福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案学习资料

福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案一本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greekscholar Plato.pounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8.All utterances take the form of sentences.9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change itspart of speech.10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.(1.5*10=15)1.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ____.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords2.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ____.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and ____ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate5.____ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and back vowel are called ____ vowels.A. openB. closeC. frontD. central7、______ is defined as a conscious process of accumulatingknowledge of a second language usually obtained in schoolsettings.A. CompetenceB. PerformanceC. LearningD. Acquisition8、______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmaticstudy of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken9. A ______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what thespeaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally callen______A. morphemeB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammaticalIII. Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. though _______________ _______ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222. speeches _________________ _____ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-223. geography ___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-224、morpheme___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-225、syntactic___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22IV. Define the following terms. (5*6=30)1. the telegraphic stage考核知识点：language acquisition，参见P482. language考核知识点：language ，参见P33. discreteness考核知识点：discreteness参见P94. vowel考核知识点：vowel，参见P145. internal structure考核知识点：internal structure，参见P22V. Answer the following questions. (15*2=30)1. Why do we say language is arbitrary?考核知识点：arbitrary，参见P5参考答案要点：Arbitrariness in narrow sense refers to the lack of physical，logical or natural connection(i．e．the inexplicability of the relationship)between individual linguistic symbols and the meanings they symbolize．We know people use linguistic symbols which are originally meaningless to refer to something meaningful．There is no physical，’logical or natural connection between the symbolic signs used in language and the meaning they stand for．It is inexplicable．We can’t explain why the English people use‘'water'’to refer to the stuff in this bottle．Similarly,we can’t explain why the Chinese people use“水”to refer to the stuff．So language is arbitrary in nature．2. What’s the difference between langue and parole?考核知识点：langue and parole，参见P3-10参考答案要点：Language is full ofvarieties：no two speakers speak in an identical manner；no two speakers have an identical learning experience．Language consists in its varieties，that is to say,language isrealized through its varieties(cp．the relation．between fruit and apple，between phoneme and allophones and phones and between langue and parole．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案二本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)1、Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language..2、Language is not only linearly-structured.3、Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon and also a context-dependent behavior.4、General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories,5、descriptions, models and methods applicable are not in any linguistic study.6、Some languages are not superior to other languages.7、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8、 Not all utterances take the form of sentences.9、Morphemes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.10、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morphe.参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 T F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)1.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use参考答案B2.The pair of words "lend"and "borrow"are ___.A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms参考答案B3. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of theBritish scholar .A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones参考答案D4. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural参考答案D5. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but thecontent of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.A.Broca"s aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke"s aphasic参考答案D6.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say "night" as "light".Thisshows: .A.They cannot pronounce/n/B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mothertongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds参考答案B7.. A word with several meanings is called __word.A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple参考答案A8.. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn"t it?"is __.rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative参考答案B9. The most recognizable differences between American English and BritishEnglish are in __ and vocabulary.ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure参考答案C10. __deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics参考答案AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. phonetics考核知识点：phonetics，参见P122. phoneme考核知识点：phoneme，参见P163. stress考核知识点：stress，参见P174.reference考核知识点：reference，参见P355. idiolect考核知识点：idiolect，参见P41Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. How, in your opinion, does pragmatics differ from semantics?考核知识点：pragmatics and semantics，参见P28-35参考答案要点：Pragmatics is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts．Semantics is the science of meaning．Semantics is concemed t11 encoding and decoding of meaning，(finding out how people encode their meaning and how people try to interpret their meaning)，identifying and classifying meanings，lexical meaning，sentential meaning，and utterance 2. What’s the difference between sense and reference?考核知识点：sense and reference，参见P35参考答案要点：There are two different meanings of meaning：sense(the meaning that relates linguistic forms with what is in the non．1inguistic world)and reference(the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves，i．e．how the meanings are divided by the different linguistic forms／how different linguistic forms may be used to express meanings)．3. Explain language production with some examples.考核知识点：language production，参见P51参考答案要点：Language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension for the following reasons：the way thoughts are turned into speech(We don’t know how thoughts are turned intospeech．)；indirect approach through analyzing errors in speech production(We can only use this indirect approach to infer from these errors how we producespeech．)Following Carroll’s model of speech production,there are four stages：construction of thought to be expressed(You must have something in your mind to be expressed)，formation ofthought into linguistic forms(When you have some thought,you should turn it into linguistic forms)，construction of a motor command for the utterance(You need to prepare the command for the speech organs to speak)，execution ofthat motor command(You’re actually saying what you want to say)．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案三本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)11.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.12.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.13.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 14.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.16.Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physicalpoint of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.17.In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity arerelatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in its articulatory movements.18.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere inthe vocal tract.19.Stress may play different functions in different languages.20.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word.参考答案1-5 F T F T F 6-10 F F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)3.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ______.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords4.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ______ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ______.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and ______ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate6.______ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Language has that distinguish it from other semiotic systemsused by humans and animals.A. functionB. design featuresC. importanceD. performance7. the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflowfor speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung8. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phonemehave to be similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem9. morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaningof the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative10. According to , language determines the framework of speaker’sperception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryC. Use theoryD. Speech Acts theory 参考答案1-5 C A D A B 6-10 B D AB AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. pragmatics考核知识点：pragmatics，参见P352. semantics考核知识点：semantics，参见P283. phonology考核知识点：phonology，参见P154. linguistics考核知识点：linguistics，参见P105. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P22Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. What is psycholinguistics?考核知识点：psycholinguistics，参见P48参考答案要点：Psycholinguistics is the study of the relation between language and mind，especially language acquisition and learning，and language comprehension and production．2. What’s the difference between free morpheme and bound morpheme?考核知识点：free morpheme and bound morpheme，参见P20参考答案要点：Morpheme may also be classified according to their role in word formation．Inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme that shows the inflectional changes of the wordand that expresses a certain grammatical meaning．Most of inflectional morphemes in English arerealized through their allomorphs，e．g．{past tense}-->一ed,一d，…An inflectional morpheme doesnot change the grammatical class ofthe word，e．g．{change)change is a verb，and{change)+{pasttense)is still a verb．Derivational morpheme is a morpheme that is added to a word to forma new word．Derivational morpheme may be a bound morpheme such as affixes，but it may also be a freemorpheme such as those used to form a compound．There are six key terms used in derivational3. Explain pidgin and creole with some examples.考核知识点：pidgin and creole，参见P43参考答案要点：Pidgin refers to a kind of lingua franca which is also known as“marginal language”．It has areduced grammatical structure，lexicon and stylistic range and has no native speakers．Theformation of a pidgin usually involves two or more speech communities and requiresconsiderable motivation on the part of the speaker．Pidgin usually flourishes in areas of economic development and of substantial trading among different speech communities．Pidgin English used in trading among the English and the Chinese in Shanghai in the old days．Pidgin English used in Asia in trading includes elements from Malay,Chinese and Portuguese．Creole refers to the pidgin which has developed from a mixture oflanguages and expanded in its vocabulary,grammar and stylistic range，which has acquired its own native speakers and assumed an equal or similar status ofanyhumannatural language．。

