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2018上海各区高三英语一模——11选10(包含答案)

【2018-宝山区一模】Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate, behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people live ___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.“When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish ___38_____ I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,” she said. “I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rejuvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.”As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or ____39____ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the ____40____ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.31. I 32. B 33. H 34. D 35. C 36. J 37. A 38. E 39. G 40. F【2018-崇明区一模】Section BCompany Builds World’s First Automobile V ending Machine（自动贩卖机）Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their __31__ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely __32__ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) __33__ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling __34__ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get __35__ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the the __36__ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win __37__ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead（间接费用）, and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great __38__ experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot（硬币投币口）and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s __39__ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this n ew Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kindexperience, __40__ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.31. E 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. J 36. G 37. A 38. K 39. F 40. H【2018-奉贤区一模】Section BThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” S imon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as t he wings __38__ their direction at the end of each。

奉贤区2019高三一模-试卷

2018学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷(201812)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theatre.C. In a meeting room.D. At the office.2. A. Boss and clerk. B. Teacher and student.C. Policeman and driver.D. Doctor and nurse.3. A. The demand of the job market. B. The location of the hotel.C. The damage to the environment.D. The solution to the issue.4. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $50.5. A. Green. B. Light blue. C. Green and blue. D. Yellow.6. A. He prefers to eat out. B. He wants to order the food.C. He doesn’t like Japanese f ood.D. He hopes to pay for the meal.7. A. It’s better than it used to be. B. It’s not as good as it was.C. It’s better than people say．D. It’s even worse than people say.8. A. Confused. B. Annoyed. C. Embarrassed. D. Bored.9. A. She won’t go to the beach if it rains.B. She would like the man to go to the beach.C. It will clear up tomorrow.D. It was pouring when she was at the beach.10.A. Trying to make a map. B. Painting the dining room.C. Discussing a house plan.D. Cleaning the kitchen.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because he looked like a musician. B. Because he was a musician of muchinfluence.C. Because he showed an interest in music.D. Because he was good at playing cornet.12.A. His tale begins in New Orleans. B. He was born before jazz was invented.C. His music was popular with his listeners.D. He learned popular music at a boy’s home.13.A. The Invention of the Jazz Music. B. The Father of the Jazz Music.C. The Making of a Musician.D. The Spread of Popular Music.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. It was expected to be a disaster. B. It turned out to be a disaster.C. It was spoiled by one girl.D. All the students enjoyed it.15.A. A thrilling exploration in the desert. B. How GPS saved the survivors.C. What is GPS and how it works.D. The danger of space exploration.16.A. It was created mainly for scientific research. B. It works better in fine weather conditions.C. It must be located on three satellites.D. Its service is free of charge.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Computer problems. B. Computer-related crimes.C. Healthcare.D. Computer-related injuries and problems.18. A. Not mentioned. B. Not too close.C. Half a meter away.D. About an arm’s length away.19. A. Having a good chair. B. Keeping your feet flat on the floor.C. Crossing one’s legs.D. Keeping arms and hands relaxed on the keyboard.20. A. There are not so many physical problems despite the wide use of computers.B. A good chair enables people to keep their feet flat on the floor.C. Dr. Kwan’s advice is given to those who suffer from computer-related injuries.D. People should avoid sitting in front of computers for too long without walking around.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smokingreduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress w as more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlyWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residencealtered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were great builders,created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London andQueen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as athe Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royalofficial functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV andarchitecture in the UK.and at relaxed family gatherings.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one isexplain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clearexpect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debateand nurture”.an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we areenvironment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They stateexample, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genet ically lower in status than whites are.robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that,Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quitecontroversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS.But right now, I’m just fo cused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A.responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.(B)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer?Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if it’s the right path for you:●What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage, and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined, they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.●Demand for Full Stack W eb Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With an impressive resume, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course, you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go.●Here’s What Y ou’ll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A. Arts.B. Science-technology.C. Courses.D. Business.61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.B. Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.C. The job prospect for web d evelopers isn’t promising in the long run.D. You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand.62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To advertise for full stack web developers.B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.(C)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic(北欧的) world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be.Prematurely gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. “The Wounded Warrior in the Snow”, a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted “The Convalescent”. A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig(小枝条). The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental(感伤的) and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished, sad expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the works of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother. “If Iallow myself the freedom to live an isolated life”, she wrote, “then it is because it has to be that way.” In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mo ther settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town.“I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves”, she wrote, “where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the g reatest discoveries.” She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious -- her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success.63. Schjerfbeck’s paintings may come as a surprise to many because_______.A. her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB. her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC. her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD. her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.B. "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck’s sentimental childhood.C. "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck’s childhood.D. "The Convalescent" is featured by the child’s astonis hed, sorrowful expression.65. Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of _______.A. she was exhausted by her teaching jobB. her personality prefers this kind of styleC. she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD. her mother’s health condition required her to adopt such a life style.66. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck’s paintings is_________.A. her vivid characterization of common peopleB. her capture of the characters’ soulC. the sorrowful expression of the charactersD. her unconscious sense of some mysterious elementsSection CDirections: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statementsThe quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff".They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as manyas 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。

2018年浦东新区高三英语一模试卷及答案

2018年浦东新区高三英语一模试卷及答案浦东新区2017 学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测试题高三英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solvea problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountereda strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D.For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（r创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally 22 their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight 23 （power）by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was 24 （o ffer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school 25 she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side 26 （heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED lightfor 20 minutes, 27 （use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“S tart n ow. There 28 be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ 29 may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do 30 you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was foundto be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 tohumans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.facial They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39 expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’abil ity to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things Imight have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actionsof men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship,___49__gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_____devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglec ting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” 54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed。

【2025届上海高三一模英语】2025届上海市奉贤区高三英语一模及答案

2024 学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷考生注意：1.考试时间105 分钟，试卷满分115分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。

