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常用英汉翻译技巧来源：英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。
1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…" 结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。
总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
如：（1）What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）(3) Indeed, the reverse is true实际情况恰好相反。
常用十大翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
1、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be?结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。
总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
如：（1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）（3）Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。
（增译名词）（4）就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
第3章翻译的技巧篇3.1 复习笔记一、翻译技巧1. 概述：翻译技巧说到底就是对语言差异的“灵巧”处理，是译者熟练而巧妙地运用各种翻译手法，完美地表达思想内容的技能，它可以在长期反复的“操作训练”中为人所掌握。
2. 基本方法：拆译、词性转译、精简、增补、倒置、反译、虚译和实译、词语褒贬翻译、被动式翻译、数字倍数翻译等。
这些翻译技巧在同一个句子中互相穿插，互为补充。
二、拆译1. 原因：中英句法不同英语：句法连绵，一个主句可以与众多的修饰词组、短语、从句共同组成；汉语：句法短促，从容不迫。
2. 从译文比较看拆译译文的语言形式必须符合译文的语言习惯。
由于中英句法不同，因此应将原文打破重组，或抽词拆译、或抽短语词组拆译，要避免“上下三十六根牙齿嚼不烂”的“翻译腔”。
原文语言中最习见最自然的表现法，在译文中也必须用译文语言中最习见最自然的表现法来翻译，例：He crashed down on a protesting chair.【生硬译文】他猛然坐到一张吱吱地发出抗议声的椅子。
【自然译文】他猛然坐到一把椅子上，椅子被压得吱吱作响。
【评析】在英文中“protesting”可以直接修饰后面的词，直翻成汉语“抗议”是行不通。
因此应展开联想，将这类词所含的内容从句中拉出来，单独加以表述。
在汉语中用拟声词表达自然生动，因此“吱吱作响”是最自然的表达。
3. 长句拆译原因：中文表述无法按照其英文句法展开。
中文最忌讳的是长长的一句话中间不带一个标点符号，非拆不可。
例：They represented a worthy beginning to the reshaping of the United Nations concept of collective effort in international and national economic development.【译文】这个宣言和行动纲领表明了一个可贵的开端，那就是在国际和国家经济发展方面，联合国提出了一个同心协力的新概念。
词性转换：在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，而有些句子由于英、汉两种语言地表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
（一）译例解析第一类：转译为动词英语和汉英比较起来，汉语中动词用的比较多，例如，在He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job (他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示佩服)句中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其它用的是过去分词(stated)，动词派生的名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和介词(for)。
汉语没有词性变化，但可以几个动词连用，因此英语中不少词类，尤其是名词、介词、形容词、副词，在汉译时往往可以考虑转译为动词。
例如：1. He came to my home for help.他来到我家，寻求帮助。
2. My admiration for him is growing more.我越来越敬佩他。
3.Unfortunately, he was also a bit bossy, a nd he wasn’t a very good listener.遗憾的是，他这个人有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。
4.The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of it properties.操作机器就需要懂得机器的某些性能。
5. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
6.He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.他不抽烟，但他爸爸却一只接一只不停地抽。
7.His mom is a good cook.他妈妈做饭很好吃。
英汉同声传译技巧与训练广东外语外贸大学副校长、高级翻译学院首任院长仲伟合1、同声传译的概念口译按工作方式分为连续(consecutive interpreting,又叫交替传译、逐步传译)和同声传译(simultaneous interpreting)。
同声传译因为与发言人同步进行翻译，无须占用会议时间而受到了会议组织者的欢迎，二次世界大战之后，流行于许多国际组织。
所谓同声传译指的是用一种语言（译入语）把另外一种语言（原语）所表达的思想内容，以与原语发言人几乎相同的速度，用口头形式表达出来的一种翻译方式。
近年来，世界很多地方称这种翻译为“会议传译”(conference interpreting)。
在大多数情况下，同声传译是通过会议设备来完成的。
译员坐在特制的口译箱里，通过耳机接听发言人的讲话内容，随即通过麦克风把原语发言人的讲话内容用译人语传达给大会的听众，听众则利用耳机选择所需要的语言频道，接受翻译服务。
与交替传译相比，同声传译具有以下优点：(1)在同声传译中，发言与翻译同时进行，不占用会议时间；(2)同声传译可以利用电子设备，在同一时间内对多种语言同时进行翻译。
(3)在大型国际会议中，译员有时可以事先得到发言稿件，早做准备，提高翻译的准确率。
因此，现在国际上的会议，百分之九十都是采用同声传译的方式进行。
同声传译又可分为以下几种情况：(1)常规同传：在翻译中，译员没有稿件，靠耳听、心想、口译来在同一时间内完成同声传译工作。
(2)视译：译员拿到讲话人的书面讲话稿，一边听讲话人的讲话、一边看稿、一边口译。
(3)耳语传译：不需要使用同传设备。
译员一边听讲话人的发言，一边与会代表耳边进行传译。
(4)同声传读：译员拿到书面译文，边听发言人念稿，边宣读译文。
同声传读需要注意发言人在宣读论文过程中增加及减少的内容，有时发言人也可能会突然脱稿进行发言。
2、同声传译的工作程序同声传译的工作程序可能简单表示为：也就是原语发言人在会议厅主席台（或会场）对着麦克风发言，同传译员则坐在特制的口译箱里通过耳机接听原语信息，同时用目的语言准确传达原语信息，通过麦克风把信息传达出去。
一、分析下列句子译文, 简单说明其中运用了所学过的哪些翻译方法和技巧？（要作简要说明）。
1) I had the fortune to meet you.真幸运能遇见你。
/ 能遇见你，我感到非常幸运。
名词“fortune”转译为汉语副词“幸运”2）Have you any idea where he lives?你知道他住哪儿吗？名词“idea”转译为汉语动词“知道”3）Peter proved to be an excellent storyteller.彼得讲故事讲得非常好。
名词“storyteller”转译为汉语动词“讲故事”4）We realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy. 我们已认识到有必要不断地使某些经济领域工业化。
动名词“growing”转译为汉语副词“不断地”5）They did their best to help the poor.他们尽其所能去帮助穷人。
形容词“poor”转译为汉语名词“穷人”6）She was eloquent and elegant– but soft.她口才甚佳，举止文雅而又不失温柔。
形容词“eloquent”、”elegant”分别转译为汉语名词“口才甚佳”和“举止文雅”7）They were suspicious and resentful of him.他们怀疑他，憎恨他。
形容词“suspicious”、”resentful”分别转译为汉语动词“怀疑”和“憎恨”8）Generally speaking, neither gold nor stone is soluble in water.总之，水是不能溶解金子和石头的。
/ 水不能溶解金子和石头。
形容词“soluble”转译为汉语动词“溶解”或表语“soluble”转译为汉语谓语。
英汉互译实用教程(一)英汉互译实用教程1. 简介该教程旨在帮助读者掌握英汉互译的实用技巧和方法，以便更准确地进行翻译工作。
2. 基本原则在进行英汉互译时，我们需要遵守以下几个基本原则：•准确性：翻译应尽量准确传达原文的含义。
•通顺性：翻译应符合目标语言的表达习惯，通顺易懂。
•简洁性：尽量使用简洁明了的语言表达，避免冗长复杂的句子结构。
•场景适应性：根据不同的场景和目的，采用相应的翻译方式。
3. 实用技巧在进行英汉互译时，可采用以下实用技巧来提高翻译质量：•词汇对应：寻找准确的词汇对应关系，确保翻译准确。
•短语搭配：注意短语的搭配习惯，避免直译。
•语法结构：理解并掌握英语和汉语的语法结构，确保句子通顺。
•上下文理解：通过上下文理解原文的意思，以便更好地进行翻译。
•文化差异：考虑文化差异对翻译的影响，尽量做到意译。
4. 实例演练下面是一些实例演练，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和掌握英汉互译的实用技巧：1.英文句子：“The cat is on the table.” - 翻译成中文：“猫在桌子上。
”2.中文句子：“这是我的手机。
” - 翻译成英文：“This is my cell phone.”3.英文短语：“It’s raining cats and dogs.” -翻译成中文：“下大雨了。
”4.中文短语：“明天见。
” - 翻译成英文：“See youtomorrow.”5. 注意事项在进行英汉互译时，需注意以下几个事项：•专有名词：对于专有名词，应保持与原文一致。
•文化差异：根据不同的文化背景，适当进行意译，以便更好地传达信息。
•翻译细节：注意细节的处理，如时态、人称、单复数等。
6. 总结通过本教程的学习，读者可以掌握英汉互译的实用技巧和方法，提高翻译准确性和表达流畅度。
在实践中不断积累经验，不断提升翻译能力，才能成为一名出色的创作者。
希望本教程能帮助到您，在英汉互译的道路上取得更好的成绩！7. 深度学习在提高英汉互译能力的过程中，深度学习是一个重要的方向。
1.他在工厂工作。