福师1203考试批次⾼级英语（⼀）复习题及参考答案福师1203考试批次《⾼级英语（⼀）》复习题及参考答案⼀本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之⽤，有问题请到课程论坛提问。

I. Vocabulary 20%1.（1%）The use of the pesticide had been banned in the United States, but the falcons were eating migratory birds from other places where DDT was still used.[A] authorized [B] developed [C] disseminated [D] prohibited2. The beauty of the scene filled us with enchantment.[A] imaginative ability [B] nostalgia [C] delightful influence [D] dignity3. I heard the soft-voiced Mrs. Flowers and the textured voice of my grandmother merging and melting.[A] sweet [B] rough [C] gently [D] sharp4. In 1940 the Democrats nominated Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term.[A] unimportant [B] unheard of [C] unjustified [D] unhampered5. His strength is incredible-- certainly great enough to enable him to take a man in his hands and wrench his head off.[A] impossible [B] unbelievable [C] probable [D] imaginable6. I heard the soft-voiced Mrs. Flowers and the textured voice of my grandmother merging and melting.[A] carrying away [B] blending together [C] fading away [D] dying down7. These aren’t idle questions. Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking.[A] lazy [B] casual [C] serious [D] interesting8. I’m skeptical of the winnings of the team.[A] respectful to [B] doubtful about [C] accustomed to [D] pleased at9. Imagine my bewilderment when I heard the news.[A] anger [B] annoyance [C] puzzlement [D] disagreement10. Changing the world gradually depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion and democratic decision making.[A] exciting [B] convincing [C] exaggerating [D] annoying11.The approaching deadline gave impetus to the investigation.A. impulseB. effort C help D. speed12.At first glance, this course is far from inviting.A glare B. sight C. see D. stare13.These aren't idle questions.A.puzzleB. meaninglessC. lazyD. useful14.One of the guides grabbed me by the arm.A. seized B mastered C. seen D. posed15.How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women?A．remove B. get rid of C kill D. disappear16.How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women?A.biasB. disadvantageC. shortcomingD. handicap17.It was hot, with all the stale accumulated heat of summer concentrated in that autumn day.A.badB. distastefulC. unfreshD. odorous18.He made himself understood as much by the gestures of his hands as by his fluid English.A.floodB. poorC. accentD. fluent19."it is astonishing" said Kitty.A.surprisingB. pleasing C helping D. blowing20.This strategy also has ancient antecedents.A.experience B ancestor C. forefather D.predecessorII. Text Comprehension 20%1.（1%）Rashid was (“Rashid’s School”)[A] a strong and energetic man who speaks good English.[B] a frail-looking man without energy.[C] an energetic man, but he didn't look strong.[D] a strong-willed man who was confident that the success of the education for the villagers was out of question.2. When Rashid talked about his school, saying "it is the realization of a dream", his florid tone showed that (“Rashid’s School”)[A] he was conceited and he thought himself to be better than any other school masters.[B] he was not sure whether the visitors would agree with him.[C] he didn't want the visitors to criticize his school.[D] he was proud and satisfied with his school and he had a desire for the visitors to share hisfeelings.3. “As soon as the children of the village were old enough to work in the fields they becameeconomically important to their families. Against that argument education carried very little weight.” (“Rashid’s School At Okhla”) This shows that[A] to the villagers education meant nothing for it could not bring any economic benefits to theirfamilies.[B] the villagers attached much importance to education because it would reduce the children’sburden on their families.[C] the villagers believed that children were so important to their families that they should notargue against education.[D] to the villagers their families depended on children and education could solve this problem4. The author of "Four Choices For Young People" does not think much of the dropouts because (“Four Choices For Young People”)[A] they are unsatisfied with the present society and want a sudden change.[B] while they scorn the present society, they depend on it for a living.[C] they make fruitless efforts to change the imperfect society.[D] the author does not agree with them in regarding the society as imperfect.5. Which of the following is true about the author's opinion? (“Four Choices For Young People”)[A] The author insists on gradual change as being the most efficient method of improving thisimperfect world under any circumstances.[B] The author personally favors a gradual reform of the society because although it takes time itsometimes does work.[C] The author considers all social revolutions fruitless because they fail to do away with suchfamiliar matters as the buying and selling of goods, social institutions and office work.[D] The author rejects all the alternatives, thinking they are either impractical or fruitless.6. By comparing the reforms of the world to the military campaign in the Apennines during World War II, the author intends to (“Four Choices For Young People”)[A] express his feeling that one needs bravery and energy to overcome difficulties in reforming theworld.[B] create an impression upon readers that drastic changes are inevitable in solving socialproblems.[C] express his opinion that the real world is beset with social problems which, instead of beingsolved once for all, often lead to others.[D] make his idea known that, to deal with social problems, the young should draw on theexperience of the old.7. In "Rock Superstars...", the author begins with descriptions of three short scenes. Which is true ofthem? (“Rock Superstars”)[A] When Mick Jagger sprinkled water over the audience at the end of his performance, his fanssurge to follow, eager to be baptized then and there by this singer priest.