Ⅰ. Grammar and vocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Music to Boost ProductivityHow many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of (1) music in the workplace can be helpfulor not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music.In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became (2) (productive) whenthey listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study (3) (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patientswhile listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music (4) it could be distracting.According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music (5) negatively impact your attention. However, if (6) (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference.There might be a link between ‘emotional use’ of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music (7) makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music (8) (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background.But if you’re just here for the best tracks (9) (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists (10) (b e): ‘Drops of Jupiter’ (Train), ‘Dreams’ (Fleetwood Mac) and ‘Don’t Stop Believin’ (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide. Section B (10 分)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.SkyquakeIf you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes havebeen reported around the world and locals have 11 names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as ‘Seneca guns’; in Belgium they’re called‘mistpoeffers’; and the Japanese refer to them as ‘uminari’, which 12 means ‘cries from the sea.Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星)could be the cause. These spacerocks explode when they 13 Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could 14 across a wide area. However, there is no 15 evidence reaching the ground.A(n) 16 explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies.Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from 17 sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, 18 ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is 19 to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these 20 mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound.Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious.Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension(45分)Section A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity(循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a(n) 21 of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a(n) 22 to the long-established norms of the school.He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. 23 , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives 24 . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.”His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the 25 eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to 26 in the air. “Poetry,” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the 27 . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold 28 us.”He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the 29 burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your fathe 30 your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing h im how to 31 his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even 32 what his father expected of him.For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often 33 by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd,” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to34 . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s.” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his 35 , finding the courage to speak up and express himself.Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the live s of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved.21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook22. A. threat B. barrier C. challenge D. opportunity23. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover24. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. practical D. specific25. A. caring B. shining C. wandering D. watching26. A. dance B. float C. move D. slide27. A. insight B. innocence C. soul D. sense28. A. between B. upon C. into D. within29. A. poetry B. stage C. match D. music30. A. dim B. adjust C. flash D. fuel31. A. conceal B. project C. stimulate D. sustain32. A. fall within B. persist in C. keep off D. go beyond33. A. overseen B. overshadowed C. overestimated D. overlooked34. A. step away B. fit in C. stand out D. push forward35. A. routine B. shell C. circle D. spaceSection B (22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements.Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵).After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science – a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark.Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious.The implications of Bran d’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches, fertilizers, and various chemicals.Hennig Brand’s accidental di scovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment.36.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists.B.The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact.C.The importance of human urine in scientific experiments.D.The transformation of base metals into gold through magic.37.What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments?A.To turn human urine into gold.B. To discover a new element.B. To produce a glowing substance. D. To reform modern chemistry.38.The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .A.mysteryB. symbolC. obstacleD. foundation39.What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage?A.He was a serious chemist who followed established scientific methods.B.He was a visionary scientist who predicted the future of chemistry.C.He was a curious individual willing to explore unconventional ideas.D.He was a wealthy trader with a deep understanding of chemistry.BGoing underground?The Subway is the easiest way to get around the City Centre and WestEnd of Glasgow. Running every four minutes at peak times, it takesjust 24 minutes to complete a circuit of the 15 stations and costsas littleelse on the system.Last Trains40.According to the notice board, which of the following is TRUE?A.The subway is the only way to travel in the city.B.The subway runs every 4 minutes any time of the day.C.An entire journey of 24 stations takes 15 minutes.D.An adult ticket for a full circuit costs only £1.80.41.To arrive at Kelvinbridge on a weekday morning as soon as possible, you can take the earliest train from St Enoch at .A. 6:34B. 6:32C. 10:00D. 10:0342. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying .A. £6.45B. £8.40C. £10.75D. £12.90CFor the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, are powerful players in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and more. Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now.A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy – before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does.Shrinking gray matter may sound scary, but it happens to all of us throughout development to fine-tune our neural processing and make our brains more efficient. Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive. For example, you may be forgetting where your keys are, but you are way more focused on what is happening to your baby. Researchers are particularly interested in changes within brain regions that help with social cognition by allowing us to take on others’ perspectives.The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期), also driven by hormones. Other researchers have been able to detect whether someone had been pregnant based only on neuro imaging data from decades later. So despite the common saying that our brains stop developing in our mid-20s, hormones seem to drive big, long-lasting changes throughout adulthood.From studying the woman’s brain, researchers confirmed gray matter decreased by four percent over the course of pregnancy and that decrease persisted throughout the end of the study two years after giving bi rth. And it wasn’t just one area or network – 80% of brain regions shrunk. While certain areas and networks changed faster than others, the team doesn’t yet know what the implications are.43.The passage mainly tells us .A.how pregnancy impacts women’s memoryB. how brain scans lead to a breakthrough C． how puberty differs from pregnancy D. how brain changes during pregnancy44.Based on the research, a pregnant woman should changes accompanying “mommy brain”?A.peacefully acceptB. consciously avoidC． completely ignore D. eagerly expect45.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that .A.researchers have figured out why certain areas of brain change fasterB.despite similarity, brain changes in puberty aren’t driven by hormonesC.hormones are likely to cause brain changes beyond adolescenceA. Previously, they’ve trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria.B. Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade .C. This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting.D. However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents.E. Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach.F. For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade.D. the shrinkage of gray matter in brain stops shortly after childbirth46. What is the structure of this passage?A. Presenting a findingB. C. D.Describing a phenomenonSection C (8分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ratting on Crimes“You are never more than six feet away from a rat,” goes the saying. Though it has beenconcluded that this estimate is incorrect, it might soon be accurate for those involved in the illegal wildlife trade. A team of researchers have trained African rats to pick up the scents (气味) of endangered animal products, such as elephant ivory and rhino horn. 47.The rat pack can even identify these items when concealed among other substances, and havebeen shown to remember the smells after months of non-exposure. This isn’t the first time APOPO, a Tanzania-based non-profit, have recognized a potential for a super-rat workforce. 48.The organization looks to provide low-tech, cost-efficient solutions to pressing challengesthroughout Africa.The rats in the new study went through several demanding stages of training. They firstlearned to smell a target scent for several seconds to earn a flavoured reward. 49. The final step was memory consolidation training, where they were reintroduced to scents they’d not encountered for five and eight months, respectively. Despite the months of non-exposure, the rats showed perfect memory scores, suggesting that their cognitive memory performance is similar to that of dogs.Illegal capture, killing, and harvesting of animals and plants have increased dramatically inrecent years. For example, 55 African elephants are killed for their tusks every day, over 20,000 a year. This has to be stopped immediately.50 They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲). With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters’ worst enemy.Ⅲ. Summary Writing(10 分)Explaining Relating with other findings Introducing a topicProviding examples Summarizing the main points Stating a problemProposing solutions Analyzing the causes Predicting the future trends Evaluating the solutions51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far aspossible.The Significance of Cattle in Maasai SocietyCattle are the traditional partners of the Maasai people of East Africa. The traditional Maasai diet is heavily centered around cattle products. Milk is a fundamental component of the Maasai diet, consumed daily and in various for ms. Fresh milk, known as “enkirowua”, is often drunk straight or mixed with herbs for added flavor and medicinal benefits. Processed milk, or “mokore”, is a popular variation, providing rich source of nutrition. Cattle’s meat is another important part of t he Maasai diet, consumed during special occasions and ceremonies. Every part of the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resourcefulness and respect for their livestock. It represents strength and the community’s collective wealth.Cattle hold significa nt value in Maasai social life. An individual’s social status is heavily influenced by cattle ownership. The number of cattle one possesses directly relates with his standing in the community. This is particularly evident during traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, where the exchange of cattle as gifts signifies the strong bond between families and a shared commitment to the future. Families there share responsibilities in cattle care and their collective management promotes unity and teamwork. For example, the process of milking is a shared activity, involving both men and women and strengthening social bonds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as droughts or other hardships when the well-being of the cattle is crucial.Cattle also play a big role in Maasai rituals and ceremonies, accompanying individuals from birth to death. For example, the sacrifice of a cow during naming ceremonies or funerals not only celebrates the occasion but also strengthens the community’s spiritual connecti on with their livestock. These rituals highlight the spiritual importance of cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual worlds, thus firmly establishing their central role in Maasai culture.Ⅳ. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52.农忙季节，这个偏远的小村子显得空荡荡的。

上海市浦东新区2018届第一学期高三一模考试和答案

I. Listening 25分1~5 C C B D D 6~10 A D B D C 11~13 A C D 14~16 B C A 17~20 C A D B21. which 22.since 23. powered 24. to offer 25. because/as26. is heated 27. using 28. can/shall/should 29. Others 30. whatever31-40 H D F K E G A B C I41-45 B A D C C46-50 A B B C A51-55 D A B D C56-59 A D D B60-62 D C B63-66 D A D A67-70 A F E CIV．Summary Writing 10分Conflict can lead to violence, so students should be taught how to handle it. /Conflict is inevitable and minor insults may cause it. / Staying calm, avoiding aggressive words is the priority. /To promote mutual understanding, they should listen to each other and ask questions. /Finally, thinking about what they are hearing can help minimize misunderstanding. (55 words)V. Translation 15分1．为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。

(leave)For the sake of safety/For safety, children/a child should not be left alone at home.2．深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。

