, games rather than broadcasting on Television. Due to the proliferation of internet uses, everyone is able to access the new technological device. It also increases the knowledge of every human beings. However, people who have been experiencing pre and post era of technology believe that use of these devices is nothealthy either physically or mentally. I tend to deem that the ordinate use of this advance embedded entertainment in technology is definitely beneficial.There are numerous reasons succors the availability of entertainment through audio and video could enhance the growth of word. Firstly, playing a game on the internet helps significantly to reduce pressure, In Fact its work as stress-buster. some of the games are like puzzles and require thought to solve. secondly, It is inevitable to state that the children are more addicted to portable devices. Nevertheless, it is easy to carry a device and play anywhere. Hence, children can utilize time efficiently, and spend qualitative time on study whereas playing on unportable devices require a specific time slot.New smart technologies have been developing in such way that, it can take care of human health by thing the brightness, contrast, and hue according to spectator visualization. Hence, There would be negligible impacts on eyes and very less chance of vision impairment. Apart from health, learning through entertainment has increased a knowledge exponentially. For example, video lecture on Internet has enriched the academic growth of students. Besides this, some skills can be learned in the form of the game has a vital effect to attain a job. Additionally, a virtual simulator with background music has a profound impact on learning. As a result, people can concentrate and stay focused on a subject. Another advantage as a pastime for older people who can access without physical activity.All in all, availability of entertainment by internet has changed the direction of development without compromising a health. Hence, societies around the world have came close and increased the productivity of an individual.。
雅思范⽂及赏析-剑4Test03-⼤作⽂剑4Test3⼤作⽂Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas(in words,pictures,music or film)in whichever way they wish.There should be no government restrictions on what they do.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?话题和题型分类政府类,同意不同意型题⽬分析创作艺术家⾃由表达观点是否应该受到政府控制思路提⽰同意有些艺术观点危害⼤众利益,需要受到限制部分不当观点具有煽动性,不利于社会稳定有的艺术创作内容不适宜特定⼈群欣赏,应该予以指导不同意百花齐放、百家争鸣代表了思想的⾃由和繁荣⾃由表达艺术观点可以推动新概念的诞⽣欣赏者可以从更⼤的范围中选择⾃⼰可以从中受启发的艺术观点Sample AnswerIn a real democracy,people should enjoy the freedom of speech.Everyone should be able to freely convey his or her ideas and views.This kind of freedom must be retained when it comes to artistic creations.内容详细条⽬段落此段结构表达观点此段功能⾸段开篇摆明观点:艺术创作应该享有充分的⾔论⾃由。
Freedom of speech is a basic right for all citizens,more so for artists. The ideas of an artist are often expressed not in their speeches but through their artistic work.Denying freedom is a kind of oppression.Only a government without the mandate over its people would fear free speech. Dictators,for example,never allow the people to criticize the government.内容详细条⽬段落此段结构1正⾯论证⼀:⾔论⾃由是所有公民的基本权利。
剑9Test4大作文Every year several languages die out.Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?话题和题型分类语言文化与全球化类,同意不同意型题目分析每年都有多种语言灭绝。
一些人认为语言灭绝并不重要因为世界上少几种语言,生活会更轻松。
你是否同意?思路提示同意一些语言的使用者极少,灭绝对世界的影响不大语言越多,就有越多潜在交流障碍,给生活带来不便不同意每一种语言都有自己的发展史,承载着一种特定的文化,灭绝很可惜语言之间存在联系,可以通过语言研究不同民族的历史和文化Sample AnswerIt has been reported that several minority languages become extinct each year.However,some people are indifferent to this phenomenon,holding that it can reduce the barrier between people from different cultures. From my point of this view,the negative effects of this trend far outweigh the convenience that it may bring.内容详细条目段落此段结构1描述现实2表达观点此段功能首段开篇摆明观点:小语种消失弊大于利。
Admittedly,the reduction in the number of languages may bring the world closer,which will result in the assimilation of different cultures. Though traditional languages have died out with old generations passingaway,economic progress has been attained,which has narrowed the gap between industrialized and developing countries and improve people’s living standard.Globalization has embraced the whole world together and helped countries to take full advantages of capital and technology.内容详细条目段落此段结构1反面论据一:语言减少可以让世界变得更紧密相连。
