外贸英语00043

外贸人，学外贸英语常用缩写：英语函电的语气-使语气自然的方法(1) 使用交谈式语言，尽量避免业务术语。

不用：Re your letter of the 21st inst. , in connection with our account, we are remitting our check herewith, as per your request, in the amount of $100.00.而用：As requested in your letter of the 21th June, we are enclosing our check for $100.00.(2) 在保持交谈式语句简明特点的同时，又要避免俚语或结构欠佳的语句。

不用：Hello,This is Charles Fonda. I'm writing about the contract. Mr. Wu asked us to explain the new clause.而用：We received a letter from Mr.Wu today asking us to explain the new clause in the contract.(3) 使用读者词汇量围以的词语。

有许多专门术语对普通读者来讲是不能理解的。

因此，如果你觉得你的读者可能不明白，那就要加以解释，但是要巧妙，万万不得使用以恩人自居的语气。

请比较下列两段中哪一段的词汇水平适当，而且解释得体。

a. In addition to the cash dividend, the Board of Directors of this Corporation has decided to award common shareholders a stock dividend. One hundred fifty thousand shares will be distributed pro rata. Since you own three hundred shares, you will receive three additional shares as your stock dividend.b. Each year we declare cash dividends. Cash dividends are sums of money which the Board of Directors of this Corporation distributes to every shareholder of common stock. This year, in addition to the cash dividend, the Board of Directors has decided to declare a stock dividend. A stock dividend is like a cash dividend except that payment is in shares instead of cash.c. In addition to the cash dividend, the Board of directors of this Corporation has decided to declare a stock dividend to holders of common stock. One hundred fifty thousand shares will be distributed pro rata. This means that each stockholder will receiveone additional share for each one hundred shares that he or she owns. Since you own three hundred shares, you will receive three additional shares as your stock dividend.英语函电的语气-恰当语气的特点一封商业函电的语气反映了笔者对待读者的态度。

外贸常用英语缩写词汇
以下是一些外贸常用的英语缩写词汇，这些缩写词汇在国际贸易和商业交流中非常常见，了解它们将有助于更好地理解和参与外贸活动。

1.L/C：信用证
2.D/A：承兑交单
3.D/P：付款交单
4.FOB：离岸价
5.CIF：到岸价
6.CFR：成本加运费
7.DP：付款交单
8.DA：承兑交单
9.T/T：电汇
10.B/L：提单
11.S/C：销售确认书
12.P/L：装箱单
13.O/A：空运
14.C/O：产地证
15.M/T：信汇
16.PCT：百分比
17.W.P.A：水渍险
18.W.T.P：战争险
19.C.I.F：成本加保险费加运费
20.F.O.B：装运港船上交货
21.U.C.P：跟单信用证统一惯例
22.S/D：即期汇票
23.D/D：汇票承兑
24.A/P：委托购买
25.A/R：全险
26.T/A：贸易协会
27.B/D：银行汇票
28.E/D：出口许可证
29.E/O：原产地证明书
30.G/A：一般授权委托人
31.I/P：保险人
32.L/G：伦敦保险业协会条款
33.T/T Reimbursement：电汇索偿
34.C/N: 货物通知单
35.B/L: 提单
36.C/O: 产地证明书
37.S/R: 销售确认书
38.P/L: 装箱单。

外贸英语常用单词及缩写外贸英语常用单词及缩写包括：B/L - Bill of Lading 提单CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight 到岸价D/A - Document Against Acceptance 承兑交单D/P - Document Against Payment 付款交单FOB - Free On Board 离岸价L/C - Letter of Credit 信用证T/T - Telegraphic Transfer 电汇C.O.D. - Cash On Delivery 货到付款S/H - Sight Draft 即期汇票S/O - Shipping Order 装货单W/A - Warehouse Acceptance 仓单W/P - Warehouse Receipt 仓单B/D - Bank Draft 银行汇票D/D - Demand Draft 商业汇票I/C - Insurance Coverage 保险凭证M/V - Merchant Vessel 商船T/A - Telegraphic Transfer at Sight 即期电汇UCP - Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 国际商会跟单信用证统一惯例CIFC - Cost, Insurance, Freight and Commission 到岸价加佣金FOBL - Free on Board Liner Terms 班轮条件装运FOBST - Free on Board Stowed and Trimmed 包括理舱费和平舱费的装运FOBSTL - Free on Board Stowed, Trimmed and Landed 包括平舱费和搬运费在内的装运LCL - Less than Container Load 不够装一集装箱的货物LDP - Landing Duty Payable 到岸价格需付税费SCFAS - Scattered Container Full Container as Shipper 多拼箱货运输SCFCS - Scattered Container Full Container Carrier as Consignee 分拼箱货运输SCFSS - Scattered Container Full Container Shipper as Consignee 分拼箱货运输SCFVS - Scattered Container Full Vessel as Consignee 分拼箱货运输SCFVS- Scattered Container Full Vessel Shipper as Consignee 分拼箱货运输CFS - Container Freight Station 集装箱货运站CFS-CFS-CFT-CFTS - Clearance for Transfer, Clearance for Forwarding, Customs Manifest Transfer, Customs ForwardingManifest Transfer 通关转关、货运转关、报关单转关、运单转关。