[精品]2018年上海市奉贤区中考英语一模试卷含参考答案

2018年上海市奉贤区中考英语一模试卷一、Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）1．（1分）Which of the following word matches the sound[θru：]？（）A．though B．through C．thought D．thorough2．（1分）Alisa is such_______ honest student that she is often praised by her teachers．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/3．（1分）The lift in our building suddenly broke down and we got trapped_______floors．（）A．in B．on C．between D．among4．（1分）The high﹣speed rail train"FuXing"can run at a speed of over _______kilometers an hour．（）A．three hundred B．three hundredsC．three hundred of D．three hundreds of5．（1分）﹣﹣﹣How soon will you leave？I'm not sure，probably in______ten minutes．（）A．Other B．others C．another D．the other6．（1分）The doctor gave me some useful ______on how to improve my physical health．（）A．suggestion B．message C．medicineD．advice7．（1分）Please practice playing the violin regularly，______you will improve your skills．（）A．and B．or C．but D．so8．（1分）The music my cousin has just played sounds really______．I enjoyed every minute of it．（）A．beautifully B．well C．wonderful D．gently9．（1分）After so many experiments，Susan was finally awarded_____ scientist of the year．（）A．creative B．more creativeC．most creative D．the most creative10．（1分）Angela needs to download"Translating App"when she visits Spain．She_____ speak asingle Spanish word．（）A．mustn't B．can't C．needn't D．shouldn't11．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_____do you usually visit your grandparents？﹣﹣﹣We used to visit them once a month．But now we go to see them twice a month．A．How far B．How long C．How often D．How soon12．（1分）Joan can't join us．She for the lesson she will have next week．（）A．prepares B．will prepare C．is preparing D．prepared13．（1分）1didn't pick up Lucy at the airport，she____by the time I arrived．（）A．has left B．will leave C．left D．had left14．（1分）A lot of new houses____in this large open area in the past five years．A．are built B．have been builtC．were built D．will be built15．（1分）﹣Would you like to go to the cinema with us tonight？﹣﹣﹣Thank you，but I would rather____at home and watch the Realty Show on TV．（）A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed16．（1分）Many young people spend much of their spare time____online．（）A．chat B．to chat C．chatting D．chatted17．（1分）____important memory is!We cannot work well without it．（）A．How B．How an C．What D．What an18．（1分）Could you please tell me _________？（）A．how can I get to the supermarketB．how could I get to the supermarketC．how I can get to the supermarketD．how I could get to the supermarket19．（1分）﹣﹣﹣1was ill and missed many classes．I don't know how to keep up with my classmates．_________________________．（）A．Don't worry．I'll help youB．That's all rightC．I don't feel like itD．I'm afraid I have no time20．（1分）﹣﹣﹣I'm terribly sorry that I laughed at you this afternoon．﹣﹣﹣_______，but please don't make fun of others next time．A．All right B．No problemC．Never mind D．With pleasure二、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once （将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8 分）21．（4分）A）health B）regular C）everyday D）diet E）repairIt is said that the eyes are the windows to our soul．However，to have healthy eyes，you have to look after them properly．Your eyes need（21）attention．First，you have to pay more attention to your（22）．Have more fresh fruits，vegetables，fish，eggs and milk．Ifs good for your eyes．Besides，a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2should also be taken．Second，you must have a（23）and sound sleep．It relaxes the eye muscles and gives them the rest required．Sleep can help the body to（24）its tired tissues（组织）．Usually，you must sleep for at least seven to eight hours every day．Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under the eyes．25．（4分）A）harmful B）working on C）helpful D）exercise E）directlyNext，it's necessary for you to（25）your eyes every day．Blink your eyes at regular periods to make the eyeballs watery，and give them a good wash．Last，you should use your eyes correctly．For example，if a small thing goes into youreye，don't start rubbing it．Rubbing is（26）to your eyes．Don't read or write in poor or bright sunlight because sunlight can cause eye tiredness．Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sunshine from shining（27）into your eyes．Too much reading，writing，watching television or（28）the computer can also cause eye tiredness，so a good rest is required．Take care of God's most beautiful gift!三、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）29．（1分）My workmate won first prize in the City Half Marathon when he was in his．（fifty）30．（1分）The school uniforms in their school are usually designed by students （they）31．（1分）We should make full use of science and technology to enjoy a life，（colour）32．（1分）To improve your writing skills，you'd better a habit of reading．（development）33．（1分）Airships use much fuel than planes，so they are better for the environment，（little）34．（1分）His homework was done so there were few mistakes in it．（careful ）35．（1分）She is a woman with a strong．Once she has made a decision，no one can changeher mind，（person）36．（1分）He has for his carelessness several times，but she still seems unhappy，（apology）四、Rewrite the following sentences as required （根据所给要求，改写下列句子．每空格限填一词）（共14分）37．（2分）Shanghai Disney Resort welcomed over a million tourists last year．（改为一般疑问句）Shanghai Disney Resort over a million tourists last year？38．（2分）Frame sizes are varied to make the strip more interesting．（对划线部分提问）frame sizes varied？39．（2分）Her youngest son knows nothing about his hometown．（改为反义疑问问）Her youngest son knows nothing about his hometown，？40．（2分）You can buy train tickets from the station．You can also buy them on the Internet．（合并一句）You can buy train tickets from the stationon the Internet．41．（2分）The maths problem was too difficult for anybody to work out．（保持句意基本不变）The maths problem was difficult that could work it out．42．（2分）Mary wrote a letter in English to her pen﹣pal in the US•（改成被动语态）A letter in English to her pen﹣pal in the US by Mary．43．（2分）green consumers，let's，and，a better life，enjoy，on the Earth，be，（连词成句）．五、阅读理解44．（12分）I teach economics in a university three times per week．Last Monday，at the beginning of class，I asked my students how their weekend had been．One young man said that his weekend had not been so good．He had his wisdom teeth removed．Then he went on to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful．His question reminded me of something I'd read somewhere before：Every morning when you get up，you have a choice about how you want to live that day．I said，"I choose to be cheerful．，"Let me give you an example，"I continued．"Besides teaching here，I also teach at a college in Henderson，17miles down the freeway from where I live．One day a few weeks ago，I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive．I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college．But just thenmy car died．I tried to start it again，but the engine wouldn't work．So I put my flashes on，took my books，and walked down the road to the college．As soon as I got there，I called AAA （汽车协会）and asked for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class．The secretary there asked me what had happened．"This is my lucky day，"I replied，smiling．"Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day？What do you mean？""My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway．It didn't，"I replied．"Instead，it broke down at the perfect place：off the freeway，within walking distance of here．I'm still able to teach my class，and I've been able to ask for the tow truck to meet me after class!If my car was meant to break down today，it couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient way．"I ended my story．In spite of （尽管）the early hour，no one in my class seemed to be asleep．Somehow，my story had touched them．44．The writer of this story is a．A．traffic policemanB．university teacherC．secretary at AAAD．a professional writer45．In the young man's eyes，the writer was．A．a happy personB．a lucky manC．a rich manD．a good driver46．The writer when his car broke down that day．A．complained for a long timeB．called AAA for help at onceC．waited there for someone's helpD．walked to his workplace47．The secretary must have felt when she heard the writer said"This is my lucky day．A．pleasedB．surprisedC．disappointedD．excited48．The writer meant by saying"This is my lucky day．''A．he was just a little bit late for work that dayB．there were no big problems with his carC．everything still went well although his car diedD．it was great that his car died49．We can learn from the story that．A．it's important to keep your car in good conditionB．we should learn to be positive in times of troubleC．teachers need special skills to give good lessonsD．personal experiences can touch a person's heart．50．（12分）How do you get on with your teachers？Every day，we spend hours with our teachers at school．We learn from them and they teach us to （50）be good people．The relationship between students and teachers is very important．Teachers care about our studies and lives，and it seems they know everything about the（51）they teach．They also have the right to decide （52）should be the class leader or represent the class to take part in the activities．So many students want to be the teachers*pets．