[B] Alice Cooper took his own life at the end of a rock concert in order to shock and thrill theaudience.[C] A rock fan worshipped Bob Dylan as a god and actually crawled on his knees into one of his concerts.[D] To American adults, Alice Cooper was a horrible singer with weird and loathsome tastes and habits.8. What two aspects of American life are touched in rock music? (“Rock Superstars”)[A] political attitudes & emotional life[B] religious beliefs & human feelings[C] human desires & reasons[D] sociological concepts & facts9. The title "A Most Forgiving Ape" is arresting in that (“A Most Forgiving Ape”)[A] it makes an ape a subject which will arouse the readers' interest.[B] it arouses the reader's interest, for it sharply contrasts with the stereotyped image of the ape.[C] the word "forgiving" is a seldom-used expression.[D] it seems a totally unfamiliar topic to the reader.10. The author inserts a brief account of the gorilla in various aspects before he comes to describinghis encounter with the gorilla. Which of the following is not talked about in that account? (“A Most Forgiving Ape”)[A] This rare species is still being butchered by tribesmen.[B] Gorillas have far greater physical strength than human beings.[C] The gorilla is a forgiving animal with human qualities.[D] The gorilla has good eyesight and hearing.11.On what a day did Kitty and I drive away from Delhi to Okhla?13.A cold winter day B. A hot summer day14.C. A hot autumn day D. A cool spring day.12.Came out to meet us in front of the school.A.RashidB. KittyC. VillagersD. Nobody13.Finally, "I" promised to the villagers to if they would send their children to my school.A.Provide the means for them to reel cotton for an hour every day.B.Help them with the farm work.C.Give them moneyD. Provide farm knowledge to them2.To begin with, the villagers were suspicious. Why?16.They don't like rashid.17.They think they are well-educated.18.They had found in their own lives no use for education, or indeed for literacy.19.They hate education.15.Think to eat beef is sinful.A.MoslemsB. IndiansC. WesternersD. Nobody14.Which is not the four choices for young people?A.FleeB. Drop outC. Get marriageD. Plot a revolution6.Which of the four choices of young people is one of the oldest expedients, and it can be practiced anywhere, at any age, and with or without the use of hallucinogens.17.Flee B. Drop out18.C. Try to change the world gradually D. Plot a revolution16.Who ended his act by pretending to end his life--with a guillotine.A.Mike PerlieB. Bob DylanC. The BandD. Alice Cooper14.Why does the author say these aren't idle questions?A.Because they are famous stars.B. Because they are rock stars.C. Because your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking.D. Because they are hard to answer.20.Todd Rundgren is aA.Singer and dancerB. Composer and singerB.C. Composer and dancer D. Film starIII. Blank Filling1. （1.5%）Gorillas have good eyesight but ________ both hearing and smelling.2. Had I really been about ________ my sub-conscious desire to move towards him I would havepaused at this moment.3. Like all Indian villages Okhla ________ at that time in the morning. Most of the people wereworking in the field, and the women had gathered at the well which was their meeting place and center of gossip.4. As the big problems of the thirties were brought under some kind of rough control, new problems________.5. When Presley appeared on a TV show, a kind of “debate” took place. Most of the older viewers______ his performance, while most of the younger viewers applauded.6. Against Mrs Flowers protest, Momma pulled up my dress. The dress was over my head and my arms__________ the sleeves.7. She had an icebox. It __________ that she would have ice on an ordinary day, when most families inour town bought ice late on Saturdays only a few times during the summer.8. The European inhabitants of East Africa take their holidays in this cool green place, for it _______any of the lusher golfing resorts in southern England.9. I cannot help feeling a fear ________ so many people.10. “A woman will __________ the game to have a couple of kids just about the time we’re ready torun her for mayor.” This may be said by a politician with sexual prejudice.IV. Cloze 15%There are ten blanks in the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper word taken from the list.Note that two of the given words are not applicable.rightly; in; responsible; misgivings; views; shortly; of; about; increased; for; teach; alone __(1)__ before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Standford University, wrote me about some of his __(2)__. “More than any other generation,” he said, “our generation __(3)__ the adult world with great skepticism … there is also an __(4)__ tendency to reject completely that world.”Apparently he speaks __(5)__ a lot of his contemporaries. During the last few years, I have listened to scores __(6)__ young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous __(7)__ the grown-up world. Roughly, their attitude might be summed up about like this: “The world is __(8)__ pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people __(9)__ are, presumably, the adults who have been running things. If they can’t do better than that, what have they got to __(10)__ our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without.”V. Translation 20%A 9% Translate the following sentences into Chinese.17.I hope that the example of my success will convince other women to get into politics – and not just to stuff envelopes, but to run for office.考核知识点：对课⽂的理解，参见P5618.. I had read A Tale of Two Cities and found it up to my standard as a romantic novel. She opened the first page andI heard poetry for the first time in my life.考核知识点：对课⽂的理解，参见P5019.Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything.B Translate the following sentences into English by using the words given.1. 我喜欢在⾕类⾷品上洒点糖。

