重金属联合作用

重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd在小麦中的富集特征肖昕,冯启言,刘忠伟,王华(中国矿业大学,江苏徐州221008)摘要:采用无土栽培法,以小麦为受试作物,通过对不同时期各器官重金属含量的变化,研究了重金属Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd在小麦中的富集与迁移特征。

研究结果表明,在不同生长阶段小麦不同部位中重金属的含量有很大差异,总的来说,幼苗期重金属分布为:根>茎>叶;成熟期分布为:根>茎>叶>颖壳>籽实,而Zn在颖壳中会有较大富集。

其中,根中重金属的富集系数的顺序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn;茎富集能力是Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb;叶片富集能力是Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn;颖壳富集能力是Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb;籽实的富集能力是Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb。

关键词:无土栽培;重金属污染;小麦;富集特征中图分类号:X592文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-8759(2004)03-0028-04ENRICHMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAV YMETALS(Cu、Pb、Z n、Cd)IN WHEATXIAO X in,FENG Q i-y an,LIU Zhon g-w ei,W ANG Hua(China Univ er sit y o f Minin g and T echnolo gy,Xuzhou221008,China) Abstract:W ith the test of g row in g p lant w ithout soil the enrichm ent characteristics of heav y m etals (Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd)in wheat w ere studied.T he result shows that enrichm ent of heav y m etals in different or g ans varied in different g row in g sta g e.G enerall y,content of heav y m etals in root is hi g her than in stalk,and content in stalk is hi g her than that in leaf.In adult sta g e the distribution of heav y m etals is root>stalk>leaf>crust>seed,Zn which has a hi g her content in crust.T he order of enrichm ent factors in root is Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn;Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb in stalk,Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn in leaf,Zn> Cu>Cd>Pb in crust and Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd in seed.K e y w ords:g row in g p lant w ithout soil,heav y m etal p ollution,wheat,enrichm ent characteristics1重金属复合污染研究现状污水农灌,农药、除草剂和化肥的使用,均可造成土壤的重金属的污染,而土壤一旦发生重金属污染,就可能造成重金属在植物根、茎、叶及籽粒中的大量累积,不仅严重地影响植物的生长和发育,而且还会影响到作物的产量与质量。

重金属污染土壤修复中的根际效应研究进展景文杰，全占军，韩煜，蔡譞，马俊勇*中国环境科学研究院摘要　由根际分泌物介导的根际效应表现为根际土壤中微生物种类和活性、土壤理化性质（如酶、pH 、有机质等）显著不同于非根际土壤。

根际效应受土壤类型、植物种类等影响较大，在农业生产、林业防护等领域被广泛研究，并被投入到实际应用中。

近年来，根际效应在土壤修复领域的研究取得了一定进展，但对其修复机制、影响因素等尚缺乏系统性的认识。

综述了受重金属污染土壤中根际效应的修复机制、影响因素，并提出加强修复效果的措施，以期利用根际效应提高土壤生物修复效率。

根际效应驱动根际土壤与非根际土壤中重金属的形态和分布差异显著，受土壤类型、植物功能性状、重金属性质等因素影响，土壤改良、接种外源微生物等措施可强化植物根际对重金属污染土壤的修复效果。

然而目前相关研究时间较短、规模较小，忽略了多年生植物不同生长阶段的根际效应对重金属修复效果的影响，植物生长发育周期长导致筛选特异性修复植物也存在一定的挑战。

随着根际效应在土壤修复领域研究的深入，建议展开更系统、全面、长期的指标监测研究，从而明确影响根际效应修复重金属的主次因素，同时筛选出针对不同重金属污染土壤的特异性修复植物，以便于建立土壤生物修复的植物资源库。

关键词　根际效应；重金属；土壤；根际修复中图分类号：X53 文章编号：1674-991X （2022）01-0153-08 doi ：10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210505Research progress of rhizosphere effect in the remediation ofheavy metal contaminated soilJING Wenjie, QUAN Zhanjun, HAN Yu, CAI Xuan, MA Junyong *Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesAbstract The rhizosphere effect mediated by rhizosphere exudates shows that the species and activities of microorganisms, and soil physicochemical properties such as enzymes, pH and organic matter in rhizosphere soil are significantly different from those in non-rhizosphere soil. Rhizosphere effect is greatly affected by soil types and plant species, etc., and has been widely studied and used in agricultural production and forestry protection. In recent years, some progress had been made in the research of rhizosphere effect on soil remediation, but systematic understanding of its remediation mechanism and influencing factors still needed to be further improved. In this study, the remediation mechanism and influencing factors of rhizosphere effect in heavy metal contaminated soil were reviewed and analyzed, and the measures to strengthen the remediation effect were proposed to improve the soil bioremediation efficiency by rhizosphere effect. The review indicated that the rhizosphere effects drove the significant differences in the form and distribution of heavy metals between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. Affected by soil types, plant functional traits, heavy metal properties and other factors, soil improvement and inoculation of exogenous microorganisms could enhance the remediation effect of plant rhizosphere on heavy metals contaminated soil. However, current studies were in short term and small scale, and had neglected the rhizosphere effects at different growth stages of perennial plants on heavy metal remediation, and the long cycle of plant growth and development set a challenge for screening of specific remediation plants. With the deeper study of rhizosphere effect in the field of soil remediation, it was necessary to carry out more systematic, comprehensive and long-term index monitoring researches to identify the primary and secondary factors affecting the restoration of heavy metals by rhizosphere effect. At the same time, specific remediation plants of different heavy metal contaminated soil types收稿日期：2021-09-13基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501101-3）作者简介：景文杰（1995—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事矿山生态修复根际土壤研究，*****************.cn* 责任作者：马俊勇（1991—），男，助理研究员，博士，主要从事全球气候变化生态学相关研究，*******************Vol.12，No.1环　境　工　程　技　术　学　报第 12 卷，第 1 期Jan.，2022Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2022 年 1 月景文杰，全占军，韩煜，等.重金属污染土壤修复中的根际效应研究进展[J].环境工程技术学报，2022，12（1）：153-160.JING W J,QUAN Z J,HAN Y,et al.Research progress of rhizosphere effect in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology ，2022，12（1）：153-160.were needed to be selected to facilitate the establishment of soil bioremediation plant resource bank. Key words　rhizosphere effect; heavy metal; soil; rhizoremediation根际是指植物根系与植物-微生物-土壤之间相互作用的狭窄而敏感的土壤微环境区域，其物理、化学、生物特性与原土体显著不同。