2.他正在开机器。
3.他正在学英语。
4.船正向东行驶。
5.齿轮转动灵活。
6.我的表不走了。
7.螺丝松了。
8.这些方法会有效吗？9.酵母已开始发酵。
10.电子计算机计算得又快又准。
1.索姆斯跟她握了一下手就下楼去了。
2.他一生从来没有读过一本书，……写的字还像学童的手笔。
3.这无异是想使时钟的指针向后倒传。
4.罕特先生突然破了产，工厂的所有职工都被解雇了。
1.他喜欢数学基于喜欢物理。
2.在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃像金子一般在闪闪发光。
3.英雄识英雄。
（英雄所见略同）4.相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。
（同极相斥、异极相吸）1.他是最后来的。
2.他决不会干那件事。
3.他最不配干这个工作。
4.怎么也不该怪他。
5.根本不宜找他商量。
6.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
1.助听器靠电池供电。
2.医生为病人施行肿瘤切除手术。
3.边防部队不得不与入侵者展开战争。
1.如果用上石膏模子的老办法,得很长时间骨头才能愈合,同时由于肌肉不能活动,还会造成残废的后果。
误译：因为石膏模子旧了，得很长时间骨头才能愈合，由于肌肉不活动的结果，影响成了残废。
应译：如果用上石膏模子的老办法，得很长时间骨头才能愈合，同时肌肉不能活动，还会造成残废的后果。
2.这种风俗起源于别的国家。
（这种风俗在别的国家也有它的春天）3.他的母亲死于难产。
4.美国人以为，对外政策有如一部西部电影，骑士会在节骨眼上出马，用优势火力对付敌手，而这些敌手往往都是另一个民族。
5.误译:开电梯的这位姑娘挤在旅客中间读书. 应译：开电梯的女孩在没有乘客的时候读书。
6.不要一意孤行.否则, 你会遭到失败的.词义的褒贬２.论褒贬，即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度。
任何语言都有语体之分，有高雅的，通俗的，粗野的，还有俚语，公文用语及术语等。
文学作品中，作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征，更是常用的方法。
翻译时，必须审其雅俗，量其轻重，这样，才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。
・99・ 哈尔滨职业技术学院学报 2012年第4期 J o urna l of Ha rbi n Vo c a t i ona l & T e c h ni c a l C ol l e ge一、引言根据教育部的要求，全国高职高专院校每年须组织学生参加“高等学校英语应用能力考试”（P ra ct i ca l English Test for Colleges ）。
在此项考试中，英汉翻译是不可小觑的一部分。
根据高等学校英语应用能力考试大纲，英译汉翻译占总分的20%，并测试考生将英语正确译成汉语的能力。
因此，有必要掌握基本的翻译技巧，提高考生的翻译水平和语言应用能力。
本文结合历年考试真题，探讨英译汉常用的技巧。
由于英语和汉语为非亲属语言，两者的语法结构和表达方式存在较大的差异性，这也形成了翻译的主要障碍。
要消除源语（英语）与译入语（汉语）的差异，就要有必要的翻译技巧来进行变通。
本文将探讨翻译时常用的技巧：词义推断、词类转变、主被动互换、省略、正反表达和语序调整等。
二、笔译技巧（一）词义推断在英语里一词多义的现象很常见，其具体的意思应该根据上下文做出推断，而不能断章取义。
[原文]We would like to invite your comments on our performance and to learn from your experiences.（2008年6月B 级真题[1]）[参考译文]我们希望请您对我们的表现进行评价，也希望从您的经历当中学习。
“p e r f o r m a n c e ”是一个多义词。
根据《英汉大词典》，“performance ”有以下几种定义：“1.进行；施行。
2.履行；执行；完成。
3.工作情况；表现；工作性能。
4.事情；成绩；作品。
5.演出；表演；展出。
6.行为。
7.语言表现；言语行为”[2]。
此处到底译成哪种意思，应该联系上下文来看。
不少考生在翻译这题时，将其错译成“演出”。
《英汉翻译》练习题（1）夜大06英语本科1. Diction in translation 词义的选择Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of context.1. This war is becoming the most important story of his generation.2. It is quite another story now.3. Some reporters who were not included in the sessions broke the story.4. He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.5. The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.6. A young man came to Scott’s office with a story.7. Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story.8. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV.9. Tell me the story of what happened to you.10. The story of the opera was printed in the program.Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of collocation11. a fast car12. the fast growth13. fast music14. a fast journey15. fast color16. a fast film17. a fast oven18. fast asleep19. break one’s fast by drinking some milk20. stick fast in the mud2. Amplification in Translation 增译法21.A book，tight shut，is but a block of paper．22.Success is often just an idea away．23.Nothing happened in the night．24.Away flies the arrow!25.Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain: ThePrince and the Pauper)26.She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast.27.processingpreparationtensionbackwardnessoxidationcorrectnessdependence28.Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall whenthere is plenty of nutritious food available.29.To make sure that my parents understood, I declared that I wanted nothing else.30.All roads lead to Rome.31. Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.32. Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.33. A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive.34. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon)35. This is true of nations as it is of individuals.36. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.37. “Nothing but a pony?" My father asked.“Nothing，”I said.38. How shall l do it?”“Just as you wish.”39. The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.40. I am in charge of the depot, only I. People will hold me responsible but not you.41. More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially.42. Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.43. For mistakes had been made, bad ones.44. As a result, a few token meetings were being set up through Foggy Bottom, themore-than-ever appropriate nickname for the Department of State.45. Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.46. Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.47. Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back.48. I could knit when I was seven.49. The United States has now set up a loneliness industry.50. The blond boy quickly crossed himself.51. You must come back before nine. Period!52. Don’t take it seriously. It’s only a joke.53. As I snooze she talks – of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, dress, men, other women.54. Target priorities were established there.55. But there had been too much publicity about my case.56. I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing．57. It was a bright September afternoon and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men．