现代语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 现代汉语中，“书”字的读音是：A. shūB. shuC. shǔD. shuā答案：A2. 下列词语中，哪一个是现代汉语中的新词？A. 马车B. 电脑C. 油灯D. 信鸽答案：B3. “互联网”一词在现代汉语中属于：A. 名词B. 动词C. 形容词D. 副词答案：A4. “全球化”这个概念最早出现在哪个世纪？A. 19世纪B. 20世纪C. 21世纪D. 18世纪5. 现代汉语中，“微博”的“微”字含义是：A. 小的B. 微小的C. 微不足道的D. 微积分的答案：A6. “可持续发展”这一概念最早由哪个组织提出？A. 联合国B. 世界银行C. 国际货币基金组织D. 世界卫生组织答案：A7. “人工智能”在现代汉语中属于：A. 合成词B. 派生词C. 单纯词D. 外来词答案：A8. 下列哪个选项不是现代汉语中的成语？A. 画蛇添足B. 杯弓蛇影C. 空中楼阁D. 明日黄花答案：D9. “移动支付”中的“支”字读音是：B. zhǐC. zīD. zhí答案：B10. “云计算”技术的核心是：A. 硬件B. 软件C. 服务D. 数据答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 现代汉语中，“博客”一词来源于英文“________”。

答案：blog2. “物联网”的英文缩写是“________”。

答案：IoT3. 在现代汉语中，“________”是指通过互联网进行的商务活动。

答案：电子商务4. “________”是指利用计算机技术、网络技术等手段，实现信息资源的数字化、网络化、智能化。

答案：信息化5. “________”是指利用现代信息技术手段，对信息资源进行收集、存储、处理、传递和利用的过程。

答案：信息处理6. “________”是指通过互联网进行的社交活动。

答案：网络社交7. “________”是指利用计算机技术、网络技术等手段，对信息资源进行保护和管理的过程。

福师1203批次《现代汉语（一）》复习题及参考答案一注：本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问。

教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代汉语．上册35.4.9元黄伯荣，廖旭东主编2007年6月第4版高等教育出版社1.把下列汉字按声母发音部位进行归类：（15分）苏、翠、旁、扭、泪、租、熟、行、让、黑、紧、确、代、破、门、风、他、出、个、哭、床知识点：声母的发音。

