译林牛津版高中英语选修9教案：U3 语法
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状语从句复习(一) 时间状语从句1. when, while和as1) when的用法(1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
When the film ended, the people went back.电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。
(2) when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，在这时”，相当于and at this/that time。
I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事，突然听到叫我的名字。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate.他刚要走，有人敲门。
We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.我们刚刚入睡，突然铃声响起来了。
(3) when还可表“既然”。
Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?既然你已经有了这么好的工作，为什么还要找新的工作？2) while的用法(1) while可表“当……的时候”或“与……同时(发生) ”，while从句中的动作应该是可持续的。
They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。
(2) while表对比，意为“却，但是，然而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别。
That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.那个地区自然资源丰富，这个地区却一点也没有。
(3) while可用来表“虽然，尽管”，相当于although。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.尽管我理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你的意见。
3) as的用法表“（正当）……的时候”或“随着”。
As time passed, things seemed to get worse.随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。
4) 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。
2. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ...than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once (一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。
从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
Once she arrives, we can start.她一到，我们就可以开始。
He said h e’d phone you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你打电话。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈就哭起来。
注意：no sooner ... than ...; hardly/scarcely ... when ... 这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner 与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。
此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.= Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨了。
3. till, until和not ... until …1) till, until表“一直到……”。
主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式。
You may stay here until the rain stops.你在这里可呆到雨停。
2) till, until表“直到……才……”。
主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，主句为否定式，从句为肯定式。
I didn’t learn to drive till I was thirty three.我直到33岁才学开车。
3) till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
4) not ... until句型中的强调和倒装用法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (强调句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. (not until置于句首，主句要倒装)直到你告诉我，我才知道。
4. before和since1) before可表“还未……就……，不到……就……，……才……，趁，还没来得及”或“以防”。
before从句中谓语不用否定式。
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Put that money somewhere safe before it gets stolen.把钱放在安全的地方，以防被人偷去。
2) before的句型：It will be +时间段+ before从句。
表“多久之后才……”。
It will be some time before we know the full results.再过些时候我们才能知道全部结果。
3) since表“自从……”。
其主句多为现在完成时或现在完成进行时，从句多为一般过去时。
I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿，我往家写了四封信。
4) since的句型：It is/has been +时间段+ since从句。
若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表“自从……有多久”；若从句谓语为延续性动词，则表“自从结束/完成……起有多久”。
It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来有三年了。
It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。
5. every time, each time, next time，the first time，any time，all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
Every time I meet her I always forget her name.每次见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。
The last time I spoke to Bob he seemed happy enough.上次我根鲍勃说话的时候，他显得挺高兴。
(二) 地点状语从句1. 地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导。
You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
He would live with his grandfather anywhere she lived.不管他祖母住在哪儿，他都愿和她住在一块儿。
2. 注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做个记号。
(三) 原因状语从句1. 原因状语从句可用because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等引导。
It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday.我昨天是由于要去看我叔叔而进城的。
We could have a joint party, seeing that your birthday is the same day as mine.既然你和我的生日在同一天，我们可以一起开个生日聚会。
2. for虽然常常被翻译成“因为”，但它并不是用来说明一种原因，而是用来表示一种附带，或补充说明，或解释，或表示一种推理。
for是并列连词，所连接的句子不放在句首。
He must have done it by himself for there was no one else in the room.那事一定是他一个人干的，因为屋子里没有其他人。
(四) 目的状语从句1. in order that与so that两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that 比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句一般置于主句之后。
He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily.他画了一张这个村子的草图，以便她会容易找到他的房子。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们早早就出发去山顶了。
2. for fear that与in case这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为“以免，以防”，相当于so that...not...或in order that...not...。