3. Proper omission 省译58. The earth moves round the sun.59. The horse is a useful animal.60. Any home appliance must be handled with care whether it is a TV set, a VCR or a microwave oven.61. We do translation exercises twice a week.62. How do you like the film?63. The rocket engine carries with it the oxygen of its own.64. We have made much progress in pronunciation.65. Trees grow along both banks of the canal.66. Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country.67. If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first one the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.68. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.69. The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.70. If your TV set does not work properly, you’d be tter not have it fixed. Just buy a new one.71. He is keeping his bed.72. All the fellows gathered around, stretching their necks like geese.73. Why do we feel cooler when we fan ourselves?74. That dishonest boy is not at all ill. He is alive and kicking in the swimming pool. We all saw him.75. It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the film came into being.76. It requires patience to do the job.77. It is true that he went there.78. He took it upon himself to pay off the debt.79. It is easy to learn English, but it is difficult to attain perfection in it.80. It is quite still in the laboratory.81. It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.82. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?83. I can finish the work so long as you give me time.84. No matter whether you believe me or not, I saw it with my own eyes.85. There must be some people in the room, for I heard a voice.86. Let us go and try it again.87. He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much.88. When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.89. On the platform I could see a Negro who was working at the pump.90. In most cases the soil near the surface is merely damp and is not completely saturated with water.91. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.92. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.93. He ordered a Gibson (吉布森鸡尾酒，一种由杜松子酒或伏特加酒与苦艾酒混合而成的酒) and shouldered his way in between two other men at the bar.94. What is the shortest possible way to China Hotel?95. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.96. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me.97. UNICEF would be in a position to meet more of the vast unsatisfied needs of children and young people if more resources were made available to it.98. A motion has been made for a separate vote on paragraph 4 of the draft resolution which appears in paragraph 11 of the report.99. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. 100. China is also a country of people with a passionate love of flowers and trees and intense dedication to the welfare of children and to the work ethic.101. Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.102. The late Mrs. Achson had passed to her Maker somewhere about 1930.103. The crowd was pushing harder. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly they could not move in any direction.4. Conversion of Word Types 词类转译104. His drawing of children is exceptionally good.105. Talking with his son，the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrongdoings．106. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.107. He admires the President‘s stated decision to fight for the job.108. Rationing by points is over and rationing by purse is in.109. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.110. I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.111. The thought that she would be separated from her husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.112. The presence of the Indians here at the time of Columbus’ arrival was sufficient proof of it.113. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.114.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.115. What kind of sailor are you?116."Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.117. South Africa has refused to heed the legitimate appeal of the United Nations for co-operation.118.…that we here highly resolve …, that this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.119. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 120. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.121.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.122.That day he was up before sunrise.123.Wisely, you made no attempt to have these problems discussed by the GeneralAssembly, believing that they should be dealt with elsewhere.124.Formality has always characterized their relationship.125.To them, he personified the absolute power.126.Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 127.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant ----but soft.128.It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union.129.The image must be dimensionally correct.130.The paper said editorially that McMillan has stolen the western leadership during Dulles’ absence.131. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.132.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 133.She has beauty still, and, if it is not in its heyday, it is not yet in its autumn.134. The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and quick computations. 135. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.136.He had the honor to attend the People’s Congress.137.Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence?5. The extension of word sense 词义引申138. They both agreed in calling him an “old screw”, which means a “very stingy” avaricious person. He never gives any money to anybody, they said.139. Her concentration became so short that she couldn’t comprehend the article she normally breezed through in professional journals.140.The following week was family conference, something I dreaded. This was the day the dirty laundry got hung out to air in a private session between parent, child andcounselor.141. But she expected us to fire her! The way she gloated—I’ve got to crack down on her. 142. It is money you love, and not the man; and were Cleo and his footman to change places, you know, you poor rogue, who would have the benefit of your allegiance. 143. Clearly, when it comes to marriage,practicing bef orehand doesn’t make perfect. 144.A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled nature as a last refug e from encroaching technology.145.But after six years of a stormy marriage, Cewe decided to end it. She didn’t want her son to grow up thinking that kind of relationship was normal.146.Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing fromVenice.147.The seasons came and went and they revolved around Joshua.148.Though a translation may be like old wine in new bottles or a woman in man’s clothing, the results can be both tasteful and alive.149.I hope to avoid straying on the one hand into the sands of foreign policy, and on the other into the marshes of international law.150.How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart?151.Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.152.His chances of getting into Harvard are one out of a hundred.153.Alongside or not far from the lavish residents and tall modern buildings of the well-heeled were the poverty-crammed hovels and mud-floor mat sheds.154.He stepped right in after them, like it or not. He was determined that nothing should keep him from a chance of enlightenment.155.In order to get a large amount of water power we need a large pressure and a large current.156.A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusions. 157.In older cranes that have already paired off, dancing reinforces the union—it’s a sort of annual renewal of “vows”.158.Almost all men have been taught to call life a passage and themselves the travelers. 159.The history teacher told us that making an outline kills two birds with one stone, it makes us study the lesson till we understand it, and it gives us notes to review before the test.160.You will get no word from him. He’s a regular oyster.161.He had clean hands during this ten years’ government.162.Don’t put your finger into another’s pie.163.When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.”164.There is much woman about him.165.When Jean graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.166.He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life or death.167.That does not worry me as much as that sullen look, as thou gh she’s going to get out a razor.6. Negation 同义反译/视角转换法168.Mattie’s hand was underneath, and Ethan kept his clasp on it a moment longer than necessary.169.riot police170.crisis law171.spy film172.No prisoners!173.After you, sir.174.“Ha d you ever seen the man before?”“No, I hadn't. He was a total stranger. ”175.Please tender exact fare.176.Keep in lane!177.Keep off the lawn!178.I couldn’t agree more with you.179.Just make yourself at home.180. “Where’s your brother?” “He’s still in bed.”181.I lay awake almost the whole night.182.Did I get your name right?183.Washington must do something about that man, and soon.184.He was the last man to say such things.185.They are non-local laborers in Beijing.186.She won’t go away until you promise to help her.187.Only three customers remained in the bar.188.We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.189.Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?190.I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.191.We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.192.I’ll be here for good this time.193.Wait, he is serious.194.Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!195.Isn’t it funny!196. “You will try to tide me over, won’t you?”“Won’t I!”197.If all three of you take part in it, there can be no further questioning of your courage. 198.I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word.199.When Stephen was in troduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read yourarticle. We expected to meet an older man.”200.It is a good workman that never blunders.201.Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. 202.In a little town such things cannot be done without remark.203.The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.204.You cannot praise the play too highly.205.I don't think we have asked for anything that they haven't done.206.The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.207.That’s a thing that might happen to any man.208.This book is a fool to that both in plot and execution.209.He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.210.His speech leaves much to be desired.211.John was a fool for danger.puters may eventually be able to learn by using such senses as smell, touch and taste. But will computers become smarter than people? That is anybody’s guess. 213.I gave you credit for being more sensible.214.Please withhold the document for the time being.215.Appearances are deceptive.216.While she liked his work, she pointed out areas where improvement was possible.217.Good winner, good loser.218.I won’t keep you waiting long.219.The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted.220.He drove slowly down the hill, his elbows resting on the wheel, his chin cupped in his hands。