请参考教材29—33页。

2.音节声母韵母声调韵头韵腹韵尾缺响垂硬床文知识点：音节的结构。

请参考教材73、74页。

3．分析下列合成词的结构类型：（12分）肉麻：云集：动员：扩大：船只：月亮：放牧：面熟：知识点：合成词的结构类型。

请参考教材222—224页。

4.辨析下列各组同义词的异同：（15分）（1）夸大——夸张（2）父亲——爸爸（3）交换——交流知识点：同义词的差别；辨析同义词的方法。

请参考教材244—246页。

5．通过下列句子来分析儿化的作用：（10分）（1）我们的头儿不停地摇着自己的头。

（2）校长画了一幅画儿。

（3）人活着就得做活儿。

（4）他瞪大眼盯着那个眼儿。

（5）他在信中给我透了个信儿。

（6）小孩儿长着苹果脸儿，骑着小马儿，拿着鲜花儿。

知识点：儿化的作用。

请参考教材88、89页。

6．普通话中的声母和辅音有何不同？韵母和元音有何不同？（10分）知识点：声母与辅音的区别、韵母与元音的区别。

请参考教材21页。

7．汉字形体演变朝着什么样的方向发展，表现在哪几个方面？（10分）知识点：汉字形体的演变。

请参考教材143页。

8．请以“鲁迅”一词为例，说明专有名词是否具有概括性的特点。

（10分）知识点：词义的概括性。

请参考教材228、229页。

福师1203批次《现代汉语（一）》复习题及参考答案二 注：本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问。

1.把下列汉字按声母发音部位进行归类：（15分）散、曾、跑、闹、六、字、是、学、日、黄、接、起、顿、派、目、福、腿、出、个、哭、床知识点：声母的发音。

福建师范大学22春“英语”《现代语言学》期末考试高频考点版（带答案）一.综合考核(共50题)1.When a node directly descends from another, without any other nodes intervening, the hierarchical relationship between them is called immediate domination. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B2.() refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.A.AccentB.DialectC.SentenceD.Utterance参考答案：A3.The distinctive feature of place of articulation alone can make necessary distinction between some consonants. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A4.Idiolect refers to the unique linguistic system of an inpidual speaker. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B5.According to (), language determines the framework of speaker’s perception and thought.A.Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB.Positivist theorye theoryD.Speech Acts theory参考答案：A6.() morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.A.FunctionalB.LexicalC.GrammaticalD.Performative参考答案：B7.() is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.A.PragmaticsB.Discourse analysisC.DialectologyD.Morphology参考答案：B8.() studies the ways words are combined to form. sentences in a language.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.MorphologyD.Syntax参考答案：D9.Which h of the following disciplines doesn’t belong to micro-linguistics? ()A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.MorphologyD.Dialectology参考答案：D10.A constituent structure rule is one that governs selecting from the lexicon a lexical item and inserting it into a terminal node of a constituent structure as its daughter. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A11.Consonants all involve the vibration of the vocal folds. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A12.The locutionary act () refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language.A.illocutionary actB.locutionary actC.perlocutionary act参考答案：B13.Affix hopping refers to the bound morphemes in the verb group hop backward to join the following member in the verb group. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B14.The implementation of lexical insertion rules need to be subject to no restrictions. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A15.Productivity is characterised by the feature of ().A.ArbitrarinessB.Genetic-cultural transmissionC.Non-arbitrarinessD.Duality参考答案：A16.Homonymy refers to the linguistic phenomenon that a word may be used in a number of different senses or is said to have a range of different meanings. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A17.Traditional notional grammar is a bottom-up approach. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B18.() refers to the speed of speech.A.LoudnessB.StressC.TempoD.Tone参考答案：C19.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A20.The arbitrariness of the relationship between the linguistic symbol and its referent distinguishes human language from animals’ languages. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B21.Phonemes in contrast are differentiated and related by their ().A.perfomationB.featureC.functionD.distinctive feature参考答案：D22.Endocentric compounding means the meaning of the compound cannot be inferred from the meanings of its componential free morphemes. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A23.Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system oflanguage use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A24.() reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text before the word or expression that is presupposing.A.ExophoricB.AnaphoricC.EndophoricD.Cataphoric参考答案：B25.() refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.A.SynonymyB.PolysemyC.HomonymyD.Antonymy参考答案：A26.() of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.A.ArbitrarinessB.Genetic-cultural transmissionC.Non-arbitrarinessD.Duality参考答案：D27.() is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.A.WordB.SentenceC.UtteranceD.Morpheme参考答案：C28.Compared to phonetics, phonology is more concerned with the organisation of speech sounds in relation to the conveyance of meaning. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B29.() is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts.A.PragmaticsB.PhonologyC.DialectologyD.Morphology参考答案：A30.Inflectional morpheme may be a free morpheme. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A31.The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of inpidual lexical meanings of the words that form. the sentence. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A32.Inflection means forming a new word by adding an element such as an affix. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A33.Duality is a concretisation of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B34.The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ().A.Noam ChomskyB.JacobsonC.HalidayD.Nida参考答案：A35.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B36.Language has () that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.A.functionB.design featuresC.importanceD.performance参考答案：B37.() refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each otherA.CollocationB.ReiterationC.Lexical cohesionD.Coherence参考答案：A38.An inflectional morpheme does not change the grammatical class of the word. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B39.Discourse analysis is more concerned with conventional implicatures than conversational ones. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A40.Bound morpheme is a morpheme that can stand alone as a word. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A41.Illocutionary force refers to the power that is conventionally associated with theexpressions used in the locutionary act and that enables the speaker to execute the intended act through what he/she says. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B42.The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B43.() is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.A.pre-headB.headC.nuclear tailD.nucleus参考答案：B44.Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B45.Language is entirely arbitrary. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A46.The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be () similar.A.phoneticallyB.phonologicallyC.soundD.seem参考答案：A47.A () is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.A.perfomationB.featureC.distinctive featureD.function参考答案：C48.() refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.A.LoudnessB.RhythmC.TempoD.Tone参考答案：B49.() refers to the primary and commonly accepted meaning of linguistic forms.A.Lexical meaningB.Sentential meaningC.Utterance meaningD.Literal meaning参考答案：D50.Old speakers are more sensitive to the social significance of the style. of their speech,showing their stronger intention to converge to or perge from the listener. ()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A。