英语考试作文雅思大作文写作范文——先天和后天因素,谁对性格影响更大?今天给大家介绍一篇科技类的雅思大作文写作范文——先天和后天因素,谁对性格影响更大?科技类话题是雅思常考的3个话题之一,这篇雅思大作文范文是一篇在2个观点当中选出赞成观点并对两个观点进行议论的作文。
下面就请欣赏这篇雅思大作文范文。
题目:Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Which do you consider to be the major influence?先天和后天因素,谁对性格影响更大?范文:Many scientists believe that genetic characteristics have more influence on the human’s personality than some experiences in life. Although genetics has some effect on ourcharacters, I believe that the influence of life experience is more significant, and the following essay will discuss this in details.许多科学家认为,基因特征比生活中的某些经历对人的性格影响更大。
虽然基因对我们的性格有一定的影响,但我认为生活经验的影响更大,下面的文章会详细讨论。
On the one hand, it is true that everyone is unique, as they are born with different characteristics. While some people are born with an easy going character, others might be born with a melancholic one. People could not choose their genetic characters, and these characters will develop more as they get adults. Therefore many experts believe that genetic characters have a significant effect on a person’s identity.一方面,每个人都是独一无二的,因为他们生来就有不同的特点。
剑4 2-1The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.On average, 11% of all households,comprising almost two million people, were in this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children(7%) than those with children(12%). It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favoured elderly couples(only 4%) rather than single elderly people(6%).Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.剑4 2-2Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success,others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness, too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.剑4 3-1The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999We can see immediately that there were substantial difference in the proportion of men and women at different levels. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. Bycontrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%) and marginally more women reached degree level(55%).At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterpart (70% and 30%, respectively),and also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates.Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor’s degree, however.剑4 4-2In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline.They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation. But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.。
雅思作文真题范文【篇一:雅思作文题目汇总】一、教育1、教育应该包括哪些内容?母题:it is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. what should education consist of to fulfil both these functions? (050312)提示:本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开(个人与社会),准备好这篇文章,即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支—教育的功能,做到以不变应万变。
对于社会角度,可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开,对于个人,可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。
子题:大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能?大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益?准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验?大学要不要扩招?中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育?要不要延长义务教育年限?要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学?老师要教学生如何判断是非吗?2、学校的科目谁来选择?(060916)母题:some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. discuss the two views and give your opinion.提示:这类题目采取的策略就是“双批判”,因为题目中提供的两种选择往往都是错误的。
英语考试作文雅思大作文真题:新闻媒体在社会中的重要性推荐范文雅思大作文真题:新闻媒体在社会中的重要性【题目要求】News media are important in modern society. Why are they so important? Are their influences generally positive or negative?【题目翻译】新闻媒体在当代社会中很重要。
它们为什么这么重要?它们的影响通常是积极的还是负面的?【关键词分析】mediamedia来源于拉丁语,是medium的复数形式。
因此这个词在英语中大多是用作复数形式,是各种媒体的总称。
具体包括:print media(平面媒体),如newspaper, magazine;broadcast media(电波媒体),如radio, television, 以及new media(新媒体),主要指the Internet. 以上这些媒体又可以称之为mass media(大众媒体)。
news media本文应当围绕新闻媒体来展开,不要提到媒体的娱乐功能。
【话题分类与题型】本题是老题新出,与2005年6月25日、2009年3月5日、2009年8月22日的话题基本一致。
属于“媒体与广告”类话题的“新闻与媒体”分支。
媒体类话题在2011年共出现6次,这次是2012年首次出现,上一次出现是在2011年11月17日。
该题属于混搭类题型(原因+利弊分析),兼备说明文和议论文的写法(与09年3月5日的题型一致)。
混搭题型是近期说明文考察的重点,2011年共出现7次,而标准的说明文(问题+原因+影响+解决方法)仅出现4次,因此在写作的时候应当特别留意混搭题型。
【话题评价】媒体与广告类话题共有“新闻与媒体”、“媒体审查制度”以及“广告”三大主题。
本题在“十大话题万能分类题库”中属于母题,因此只要做好充足的复习准备,难度不大。
【题型解析】混搭题型主要有常见的几种出题方式:原因+利弊分析、原因+同意与否(针对题目中所给出的解决方法)、同意与否+解决方法。
