(2021年整理)英语构词法讲解及专项练习

第十二讲构词法实战演练顼查漏补缺举一反三一、单句语法填空1.（2019 年天津卷•阅读理解B）I was （extreme）inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.2.（2019 年北京卷•阅读理解C）These （develop）are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.3.（2019年北京卷•阅读理解D） Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and （concentrate） of phytoplankton.4.（2019 年江苏卷•完形填空）Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their （reproduce）.5.（2019 年江苏卷.阅读理解D）After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and （profession）.6.（2019 年新课标I 卷•七选五型阅读理解）All across the country, （recover）centers have begun building Healing Gardens.7.（2019 年新课标II 卷•阅读理解A）I once wrote a paper on the （influent）of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words.8.（2018 年江苏卷•单项填空）China's soft power grows in line with the increasing （appreciate） and understanding of China globally.9.（2018 年天津卷•阅读理解C）With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for （decorate） on a wedding cake.10.（2018 年新课标III 卷•完形填空）In her （excite）, she didn't seem to realize that she was sharing the baby's photos with a complete stranger.11.（2018 年浙江卷•阅读理解A）Today Dickens，greatness is （challenge）.12.（2017 年新课标II卷•语法填空）The Central London Railway was one of the most （success） of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.13.（2017 年新课标III卷•语法填空）She is determined to carry on with her （educate）.14.（2017 年北京卷•阅读理解A） For a sudden heart（fail）, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.15.（2017 年天津卷•完形填空）My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise （regular）.二、单句改错1.（2019 年江苏卷•完形填空）She refused to live with male cranes, and even had a reputation for killing some of them, which made it possible for her to become a mother.2.（2019 年江苏卷•完形填空）With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding （人工繁殖）and nature reproduction.3.（2019 年江苏卷•阅读理解D） She thought about hiring a professional piano to work with her father.4.（2019 年新课标I 卷•七选五型阅读理解）Recently, people have begun studying the connect between the natural world and healing （治愈）.5.（2018年北京卷•阅读理解D）The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport一an welcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing （叫车）services.6.（2018 年北京卷•书面表达）The tea house witnessed a really enjoy time for all of us.7.（2018年天津卷•阅读理解A）Responsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.8.（2018 年新课标I 卷•语法填空）While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effect at lengthening life than walking.9.（2018 年江苏卷•阅读理解B）Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instruct research about restaurants.10.（2017 年新课标II 卷•阅读理解A） Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventual settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.11.（2017 年新课标III卷•短文改错）1 enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.12.（2017 年天津卷•阅读理解D）There is absolute nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full.13.（2017 年浙江卷•完形填空）She had asked the government for permit to move the books to a safe place, but they refused.14.（2017 年北京卷•阅读理解B） Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creating things to make.15.（2017年新课标I卷•短文改错）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号单词的正确形式。

（完整版）英语构词法练习题.docWord Form QuizPart AFill the blanks using the words below. While doing this exercise, look for clues which tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb).1.That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not dothe job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A. sadlyB. sadnessC. saddenD. sad 4. He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemist D.physician5.The three- ________chair isn’ t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A. leadB. leaderC. leadingD. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem ， Jack looked________about at his classmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridely8.To everyone ’ s ， the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A.600 words； a 600-wordsB.600-word；a 600-wordsC.600 words；a 600-wordD.600 words； a 600-words10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence11. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A. practiceB. practiseC. practicalD. practiced14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A. judgerB. judgmentC. judgeD. judgement15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A. longerB. lengthC. longD. longing17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyfulC. joylessD. joyness18. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is reallya ________.A. foolish； foolishly； foolB. fool；foolish；foolC. foolish； fool ；foolD. foolishly； foolish；fool20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’ s of great ________.A. valuableB. valueC. valuelessD. unvaluable21. There were________fish in the river in South America.A. in dangerB. dangerC. dangerousD. dangerless22.The letter“ b” in the word“ doubt” is________.A. soundB. silentC. silenceD. sounded23. The child looked at me________.A. strangerB. strangelyC. strangeD. strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.A. freeB. freelyC. freedomD. frees25. What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.A. reasonableB. reasonfulC. reasonlessD. unreason26. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced27. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an ________in the government. You can not easily find him in his________.A.official； officer；officeB.officer；office； officialC.official； official；officialD.officer； official；office29.You ’ d better give up smoking if you want to keep________. A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. healthier30.________ speaking，I didn ’ t do it on purpose. A.Honestly B. Honest C. HonestyD. DishonestPart BUse the word at the end of each gap to form a new word with which to fill the gap. While doing this exercise, look for clues which tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb). Make sure to take into consideration forms using various prefixes and suffixes, as well as negative forms.We earn our_____________ (LIVE) in America today in peaceful ____________ (COMPETE)with people all across the Earth. Profound and _________ (POWER) forces are shaking and _________ (MAKE)our world, and the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. This new world has already ___________ (RICH) the lives of millions of Americans who are able to____________ (COMPETITION)and win in it. But when most people are working harder for less, when others cannot work at all, when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to ____________ (BANK) our enterprises, great and small, when the fear of crime robs law abiding citizens of their _____________ (FREE),and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend.Some Tips1. V-ing 和V-ed 作形容词时的差别表示情感的及物如excite, discourage, disappoint, encourage, inspire, interest, move, please, puzzle, surprise, worry 等，其分常加上后-ing 或 -ed 化分（也可称形容），用作表、定、状或。