福师1203考试批次《语言学概论》复习题及参照答案一一名词解释（20分）1词汇：一种语言中所有词和成语等固定用语旳总汇。

也指某作品或某一作家用语旳总汇。

可分为基本词汇和一般词汇两大部分。

2符号：人们用来指代某种事物旳标识3语法范围：几种互相对立而性质类似旳语法意义聚合在一起，形成一种更为概括旳类，就是语法范围。

二简答（45分）1地区方言旳形成有哪些原因？请简要阐明。

参照知识点：地区方言参看教材P2452词语旳搭配要受到哪些语义条件旳限制？参照知识点：词义旳组合参看教材P1013语言与思维旳关系？请简要阐明。

参照知识点：语言与思维参看教材P184语言与文化旳关系？参照知识点：语言与文化旳关系参看教材P385请简要阐明语法旳特性有哪些？参照知识点：语法旳特性参看教材P106—1086请简要阐明词义旳概括性表目前哪三个方面？参照知识点：词义旳特点参看教材P90—93三论述（35分）1怎样辩证地看待语言符号任意性旳特点，试举例论述。

参照知识点：语言符号旳特点参看教材P45—502请举例阐明语言发展旳原因。

参照知识点：语言发展旳原因参看教材P239—2433请举例阐明汉语语音审美形态重要表目前哪些方面？参照知识点：汉语语音审美形态参看教材P82—86语言学概论一、名词解释1．历时语言学。