贸易方式词汇stocks 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions随行就市unfair competition不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts三角债freight forwarder货运代理trade consultation贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment分批装运restraint of trade贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements)区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade转口贸易tariff barrier关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade)技术性贸易壁垒贸易伙伴术语trade partner贸易伙伴manufacturer制造商，制造厂middleman中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman零售商merchant商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier承运人consignee 收货人进出口贸易词汇commerce, trade, trading贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade对外贸易，外贸import, importation进口importer 进口商export, exportation出口exporter 出口商import licence进口许口证export licence出口许口证commercial transaction买卖，交易inquiry询盘delivery交货order 订货make a complete entry正式 /完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading提单marine bills of lading海运提单shipping order托运单blank endorsed空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation清关customs clearance 结关国际贸易英语词汇集锦一贸易价格术语trade term / price term价格术语world / international market price国际市场价格FOB (free on board)离岸价C&F (cost and freight)成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight)到岸价freight运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge进口附加税import variable duties进口差价税commission 佣金return commission回佣，回扣price including commission含佣价net price 净价wholesale price 批发价discount / allowance折扣retail price零售价spot price 现货价格current price现行价格/ 时价indicative price参考价格customs valuation海关估价price list价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语All Risks一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average)平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average)水渍险War Risk战争险F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage)淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor串味险Risk of Rust锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO (World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际货币基金组织CTG (Council for Trade in Goods)货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association)欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area)东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade)中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)关贸总协定商务合同英译应注意的问题(2)二、慎重处理合同的关键细目实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。

