上海市奉贤区2019届高三英语一模

2019学年第一学期奉贤区期末调研测试高三英语试卷2019.12考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

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I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. April 9th. B. April 8th. C. April 19th. D. April 21st.2. A. In a post office. B. On the campus.C. In the Main hall.D. In the Administration building.3. A. 2 dollars. B. 4 dollars. C. 8 dollars. D. 5 dollars.4. A. The bag. B. The umbrella. C. The camera. D. Water.5. A. He had a visitor. B. He missed the bus.C. He forgot the time.D. He didn’t like the film.6. A. Surprising. B. Good. C. Untrue. D. Doubtful.7. A. The man feels sorry for the woman. B. The area is for passengers only.C. The woman is asking the man to leave.D. The man is a member of the staff.8. A. The test consisted of one page.B. The exam was difficult for the woman.C. The woman spent an hour on the first page.D. The woman got to the last question finally.9. A. It costs a lot. B. It produces good results.D. It’s of no use. D. It’s too exhausting.10. A. To give up one course temporarily. B. To pick some easier courses this term.C. To drop out of school this term.D. To study harder to meet the requirements.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Joyful. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. D. Unexpected.12. A. Everything happens for a reason. B. Trust your instincts.C. Take faith in yourself.D. Focus on one thing at a time.13. A. Turn to others’ for advice. B. Try as many different things as you can.C. Lose no time to take action.D. Travel for new experiences and inspiration.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 57 B. 75 C. 76 D. 4315. A. physical or emotional violence. B. risk of developing cancer.C. ruined family relationship.D. polluted indoor air quality.16. A. The importance of banning domestic smoking.B. A new law against domestic smoking.C. The harmful effects of domestic smoking.D. Active smokers and passive smokers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Journalist of a local newspaper. B. Director of evening radio programs.C. Producer of television commercials.D. Hostess of the weekly “Business World”.18. A. He ran three restaurants with his wife’s help.B. He and his wife did everything by themselves.C. He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D. He hired a cook and two local waitresses.19. A. He doesn’t need to do any advertising nowadays.B. He advertises on radio and in local newspapers.C. He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D. He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.20. A. The restaurant location. B. The restaurant atmosphere.C. The food quality.D. The satisfaction of customers.II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ancient Myth---A Hit With Modern Audiences This summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re-telling of the ancient myth of Nezha. The animated film (21) (take) in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever. It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to (22) produced in Hollywood and Japan.The film, directed by Yang Yu, was a massive undertaking(任务) from start to finish. He spent two years writing the script(剧本) and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1,600 animators. But for Yang, it was a way to prove to himself that he (23) change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well.“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career,” said Yang, “Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams.”(24) (convey) the message that “your fate is in your own hands,” Yang made some changes to the original myth. Nezha was born a devil(恶魔), (25) (fate) to cause mischief(恶作剧), but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing, the third son of the Dragon King.(26) the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys, in Yang’s film, all of the characters are treated with empathy, and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate, (27), actually, have the potential to change and become good.Over the years, I have come across a few students labeled as “devils.” Although some misbehaved simply (28) they were not mature enough, others were trouble-making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood. Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad. As they grew up, they would have the power to change their circumstances.If you have seen Nezha, you know (29) a terrific, entertaining film it is. But an important lesson is also conveyed in the film (30) we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly, so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Flood-hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problems Venetians(威尼斯人) are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems: record-breaking flooding, environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over-tourism.They feel largely left to their own devices, with ever-fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to 31 its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.The historic flooding this week---marked by three floods over 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet) and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters(6 feet, 1 inch)---has 32 calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice, for both its concentration of treasures and its 33 vulnerability.Flood damage has been 34 estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros (dollars), but the true range will only become clear with time. The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and 35 78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has 36 this week. With the system not yet completed or even 37 tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros ($5.5 billion) invested, many are suspicious it will even work.At the public level, proposals for better administering the city including 38 some level of autonomy(自制) to Venice, already enjoyed by some Italian regions like Trentino-Alto-Adige with its German-speaking minority, or offering tax 39 to encourage Venice’s repopulation.Just 53,000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice, down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1,000 people a year. That means fewer people watching the neighborhood, monitoring for public maintenance 40 or neighbors in need. Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals, which can make even a simple errand a hard journey.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, it would be 41 to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption, 42 , as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can 43 help to make things better.One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious 44 , set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned 45 , to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively 46 fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular 47 of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to 48 from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they 49 the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To their 50 , they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost 51 during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were 52 re-grew only 72%.The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to 53 tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might54 colonize and damage them. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually 55 to sick ones.41. A. difficult B. reasonable C. necessary D. awful42. A. however B. therefore C. furthermore D. somehow43. A. uniquely B. barely C. actually D. merely44. A. phenomenon B. evidence C. imagination D. assumption45. A. equally B. regularly C. severely D. purposely46. A. burnt with B. protected from C. covered by D. exposed to47. A. participants B. partners C. victims D. friends48. A. mark B. remove C. hit D. measure49. A. regulated B. checked C. healed D. monitored50. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. relief51. A. vitality B. height C. bark D. strength52. A. controlled B. prevented C. started D. boosted53. A. disturb B. promote C. impact D. quicken54. A. therefore B. nevertheless C. then D. otherwise55.A. beneficial B. unbelievable C. effective D. cruelSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled(潦草地写) on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walkwith me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas.As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier ...56. What does "she had a job to do" (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A. She had a regular job in the store.B. She wanted to ask for help.C. She wanted to buy a DVD. D. She was thinking of what to buy.57. What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.58. While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ______.A. hesitantB. casualC. cautiousD. considerate59. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To describe what a movie nut is likeB. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying familyC. To stress the importance of company and understanding.D. To explore the key aspects of current parental-child relationship(B)As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest. It's a vague, pit-of-the-stomach fear that sneaks up to you -- that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m., orwhen your dentist looks into your mouth and says "Hmm" for the third time.Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety--- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate. Maybe you're just high-strung. If so, meditation(冥想) is worth a try. It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.Jog,walk, swim, or cycle.If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive like running or swimming laps.Treatment?Remember to breathe. When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect. To make sure that you're breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm(横膈膜), just below your rib cage(胸腔). Feel it rise with each inhalation(吸气) and fall with each exhalation.Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself "What, in particular, am I afraid that I'll mess up?" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you're worried that you're blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.60.Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?A. Lower in concentration.B. No appetite.C. Heart racing.D. High blood pressure.61. According to the passage, what can be done to avoid anxiety?A. Exercising regularly.B. Keeping breath steady.C. Breathing with the help of hands.D. Adjusting the pace of life.62. What is the last paragraph about?A. Anxiety at work and its solutions.B. People's anxiety about their capabilities.C. The reason for someone's incompetence.D. The function of public speaking class.(C)Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone. One researcher called the work “a mind-blower.”“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it's a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post. “To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities... Through this technology, they're able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.”The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recently found. DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra.Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva(唾液) absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind-blower”. She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied(定期往来) by British and American ships. "As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa," she said, “whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity was lost. Their humanity is stripped from. Who they are as a people has gone.”The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors. Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming.” “I'm sitting here about ready to cry,” she said. “I'm sorry. I'm so happy ... Thank God for the DNA.”This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation. It formally ended in December1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment(修正案).63. What does the phrase “a mind-blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to?A.A surpriseB. A confusionC. An excitementD. A fascination64. According to Hannes Schroeder, the pipe stem was of great significance because________.A. it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa.B. it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman.C. it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities.D. it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa.B. The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern.C. African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation.D. Nancy Daniels, a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslavedB.A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African womanC.The descendants of enslaved people seek their identitiesD.DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new researchSection CDirections: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.The price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.What was so special about this lemon?67 According to ahandwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years. 68Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.69 For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help. 70 To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine LifeOxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the lasthalf-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular.Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.面对紧急情况时，他是多么的冷静啊！(How)73.致力于保护濒临灭绝的海洋生物，人人有责。

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch，I（1）（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface（5）youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan （7）wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe（4）castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties．WindsorCastleis（5）usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）bits﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Worksofart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations．TheSta teApartmentsare（7）decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascomple ted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery（9）theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen（10）inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture"Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thosewho（5）the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare（6）determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9），claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests．Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13），saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive（2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely（3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates（5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely（7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts（9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists （10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological （12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching （13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance （14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages （15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely4．（8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatRobertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet．Idothreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit．Mondayisthemostoccupieddayforme﹣﹣Iworkfrom10pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights，earningjustover￡100anight，andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday．BythetimeIfinishlectures，at2pm，I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pm．Iconstantlyhavetoforcemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhelps．TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisve ryphysicallikestackingshelves．I'mluckybecauseI'manactivepersonandtheamountIliftatworkis nothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym．IknowIhavethestrengthtobearit．I'moriginallyfromNigeria．IcameherewhenIwasseven，growingupinCroydon，southLondon．Moneywastight．MyparentsgavemeeverythingIneeded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoolthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars，IgotsomeofthebestA﹣levelgradesinmyclass．Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedfor"settled"Britishresidentialstatuswhenveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyapplication．ThatmeantIwasn'teligibl eforastudentloan．TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversitywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayfo rallmylivingcostsandmyparents，whoworkinmarketresearch，paidformytuitionfees．InScotland，that'sabout￡7，000ayear．Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob．Ideally，IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycourse．Yes，Ihavealotonmyplate，butworkinghardisn'tnewtome．Growingup，myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultivatedinmetheimportanceofworking hardforwhatIwantinlife．MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherapynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS．Butrightn ow，I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan．WheneverIfindlifehard，Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture．Idon'tneedmuch，butIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime．ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothem ost．（1）Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeeveryweek？A．Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts．B．Topayforhistuitionfees．C．Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney．D．Topayforhisownlivingexpenses．（2）Theunderlinedword"eligible"inthepassagecanbereplacedby．A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheauthor？A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage？A．Apennysavedisapennyearned．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloper？Shouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper？Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob？Ourcoursesbringyouastep﹣by﹣steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtos ucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：●WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback﹣endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildapplicationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow﹣how．Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback﹣enddevelopersisthatfront﹣enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawebsite，whileback﹣enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers，applications，anddatabases．Combined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingthatmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell﹣roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingforjobs．Ifyouliketolearnnewconc eptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpathforyou．●DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowing Becauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper，therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions，leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates．Thejoboutlookforwebdevelopersisestimatedt ogrow13%by2026，whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations．Withanimpressiveresume，fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake﹩87，661onaverage．●GetStartedTodayWiththehelpofthecourse，youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullstackwebdeveloper．Youcanstartfrom anylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtrackyourprogressasyougo．●Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCourses Buildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront﹣endandback﹣endstacks LearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScript DevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront﹣endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordova DesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdatabaseintegration．（1）Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispassage？A．Arts．B．Science﹣technology．C．Courses．D．Business．（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Frontandback﹣enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicationsanddatabases．B．Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionofbeingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills．C．Thejobprospectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun．D．Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdeveloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper．C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafullstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerguide．6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck，onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattractedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandt heHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北欧的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946．Morepeopleshould．The12 0workshaveattheircore20self﹣portraits，halfthenumbershepaintedinall．Thefirst，dated1880，isofawide﹣eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything．Thelastisasightingoftheartist'sghost﹣to﹣be．Prematurelygifted，Schjerfbeckwas11whensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdrawingschool．"TheWoundedWarr iorintheSnow"，ahistorypainting，wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrantwhenshewas17．Schjerfbeckstudie dinParis，wentontoPont﹣Aven，Brittany，whereshepaintedforayear，thentoTuscany，CornwallandStPetersburg．Duringher1887visittoStIves，Cornwall，Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent"．Achildwrappedinablanketsitssupportedupinalargewi cker（柳条编制的）chair，toyingwithasprig（小枝条）．Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthe1889ParisWorldFairandwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSo ciety．Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感伤的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished，sadexpressiononthechild'sface，whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperiences．Atfour，shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered．In1890，SchjerfbecksettledinFinland．Teachingexhaustedher，shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters，andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermother．"IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoli veanisolatedlife"，shewrote，"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway．"In1902，Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，industrialtownofHyvinkaa，50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．IsolationhadonedesiredeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbeca meamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbutaboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitso fhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．"Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedepthsofthesoul，whichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves"，shewrote，"whereeverythingisstillunconscious﹣﹣thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．"Sheexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofunderpainting，scrapedandrubbed，madebrightrosyredspots；doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious﹣﹣herownandthatofhermodels．In1913，Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist，GostaStenman．Onceagainshewasasuccess．（1）Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecause．A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworld B．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworld C．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseenthem D．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghosts（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherchildhood．B．"TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck'ssentimentalchildhood．C．"TheConvalescent"ismadeasaresultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．"TheConvalescent"isfeaturedbythechild'sastonished，sorrowfulexpression．（3）Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof．A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjobB．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyle C．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpaintersD．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalifestyle．（4）WecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacteristicsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsis ．A．hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeopleB．hercaptureofthecharacters'soulC．thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharactersD．herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements7．（8分）Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreatingamorepeacefulandlovingself．T hemorepatientyouare，themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis，ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeittobe．Withoutpatience，lifeisextremelyfrustrating．（1）Patienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlife．It'simportantforinnerpeace．（2）Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam，lateforanappointment，beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggets outofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax．Itmightalsobeagoodtimetobreatheaswellasano pportunitytoremindyourselfthat，inthebiggerschemeofthings，beinglateis"smallstuff"．Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithdeliberatepractice．（3）TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticetheartofpatience．Lifeitselfbecomesac lassroom，andthecurriculumispatience．Youcanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityfor patienceovertime．Whatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazing．Yourintentiontobepatient，especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile，immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience．Patienceisoneofthosequalitieswheresuccess feedsonitself．Onceyoureachlittlemilestone﹣fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience﹣you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillseeevenadifficultsituation，sayyourpresentchallenge，isn't"lifeordeath"butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedealtwith．（4）．IV.SummaryWriting8．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalsp eciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore．Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere﹣﹣onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthroughtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursandvariousshapes．Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptper mitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments．Theoneplacewheretheyhave notyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insectscansurviveonawiderangeofnatur alandartificialfoods﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces．Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43，000eggsaday．Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeour eyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguised（伪装）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator，bitter﹣tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI.GuidedWriting13．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch，I（1）havelearned（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）abandoning（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）quit（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）togrow（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface（5）so youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）which decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan （7）what wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）Given/Havingbeengiven（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）those whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）without raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．【考点】N6：语法填空．【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻．【解答】1．havelearned．考查时态，根据前面的inthepast30years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填havelearned．2．abandoning．考查非谓语，therebe句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．4．togrow．考查不定式，causesbtodosth：使某人做某事，故填togrow．5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代yourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Havingbeengiven．考查非谓语，thewomen与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Havingbeengiven．9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）I continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）A andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）H tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe（4）B castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties．WindsorCastleis（5）C usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）D bits﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Worksofart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations．TheStateApartmentsare（7）F decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascomple ted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）K amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery（9）E theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen（10）G inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．【考点】N8：选词填空．【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．【解答】IAHBCDFKEG1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断，以符合题目要求．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture"Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）C．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）B interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）A schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）D ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thosewho（5）B the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare（6）B determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）C tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）D．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9）D，claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）A bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）A stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）D．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests．Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13）A，saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）B thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）D thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive（2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely（3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates（5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely（7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts（9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists （10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted （11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological （12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching （13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance （14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages （15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely【考点】M2：社会文化．【分析】人们很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．本文介绍了两种理论，并且对此提出例子来说明．【解答】CBADBBCDDAADABD（1）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感B．productive生产C．competitive竞争D．aggressive好斗．很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．故选C．（2）B．副词词意辨析题．A．moderately适度地B．extremely非常C．reluctantly不情愿地D．scarcely几乎不．社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣．故选B．（3）A．形容词词意辨析题．A．distinct明显的B．reliable可靠的C．relevant相关的D．equal平等的．目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种明显的、截然不同的思想流派．故选A．（4）D．名词词意辨析题．A．objectors反对者B．operators经营者C．opponents对手D．advocates主张．正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论．故选D．（5）B．动词词意辨析题．A．claim要求B．support支持C．resolve决定D．inherit 继承．那些支持"自然"的人，相信我们的个性是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（6）B．副词词意辨析题．A．completely完全地B．largely主要地C．thoroughly彻底地D．merely仅仅．人的行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（7）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感的B．open打开C．central中心的D．subject 主题．我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这是这一理论的核心．故选C．（8）D．名词词意辨析题．A．abilities能力B．capacities能力C．personalities诽谤D．instincts本能．极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配．故选D．（9）D．名词词意辨析题．A．experts专家B．scientists科学家C．environmentalists 环保主义D．behaviorists行为．"后天培养"理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要．故选D．（10）A．动词词意辨析题．A．shaped塑造B．dominated控制C．oppressed压迫D．restricted 限制．行为学家认为，人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的．故选A．（11）A．形容词词意辨析题．A．environmental环境的B．biological生物的C．genetic 遗传的D．psychological心理的．他们指出，就像机器一样，人类对环境刺激的反应是其行为的基础．故选A．（12）D．形容词词意辨析题．A．temporary暂时的B．slight轻微的C．fatal致命的D．far。

