人教版高中英语[必修三]重点题型巩固练习 宾语从句和表语从句
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宾语从句和表语从句概念引入She doesn’t know (that) her father is seriously ill. 她不知道她父亲病得很严重。
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?你可以告诉我怎么去火车站吗?The problem is when they can get there. 问题是他们什么时候能到那儿。
The problem is whether we can replace her. 问题是我们能否替换她。
看到宾语从句四个字,你一定想“我学过了”,那么从上面4个句子中,你能够很容易地判断出前两个句子含有宾语从句,而后两个句子的黑体词部分就是表语从句了吧?本单元我们就从复习宾语从句开始,开始对名词性从句中的位置很相似的这两个从句进行一下小结吧。
语法讲解认识名词性从句1. 名词能作什么成分研究下面这个简单的句子:Lily, my sister, is a good girl, and she likes music.主语同位语系动词表语主语谓语宾语分析:此句是and连接的一个并列句,含有两个小句子,and前的句子的结构是“主系表”结构,and后是“主谓宾”结构。
其中主语、表语、宾语和同位语都是名词或名词词组(如a good girl)充当的,当然主语she是代词,而代词是用来代替名词,从而避免重复的词。
换句话说,名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
2. 名词性从句的定义:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
现在,再次研究“概念引入”中的句子,你对名词性从句有了很清晰的认识了吧?3. 判断下面的名词性从句(划线部分)是什么从句。
宾语从句和表语从句用法归纳宾语从句和表语从句是名词性从句的重要组成部分,也是高考的重点。
今天我们先谈谈这两种从句。
一、宾语从句I. 宾语从句的引导词引导宾语从句的词有:连词that, if, whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which;连接副词when, where, how, why等。
(1)连词that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分,也无任何意义,可以省略;其它带有疑问意义的连接词则不能省略。
如:I know (that) he is a good teacher.He doesn’t know who first discover-ed America.(2)whether与if①二者都有“是否”的意思,一般可以换用,但在介词之后,不定式之前,与or not连用时,只能用whether。
如:It all depends on whether they will support us.She stood in the doorway, unable to decide whether to go in.②引导否定的宾语从句时只能用if。
如:I wonder if he won’t hurt the feeling of his girlfriend.③另外引导主语从句(放在句首)、表语从句、同位语从句时,也只能用whether,不能用if。
(3)what在宾语从句中,引导词what具有两种含义:①保留疑问,即“什么”的意义;②相当于“all / everything that”,常译成“……的(东西或事)”。
II. 宾语从句注意事项(1)宾语从句无论用哪种连接词来引导,语序都必须用陈述语序,尽管有时有疑问意义。
如:Do you know when the lesson will begin?(2)要注意主、从句时态的一致和相应变化。
如:①当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可根据说话人的需要选择适当的时态。
名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词: that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词: when, where, how, why一、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
句子结构:主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句1. 由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时, that 在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时 ,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。
例如:I realize( that )I'm in charge and that everybody accepts my leadership.We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should )+ 动词原形”。
例如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once司.令员命令部队马上出发。
2.用 who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever,等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
Section ⅢGrammar——宾语从句和表语从句[语境自主领悟]一、名词性从句的连接词1.that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
We learnt from his letter (that)he would come to Shanghai soon.从他的信中我们了解到他不久会来上海。
[名师点津]宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略;①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省;②在动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略。
He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that you were asked not to care about it.他说你太年轻,还无法理解这件事情,你也不要去管它。
We think it important that every citizen should obey the traffic rules.我们认为每个市民都应该遵守交通规则是很重要的。
[即时训练1]单句改错①He said he would give up the chance and he would try hard to look for another one.在and后加that②We found it strange no one would take the money.在strange后加that2.whether或if引导的宾语从句whether或if引导宾语从句时,在句中不充当成分,但是含“是否”之意,从句要用陈述语序。
I wonder whether/if we'll finish the task on time.我不知道我们能否按时完成这项任务。
I'll see whether/if I can advise him to accept it.我要看看我是否能劝他接受。
宾语从句和表语从句详解名词性从句指的是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句。
这种从句可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
各种名词性从句的结构都是相同的,即由if, whether, that和各种疑问词充当连接词,后接陈述语序。
例如:What they are doing seems very important.(主语从句)他们在做的事似乎很重要。
My hope is that he will be the best student in the class.(表语从句)我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生。
Nobody knows who he is.(宾语从句)大家都不知道他是谁。
I don't like the idea that money is everything.(同位语从句)我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点。
引导名词性从句的连接词中,除了that,if和whether之外其它的都作从句中的一个成分。
【宾语从句】在句子中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的词有连词that,whether, if;连接代词who, which, what以及其强调形式 whoever, whichever,whatever;连接副词 when, where, why, how等。
例如:Do you know where the Greens live?I have no interest in how rich he is.宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构:1.由that引导的宾语从句(that 引导宾语从句时,特别是在口语中可省略)The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.that引导的宾语从句多用于say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine,wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain,order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request,require, propose, declare, report等后。
Section_ⅢGrammar—宾语从句和表语从句语法图解探究发现①Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.②It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.③I wonder, Mr.Adams,if you'd mind us asking a few questions.④I didn't know whether I could survive until morning.⑤That's why we've given you the letter.⑥It looks as if it is going to rain.[我的发现](1)以上6个句子中的黑体部分都是主句中的从句,这些从句在词性上相当于一个名词,故被称作名词性从句。
(2)①②③④中的黑体部分属于宾语从句。
(3)⑤⑥中的黑体部分属于表语从句。
一、名词性从句1.概念:在主从复合句中,相当于名词的从句被称为名词性从句。
2.分类:名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