剑桥雅思13大作文8分范文Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious social problems as well as practical problems.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?-----------------------------范文1-------------------------These days, there are a lot of people who need to go to study or work overseas. This is the reason why some people think that dwelling in a foreign nation where they have to communicate in a foreign language is responsible for many challenges. I personally agree with the idea for many reasons, described in the following paragraph.The major reason that I agree that living in a foreign country can cause some problems is that folk can experience some culture shock. In other words, each country has its own customs. As a result, If individuals live in a foreign country, they will have to accept any culture that they are unfamiliar with. Moreover, folk cannot comprehend what local people attempt to communicate. To illustrate, If citizens from the United State of America travel to the United Kingdom, they may not understand the British accent. As a consequence, they will not able to communicate withlocal British citizens.In addition, individuals cannot change their behaviour. For example, when Thai citizens go to Canada which is in a different time zone to Thailand, they may have some health problems because they cannot alter their sleeping time. On top of that, individuals cannot eat local foods. That is to say, folk who have to live in a foreign nation may think that local foreign foods are strange for them.To summarize, there are tremendous reasons that residing in a country where folk have to speak a foreign language can cause many problems, and I strongly agree with this notion.------------------------范文2---------------------It is said that, in a country where speaking a foreign language is compulsory, immigrants are faced with various problems in society. I strongly agree with this statement because of some main reasons.Firstly, speaking a country language would help people to communicate with local dwellers. Communication not only helps foreigners to make friends but also expand their social life. In the other word, lack of friendship lead to feeling loneliness. For instance, a person living in a new country, when attending a party is less likely to experience joyfulmoments as a result, he could not understand completely what others talk about so that, he fails to participate in their discussion. Hence speaking a local language play an important role in socializing.Secondly, it is undeniable fact that speaking a foreign language has essential effects on daily life. In fact, in several situations during a day without knowing the language of that area one probably would get in trouble. To illustrate it, when a person goes shopping and cannot explain the specific products which he wants so the seller may make a mistake and give him the wrong goods. Therefore, immigrants have to learn the language of their destination country to live easily and do their work in the best way. Some may argue that in overseas one can speak with own language and translate it with some applications to convey his requests, while in this way it would be really arduous that local accept them in their community.In conclusion, I believe conversation skills with foreign languages contribute to creating close-knit relationships for communication and do other tasks that are necessary for living properly.-------------------------范文3--------------------As we all know, living in a foreign country and dealing with new people is not plain sailing. Surviving in a place where a different language isspoken will not be easy even if you are fluent in that language. So, I agree that one has to face so many social problems as well as practical problems. In this essay, I will dig into some of the issues why it is not that simple to live in a foreign country.The very first thing one has to encounter is the language barrier. The different dialects will surely make you have trouble. Moreover, even buying things from a store will not be easy if you do not understand their accent. Another problem comes from communication with the local dwellers. For example, the local people invite you to a party, but you cannot make new friends because of the language barrier while the others are having fun. Also, you will not get a chance