英语构词法总结与练习a合成法（1）合成法即是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。

合成词在英语中比较活跃，合成形容词很常见，多数用作定语，有些作表语；合成名词作主语或宾语；合成动词作谓语；合成副词作状语。

quick-servicecounter快餐部，airsick昏飞机，air-dropped空投，warm-heartedly热情地，sightseeing游览观光，cross-roads十字路口（2）制备形容词的形成方法如下：①形容词/数词+名词+ednoble-minded高尚的，good-tempered脾气好的warm-hearted,cold-blooded,three-legged,one-eyed②形容词+现在分词good-looking漂亮的，fine-sounding悦耳的,easy-goingsweet/bad-smelling,cheap-looking③副词+现在分词hard-working勤奋的，far-reaching深刻的ever-lastingrapidlycincreasinglong-sufferingnever-ending④名词/代词+现在分词:peace-loving爱好和平的，english-speakingmatch/flower-sellingflesh-eatingrecord-breakingself-lockingtime/gas-savingman-killing⑤名词+过去分词state-owned国有的，heartfelt由衷的self-taughtsnow-covered⑥副词+过去分词well-known著名的，wide-spread广为流传的well-informedbadly-woundedwidely-usednewly-builtbadlycmanagedover-fed⑦形容词/数词+名词large-scale大规模的，high-class高级的second-handlong-distancehigh-speedafivecyearplan⑧名词+形容词duty-free退税的，airsick昏飞机的ice-coldhome-sick⑨另外除了其他方式形成的合成词，例如：all-round全面的，everyday日常的，face-to-face面对面的，first-rate一流的（3）合成名词的常见构成方式有：①名词+名词silkworm蚕，bloodtest血常规safetybelt,chinatown,trafficlight,shoelaceclassroom②形容词+名词double-dealer两面派，shorthand速记③v-ing+名词waiting-room候车室，sleeping-pill安眠药④动词+名词pickpocket小偷，break-water防尘堤⑤名词+动名词handwriting书法，sum-bathing日光浴⑥动词+副词get-together联欢会，break-through突破breakdowntake-offcheckcup⑦副词+动词⑨另外还有许多副词、代词等也是合成词，如：maybe也许forever永远whole-hearted全心弯叶的myself我自己everything一切whatever不管什么moreover而且however但是nevertheless尽管如此b转化法：不添加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫做转变法。

考点08 构词法高考频度：★★★★★许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。

掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。

英语中的构词法主要有派生法（Derivation）、合成法（Composition）和转换法（Conversion）三大类。

构词法一派生法在一个词的词根（root）前面或后面加上某个词缀（affix）来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法（derivation）或词缀法（affixation）。

加在前面的词缀叫前缀（prefix），加在后面的词缀叫后缀（suffix）。

一般情况下，前缀往往改变词根的词义，不改变词根的词性；而后缀往往改变词根的词性，有些也涉及意义的变化。

大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义，因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。

1.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加－ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加－ly extreme → extremely尤其，非常stupid → stupidly 傻地改y为－ily happy → happily快乐地merry → merrily 快乐地去e加－ly true真的→ truly真地2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词－age short → shortage不足；短缺－cy efficient → efficiency效率；功效accurate → accuracy准确性－dom free → freedom自由；自主wise → wisdom明智；智慧3.动词变名词的后缀4.表示＂人＂的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。