We show teachers great respect．In class，we obey the rules and keep quiet if the teacher doesn't ask us to speak．We （53 ）have opinions．different from our teachers'．When they make a mistake，we are afraid to point it out．Some of usdon't want to contact teachers after class because we don't want to bother them．At American schools，the situation is a little different．Teachers and students are more likefriends．Calling a teacher by his or her name is common．In class，Students（54）their opinions freely and challenge teachers whenthey don't agree．If it（55）that a teacher made a mistake，theteacher will say"（56）''in front of the whole class．Students and teachers also communicate through email，Facebook or Twitter afterclass．They chat about studies and life experiences．Teachers are like our parents and our friends．So we shouldrespect our teachers．51．A）studies B）subjects C）stories D）suggestions 52．A）what B）which C））who D）how53．A）often B）sometimes C）almost D）hardly54．A）express B）explain C）expect D）excuse55．A）takes out B）turns out C）comes out D）puts out56．A）OK B）thanks C）sorry D）yes．57．（14分）Have you ever eaten at a restaurant that seizes Western food？If so，do you remember what the menu looked like？Western restaurant menus are quite different from Chinese restaurant menus．But how are they different？Most Western restaurant menus do not have as many p（57）as Chinese ones do．In some fancy Western restaurants，the menus might not have any pictures at all．But most Western menus show a list of ingredients for each dish．If you order a burger，the menu might tell you that the burger has cheese，ketchup and mustard 0Y末）．The menu can also tell you how the food is cooked﹣﹣﹣for example，（58）w it is fried orsteamed．Western restaurants use many different methods to design their menus and make themmore （59）a．In fact，there is a whole industry called"menu engineering"，according to theBBC．Menu engineers are experts at designing menus．Their menus can（60）i sales andinfluence customers'thoughts．A well﹣designed menu can encourage customers to eat certain dishes．It can （61）emake them believe that your restaurant's food is of higher quality，thought they might haven'teaten the food．For example，using descriptive （描述性的）words（62）s "juicy"or"cheesy"can helpdishes sell better．Instead of just writing"steak"in their menu，a restaurant might write"sizzlingsteak"．This makes the steak sound more delicious．Also，it is （63）k that people pay the most attention to items placed at the top of a page．This is the best place for dishes that you want to promote．As you can see，menus are not just simple lists of food!64．（12分）Answer the questions （根据以下内容回答问题）When taking an elevator，do you often push the"Close"button？You hope by pushing it，the elevator door will close faster．But what if the button is actually fake（假的）？Karen Penafiel is the executive director（执行董事）of the US'NationalElevator Industry．She said that elevators'"close"buttons are a complete trick，at least in the US，and that doors will not close any faster despite how hard you push．In the 1990s the Americans with Disabilities Act （《美国残疾人法案》）was passed in the US．It means all elevators have to stay open long enough to allow disabled people to enter．Only US firefighters and elevator workers can really use the buttons with special keys．But the buttons aren't completely useless．According to psychologists（心、理学家），fake buttons can make you feel better．They give you a sense of control that can helpreduce stress．That's why some other buttons in our lives are fake，too，■For example，many offices in the US have fake thermostats（温控器）．People may feel better when they think they can control the temperature in their workspace．You were told that traffic light buttons could help make the traffic signals change faster．But they may not really work either．However，even when people know these little"white lies"，they still push fake buttons．As long as the doors finally close，it seems worthy，John Kounios is a psychology professor at Drexel University in the US．He told The New York Times that he always pushes the traffic light buttons．"After all，I've got nothing else to do while waiting．So why not push the button on the off chance that this one will work？"64．The"close"buttons of the elevators in the US don't really work，do they？65．What do people hope when they push the"close"button in an elevator？66．Who can really use the"close"buttons of elevators in the US according to the passage？67．Why do the fake buttons make people feel better？68．What other examples does the passage show that fake buttons aren't completely useless？69．Will you push the fake buttons next time when you take the elevator or wait at the traffic lights？Why or why not？．六、Writing （作文）：（共20分）65．（15分）Write at least 60words on the topic"Imagine 2020"（以"畅想2020 年"为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）未来已来，请发挥你的想象力，畅想2020年你的生活中会有哪些令人欣喜的变化．（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名．校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分．）The following is for reference only （以下表达仅供参考）enjoybe more convenientnot…any longer．2018年上海市奉贤区中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）1．（1分）Which of the following word matches the sound[θru：]？（）A．though B．through C．thought D．thorough【解答】答案：B．though的音标是[ðəʊ]；through的音标是[θru：]；thought的音标是[θɔ：t]；thorough的音标是[ˈθʌrə]；因此可知through的音标与给出的音标一样，故选B．2．（1分）Alisa is such_______ honest student that she is often praised by her teachers．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/【解答】答案：B．a ，an，the．三者都是冠词．a，an 是不定冠词，表泛指，译为"一个"，a用在辅音音素开头的单词前面；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词，翻译为"这，那，这些，那些"．因honest 是以元音音素开头的单词，故用an ，由题干"爱丽丝是这样一个诚实的学生以致于她经常被她的老师们表扬．"可知，故答案应选择B．3．（1分）The lift in our building suddenly broke down and we got trapped_______floors．（）A．in B．on C．between D．among【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我们大楼的电梯突然坏了，我们被困在两层楼之间．这里两层楼之间用between，故选C．4．（1分）The high﹣speed rail train"FuXing"can run at a speed of over _______kilometers an hour．（）A．three hundred B．three hundredsC．three hundred of D．three hundreds of【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是高铁列车"复兴号"可以以每小时三百公里的速度行驶．前面是具体的数词three，后接hundred的单数，故选A．其它表达是错误的．5．（1分）﹣﹣﹣How soon will you leave？I'm not sure，probably in______ten minutes．（）A．Other B．others C．another D．the other【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是你要多久才能离开？我不确定，可能再过十分钟吧．这里another+ten minutes意思相当于ten more minutes，故选C．A另外的，B其他人，D两者中的另外一个．6．（1分）The doctor gave me some useful ______on how to improve my physical health．（）A．suggestion B．message C．medicineD．advice【解答】答案：D．考查名词．A建议，可数名词（应该用复数）．B消息．C药．D 建议．结合语境"医生给了我一些有益于改善身体健康的__．"．可知，应该是"建议"，some修饰不可数名词advice．选D．7．（1分）Please practice playing the violin regularly，______you will improve your skills．（）A．and B．or C．but D．so【解答】答案：Aand和，表示并列；or 否则，或者；but但是；so所以；根据句意：请经常练习小提琴，你会提高你的技能．是并列的关系故选，故选A．8．（1分）The music my cousin has just played sounds really______．I enjoyed every minute of it．（）A．beautifully B．well C．wonderful D．gently【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我表弟演奏的音乐听起来实在优美，我从头到尾都很欣赏．前面是系动词sounds，后接形容词，故选C优美的．A漂亮地，副词，B好地，副词，D温柔地．9．（1分）After so many experiments，Susan was finally awarded_____ scientist of the year．（）A．creative B．more creativeC．most creative D．the most creative【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是经过多次实验，苏珊终于被评为今年最具创造力的科学家．后面of the year是比较的范围，用最高级，故选D．10．（1分）Angela needs to download"Translating App"when she visits Spain．She_____ speak asingle Spanish word．（）A．mustn't B．can't C．needn't D．shouldn't【解答】答案：B．can't ：不能（表示能力）；不可能（表示推测）．mustn't ：禁止．shouldn't ：不应该（表示责备）；应该不，应该没有（表示推测）．needn't ：不必，没有必要．由上句Angela needs to download"Translating App"when she visits Spain 当安吉拉访问西班牙的时候，她需要下载"翻译程序"．应该是她不可能，应该用can′t．由题干"当安吉拉访问西班牙的时候，她需要下载"翻译程序"．她不可能说一种单一的西班牙语言．"可知，故答案应选择B ..11．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_____do you usually visit your grandparents？﹣﹣﹣We used to visit them once a month．But now we go to see them twice a month．A．How far B．How long C．How often D．How soon【解答】答案：C．考查疑问词组．how far多远，对距离提问．how long多久，对一段时间或长度提问．how often多久，对频率提问．how soon "多快/多久以后"，其后用in加一段时间来回答．结合语境"我们过去一个月去看他们一次，但现在我们每个月去看他们两次．"，可知，对频率提问用疑问词组how often．选C．12．（1分）Joan can't join us．She for the lesson she will havenext week．（）A．prepares B．will prepare C．is preparing D．prepared【解答】答案：C．现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，其构成是：am/is/are+现在分词．根据"Joan can't join us．"琼不能加入我们，结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话的意思是"琼不能加入我们，她正在准备下周要上的课．"故选C．13．（1分）1didn't pick up Lucy at the airport，she____by the time I arrived．（）A．has left B．will leave C．left D．had left【解答】答案：D．过去完成时表示在过去的某个动作或时间之前发生或完成的动作，其构成是：had+过去分词．根据"by the time I arrived．"我到达的时候是一个过去的动作，by the time意思是"在…之前"在我达到之前，所以要用过去完成时来填空，因此可知这句话的意思是"我在飞机场没有接到露西，我到达的时候她已经走了．"故选D．14．（1分）A lot of new houses____in this large open area in the past five years．A．are built B．have been builtC．were built D．will be built【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是在过去的五年里在这个大的开放地区很多新房子已经被建造了．动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，且主语是动作的承受者，用现在完成时的被动语态，结构是have/has been done，主语是复数，故选B．15．（1分）﹣Would you like to go to the cinema with us tonight？﹣﹣﹣Thank you，but I would rather____at home and watch the Realty Show on TV．