to have conversations with your neighbors. Since you live in a new place you need to widen your social circle so you must be fluent in the language of the country that he intends to move to.In addition, coping with new cultures is another challenging thing. Every country has different religions and manners, so we need to struggle a lot to fit in. If we cannot communicate, we will not get the opportunity to learn about their cultures and we will not settle in their community. The consequences of this are loneliness along with no friends and low socializing. For instance, when I travelled to Spain for business eventhough it was just a week, I felt so alone because I had no one to speak to or hang out with. I cannot imagine myself living there for extra weeks without even knowing a word. These are the detrimental effects of living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language.Taking everything into consideration, although we cannot deny that there are so many problems in migrating to a different country, we can solve these problems with the help of language. Also, as time goes by, we will be used to these problems.。
剑9Test3大作文Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities.Others,however,say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.话题和题型分类社会生活类,双边讨论型题目分析一些人认为改善公众健康的最佳方式是增建体育设施,另一些人则认为那样效果不大,需要其他方式。
讨论双方观点并给出自己的意见。
思路提示增加体育设施数量是改善公众健康的最佳方式体育设施的数量增多可以促进人们多使用它们进行锻炼,增强体质,改善健康A的效果不大,需要其他方式增加的体育设施是否可以让所有人使用,如果否,则“公众”健康难以改善一些人群不适合使用体育设施,如行动不便的人提倡健康生活饮食习惯,创造良好医疗条件、生活条件等也是很好的改善公众健康的方式Sample AnswerA problem of modem societies is the declining level of health in the general population.One possible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle.However,there are some people who doubt whether this solution would have a positive effect.I think that the outcome of such a practice may not be as good as some people believe.内容详细条目段落此段结构1描述现实2表达观点此段功能首段开篇摆明观点:增加运动设施并不一定能改善人们的健康水平。
剑9Test1大作文Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?话题和题型分类教育类,同意不同意型题目分析有些专家认为少年儿童从小学就应该开始学外语,而不是从中学。
这种想法优大于劣吗?思路提示优点>缺点科研表明,儿童低龄时口舌肌肉尚未定型,是语言发展的重要时期较早开始学习外语,记得快,学得多,接受能力比大龄起步效果好通过寓教于乐的方式让低龄儿童学习外语,可以让其认为学外语很快乐,培养好的学习心态缺点>优点低龄儿童活泼好动,集中力不强,学外语效果打折扣低龄儿童对较难的语言点难以理解Sample AnswerUnder the fast globalization,learning a foreign language tends to be a necessary.Some even advocate that children should start a foreign language since their primary school.Personally,I reckon that this proposal will cause more harm other than benefits to children.内容详细条目段落此段结构1描述现实2表达观点此段功能首段开篇摆明观点:让孩子们从小学开始学习外语这一提议弊大于利。
Admittedly,it will be much more advantageous for children to learn a new language at an early age.Scientists substantiate that young kids have already formed the cognitive capability to distinguish the foreign language from their mother tongue,let alone the children over7year‐old.Indeed,children’s intrinsic curiosity and language gift can make it easier for them to master the foreign language compared with those who have get used to the pattern of their own language.Statistics present that most Swiss children can spontaneously master at least three languages since their9,especially those half‐breed.内容详细条目段落此段结构1反面论据一:七岁的孩子有足够的能力分辨外语与母语。
•经济上,发展中国家的劳动力被剥削,资源被取用,而产品却不能够进人发达国家,国内产业受到外商和外企的冲击;•社会上,外国的产品流人一个国家,会改变人们的生活习惯和购买习惯;年轻人比较喜欢外同产品,比如说食品、衣服、电子产品和娱乐方式;•文化上,本土文化会被削弱,本土语言会受到威胁,文化多样性会逐步损失;•环境上,工业化生产和交通量的加大会增加温室气体的排放;游人的增多会对自然环境构成威胁。
Topic 1: Increasing travels between countries enable people to learn different cultures or to increase tension between people from different countries?外来人口的增加有利于文化的交流:•游客或者移民都具备经济利益和价值(commercial interest and economic value);而外同人的停留时间是和东道国的合作密切相关的(The length of stay depends on the cooperation of the host society.);很多当地人因此表现得非常好客和友好,这有助于文化的交流(Many local people are very friendly and hospitable, which promote the cultural communications.);•对其他的文化和人民更为了解(a better understanding of other cultures and other peoples),改变人们对其他民族和文化的态度(alter one's attitudes towards another people or culture);人们因此可以接受不同的文化和价值观(embrace different values and cultures),可以和平共处(create motivation to coexist peacefully), 并促进对"多元文化的理解(promote multi-cultural understanding);•促进文化的融合(promote integration),消除文化障碍(remove cultural barriers), 外来人口的增加导致冲突:•违反当地的习俗会激怒当地人(breach of local customs can irritate the locals);•不同文化的人看待同一事物总有不同的角度(harbour different perceptions),并给予不同的解释(different