常见的表示＂人＂的后缀有：5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀7.变动词的前缀和后缀hard → harden使变硬class → classify把……分类－ifybeauty → beautify美化apology → apologize道歉－izeemphasis → emphasize强调1. (2019年新课标卷I·语法填空) Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.【答案】higher【解析】根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。

最新英语构词法讲解及专项练习教学提纲构词法Word Formation在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、合成Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起。

2. 用连字符(-)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything,二、派生Derivation注意：-ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。

三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。

1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领语法填空之构词法专项练习1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________（die）is heavier than Mount Tai.2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________(long).3. How________ (fool) he is!4.The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________(free) bravely.5. What you said sounded________(reason) but in fact it was untrue.6.One thing you should do is to _____(large) your vocabulary.7.________ (honest)speaking，I didn’t do it on pur pose.8.Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_____ (legal) drugs.9. As he tried to read a map, he drove off the road into a river ______ (luck)10. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous).11.The weather was good except for an _________ (occasion) shower.12. The big earthquake made thousands of people ________(home).13. I'm very careful not to give out my ________ (person) information.14. To his______(puzzle), his son was ___(happy) hammering dents(凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck.15. While your IQ tells you how ______ (intelligence) you are, ……16. Diet and exercise are __________(equal) important.17. I felt a great sense of ___________（achieve）when I reached the top of the mountain.18. The police successfully arrested Richard Matt , who wasone of the country’s most wanted __________（crime）.19. My _________(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook within easy reach.20.The police were interviewing the 30 museum __________(employ)21. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)22. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear)23. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple)24. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)25. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent)26. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）27. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)28. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate)29. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)30. The police have _______ a plot against the President. (cover)人教版八年级下学期英语导学案课题Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?一、学习目标1. 准确把握本课单词，达到熟练默写。

中考中考英语--构词法汇总及练习.-教师版doc中考英语构词法汇总及练习一.概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。

例如：①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。

例如：①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。

④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如：Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。

2021版高考英语大一轮复习第2部分语法考点讲练第3节构词法与比较等级教师用书北师大版20210706254构词法课标卷中的阅读与完形填空中约含有 2.5%的派生词或合成词，对这部分词汇的把握程度直截了当决定着明白得质量；构词法依旧语法填空中必考的题目；同时，短文改错中也不乏对构词法的考查。

[对应学生用书P162]考点一派生词1．名词后缀(1)动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ -ation correct→correction 改正celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会attract→attraction 吸引discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论graduate→graduation 毕业conclude→conclusion 结论；终止decide→decision 决定admit→admission 接纳；准许入学invite→invitation 邀请explain→explanation 说明expect→expectation 期望-er/-or drive→driver 司机；驾驶员(2)形容词变名词的后缀2.形容词、副词后缀(1)动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀(2)形容词变副词的后缀4.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀考点二转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转化为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。

bookn．书→v.预订seat n．座位→v.容纳back n．背部→v.支持形容词→动词slow adj.慢的→v.减慢narrow adj.窄的→v.缩小warm adj.温顺的→v.加热比较等级[对应学生用书P164][基础考法]考法考查形容词、副词的比较等级和专门用法，如：比较级形式表达最高级含义。

[典型例题1](2020·高考四川卷改编)Andy is content with the toy.It is the(good)he has ever got.解析：句意：安迪对那个玩具专门中意。

第三讲词性转换(构词法)语法填空【典题试做】1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief(believe) that populations are increasing.3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have finally(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are so proud of her.It’s wonderful(wonder)．5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many traditional(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely(huge) popular with tourists.7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic(energy)．8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global(globe) fertilizer consumption.10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.11．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.12．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.1．给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；2．考查形容词和副词之间的词性转换。

英语词汇构词法及相应的词根词缀构词法是组成单词的一种方法,它有其清晰严谨的结构形式,本身有规律可循。

利用构词法记忆单词,可以记忆成串、举一反三。

构词法已在历届高考试题中大量应用。

掌握和运用构词法,对高考取得好成绩有一定的保证。

英语最基本的构词法有三种:派生(Derivation),合成(Compounding)和转化(Conversion)。

1. 派生法(也称词缀法)派生法(也称词缀法),即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的构词法。

