车辆工程毕业设计4BJ1090汽车驱动桥设计

I 摘 要

本次设计的题目是BJ1090汽车驱动桥设计。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、半轴及桥壳四部分组成，其基本功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩，将转矩分配给左、右车轮，并使左、右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动学所要求的差速功能；此外，还要承受作用于路面和车架或车厢之间的铅垂力、纵向力和横向力。

BJ1090汽车是重型载货汽车，要保证足够的离地间隙，满足汽车的通过性，同时需要满足较大的传动比，本文首先确定驱动桥的总体结构，在分析驱动桥各部分结构型式，及其以往形式的优缺点的基础上，确定了总体设计方案：采用整体式驱动桥，主减速器的减速型式采用双级减速器，主减速器齿轮采用螺旋锥齿轮，差速器采用普通对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器，半轴型式采用全浮式，桥壳采用铸造整体式桥壳。在本次设计中， 主要完成了双级减速器、圆锥行星齿轮差速器、全浮式半轴、桥壳的设计工作。

关键词： 驱动桥；主减速器；全浮式半轴；桥壳；

II

ABSTRACT

The object of the design is The Design for Driving Axle of Heavy Truck. Driving

Axle is consisted of Main Decelerator, Differential Mechanism, Half Shaft and Axle

Housing. The basic function of Driving Axle is to increase the torque transmitted by Drive

Shaft or directly transmitted by Gearbox, then distributes it to left and right wheel, and make

these two wheels have the differential function which is required in Automobile Driving

Kinematics; besides, the Driving Axle must also stand the lead hangs down strength, the

longitudinal force and the transverse force acted on the road surface, the frame or the

compartment lead.

BJ1090 cars are heavy duty truck, to ensure the adequate ground clearance, meet the

car by sex, at the same time need to meet large transmission ratio, the configuration of the

Driving Axle is introduced in the thesis at first. On the basis of the analysis of the structure

and the developing process of Driving Axle, the design adopted the Integral Driving Axle,

Double Reduction Gear for Main Decelerator’s deceleration form, Spiral Bevel Gear for

Main Decelerator’s gear, Full Floating for Axle and Casting Integral Axle Housing for Axle

Housing. In the design, we accomplished the design for Double Reduction Gear, tapered

Planetary Gear Differential Mechanism, Full Floating Axle and Axle Housing.

Key words: Driving Axle; Main Decelerator; Full floating axle; Axle Housing; Differential

Mechani

i

目 录

摘 要 .......................................................................................................................... I

Abstract ..................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第1章 绪 论 ............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 设计题目主要参数 ...................................................................................... 1

1.2 驱动桥的结构及其种类 .............................................................................. 1

1.2.1 汽车车桥的种类 ................................................................................. 1

1.2.2 驱动桥的种类及其结构组成 ............................................................. 1

1.2.3 驱动桥结构组成 ................................................................................. 2

1.3 设计主要内容 .............................................................................................. 6

第2章 设计方案的确定 ........................................................................................... 8

2.1 主减速比的计算 .......................................................................................... 8

2.2 主减速器结构方案的确定 .......................................................................... 8

2.3 差速器的选择 .............................................................................................. 9

2.4 半轴型式的确定 .......................................................................................... 9

2.5 桥壳型式的确定 ........................................................................................ 10

2.6 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 10

第3章 主减速器的基本参数选择与设计 ............................................................. 11

3.1 主减速齿轮计算载荷的计算 .................................................................... 11

3.2 主减速器齿轮参数的选择 ........................................................................ 12

3.3 主减速器螺旋锥齿轮的几何尺寸计算与强度计算 ................................ 12

3.3.1 主减速器螺旋锥齿轮的几何尺寸计算 ........................................... 12

3.3.2 主减速器螺旋锥齿轮的强度计算 ................................................... 14

3.4 主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理 ................................................................ 17

3.5 主减速器轴承的计算 ................................................................................ 18

3.6 主减速器的润滑 ........................................................................................ 21

3.7 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 21

第4章 差速器设计 ................................................................................................. 22

4.1 前言 ............................................................................................................ 22