（）A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？谢谢你，但我宁愿呆在家在电视上观看电视节目the Realty Show．考查短语would rather do，故选A．16．（1分）Many young people spend much of their spare time____online．（）A．chat B．to chat C．chatting D．chatted【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是许多年轻人把大部分空闲时间花在网上聊天上．考查短语spend time doing，故选C．17．（1分）____important memory is!We cannot work well without it．（）A．How B．How an C．What D．What an【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是记忆是多么重要啊！没有它我们就不能工作．这是一个感叹句，修饰的中心词是一个可数名词memory，前面被形容词important修饰，故用what，因important是以元音音素开头的单词，故前面加冠词an，故选D．how修饰的中心词是形容词．18．（1分）Could you please tell me _________？（）A．how can I get to the supermarketB．how could I get to the supermarketC．how I can get to the supermarketD．how I could get to the supermarket【解答】答案：C．空格前面的词语是tell me，结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话考查的宾语从句，在宾语从句中要用陈述语序，因此可知这句话的意思是"你能告诉我我怎么到达超市吗？" can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力，故选C．19．（1分）﹣﹣﹣1was ill and missed many classes．I don't know how to keep up with my classmates．_________________________．（）A．Don't worry．I'll help youB．That's all rightC．I don't feel like itD．I'm afraid I have no time【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我生病了，错过了很多课，我不知道如何赶上我的同学．别担心，我将帮助你．故选A别担心，我将帮助你．B 没关系，C我不想要它，D恐怕我没有时间．20．（1分）﹣﹣﹣I'm terribly sorry that I laughed at you this afternoon．﹣﹣﹣_______，but please don't make fun of others next time．A．All right B．No problemC．Never mind D．With pleasure【解答】答案：C．考查交际用语．A好的．B没问题．C没关系．D很荣幸．结合语境"非常抱歉今天下午我嘲笑你．"．可知，应该是"没关系"．选C．二、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once （将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8 分）21．（4分）A）health B）regular C）everyday D）diet E）repairIt is said that the eyes are the windows to our soul．However，to have healthy eyes，you have to look after them properly．Your eyes need（21）C attention．First，you have to pay more attention to your（22）D．Have more fresh fruits，vegetables，fish，eggs and milk．Ifs good for your eyes．Besides，a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2should also be taken．Second，you must have a（23）B and sound sleep．It relaxes the eye muscles and gives them the rest required．Sleep can help the body to（24）E its tired tissues （组织）．Usually，you must sleep for at least seven to eight hours every day．Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under the eyes．【解答】21．C．形容词考查．结合attention前面用形容词来修饰，结合句意眼睛需要日常的关注，故答案是C．22．D．名词考查．to后加名词，结合后文Have more fresh fruits，vegetables，fish，eggs and milk是说饮食diet．故答案是D．23．B．形容词考查．结合and sound sleep这里用形容词regular规律的，故答案是B．24．E．动词考查．结合help the body to用help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事，结合its tired tissues用repair修复，故答案是E．25．（4分）A）harmful B）working on C）helpful D）exercise E）directlyNext，it's necessary for you to（25）D your eyes every day．Blink your eyes at regular periods to make the eyeballs watery，and give them a good wash．Last，you should use your eyes correctly．For example，if a small thing goes into your eye，don't start rubbing it．Rubbing is（26）A to your eyes．Don't read or write in poor or bright sunlight because sunlight can cause eye tiredness．Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sunshine from shining（27）E into your eyes．Too much reading，writing，watching television or（28）B the computer can also cause eye tiredness，so a good rest is required．Take care of God's most beautiful gift!【解答】25．D．动词考查．结合it's necessary for you to联想到it's+adj+for sb+to do sth对于某人来说做某事是怎样的，这里缺少动词，结合句意用动词exercise 锻炼，故选D．26．A．动词短语考查．结合don't start rubbing it可知不要揉眼睛，可知揉眼睛不好，有害，故harmful，结合be harmful to对……有害，故选A．27．E．副词考查．结合Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sunshine from shining 是说带上墨镜是为了让太阳直射眼睛，故用副词directly直接的，故答案是E．28．B．短语考查．结合the computer 用短语work on，结合reading，writing，watching television 用动名词形式，故选B．三、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）29．（1分）My workmate won first prize in the City Half Marathon when he was in his fifties．（fifty）【解答】答案：fifties 根据提示，推测意思是我的同事在他50多岁的时候在城市半程马拉松比赛中赢得了第一名．这里用in one's fifties表示某人50几岁的时候，故答案是fifties．30．（1分）The school uniforms in their school are usually designed by students themselves（they）【解答】答案：themselves 根据提示，推测意思是他们学校的校服通常由学生自己设计．前面是介词by，故这里需要they的反身代词，故答案是themselves．31．（1分）We should make full use of science and technology to enjoy a colourful life，（colour）【解答】答案：colourful．考查形容词．句意"我们应该充分利用科学技术享受___生活．"．可知，修饰名词life生活．用形容词"丰富多彩的"．填colourful．32．（1分）To improve your writing skills，you'd better develop a habit of reading．（development）【解答】答案：develop 考查单词填空．根据题干：had better do 最好做某事，后面要用动词原型，development是名词，动词是develop．33．（1分）Airships use much less fuel than planes，so they are better for the environment，（little）【解答】答案：less．考查比较级．句意"飞艇使用的燃料比飞机少得多，所以它们对环境来说是更好的．"．由than比，可知，两者比较，用little的比较级less 更少．34．（1分）His homework was carefully done so there were few mistakes in it．（careful ）【解答】答案：carefully．根据there were few mistakes in it．很少的错误．结合给出的英语提示以及空格后面的词语是动词，所以要用副词来修饰动词，因此可知这句话的意思是"他的家庭作业做的很仔细，所以作业里就很少的错误．"故填carefully．35．（1分）She is a woman with a strong personality．Once she has made a decision，no one can changeher mind，（person）【解答】答案：personality．根据"Once she has made a decision，no one can change her mind"personality．一旦她做出了决定，就没有人能够改变她的主意．给出的词语的意思是"人"空格前面的词语是形容词strong，所以要用名词来填空，结合后半部分句子的意思，因此可知这句话的意思是"她是一个具有很强个性的女人"故填personality．36．（1分）He has apologized for his carelessness several times，but she still seems unhappy，（apology）【解答】答案：apologized．根据给出的词语是动词，er空格前面的词语是has，因此可知这句话考查的是现在完成时，现在完成时的构成是"have/has+过去分词"因此可知这句话的意思是"他已经就粗心大意道歉好几次了，但是她仍然看起来不高兴．"故填apologized．四、Rewrite the following sentences as required （根据所给要求，改写下列句子．每空格限填一词）（共14分）37．（2分）Shanghai Disney Resort welcomed over a million tourists last year．（改为一般疑问句）Did Shanghai Disney Resort welcome over a million tourists last year？【解答】答案：Did；welcome．考查一般疑问句．由last year去年．可知，一般过去时态，含有实意动词，变一般疑问句在句首用助动词did．谓语动词用原形welcome．答案是Did；welcome．38．（2分）Frame sizes are varied to make the strip more interesting．（对划线部分提问）Why are frame sizes varied？【解答】答案：Why are考查句型转换．句意：框大小不一是为了使这条线更有趣．为什么框大小不一？根据题干可知划线部分是为了使这条线更有趣．句子为一般现在时．提问应该问为什么框大小不一？why开头．be动词是are．故答案为Why are．39．（2分）Her youngest son knows nothing about his hometown．（改为反义疑问问）Her youngest son knows nothing about his hometown，doesn't he？【解答】答案：doesn't he 考查句型转换．句意：她最小的儿子对他的家乡一无所知，对吗？根据题干改为反义疑问问，可知原句是一般现在时，主语是Her youngest son ，第三人称单数，所以用人称代词he，所以用助动词does，前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式，故答案为doesn't he．40．（2分）You can buy train tickets from the station．You can also buy them on the Internet．（合并一句）You can buy train tickets either from the stationon or the Internet．【解答】答案：either，or．考查句型转换．句意：你可以从车站或互联网上购买火车票．根据题干合并一句，可知应说你可以从车站或互联网上购买火车票．either…or…要么…要么…，或者．故答案为either，or．41．（2分）The maths problem was too difficult for anybody to work out．（保持句意基本不变）The maths problem was so difficult that nobody could work it out．【解答】答案：so；nobody 考查句型转换．句意：数学问题太难了，任何人都无法解决．数学问题很难解决，没有人能解决这个问题．根据题干可知原句为too …to 句型，表示太…而不能．时态为一般过去时．保持句意不变，可以用so …that…举行时，表示如此..以至于．数学问题很难解决，没有人能解决这个问题．所以第二个空填nobody．故答案为so；nobody．42．（2分）Mary wrote a letter in English to her pen﹣pal in the US•（改成被动语态）A letter was written in English to her pen﹣pal in the US by Mary．【解答】答案：was written 考查句型转换．句意：玛丽用英语给她在美国的笔友写了一封信．原句是一个主动句，变为被动语态主语是A letter，句子为一般过去时．变为被动语态构成是：was或were+done．write的过去分词是written．故答案为：was written．43．（2分）green consumers，let's，and，a better life，enjoy，on the Earth，be，（连词成句）Let's be green consumers and enjoy a better life on the Earth．【解答】答案：Let's be green consumers and enjoy a better life on the Earth．考查连词成句．这是一个祈使句．Let's开头．后跟be动词原形be是．green consumers 绿色消费者．and连接并列成分．用动词原形enjoy享受．a better life一个更好的生活．on the Earth在地球上，地点状语．答案是Let's be green consumers and enjoy a better life on the Earth．五、阅读理解44．（12分）I teach economics in a university three times per week．Last Monday，at the beginning of class，I asked my students how their weekend had been．One young man said that his weekend had not been so good．He had his wisdom teeth removed．Then he went on to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful．His question reminded me of something I'd read somewhere before：Every morning when you get up，you have a choice about how you want to live that day．I said，"I choose to be cheerful．，"Let me give you an example，"I continued．"Besides teaching here，I also teach at a college in Henderson，17miles down the freeway from where I live．One day a few weeks ago，I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive．I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college．But just then my car died．I tried to start it again，but the engine wouldn't work．So I put my flashes on，took my books，and walked down the road to the college．As soon as I got there，I called AAA （汽车协会）and asked for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class．The secretary there asked me what had happened．"This is my lucky day，"I replied，smiling．"Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day？What do you mean？""My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway．It didn't，"I replied．"Instead，it broke down at the perfect place：off the freeway，within walking distance of here．I'm still able to teach my class，and I've been able to ask for the tow truck to meet me after class!If my car was meant to break down today，it couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient way．"。