interpretations),比如对手势、衣服、言行举止有不同的理解;举止不当会引起当地人意想不到的反应(provoke unanticipated responses); •外国游客增多会对当地环境造成压力,甚至破坏环境,而移民增多可能导致工作机会减少,致使竞争更加激烈,这些都有可能引起当地人的反感(cause resentment in local communities).Globalization is a catch-all term that refers to any activity that involves more than one country, for example, travel from one country to another. The dramatic increase in transnational travel in recent years has sparked controversy over the potential impacts of this trend on individual countriesf especially those new member states of globalization. Some people are concerned that the upsurge in new arrivals will prompt local hostility against visitors instead of promoting their understanding on mutual cultural background. This notion should be rejected as one can see many facts in favor of this development between countries.The first reason why international travels would never bring conflict is rooted in the fact that both visitors and locals are economically motivated. International travel opens up opportunities for business development throughout the world. Entrepreneurs are interested not only in the domestic market but also in the oversea market. Foreigners should learn the culture of a country before winning over the local people. In turn, locals should show their hospitality to visitors in exchange for their trust. They share a view that acceptance of each other's cultural background is a necessary condition for cooperation.Understanding a culture has other implications. Differences in social background, cultural values and religious belief might make the discrepancy of foreigners and local inhabitants on some issues indelible; however, the higher interaction, the higher level of communication and understanding. Arabians, for example, used to consider westerners as their foes. Now they have concrete relations with their western allies in many fields. In the initial stage, their divergence seemedinherent but over time, with better mutual understanding, they take the same position on many issues.Undeniably, it is likely that in some resorts, foreign visitors repel the local community with their scant regard for the local environment and conventions when they first arrive. However, it should be noted that most offense is accidental, rather than intentional. Instead, visitors disobey rules and conventions simply because they have no knowledge of them. This situation is expected to be improved with the passing of time when visitors from different countries increase their knowledge of a local culture.According to the above analysis, we can observe that the increase in the international travel should not be taken as the cause of any conflict that arises between two countries. Alternatively, one should recognize its role in improving mutual understanding between two countries.1. catch-all = all-embracing:包罗甚广的;包括一切的2. hostility=enmity=resentment:敌意,怨'恨,愤恨3. rooted in=derived from=based on:基于4. entrepreneur=tycoon=mogul=industrialist:企业家,实业家5. discrepancy=disagreement=difference=divergence:分歧,矛盾6. foe=enemy=rival:敌人,竟争对手7. concrete=tangible=solid:具体的,实际的8. overtime=in due course=sooner or later:最终,早9. resort:胜地;tourist resort:旅游胜地;holiday resort:度假胜地;beach resort:海边度假胜地;scenic spot:景观;place of interest: 旅游景点10. repel=revolt=repulse:使厌恶,憎恶11. scant=limited=scarce:缺乏的,不足的Topic2: When international media (including movies, fashion shows, advertisements and other TV programs) convey the same messages to the global audience, people argue that the expansion of international media has negative impacts on cultural diversity. What is your opinion?媒体信息一致的缺点:•国际媒体(global media)—般掌握在少数几个有实力的机构手中(in the hands of a few, large, powerful organizations);有了媒体的宣传(propaganda)后,西方文化成了主流(domineering force),大规模的、有吸引力的广告(mass seductive advertising )唤起了落后地区人们对物质新的向往(create fresh desires),经济联系增强(strong economic ties),西方产品取代了本地产品,使人们更加向往西方的文化;•文化开始融合在一起(mingle),人们被新的价值观所围绕(bombarded with new values),对自己的文化失去信心和自豪感(confidence and pride),拒绝接受自己的文化传统(rejection of their cultural heritage)转而接受西方的文化习惯(adoption of Western cultural practices);西方媒体削弱了民族的特征(ethnic identity)和社会的凝聚力(social cohesion);因为担心失去观众(a loss of viewers),当地的电视台也开始播放西方的电视节目(television shows),•国际媒体的普遍会降低世界文化的品质和多样性(degrade the quality and diversity of world culture);文化被商业化(commercialized), —些文化产品(cultural goods),如音乐、服装,都变成了商品(commodities in the marketplace)。