外贸实用英语和纺织英语词汇一、 Quotation价model 型号QTY(quantity)数量PCS(pieces) 个数CTNS(cartons) 箱数mean 平均的mean time平均NW KGS(net weight kilograms)重〔公斤〕GW KGS(general weight kilograms)毛重〔公斤〕PCS/CTN(pieces per carton)个数/箱CBM is short for cubic meter立方米Unit price价Per 每句子：Please countersign by return,I want to make a summary of what I have done and what I want to do.I want to summarize what I have done and what I have to do.二、 Transportation运输词汇B/L 〔提〕 is short for bill of lading.Consignee on B/L(收人)，Notify party on B/L(收人代理) Consignor, 托运人，人Freight运Form⋯to ⋯从⋯到⋯Port港口Port of destination目的港Port of shipment装运港：Xingang, Tianjin.Port of discharge卸港：New YorkRenting boat and confirming shipping space租船定三、 Price Terms价格FOB Xinggang, free on board, Tianjin.离岸价CIF is short for cost, insurance and freight.In addition to cost and freight of CFR,the seller is obliged to pay the insurance of the goods.主运费已付CNF〔CFR〕本钱加运费四、 Terms of payment付款方式Remittance 〔汇付〕 : T/T电汇T/T( 电汇 ) is short for telegraphic transfer.LC (Letter of credit)信用证Sight L/C即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Bank slip银行水单Deposit 定金Eg: 1, our terms of payment are by letter of credit by draft at sight.2, since the total amount is so big and the monetary market is so instable, we can’t accept any terms of payment other than letter of credit..3, we suggest that you reduce your order by half.4, could you possibly effect the shipment (send out the shipment)more promptly?5, the shipment will be effected within 1 week on receipt of your letter of credit.6, we are prepared to accept payment by D/P at sight as a special accommodation.7, please double check it,I hope I haven ’t made a mistake.8、30% T/T paid in advance, and the 70% of the balance should be paid before theshipment.五、 Contract销售合同词汇Settlement account结算账户Payer account number付款人账号Commodity/goods:商品、货物Quantity数量Packing包装Production period生产期Insurance保险Shipment date装运期：before the 12 th day of NovemberTotal value of the contract合同总额: say US dollars one hundred dollars only.六、国际贸易单证词汇LC 信用证Sales contract销售合同Commercial invoice商业发票Packing list箱单BL 提单Certificate of Origin原产地证明Insurance Policy保险单Inspection Certificate商检证书Spare part list配件单Shipping advice装运通知Port of discharge卸货港Port of shipment装运港Place of delivery交货地点Destination目的地ETD 〔Estimated time of departure〕预计离港时间ETA (Estimated time of arrival) 预计到港时间Delay V.延迟七、纺织类词汇1、产品里料： lining面料： fabric平纹：plain/taffeta 斜纹：twill / drill缎面：satin春亚纺： pongee格子：check/ ribstop 条子：stripe双层：double-layer 双色：two-tone高士宝：koshibo雪纺：chiffon 乔其：georgette塔丝隆：taslon弹力布：spandex/elastic/stretch/ lycra 牛仔布：jean牛津布：oxford帆布：cambric涤棉： T/C; P/C涤捻： T/R白条纺：white stripe黑条纺：black stripe空齿纺：empty stripe水洗绒 /桃皮绒：peach skin卡丹绒：peach twill透明硬纱：organza 玻璃纱：organdy绒布：flannelette2、面料整理染色 dyeing固色 color fixing 切割 cut涂层 coating烫金 gold print 磨毛 brushed起皱 crinkled3、产品原料棉 C：cotton羊毛 W：wool马海毛： mohair 兔毛： rabbit hair 真丝： silk亚麻： linen涤纶： polyester 4、产品颜色防霉 anti-fungus防水 water proof (W/P)缩水 water shrinkage (W/S)抗静电anti-static抗起球anti-pilling印花 printing提花：jacquard烂花：burnt-out莫代尔： model腈纶： acrylic尼龙： nylon全拉伸丝： FDY (full drawn yarn)拉伸变形丝： DTY(drawn textured yarn)奶白 cream黄色yellow 大红 red卡其kahki紫色burgundy/ plum/ violet/淡紫色lilac purple棕色 brown 紫红 wine/ bordeaux玫红fuschia 绿色 green橄榄绿olive 灰色 grey天蓝sky blue海蓝 navy blue 湖蓝色 lake blue 淡蓝色 light blue 粉红 pink 橘色驼色特黑炭黑orangecamelblackcharcoal米色beige 5、产品包装卷杆 rolling散装 loose packing 编织袋 PP bag纸箱 carton木箱 wooden case吊牌 label唛头 shipping mark 船样 shipping sample 塑料袋 poly/plastic bag 匹长 roll length门幅 width克重 weight毛重 G.W./ gross weight 净重 N.W./ net weight 集装箱 container总重量 total weight6、产品质量问题疵点经柳断经急经粗经断纬纬斜defectstreaky warpbroken endright endcoarse endbroken pickskewing slope破洞污迹渗色褪色擦伤折痕holestain/ dirtcolor bleedingcolor fadingscratch/ winch markcrease mark7、其他打样lab dips寄送send检查check确认confirm验货inspection 附件中enclosed。