2018届高三英语一模汇编

2018 届高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解 C【黄浦区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D 、Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read 、( C )① Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life、According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria ’s Deakin University, “ It ’ s Australians ’ egalitarianism, sense of humor andinformal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude 、”②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built 、 In Australia ’ s founding era in the late 1700s,criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors 、 The criminalclass, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved forimmigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be‘ rewarding criminality 、 Because’ of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers、 They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality 、③ The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times 、 Philologist Sidney Bakeronce wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life ’、 Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated evenfurther –so ‘ have Captains Cook’(have a look), became ‘ avacaptains、 This’same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses、 Words like ‘ good day ’ became ‘ g’ day ’ , and‘barbecuebarbie、’was④ The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians ’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺得）sense of humor、 While in many countries it ’ s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side 、 On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush fire 、 A road sign warning drivers aboutwildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct 、 Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal fire’、s tailIcouldnwason ’ t help but laughit –was a brilliant reminder of the country ‘ nothing upsets’s us ’-authoritarianandanti attitude 、⑤ And one thing you can ’ t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country ’ s plentiful amounts of space、 This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians ’ relaxed attitude 、63、 The underlined wor d “ egalitarianism ” is closest to __________ in meaning、A 、 criminalityB 、 crueltyC 、 equalityD 、governmentalism64、 Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A、 They use more slangs than other people、B、 They give new meanings to existent words 、C、 They favour shortened forms of expressions 、D、 They coin terms in memory of criminal times 、65、 What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A、 Kangaroos ’ nglivi conditions are getting tougher 、B、 Forest fires threaten Australians life to a great’ extent 、C、 Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria 、D、 Australians ’ jokes may not becarelessas as they seem on the surface、66、 The passage mainly talks about __________、A、 how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB、 why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC、 what contributes to Australians relaxed lifestyle’D、 how Australians present their attitude towards life答案 ;63-66CCDD【虹口区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages、 Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements、 For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、 (C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker,cheaper electronic systems、 Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the world ’ s commodities exchange 、 On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit ( 公然叫价交易厅） in Dublinto handle Brentcrude futures （布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准） contract for pricing two-thirds of theworld ’ s oil 、[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London ’ Internationals Petroleum Exchange (IPE), whichtrades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, anAmerican benchmark grade 、 The new pit is a response to the IPE ’ s efforts to modernise、 On the same day asNYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-out cry session:now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch 、[3]The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds ( 对冲基金 ) or energy companies, preferopen-outcry because it allows for more liquidity 、 Although most other exchanges are heading in the oppositedirection, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX,pressure from“ locals--self-employed” traders—is helpingto support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronicsystems、 Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor、Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lastinguntil2017, for its trading floor in London、[4]Dublin ’news pit is “ showingpromise ”says, Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a fewtechnical glitches 、 On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over athird of the volume in the IPE s new morning’ electronic session 、 By the year’ s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, itshould be clear whether the venture will be feasible、It would stand a better chance if it moved to London、Itmay yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain、[5]In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不行连续得 )、Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task、 Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contractsfrom the Chicago Board of Trade 、 It has made little progress 、 And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contractsbefore, without success 、[6]Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? Therehave been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen、 Some say that the freewheelingNYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix 、 For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete untilone has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic、63、 According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________、A 、 both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB、 partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC、 rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD、 both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64、 The word“ glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means、A 、 backwardnessB 、disappointments C、 engineers D 、problems65、 From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________ 、A 、2018 届高三英语一模汇编trading volume in the IPE morning’snewelectronic session is fallingB、 London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC、 Britain ’ s regulators are efficientless than those of IrelandD、 the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66、 We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________ 、A 、 it ’ s very unlikely that theNYMEX and the IPE could combine theirbusinesses B、 the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC、 the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD、 the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案： 63-66: C D B A【浦东新区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D 、Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read 、C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly、But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities、The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities、 If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned 、 But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J 、 Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isntrue、The mouth is home to many species of microbes、Most are good、Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar 、 This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay 、 To try to find out whether a child ’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr 、 Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins 、Their “ volunteers were” 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months、The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection 、 This was when the researchers swabbed the children’ s gingival sulci （ the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect ）to find out what was there、 The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel （ a tooth ’ s hard, outer layer ） ; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well 、Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities、Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds 、 This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth ’ecologys fades with time 、Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents 、 Brushing, however, may not be the only approach 、 Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur 、 It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too、 This is an area of on going research 、 But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host 、63、 What does “ hypothesis refer” to in paragraph 1?2018 届高三英语一模汇编A 、 Children ’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay 、B、 Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay 、C、 Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing 、D、 Somegenes are more likely to lead to dental cavites 、64、 Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out 、A 、 whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB、 which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC、 what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD、 why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65、 Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A 、 Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed 、B、 The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time 、C、 The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities 、D、 Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins 、66、 What can we learn from the last paragraph?A 、 The existence of multiple microbes benefits children ’、s oral ecosystemB、 What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child 、’ s oral ecosystemC、 Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay 、D、 Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem 、答案： 63-66 DADA【长宁区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、 For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work 、 Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies( 补助 ) by foreigngovernments 、 Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped” their products in the United States at “less than fair value 、”Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief( 救援 )、Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped 、 As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships 、 The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company、 Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect、 Suppose a United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States 、 If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the imports — and that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroad — the United States company ’ sproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties、Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations( 控告 ) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads 、 The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate （结合公司） with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations 、 The “ UnitedStates” company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “ Canadian ” companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt 、63、 The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________2018 届高三英语一模汇编A 、arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporationsB、warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC、recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD、advocating theuse of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for otherimports 、64、 What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC____________ 、A 、 A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value 、B、 A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US 、C、 The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts 、D、 The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US 、65、 What is the function of the last paragraph?A 、 It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch、B、 It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier、C、 It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph 、D、 It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier 、66、 Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A 、 They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in theUS 、B、 Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits 、C、 They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations 、D、 Those helping one unit within a parent company won ’ t necessarily、helpother units答案： BDCD【徐汇区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、 For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、(C)More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms( 生物体 ) liveon the Earth 、 For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity( 多样性 )、 Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today、Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways 、 He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms 、Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing、 Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specificname of the species、 When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sincemany different species in different genera have the same specific name 、 Thespecific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species 、 Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism 、Whenthe genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that thename refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog、Linnaeus was alsothe originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层得 )groupings 、 Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, calledkingdoms、These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals 、 He divided each ofthese kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus issingular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to sharedphysical characteristics、Although moderntaxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus icationsystem as’ wellsclasasifhis method of grouping organisms according to observablesimilarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus’ s original groupings、Thebroadest level of life is now a domain、Allliving thingsfit into only three domains、Within each of these domains thereare kingdoms、Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed byclass, order, family, genus, and species、In addition to theLinnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi asseparate kingdoms、 The prokaryotesare the oldest and most abundant group of organisms 、 They are also the smallestcellular organisms、 Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in manyenvironments that support no other form of life, fall into this category、The protist kingdom is made up of a varietyof single-celledor simple multicellular organisms 、 Protists do not have much in common 、 They are, essentially, thoseorganisms which do not fit into any other kingdom 、 Fungi compose a third kingdom 、 Like plants, the cells of fungi havecell walls, giving them a tube-like structure 、 However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do 、Rather, theyacquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by otherorganisms、 Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi 、63、The writer gives the scientific name of thedomestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________ 、A 、 demonstrate Linnaeus ’ s method of classificationB、 introduce the need for a better system of namingorganismsC、 criticize the complexity of Linnaeus ’ s namingsystemD、 illustrate the necessity of including two partswhen naming organism64、Which of the following can be learned fromthe passage?A 、 The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus ’ s systemngisforclassifyinolonger in use 、B、 Linnaeus ’ s original system of classificationconsisted of 3 domains、C、 Linnaeus ’ s original system of classification isused today with little modifications、D、 Modern taxonomists have added categories andregrouped organisms、65、 Which of thefollowing is TRUE about protists?A 、 They do not share the characteristics of any of theother four kingdoms 、B、 They are grouped together based on similarcharacteristics 、C、 They are limited to single-cell organisms 、D、 They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms 、66、 Which of the following might be the besttitle of the passage?A 、 The Father of Modern TaxonomyB、 Classifying OrganismsC、 Development in Life FormsD、 Linnaeus ’ s Classification System答案： 63-66 DDAB【闵行区】Section BDirections: Read the following four passages、 Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinishedstatements、 For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read ．(C)One of the main challenges facingmany countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationandthe growing mult-language trend 、“ One of the main reasons for economicfailure in many African countries is thefact that, with a few importantexceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independentAfrican states 、” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Studyof Alternative Educationin South Africa at the University of Cape Town 、In response to the spread ofEnglish and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, manycountries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade 、 Insome, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in publicspaces such as advertising posters、 One of the first such legal provisions wasthe 1994 “ Toubon law ” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countriessince、Suct h en efforts to govern language use are often dismissedas futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultyin controlling fashions in speech and know from research that languageswitching among bilinguals is anatural process、It is especially difficult fornative speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “ purity ofa” language by law 、 Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continuallyabsorbed foreign words into its ownlanguage、 English is one of the most mixedand rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrierto acquiring prestige and power、 Another reason for the failure of many nativeEnglish speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it hasnever been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things 、 English has never had astate-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to theAcademic Francaise in France 、The need to protect nationallanguages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon — especially theneed to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields 、 Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted bytechnology, may be key fields to defend 、63、 Neville Alexander believes that?A 、 mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB、 globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC、 globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD、 lackof mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64、 Theunderlined word “ futile ” (in paragraph 2) most probably means“、“A 、 workable B、 practical C、 useless D 、 unnecessary65、 Whydo many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts describedin the passage?A 、 Theythink language protection laws are ineffective 、B、 Theywant their language to spread to other countries 、C、 Theyhave a long history of taking words from other languages 、D、 Itreduces a language ’ s ability to acquire international importance、66、 Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph?A 、 Englishhas taken over fields like public communication and education 、B、 Manyaspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English 、C、 Mostlanguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language 、D、 Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages 、答案： DCCB【普陀区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、 For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we areat all able to、 At a certain point, we will buildmachines that are smarter than weare、 Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin toimprove themselves、 And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “ intelligenceexplosion、Theprocess could”get out of control 、The concern is really that we will build machines that are much morecompetent than we are 、 And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us 、Just think about howwe relate to ants 、We don ’ t hate them、 We don ’ t go out of our way to harm them、 In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them、 We step over them on thesidewalk 、 But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of ourgoals, we will kill them without hesitation 、 The concern is that we will oneday build machines that, whether theyconscious or not, could treat us withsimilar disregard 、The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligentmachines 、 We have problems that we desperatelyneed to solve 、 So we will do this, if we can、The train is already out of the station, and there ’ s no brake to pull、 If we build machines that aremore intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop2018 届高三英语一模汇编in ways that wecan ’ t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can imagine’t 、So imagine we hit upon a designof superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns 、 This machinewould be the perfectlabor-saving device 、 It can design the machine that can build the machine which cando any physical work,powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials 、 So we ’ retalking about theend of human labour、 We’ realso talking about the end of mostintellectual work 、 So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in SiliconValley was about to deploy ( 配置 ) a superintelligent AI? This machine wouldbe capable of starting war, whether terrestrial ( 陆地得 )or cyber, with unbelievable power 、Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AIare likely to perceive(感知 ) themselves as being in a raceagainst all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seemslikelythat whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyedin the next moment、But the moment we admit that information processing is the source ofintelligence, we have to admit that we are inthe process of building some sortof god 、 Now would be a good time to make sure it ’ s a god we、can live with63、 When an intelligent machinebecomes smarter than humanity, 、A 、 it will make itself better andmay go beyond human controlB、 it will help people to thefullest, especially in physical workC、 it will threaten people byrobbing them of jobsD、 it will view itself as humanrace64、 The underlined word “ divergence ” in Paragraph 2 almost means the“same”、asA 、 connectionB 、 hatred C、competition D、 disagreement65、 How is the passage mainlydeveloped?A 、 By making comparisons 、B、 By showing valid evidence 、C、 By giving assumptions 、D、 By analyzing statistics 、66、 Which of the following is thebest title of the passage?A 、 For the God ’ s sake, stop AI andbe yourselves!B、 Can we build AI without losingcontrol over it?C、 For or against AI, that is thequestion!D、 How does superintelligence servethe people?答案： 63-66 ADCB【金山区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D 、 Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read 、(C)For many years, humans have tried to find thesecret to staying young 、 Although it has yet to be discovered, wemay be closerthan ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process 、A recent study by researchers from DukeUniversity in the US found that cutting one ’dailys intake of calories couldslow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to youryouthful looks a littlelonger 、Previous research has shown that calorierestrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice 、 So researchers wondered if itcould have the same effect on people 、To find out, Daniel Belsky and her teamexamined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based inthe US,which involved 220 people 、 During the two-year study, 145 people in therestriction group cut their calorieintake by 25 percent 、 Meanwhile, 75 peoplein the control group maintained their normal diets、。