添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀,它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。

添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀,它改变了原词的词性,有时也改变其词义。

如:以形容词happy(幸福的)为词根,加前缀un-就是其反义词unhappy(不幸的);加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式happily(幸福地);加后缀ness,就是其名词形式happiness (幸福)。

同样还可以得到unhappily和unhappiness。

再如:动词care(关心),加后缀-ful,就是其形容词形式careful(细心的),接着再加上后缀-ly,就是其副词形式carefully(仔细地);如果在care后加-ness,就是其名词形式careness(小心);在它的后边再加上-less,就是careful的反义词careless(粗心的),如果在careless后加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式carelessly(粗心地),在careless后加后缀-ness,就是careless的名词形式carelessness(粗心) 。

前缀、后缀是构词的要素,具有一定的作用和意义。

懂得了前后缀的含义,就容易了解由前(后)缀和词根结合而成的单词的意义。

现把英语中我们常见的前后缀列举如下:1)前缀anti-反对: antisocial反社会的auto-自: automobile小汽车,autonomy自治bi-双: biannual 一年两次的, bicycle自行车by-在旁:bystander 旁观者, by-product副产品co- 同: co-operation合作,co-existence共处,co-worker同事counter-反:counter-attack反攻,counter-revolutionary反革命的dis-否定,除去: discover发现,disorder混乱,杂乱en-使成为: enable使能够,enslave奴役, encourage鼓励extra-外: extraordinary非常的,格外的for-,fore-,先,前,预: forward向前,foresee 预见,forearm前臂,foretaste先尝for-禁,弃: forbid禁止,forget忘记,forgo放弃in-,il-,im-,ir-不,非: informal非正式的,incomplete不完全的,indefinite不定的, illegal非法的,immoral不道德的,irregular不规则的inter-间,相互:internationalism国际主义,interview会见micro-微: microscope显微镜,microfilm微型胶片mid-中:midday 中午,midnight夜半,mid-autumn中秋的mis-误: misunderstand 误会,misuse误用,misfortune不幸non-非,不:non-moral非道德范围内的,nonsense胡言,nonexistent不存在的post-后于: postwar战后的pre-先于: prewar战前的re-重,再,复: rewrite重写, return返回, review复习super-上,超: superman超人,supermarket 超级商场tele-远: telephone电话,telescope望远镜,television电视un-不: unable不能的,unimportant不重要的,untrue不真实的vice-副:vice-chairman副主席,vice-premier副总理2)后缀-age状态,集合: marriage婚姻, shortage缺少,village 村庄-an人: American美国人,Italian意大利人,意大利籍,African 非洲人-ation,-ition动作,状态:determination决心,industrialization工业化,preparation 准备,competition竞争,repetition重复-dom状态,领界: freedom自由,kingdom王国-eer人: engineer工程师,volunteer志愿者-er人,动作者:fighter战士,worker工人,writer作家,thinker思想家,harvester收割机-ese人,语言:Chinese中国人,中文, Japanese日本人,日文-ess女性:actress女演员,princess公主,goddess女神-hood身分,境遇,状态: childhood 童年,womanhood女性-ian人: musician音乐家, guardian卫护者, Christian基督教徒-ism主义,教:communism共产主义,socialism社会主义,revisionism修正主义-ist主义者,人: communist共产主义者, artist 艺术家-ity (抽象名词): possibility 可能性, ability能力,equality平等-man人: Englishman英国人,英格兰人, postman邮递员-ment运动,结果: movement运动,development发展,judgement判断-ness状态,性质:kindness和善,carefulness小心,correctness正确,tiredness疲倦-or人,动作者: actor男演员,visitor访问者-ship状态,身份: friendship友谊,comradeship同志之友谊,sportsmanship 体育道德,hardship苦难-sion动作,状态: tension紧张状态,revision修订-tion动作,状态: attention注意,action行动-less无:fearless 无所畏惧的,careless 不小心的,useless 无用的,meaningless 无意义的-ly品质,的: comradely 同志般的, friendly 友好的, weekly 每星期的-some引起,适于,易于: troublesome 烦人的,tiresome 令人感到厌倦的2. 合成法(也称复合法) 把两个单词或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成法。