银行英语：出口信贷 export credit出口津贴 export subsidy商品倾销 dumping外汇倾销 exchange dumping优惠关税 special preferences保税仓库 bonded warehouse贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制 import quotas自由贸易区 free trade zone对外贸易值 value of foreign trade国际贸易值 value of international trade普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇 most-favored nationtreatment-MFNT-------------------价格条件----------------------价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight单价 price 码头费wharfage总值 total value 卸货费landing charges金额 amount 关税customs duty净价 net price 印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice国际市场价格 world(International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight--------------------交货条件----------------------交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter舱位shipping space 油轮tanker报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account一月份装船 shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船 shipment not later thanJan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间）分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots在......(时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments立即装运 immediate shipments即期装运 prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船 partial shipment notallowed partial shipment not permittedpartial shipment not unacceptable---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价) offer发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------指示性价格 price indication速复 reply immediately参考价 reference price习惯做法 usual practice交易磋商 business negotiation不受约束 without engagement业务洽谈 business discussion限**复 subject to reply **限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here**有效期限 time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同sales contract购货确认书 purchase confirmation销售确认书 sales confirmation一般交易条件 general terms andconditions以未售出为准 subject to prior sale需经卖方确认 subject to sellersconfirmation需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation------------------贸易方式------------------------INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade（又叫：往返贸易） counter trade 来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理 sole agency; sole agent;exclusive agency;exclusive agent-------------------品质条件-----------------------品质 quality 原样 original sample规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample说明 description 对等样品countersample标准 standard type 参考样品reference sample商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance货号 article No. 花色（搭配）assortment样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus代表性样品 representative sample大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality--------------------商检仲裁-----------------------索赔 claim 争议disputes罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity重量检验证书 inspection certificate ofweight (quantity)**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书 inspectioncertificate---------------------数量条件-----------------------个数 number 净重 net weight容积 capacity 毛作净gross for net体积 volume 皮重 tare毛重 gross weight溢短装条款 more or less clause-----------------------外汇-------------------------外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币 foreign currency 法定升值revaluation汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货hard currency直接标价 direct quotation 软通货soft currency间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价gold standard买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀inflation卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率fixed rate金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system国际货币基金 international monetary fund黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuation银行交易bank book/pass book存折open an account开户earn interest赚取利息savings account储蓄存款帐户current account活期存款帐户check/cheque account支票帐户deposit account定期存款帐户annual interest rate年利率monthly savings account按月计息帐户daily interest account按天计息帐户instant account速成户头 service charge服务费/手续费signature card签名卡 draw/withdraw 提款 order check/cheque记名支票 rubbercheck/cheque空头支票blank check/cheque空白支票 exchange rate汇率denomination=facevalue面额 four in hundred四张一百元面额give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额bill钞票 change零钱cash现金 password/code密码amount in figures小写金额 amount in words 大写金额credit card信用卡 the balance of your bank account帐户余额traveler’s check/chque 旅行支票 coin硬币penny便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币dime（美、加）的十分硬币 unit 货币单位value/worth面值 ounce盎司1/16磅commercial/merchant bank商业银行 full refund 全额偿还extension延期 overdraw/overdraft透支rebate回扣 payday发薪日pay slip/envelop薪水单 mortgage抵押expense account公款支付帐户a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款apply for/grant_______a loan申请/批准贷款debt债务 collateral担保物fill out/in填写chquebook/checkbook支票簿loan贷款 joint account联名帐户by installment分期付款cashier收银员teller银行职员 statement对帐单money order汇票 accountant会计 A.T.M自动取款机（M0）money in circulation 流通中的现金（M1） narrow money 狭义货币（M2） broad money 广义货币a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting system 会计系统All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission中国证监会China's "Big Four" commercial banks中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission 佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost and freightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红dead account 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery 交货Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system 实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average) 平安险F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees－for－tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically－modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨Inquiry 询盘Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy 劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities 经营活动order 订货outstanding of deposits 存款余额Owner's equity 所有者权益partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision－making by state－owned enterprises 提高企业自主权public relations department公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the market order 整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies国有股减持restraint of trade 贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险sales terms and conditions销售条件Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro -regulatory functions 加强govern宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the first majority shareholder 第一大股东the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的bull market: 牛市，多头市场bear market :熊市，空头市场股息，红利 dividend or bonus stock国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macro-control优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改善经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment发展过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分 price increase arededucted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance ofpayments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式 FORMs of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义\*\*\*思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economicconstruction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to thesocialist road, to Communist Party leadership,to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reFORM and opening.改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

江苏省高等教育自学考试2020年10月考试日程表
说明：1.部分专业考试计划中设置了不考外语的换考课程，为避免外语课程和其换考课程重复报考，请应考者详细查看各专业考试计划后选择报考。

2.部分专业考试计划中安排了“实践”、“含实践”课程、专业综合技能考核或毕业论文（设计），请考生于每次报名期间到网上报名系统查询考核时间和办法，并按照要求报考。

3.“00018计算机应用基础”课程，全省不统一组织考试。

考生凡获得全国计算机等级考试一级及以上证书者，或获得全国计算机应用技术证书考试（NIT）《计算机操作基础》模块和其他任一模块（共两个模块）证书者，可免考“00018计算机应用基础”课程（包括理论和实践两个部分）。