【英语】上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

1. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airportB. In a hotelC. At a police station.D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20B. At4:40C. At4:50.D. At4:303. A. Its priceB. Its locationC. Its comfortD. Its facilities4. A Employer and employB. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit.B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis.B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied.B. Impatient.C. Exhausted.D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job.B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find out what covers the Earth.B. To list all living things on Earth.C. To work out the number of birds.D. To save the existing plants.15. A. It is run by school students.B. It focuses on different types of grass.C. It provides different levels of information.D. It allows non-scientists to review its data.16. A. We may know just a small part of all the living creatures of Earth.B. We have learnt most of the living creatures on Earth.C. Only scientists can help to make the Encyclopedia of Life.D. It won't be long before scientists collect all the data they need. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is a club for people from different countries to socialize.B. It is a club for British people to socialize in Washington.C. It is a club for people from different countries to discuss business.D. It is a club which arranges for people from different countries to do sports together.18. A. Monday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.D. Thursday.19. A. She can study and practise German free of charge.B. She can have a meal in a restaurant with anyone from different countries.C. She can communicate with all the sixty members at the moment.D. She doesn't need to pay for her first month in the club.20. A No activity is organized by International Friends Club on Wednesday.B. The woman came to America three months ago.C. International Friends Club organizes sports events for its members.D. If one wants to join in International Friends Club, he should fill in a form. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being humman. Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learnto change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applicationsD. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely onD. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasiveD. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeableD. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. proceduresD. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blindD. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claimD. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainableD. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objectionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forwardto pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.BEight Days from just E399Departs May—October 2018Includes:●Return flights from 8 UK airports to Naples●Return airport to hotel transport●Seven nights' accommodation at the 3☆ Hotel Nice●The services of guides●Government taxesJoin us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe's most wonderful comers. Long a favourite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area "happy land" —this simply attractive coastline of colourful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant' Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well—known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompei and the "Amalfi Drive", this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin / double room at the Hotel Nice.Like to know more? Then telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766(All calls charged at local rates).60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT_______.A. transport between the airport and the hotelB. telephone calls made by touristsC. the services of guides to touristsD. double rooms for every two tourists61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B. To advise people to telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.62. The underlined part "the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage mean_______.A. the area is pleasing to the eyeB. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists' eyeD. the area is crowded with touristsC"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressuresof work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common inGermany than in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any otherday of the week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because ______.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out______.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attackB. if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacksC. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attackD. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it sho uld be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world - Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi Rivertown of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to LittleFreelibrary. org. there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. when you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading, a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life, said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