专语语言学从纵旳方面，研究语言发展旳历史，观测其演变轨迹，例如汉语史、英语史等。

由于它从一种较长旳时段研究语言，研究语言旳发展动态，因此又叫历时语言学。

2．语言。

语言是人类最重要旳交际工具，同步也是思维工具。

3．符号。

符号，就是指代某种事物旳标识，记号，它是由一种社会旳全体组员共同约定用来表达某种意义旳标识和记号。

4．语言旳二层性。

第一，语言旳构造二层性指语言是由音位层和由音义结合旳符号序列层构成旳装置。

第二，语言旳底层是一套音位，语言旳上层是音义结合旳符号和符号旳序列，这一层又分语素、词、句子三级。

第三，语言构造二层性旳关键是以少驭多。

福师大远程教育现代语言学复习资料答案复习资料试题I. Multiple-choice questions. Choose the best answer for the following questions.1.The statement “Double negation is incorrect.” is an example of _____ rules.A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. transformationalD. functional2.The distinction between linguistic competence and performance was proposed by _____.A. JacobsonB. BloomfieldC.D. H. Hymes D. Chomsky3.Consonants and vowels are distinguished by ______.A. place of articulationB. manner of articulationC. obstruction of airflowD. total stopping of air4.Which of the following sounds is described as “voiced alveolar stop”?A. [d]B. [z]C. [g]D. [l]5.Which of the following morphemes IS a bound morpheme?A. nessC. lossD. boss6.Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix?A. fastestB. chaosC. easierD. studies7.The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by _____.A. JacobsonB. BloomfieldC. SaussureD. Chomsky8.That it is wrong to split an infinitive is an example of _____ rules.A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. transformationalD. functional9.One criteria of distinguishing different consonants is ______.A. the height of tongue raisingB. manner of articulationC. obstruction of airflowD. total stopping of air10.Which of the following sounds is described as “voiced bilabial stop”?___________.A. [b]B. [z]D. [l]11.Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix? ___________.A. fastestB. darkenC. easierD. studies12.Good: Bad is an example of _____.A. gradable antonymyB. relational antonymyC. complementary antonymyD. complete antonymy13. What kind of sounds can be identified when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant14. Which vowel is different from the others according to the part of the tongue that is the highest when articulated?A. [?]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]15. The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme16. A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator17. "Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes18. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics19. ___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language20. Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area21. According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition22.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD. synonyms23.The semantic c omponents of the word ―gentleman‖can be expressed as __.A. +animate, +male, +human, -adultB. +animate, +male, +human, +adultC. +animate, -male, +human,-adultD. +animate, -male, +human, +adult24.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the ______.A. phrase structureB. surface structureC. syntactic structureD. deep structureII. True or False questions. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.( ) 1.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language byQuirk et al. is a synchronic study of language.( ) 2.The word “in” is an open class word.( ) 3. Chinese is a tone language.( ) 4.The word “above” includes 2 syllables, in which the sound [b] is the coda of the first syllable.( ) 5.The semantic relationship between the two sentences “John’s son is an engineer” and “John has a son” is presupposition.( ) 6.A syllable should contain at least one vowel.( ) 7.Historical linguistics is a diachronic study of language.( ) 8.In the antonym pair old : young, old is the marked item.( ) 9.“Ank” is a morpheme, because it appears in different words, such as tank, bank, rank.( ) 10.The pronunciation of English consonants only involves manner of articulation and place of articulation.( ) 11. A small child may call any man “Dad”. This phenomenon is termed as underextension in psycholinguistics.( ) 12.Grammatically well-formed sentences are not necessarily semantically well-formed.( ) 13.The word chaos does not contain any inflectional suffix.( ) 14.According to John Austin, performatives do not descript or report, and therefore, cannot be verified as true or false.( ) 15.P redication analysis is a way to analyze word meaning.( ) 16.A n inflectional morpheme alters the grammatical category of a word.( ) 17.English alphabets were borrowed from Latin in Old English period.( ) 18.Both English and Scottish belongs to Germanic language family.( ) 19.Roots are always free.( ) 20.According to CCTV, FAMILY stands for Father and mother I love you. This is an example of acronym.( ) 21.Phablet is an example of blending.( ) 22.Lexical motivation refers to the connection between linguistic symbol and its meaning.( ) 23.The words valuable and invaluable are a pair of antonyms.( ) 24.10. The suffix -er in teacher is an inflectional affix.III. Fill in the blanks with proper terms.1. The description of English vowels needs four variables, i.e. the height of tongue raising, the positionof the highest part of the tongue, the length or tenseness of the vowel and ________.2. In IPA, there are two ways to transcribe speech sounds. One is _______, the other is narrowtranscription.3. Those morphemes that can appear on their own are called __________.4. _______ intonation signals certainty and completion of the speech.5. If A is a kind of B, then in terms of semantic relation, B is a(n) _____ of A.6. The utterance “I order you to leave the room.” performsa ________ speech act.7. __________ is the study of meaning in use or in context.8. The standardized and internationally accepted system for phonetic transcription is ___________.9. In terms of semantic relationship, flower is a(n)________________of lily.10. Phoneme __________can be described as voiceless alveolar fricatives.11.If two words have following relationship: the assertion of one means the denial of the other and thedenial of one means the assertion of the other, then these two words are a pair of ________________.12._____________ is the study of language in relation to society; it studies how social factors influencethe structure and use of language.13.English has only _____________ inflectional morphemes.14.While the meaning of a sentence is decontextualized, that of a(n) _________ is context-dependent.15.Words that share the same pronunciations but have different spelling and different meanings are called_____________16.The difference between consonants and vowels lies in_____________.17.The symbolic relationship between sound and meaning is and .18.Lexical meaning can be subdivided into meaning and meaning.19.Three types of homonyms are perfect homonyms, ___________ and homophone.20.According to morphological structure, words can be divided into simple words, _______________ andcompound words.21.According to whether it can appear on its own or not, morphemes can be divided into free morphemesand _______ morphemes22.The three major word formation processes in English are_______ , compounding and conversion.23.In the antonym pair old and young, __________ is the marked item.24.The hypothesis that claims that language shapes the way we think and determines what we can thinkabout is called_______.IV. Definition. Define following terms.1.Suprasegmental2.McGurk effect3.Input Hypothesis4.Fossilization/doc/8318545262.html,nguage planning6.Tenor of discourse7.Diphthong8.Creole9.approximant:10.lexical wordsV. Questions. Answer the following questions.1.Are /lb?k/, /kn?st/ and /kr?st/ possible syllables in English? Why?2.What are the differences between inflection and derivation?3.How did English borrow words from other languages and what influence does borrowinghave upon English?4.Discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.5.In English, the utterance “Can you answer the phone?” can be used to ask someone to answer thephone. Why cannot the utterance “Can you eat the apple?”be used to ask someone to eat the apple?。