语篇翻译语篇翻译一、出题形式1.以一篇短文的形式出现:3个：英译汉2个：汉译英2.考纲要求考查对中西文化差异的了解；对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用；对句子结构、语法知识的掌握对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。
二、考查重点1、各类重要句型结构（定语从句等）2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）、3、重点词的用法及习惯表达、4、主要语法规则及其运用等5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等）。
三、解题指导1.通读短文，了解大意。
2.分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态3.调序、润色。
4.切不可逐字逐句地翻译四、翻译技巧指导：（易错点、难点）1.连词的翻译and : 和、与（1）Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends.露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。
(不可省）（2）Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing.（3）The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.太阳是明亮的，和天空是干净的。
(X)（4）He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.（5）However ,they worry about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly. （6）他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。
注：解题策略英语中连词用得多，汉语中连词用得少。
英译汉时，有些连词可以省译。
汉译英，要适当增加连词，成文连贯。
如：Though it isn’t like a table, I like it very much.虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。
❝翻译方法和技巧（六）❝英汉互译中的增词法和减词法❝根据上下文的意思，逻辑关系，句法特点和表达习惯增加原文中没有出现但是实际包含的词，或者减少原文中虽出现但译文表达用不着的词。
❝翻译的增词法和减词法是一个事物的互为补充的两个方面，如果汉译英要加词，那么英译汉就要减词。
❝一、增词法-增词不增意❝增词法：這種方式多半用在漢译英里。
漢語無主句較多，而英語句子一般都要有语法主語，所以在翻譯汉語无主句的時候，除了少數可用英語无主句、被動語态或”There be…”結构來翻譯以外，一般都要根语語境補出主語，使句子完整。
❝英漢兩種語言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。
例如，英語中代詞使用頻率較高，凡說到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有关的事物時，必須在前面加上物主代詞。
因此，在漢譯英時需要增補物主代詞，而在英譯漢時又需要根據情況這當地刪減。
❝英語詞与詞、詞組与詞組以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用連詞來表示，而漢語則往往通過上下文和語序來表示這種关系。
因此，在漢譯英時常常需要增補連詞。
❝你来我就走❝I will leave if/as you come.❝ 1.英汉互译中最常见的增减词就是范畴词（方面、方式、问题、程度、情况之类的词）❝在下个世纪，很多国家将出现技术匮乏现象。
❝There will be a skill shortage in many countries in the next century.❝许多人主张采取强有力的措施镇压走私活动❝Many advocated strong action to crack down the smuggling.❝ 2.原文中一些不言而明需要根据上下文的情况和用法加上去。
❝You were, you are, and you remain to be the consumers of our products.❝你们永远是我的客户。
❝你们过去是，现在是，将来仍然是我们的客户。
My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice (one of his favorite words) and by identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children (all four of whom have advanced degrees). In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were “going nowhere.”我父亲是一名中产阶级黑人。
尽管他出身贫穷，但是他通过勤奋、牺牲（他的口头禅之一）和恪守中产阶级价值观念其主要内容包括：努力工作，注重家庭生活，拥有财产，让孩子接受良好教育(现在他的四个孩子都拥有硕士以上学位），取得了中产阶级社会地位。
并且在我父亲看来，与其说这些是价值观念倒不如说它们是自然法则。
在父亲的价值观认同上，履行这些价值观念的人构成了他积极效仿的正面形象；他批评的反面形象则大部分来自于底层黑人，因为他们在社会中碌碌无为。
Whether I live up to these values or not, I know that my acceptance of them is the result of lifelong conditioning. I know also that I share this conditioning with middle-class people of all races and that I can no more easily be free of it than I canbe free of my race. For the middle-class black, conditioned by these values from birth, the sense of meaning they provide is as immutable as the color of his skin.无论我自己是否践行这些价值观念，可是我知道我对它们的接受是长期熏陶教育的结果。
英汉翻译技巧练习IPart I An Overall Introduction of Translation SkillsI 英汉两种语言对比1．所属语系与发展历史英语－印欧语系汉语－汉藏语系2．语音3．语言的本质英语－综合性语言汉语－分析性语言4．句法现象II 英汉两种文化差异1．同一民族中亦存在文化差异：蛤蟆naughty 叩手点心2．英汉文化间的差异a.思想观念、心理特征龙—dragon 鹤—craneb.表达方式、审美情趣“愤怒出诗人”—“止怒莫若诗”“十里蛙声不断，九溪曲流潺潺”—“You can hear frog’s continuous crying in ten miles and can enjoy the babbling of the winding streams.”3．对文化词语和表达的处理文化词语，指的是充满汉语文化个性和特殊内涵的语言。
a.直译法丢脸—to lose face/ to be disgraced纸老虎—paper tiger/ scarecrow骑虎难下—to ride a tiger/ in chancery猫哭老鼠—cats crying for the death of rats/ to shed crocodile tearsb.直译加补充信息法下海铁饭碗跳槽父母官待业青年酒囊饭袋清明节c.释义法望子成龙和番金三角两手抓，两手都要硬d.同（近）义表达借用法得寸进尺—Give him an inch, and he’ll take an ell.好聚好散—Merry meet, merry part.贪多嚼不烂—to bite off more than one can chew皇天不负有心人—Heaven helps those who help themselves.水中捞月—to fish in the air象只落汤鸡—like a drowned rate.回译法忍者神龟—Ninja Turtles画王电视—big screen Panasonic米字旗—Union Jack flag中国菜馆—chopsuey houseIII 常见错误及解决方法1.不要生搬硬套汉语构词模式车、毛、鱼、核、皮、桌2.False friends （假朋友）休息室—restroom药店—drugstore白手—white-handed食言—eat one’s words茶叶店—tea-shop蛇皮袋—snake skin bag3.隐含意义的分析倔强：intractable, mulish statesman, politician他们热情照顾残疾客人。
They took good care of disabled guests.我这位朋友很健谈。
My friend is very talkative.VI 解释性翻译镶补，减肥，重组Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays—《天演论》Honeymoon—蜜月者，西人娶妇时，即挟其游历，经月而返。
《黑奴吁天录》Uncle Tom’s CabinCashmere—御长裙，仙仙然描画不能肖。