2018届高三英语一模汇编

2018届高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解C【黄浦区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that i f criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘avacaptains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的） sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, theleftovers of a recent bush fire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh –it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined wor d “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminality C. equality64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use languageA. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4A. Kangaroos’ living conditions are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australians’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards life答案;63-66 CCDD【虹口区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NY MEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brentcrude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-out cry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders—is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contra ct, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’ s new morning electronicsession. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success. [6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means __________.A. backwardness C. engineers65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.A. it’s very u nlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案：63-66: C D B A【浦东新区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true. The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr. Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their “volunteers” were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci （the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetratedthe enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of on going research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.does “hypothesis” refer to in paragraph 1’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.children are programmed to develop tooth decay.are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.are more likely to lead to dental cavites.Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .genes have anything to do with dental decaygroup of twins are more likely to have decayed teethkinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decaythe ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouthof the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passageare not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.can we learn from the last paragraphexistence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.答案：63-66 DADA【长宁区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreigngovernments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.” Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect. Supposea United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’sproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties.Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “UnitedStates” company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the“Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt.passage is chiefly concerned with_______________A. arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporationsB. warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC. recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD. advocating theuse of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for otherimports.can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US.is the function of the last paragraphA. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.of the following is most likely to be true of US trade lawsA. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in theUS.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily helpother units.答案：BDCD【徐汇区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read. (C)More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms(生物体) liveon the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity(多样性). Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today.Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specificname of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sincemany different species in different genera have the same specific name. Thespecific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe , when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. Whenthe genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that thename refers to a specific organism: thedomestic dog.Linnaeus was alsothe originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的)groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, calledkingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each ofthese kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus issingular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to sharedphysical characteristics.Although moderntaxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classificationsystem as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observablesimilarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. Allliving things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains thereare kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed byclass, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to theLinnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi asseparate kingdoms. The prokaryotesare the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallestcellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in manyenvironments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a varietyof single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, thoseorganisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi havecell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, theyacquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by otherorganisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of thedomestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of namingorganismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s namingsystemD. illustrate the necessity of including two partswhen naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned fromthe passageA. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system forclassifying i s no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classificationconsisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification isused today with little modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories andregrouped organisms.65. Which of thefollowing is TRUE about protistsA. They do not share the characteristics of any of theother four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similarcharacteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the besttitle of the passageA. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification System答案：63-66 DDAB【闵行区】Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read．(C)One of the main challenges facingmany countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationand the growing mult-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economicfailure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few importantexceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independentAfrican states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Studyof Alternative Education in South Africa at theUniversity of Cape Town.In response to the spread ofEnglish and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, manycountries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. Insome, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in publicspaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions wasthe 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countriessince then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissedas futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultyin controlling fashions in speech and know from research that languageswitching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult fornative speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” ofa language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continuallyabsorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixedand rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrierto acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many nativeEnglish speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it hasnever been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had astate-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to theAcademic Francaise in France.The need to protect nationallanguages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially theneed to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many communication, education and new modes of communication promoted bytechnology, may be key fields to defend.Alexander believes thateducation is not practiced in all African countrieshas resulted in the economic failure of Africahas led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lackof mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. Theunderlined word “futile” (in paragraph 2) most probably means “ “.B. practical D. unnecessary65. Whydo many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts describedinthe passageA. Theythink language protection laws are ineffective.B. Theywant their language to spread to other countries.C. Theyhave a long history of taking words from other languages.D. Itreduces a language’s a bility to acquire international importance.66. Whatcan we infer from the last paragraphA. Englishhas taken over fields like public communication and education.B. Manyaspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Mostlanguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language.have long realized the need to protect their national languages.答案：DCCB【普陀区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will buildmachines that are smarter than weare. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin toimprove themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligenceexplosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much morecompetent than we are. Andthe slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about howwe relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm fact, sometimeswe take pains not to harm them. We step over them on thesidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of ourgoals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern isthat we will oneday build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat uswithsimilar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligentmachines. We have problems thatwe desperatelyneed to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that aremore intelligent than weare, they will very like ly develop in ways that wecan’t imagine, and exceed us in ways thatwe can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a designof superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfectlabor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’retalking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the endof mostintellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstanceWhat would some nations do if they heard that some company in SiliconValley was about to deploy( 配置 ) a superintelligent AI This machine wouldbe capable of starting war, whether terrestrial(陆地的)or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AIare likely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a raceagainst all others, and that to win this race is to win theworld, it seemslikely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyedinthe next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source ofintelligence, we have toadmit that we are in the process of building some sortof god. Now would be a good time to makesure it’s a god we can live with.an intelligent machinebecomes smarter than humanity, .will make itself better andmay go beyond human controlwill help people to thefullest, especially in physical workwill threaten people byrobbing them of jobswill view itself as humanraceunderlined word“divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “ ”.。

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2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.C. doctor and nurse.D. boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30. D. 9:35.3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.C. repeat his request.D. take the journal himself.4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.C. interesting.D. satisfactory.5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buy a gift for Mary.C. to give her mother information about Mary.D. to give some suggestions.6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.C. he wants to finish his study.D. he wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.C. he will explain to the woman what happened.D. he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.C. getting up early in the morning.D. possible heavy traffic.9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile. D. reluctant.10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.C. successful college students are usually intelligent.D. a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms. D. five terms.12. A. because he had been a policeman.B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.B. an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C. the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D. something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.C. he has four times a day.D. he has nine pills a day.15. A. all of them. B. three kinds of medicine.C. two kinds of medicine.D. almost none.16. A. children over twelve years old. B. older people with a fever.C. old people with heart attack.D. adults with a cold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. because the new equipment is not available now.B. because the patient has made too many complains.C. because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. a technician in the hospital lab. B. a doctor working in the hospital.C. a teacher working in the school.D. head of hospital administration.20. A. she will be likely to quit her job. B. she still feels at a loss as what to do.C. she will complain to the administration.D. she will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21)______ would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”. Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22)______ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______ they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24)______ (few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25)______ (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26)______ (educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27)______ similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially (28)______ from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools (29)______ ______ almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______ had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul – so perhaps life is fair after all.There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings __38__ the ir direction at the end of each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be __39__ to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and __40__ how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n) __41__ between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in __42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems: “Somet imes a reduced ability to __43__ one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that __44__ attention and focus, in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking __45__, very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual __46__ to the drugs. __47__, some research has found that while stimulants can __48__ test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more __49__ to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be __50__ to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is __51__ in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by __52__ once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors __53__ that their study findings don’t give people __54__ to get drunk to “inspire the muse（冥想）.” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to __55__. There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connection D. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintaining D. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturb D. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositions D. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improve D. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. ideal D. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. responded D. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. natural D. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C. addiction D. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. function D. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottom D. AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the women returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because ______.A. it greatly encouraged herB. she could use it to buy foodC. it could solve her present problemD. it could land her husband a job58. The und erlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means ______.A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a ______ person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every bea ch is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $ 385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEW AREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that ______.A. the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB. those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC. those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD. the price includes the breakfast for seven people61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A. Avoid wearing wet suits.B. Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C. Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D. Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT ______.A. a perfect view of sea lionsB. a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC. a seafood feast in the popular local communityD. sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emer ging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64. What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A. To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B. To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C. To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D. To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB. Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitionC. Machine learning: A key to smart technologyD. Technique experts: A decisive factor of the coming era.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. __67__ It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. __68__ Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people live how they want to live. __69__ If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, where a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.__70__ Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”IV. Summary WritingA Father’s In fluence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome theeconomic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.V. Tranalation72. 这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。

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