福师1203考试批次《语言学概论》复习题及参考答案复习题及参考答案一123456789一、名词解释（20分）词汇：一种语言中所有词和成语等固定用语的总汇。

也指某作品或某一作家用语的总汇。

可分为基本词汇和一般词汇两大部分。

符号：人们用来指代某种事物的标记。

语法范畴：几个相互对立而性质类似的语法意义聚合在一起，形成一个更为概括的类，就是语法范畴1．历时语言学：专语语言学从纵的方面，研究语言发展的历史，观察其演变轨迹，例如汉语史、英语史等。

由于它从一个较长的时段研究语言，研究语言的发展动态，因此又叫历时语言学。

2．语言：语言是人类最重要的交际工具，同时也是思维工具。

3．符号；符号，就是指代某种事物的标记，记号，它是由一个社会的全体成员共同约定用来表示某种意义的标记和记号。

4．语言的二层性：第一，语言的结构二层性指语言是由音位层和由音义结合的符号序列层构成的装置。

第二，语言的底层是一套音位，语言的上层是音义结合的符号和符号的序列，这一层又分语素、词、句子三级。

第三，语言结构二层性的核心是以少驭多。

例如汉语的符号层有数千个语素，而这些语素又组成数十万条词，词又组成无穷无尽的句子。

例如语素"山"、"河"可以组成词语"山河、河山"，还可以和别的语素组成更多的词，如"山峰、山口、山里、山芋"等，词又可以进一步组成无限的句子。

5．社会现象：所谓社会现象就是指那些与人类共同体的一切活动――产生、存在和发展密切联系的现象，语言就是一种社会现象，它与人类社会的生活息息相关，是把社会中的个人结成群体的纽带，是人与人互相联系的桥梁，进行沟通的工具，也是人与动物相区别的重要标志。

6．音素：从语音的自然属性角度划分出来的最小语音单位。

7．元音：发音时，气流通过口腔不受任何阻碍而发出来的音素。

8．辅音：发音时，气流通过口腔要受某个部位阻碍而发出来的音素。

《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析卷面总分：98分答题时间：80分钟试卷题量：49题一、单选题（共39题，共78分）1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works.• ngue• B.linguist• nguage• D.learning正确答案：C语言的研究过程可以总结为：首先，要观察某些语言材料，从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结;其次，根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料，然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性;最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。

2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium oflanguage and individual sounds within that range as ______.• A.vowels• B.consonants• C.sounds• D.speech sounds正确答案：D在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。

这些范围有限，但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介，凡是在这个范围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。

3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.• A. the internal structure• B.morpheme• C.the rules by which words are formed• D.word正确答案：B正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样，词素是形态学研究中的基本单位。

4.The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.• rge• B.small• C.finite• D.infinite正确答案：C对于任何一种自然语言，一套句法规则可以产生出无穷多的句子，也就是说，任何语言的句法规则都是有限的，而说话人能够说出和理解的句子的数量是无限的。

现代语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是现代汉语的特点？A. 词汇丰富B. 语法严谨C. 语音清晰D. 表达简洁答案：B2. 现代汉语中，“的”、“地”、“得”的使用规则是什么？A. “的”用于形容词后B. “地”用于动词后C. “得”用于副词后D. 以上都是答案：D3. 下列哪个词组不是现代汉语中的固定搭配？A. 春暖花开B. 秋高气爽C. 冬暖夏凉D. 春寒料峭答案：C4. 在现代汉语中，“他”和“她”的区别是什么？A. “他”指男性，“她”指女性B. “他”指人，“她”指物C. “他”指物，“她”指人D. “他”和“她”没有区别答案：A5. 下列哪个选项是现代汉语中的正确句式？A. 他去图书馆看书了。

B. 他去了图书馆看书。

C. 他去图书馆看书了。

D. 他去了图书馆看书了。

答案：C6. 现代汉语中，“了”字的用法是什么？A. 表示过去B. 表示将来C. 表示进行D. 表示完成答案：D7. 下列哪个词组不是现代汉语中的成语？A. 画蛇添足B. 狐假虎威C. 狗尾续貂D. 猫头鹰答案：D8. 现代汉语中，“把”字句的使用规则是什么？A. 表示动作的完成B. 表示动作的进行C. 表示动作的目的D. 表示动作的结果答案：A9. 下列哪个选项是现代汉语中的正确表达？A. 他昨天去图书馆了。

B. 他昨天去了图书馆。

C. 他昨天去图书馆了。

D. 他昨天去了图书馆了。

答案：B10. 在现代汉语中，“被”字句的使用规则是什么？A. 表示被动B. 表示主动C. 表示进行D. 表示完成答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 现代汉语中，“一”字可以作为______词使用。

答案：量词2. 在现代汉语中，“了”字用于句末，表示______。

答案：动作的完成3. 现代汉语中，“吗”字用于句末，表示______。

答案：疑问4. 现代汉语中，“呢”字用于句末，表示______。

答案：停顿5. 在现代汉语中，“把”字句的句式结构是______。