《茶花女》V 参考字典1．《英汉大词典》陆谷孙主编上海译文出版社2．《汉英大辞典》吴光华主编上海交通大学出版社Part II Translation Practice一、准确理解词义：I 根据上下文辩明词义：Work:1. He is working in the factory.2. He is working a machine.3. He is working at English.4. The ship is working eastward.5. The gears work smoothly.6. My watch doesn’t work.7. The screw worked loose.8. Will these methods work?9. The yeast has begun to work.10. Electric computers work quickly and accurately.Hand:1. S oams shook her hand and went downstairs.2. H e never read a book in his life and still writes a schoolboy hand.3. I t would be like trying to make the hands of clock move backwards to its ticking.4. M r. Hunter suddenly failed, and all hands in the mill were turned off. Like:1. He likes maths more than physics.2. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains ofdust shining like gold.3. Like knows like.4. Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.Last:1. He is the last man to come.2. He is the last man to do it.3. He is the last person for such a job.4. He should be the last (man) to blame.5. He is the last man to consult.6. This is the last place where I expected to meet you.Operate:1. The hearing aids are operated from batteries.2. The doctor operated on the patient for a tumor.3. The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders.1. With old plaster-casting, the bone takes longer to knit and cripplingeffects from muscle inactivity result.2. The custom had its spring in another country.3. His mother died of difficult labour.4. The Americans had viewed foreign policy as if it were a westernmovie in which the cavalry appeared at the climacteric moment to use superior firepower on opponents who were usually of anther race.5. The elevator girl reads books between passengers.6. Don’t do your own thing, or you will meet with failure.II. 词义的褒贬：☉词义有轻重的不同：打破：break, crack, crush, demolish, destroy, shatter, smash闪光：shine, glitter, glare, sparkle☉词义有范围大小与侧重点不同：agriculture, farming, cultivation, agronomycountry, nation, land, state, powerempty (house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words, etc.)vacant (position, room, house, seat, etc.)hollow (tree, voice, sound, cheeks, etc.)☉词义有感情色彩与语体色彩“死”to expire, to pass away, to close (end) one’s day, to breathe one’s lastto go west, to pay the debt of nature to depart to the world of shadows to give up the ghost, to kick the bucket, to kick up one’s heelsto lay down one’s knife and fork“怀孕”1. She is having a baby.2. She is in a family way.3. She is knitting little booties.4. She is in a delicate condition.5. She is in an interesting condition.☉词义的两面性：1. The enemy’s scheme went bankrupt.We’ve worked out a perfect scheme.2. He is an aggressive and promising young man.Japan is an aggressive country.3. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentlemen by saying he wasthe most courageous man he had ever seen.Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.III 词语搭配：Kill:1. He killed the man.2. He killed the dog.3. He killed time everyday down at the park.4. He killed his chances of success.5. He killed the motion when it came from the committee.6. He killed himself by overwork.7. He killed the spirit of the group.8. He killed three bottles of whisky in a week.Kill the peace (promise, friendship, a marriage)Heavy:Rain clouds crops frost wine news road sea heart fire smoker bread wire load storm traffic readerBroken:A broken man (soldier, promise, spirit)broken money (English)IV. 词义的引申：☉词义作抽象引申：1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in his nature.2. Every life has its roses and thorns.3. She sailed into the room,4. We must keep our powder dry.5. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.☉词义作具体引申：1. Do you see any green in my eye?2. The battlefield became something holy. It was not touched.3. The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing.4. We Zanziber would like to build a coloured society where all mencan have equal opportunity.5. What aids there were to enlighten labor were immemorial.二、词类转译：I 转译成动词：1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.2. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgive r of the young man’spast wrong doings.3. Some of my classmates are good singers.4. They worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dimlamps.5. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up thesteps, across the veranda, and into the porch.6. What is he at?7. John voted with the Tories.8. He is a man above vulgar interests.9. Peter drew his knife on the robber.10. It looks as if we are in for a storm.11. If a man couldn’t walk into a room and tell who was for him andwho was against him, then he wasn’t much of a politician.12. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.13. He proved himself worthy of confidence.14. He is not very familiar with biological terms.15. Are you doubtful of his success?16. Some infectious diseases are responsible for diseases of the heartvalves.II 转译成名词：1. Formality has always characterized their relationship.2. To them, he personified the absolute power.3. Those who huddled pitifully together on the left were t he old, theinfirm, the ill and the very young.4. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.5. The Wilde family were religious.6. They were considered insincere.III 转译成形容词：1. It’s the truth.2. Such news was no jokes.3. We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy.4. Gases differ from solid in that the former has greater compressibilitythan the latter.5. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him thenecessary help.6. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.7. The sun rose thinly from the sea.IV 其他转译：1. He then acted as a reluctant interpreter.2. He had the kindness to show me the way.3. This is a sheer nonsense.4. Buckley was in a clear minority.5. The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of comingto visit the city poor.6. He is physically weak but mentally sound.三、增词：persuasion preparation backwardness tension arrogance madness antagonism1. The crowds melted away.2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.3. He sank down with his face in his hands.4. Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.5. To wash before meal. To wash after getting up. To wash beforegoing to bed.6. First you borrow, then you beg.7. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.8. He is a complicated man—moody, mercurial, with a melancholystreak.9. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared hisown son guilty.10. Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.11. The lion is the king of animals.12. All the rules of the military discipline must be strictly observed.13. Once they had a quarrel.14. Herb gave her a sly look.四、重复：great contributions gratitude ingratitude prosperity eternal glory to vivid hesitate arrogance grotesque careless in chaos street gossip rumours1. China is the cradle of ancient and modern cultures.2. Wood can not conduct electricity, nor can glass.3. You can do translation work very well, if you care to.4. Grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar with the structure of English.5. We shall need to apply our scientific and technological resources to literally every aspect of our society, to our commerce, our industry, our medicine, our transportation.五、正反译法：1. He knew he was mortally ill.2. The first bombs missed the target.3. Such a chance was denied me.4. We can safely say so.5. His refusal is not final.6. This failure is the making of him.7. We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.8. He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.9. My guess is as good as yours.10. The decision is to come.11. Don’t lose time in posting this letter.12. The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.13. He saw at once that Phil was not all right.14. The conclusion we reached in Britain is that change simply cannotsensibly be put off.15. Let bygones be bygones.16. Haste makes waste.17. Be careful! Mind my right arm!18. She told me, as I departed, that she’d hate to be in my position.19. Cease-fires in the Mideast have an unhappy habit of becoming unstuck.20. He told us of his success with undisguised delight.21. Dancing in public with a lot of country girls! I’m surprised that you could even think of it.22. Washington must do something about the situation, and soon.六、被动态的译法：1. Today this treasury of silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is noeffective drainage system.2. Yet the Nile has been changed by modern man in ways not yet fullyunderstood.3. In case of non-delivery, letters must be returned to the senders.4. The collection of poems has been translated into many foreignlanguages.5. Visitors are requested to leave their coats in the cloak-room.6. Liars are not believed even when they tell the truth.7. He was policed by bosses’ cops.8. It is generally accepted that matter is in constant motion and inconstant change.9. As rain fell in the Ethiopian highlands and the snow melted in theMountains of the Moon, the river was everlastingly renewed.10. North Adelaide, which is chiefly residential, is bordered by moreparklands, and contains two open squares.11. N and S Adelaide are divided by the Torrens River, spanned byfour bridges and lined with ornamental gardens.12. The town hall’s foundation stone was laid in 1863.七、定语从句的译法：I 译成定语词组：1. The incubation period is the time that elapses between the entranceof the microorganism and the manifestation of the disease.2. The people who worked for him live in mortal scare of him.3. Each day we make decisions that affect our lives and sometimes, thelives of others.4. Brindley had begun on his account, out of interest, to survey thewaterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines.II 译成并列句1. The nervous system consists of a great number of nerves, which likethe blood vessels extend to all parts of the body.2. He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed upto 200 pounds each.3. Isabel was a tall girl with the oval face, a straight nose, fine eyes andfull mouth that appeared to be characteristics of the family.4. The grammar schools legally could only teach the classical subjectsfor which they had been founded.5. …and the old ways of earning a living rivaled by new agriculturaltechniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power.6. And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans.7. This hope was nurtured by the great victories won by Genghis Khan's grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian.III 溶合法1. There are many people who want to see the film.2. There is a sense in which morality and expedience need not conflict.3. There are events taking place at this time which dim their hopes andlessen the prospects.IV 译成状语从句1. He would have to be very careful not to offend the foreman, whocould give him the sack at any time.2. The task, which seemed to be difficult, was already accomplished intime.3. He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.4. Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them tokeep alive their families.5. There was something original, independent, and heroic about theplan that pleased all of them.6. Zhou Enlai arranged for experts from Beijing University to give BillMorrow some up-to-date information he wanted.八、长句的翻译：可调整语序、调整长度1. Here at home in England, under the fire of the Boche, we do notforget the ties and links that unite us to France, and we are persevering steadfastly and in good heart in the cause of European freedom and fair dealing for the common people of all countries, for which, with you, we drew the sword.原序2. The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at anaverage of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982.3. If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two thereyou will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.变序4. The Westerner who developed a farm, opened a shop, or set up inbusiness as a trader, could hope to prosper only as his own community prospered—and his community ran from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down to Mexico.5. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes foroutstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals.6. Although experienced diplomats do not often share the popularskepticism about international law, there is a danger that the popular attitude may affect inexperienced officials and pressure groups within a state, and that the state may, as a result, be pushed into breaking international law.拆句7. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as bythe company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.8. In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks thisweek, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences.9.It all began in the mid-1850s, when Lowe’s experiments withballoons led him to believe in the existence of an upper stream of air that moved in an easterly direction, no matter what direction the lower currents flowed.并句10. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to cause flash-flooding. Every child raised in the West know about these dangers. At least that’s what Iused to think. I’m not so sure anymore.九、习语的译法：I 英汉成语比较：☉比喻不同1. Just like the mushroom.2. Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.3. Look for a needle in a haystack.4. Like a rat in a hole.5. No smoke without fire.6. A good conscience is a soft pillow.7. Neither fish nor fowl.8. You cannot make a crab walk straight.☉风俗习惯不同1. Dog tired2. To dog one’s steps3. Top dog4. Lucky dog5. As faithful as a dog6. Love me, love my dog7. Every dog has its day8. A surly dog9. That/this dirty dag10. He is in the doghouse.11. He was a bit of a dog in his younger days ☉历史背景不同1. To know the ropes2. To tide over3. To sink or swim4. To go with the stream5. To clear the decks6. All at sea7. Plain sailing8. To rest one’s oars9. To keep one’s head above water10. Blow hot and cold11. Love is blind.12. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.II 英汉习语对译☉直译1. Golden age2. To pack like sardines3. Sour grapes4. A gentlemen’s agreement5. An olive branch6. The Trojan horse7. The heel of Archilles8. The sword of Damocles9. To show one’s card10. To turn over a new leaf11. He laughs best who laughs last.12. Necessity is the mother of invention.13. We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.14. Barking dogs do not bite.15. A rolling stone gathers no moss.☉借用1. Burn one’s boats2. Walls have ears3. Go through fire and water4. Man proposes, God disposes.5. Fish in the troubled waters6. Constant dropping wears the stone.7. A thorn in the flesh8. Facts speak louder than words.9. A flash in the pan10. Have one foot in the grave11. At the end of one’s rope12. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.13. To laugh off one’s head14. To spend money like water15. Six of one and half a dozen of another☉意译1. To have other fish to fry2. To rain cats and dogs3. Have a bee in one’s bonnet4. Hit the nail on the head5. But the die was cast, he could not go back.6. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can dowhat she likes.7. Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girlfelt like a fish out of water.8. They don’t invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket.☉注释To carry coals to Newcastle☉注意事项：缩略，多义，风格，褒贬，民族文化色彩，假朋友十、英语专业词的翻译：I 词义选择：Column pupil cellFeed:1. She feeds the cow with the bran.2. This motor can feed several machines.3. We use the pump to feed fresh water into the boiler.4. They use mechanical stokers to feed coal into the furnace.5. We can feed the oil into the bearing in several ways.6. Tool carriage supports and feeds the cutting tools over the work. Money:1. Money bill2. Money corporation3. Money dealer4. Money flow5. Money market6. Money order7. Money position8. Money termsFinance (Financial):1. Finance bill2. Finance charge3. Finance house4. Finance officer5. Financial executive6. Financier7. Financial statistics8. Financial committee9. Financial Adjustment10. Financial policyII 译名的统一：III 新词语的译法：音译，意译，音义兼译，象译，创造新词。