3.连接词4.注意事项(1)名词性从句要用陈述语序;(2)主从句的时态要基本呼应,有时需用虚拟语气;(3)注意某些连接词的特殊用法(见后)。
[即时演练1]用适当的连接词填空①I am proud of what I did. But I was just helping to do what he should do.②I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.③Could you tell me how I could apply for the scholarship?④Do you know who won the game?⑤You may depend on it that I shall keep my word.⑥China is no longer what she used to be.二、宾语从句1.概念:在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句,叫作宾语从句。
人教版高中英语[必修三]重点题型巩固练习宾语从句和表语从句精品文档用心整理人教版高中英语必修三知识点梳理重点题型(常考知识点)巩固练习巩固练习选择适当的引导词1. You’ll have to decide _______ car we’ll use, yours or mine.(which/whose)2. You’ll have to decide _______ car we’ll use, the old one or the new one. (which/whose)3. You’ll have to decide _______ we’ll use the new carfor .(what/which) 4. You’ll have to decide _______ we’ll use the new car. (whether/what) 5. I believe _______ he said is true. (what/which)6. Make sure_______ the door is licked before you leave the lab.(that/which) 7. I wonder ______ it is true or not. (whether/which)8. She doesn’t know _______ she should stay at home. (whether/that) 用所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。
1. After a careful examination, Doctor Johnson asked me what I ______ (have)for the breakfast.2. The voyage proved that the earth ______ (be) round.3. Our teacher suggested he ______ (hand in) his homework before class.4. The teacher demanded that we ______ (go) home before hand in theexercise books. 5. I insisted that Tom _______ (do) the work at once. 6. �CMy father will be here tomorrow. 7. �C Oh, I thought that he _____ (come ) today. 8. Have you decided when you _____ (leave) Canada?9. I really don’t know when she _____(come).If she ______ (come), I will tell you at once. 10. He said he ______ (come) if he had time. 完成句子1. Jill was ill. That was ___________________________(她为什么没来上课). (fail)2. We have not lost the hope __________________________(他总有一天会出现). (turn)3. The question is _____________________________(这本小说是否值得一读). (worth) 4. ______________________________(谁会去参加会议) is a question.(attend) 5. I have no idea ______________________(我们如何开始这项工作). (start)6. I find it difficult _________________________(任务应该被完成) in two days. (fulfill)7. It was suggested ___________________________(推迟会议). (put)8. The professor gave us a report on _________________________(我们如何学好英语). (learn)资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理9. ________________________(玛丽将嫁给约翰) is certain. (marry)10. I am wondering ____________________________(我的室友去哪里了). (go) 单项填空1.― I flew to New York for the talk show on TV last week.― Is that ______you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where 2. I ask her _____ come with me.A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 3. It was a matter of _______ would take the position. A. whoB. whoever C. whom D. whomever 4. Can you tell me ________?A. who is that gentleman is B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 5. Can you tell me ________ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 7. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me. A. what;that B. that;that C. what;what D. that;what 8. I am sure ________ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what9.You can’t imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited10. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless. A. for B. because C. since D. that11. What impresses me most is _________ he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and c harming smile.A. whichB. thatC. where C. that whenever12. Our school is no longer ____ it was 10 years ago, _____ it was not well equipped. A.what, which A.whereB.that , whichC.what, when C.howD.that, where D.who13. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait to her mother.B.what14. The reason Beethoven went away to the country is ______. A.that he was gradually going deaf资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理B.because he was gradually going deafC.on account of the fact that he was gradually going deaf D.since he was gradually going deaf15. We students got lost in the forest and decided to remain ____we were and waited for the guide A.whereB.whatC.howD.who16. If you feel tired and sick of fat food , that is _______ you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination. A.why B.whenC.whether D.whatC.whyD.what17. The question is ______ we can help him out of the trouble A.that B.how A.why B.where A.whatever occasions. A.whatgoal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why22. (2021 山东高考) It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was likefor slaves in the ancient world.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. why 23. ―How about campingthis weekend, just for a change? ―OK, _______ you want.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever24. (2021 北京朝阳区期末) We must find out _________ Karl is coming, so wecan book a room for him.A. whenB. howC. whereD. why 25. ―Can we geteverything ready by the weekend?―It all depends on _______ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation. A. that B. what C. whether D. if答案与解析选择适当的引导词1.whose2. which3. what4. whether5. what6. that7. whether8.Whether 用所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。