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ATo Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section BDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter(March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most 36___________ bits--the State Apartments, ST. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiositics and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are 37_______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It 38________ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery 39_________ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibitionpresents portraits of the Queen 40________ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is 41 ____.Social scientists are of course 42_________ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two43______schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debated between 44________ of each theory. The controversy(争论)is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”Those who 45 ________ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are 46_________ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is 47________ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 ______.Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or , as they are often called, 49 ________, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorists’ s view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 51________ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 _______. In the US, for example, blacks often score below white on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature”supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53________ ,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 54 ________that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55_______ that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41.A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42.A. moderately B. extremely C.reluctantly D. scarcely43.A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44.A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45.A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46.A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47.A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48.A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instinct49.A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalist D. behaviorists50.A. shaped B. prioritized C. oppressed D. restricted51.A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52.A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53.A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54.A . habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55.A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shiftsa week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries.I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myselfthis is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have morefree time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.（B）Should you become a full stack web developer?What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well versed in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledgeof what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage,and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers isthat front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg upwhen applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlookfor web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With a versatile and robust CV, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.Get Started TodayWith our guide, you will learn everything you need to know in order to succeed as a full stackweb developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and trackyour progress as you go.Here’s what you’ll learn:Build web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applicationswith Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60.In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A.ArtsB. Science-technologyC. CoursesD. Business61.Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?A.Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.B.Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.C.The job prospect for web developer isn’t promising in the long run.D.You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have someexperience beforehand.62.What is the main purposes of this passage?A.To advertise for full stack web developersB.To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C.To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D.To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.（C）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic world would recognise the work of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist’s ghost-to-be.Precociously gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society’s drawing school. "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow", a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent". A child wrapped in a blanket sits propped up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig（小纸条）. The picture wona bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a moderneye it seems almost sentimental（感伤） and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholy expression on the child’s face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck’s early experiences.At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the work of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother (who lived until 1923). "If I allow myself the freedom to live a secluded life", she wrote, "then it is because it has to be that way." In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet incisive portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town。

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．(★★)To Be Joyful， To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？ It's probably not what you think． In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）（learn） that real keys are pleasure， joy and freedom． Joy of living is sustainable； fear of dying is not．Why？ Because life is to be enjoyed． There's no point （2）（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better， and quickly． When people eat more healthfully，（3）（quit） smoking， and manage stress better， they find they feel so much better， so quickly． It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right， your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen， so you become smarter， have more energy， and need less sleep． Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months causedso many neurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow） that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow， so your skin glows more and wrinkles less． You look younger and more attractive． In contrast， an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）you age more quickly． Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6） decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely． This is why smokers look years older than theyreally are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7） was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）（give） a questionnaire， the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day． The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒） compared with （9）who felt more relaxed． Contrarily， some of the women who felt relaxed （10）raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres．In other words， if you feel stressed， you are stressed．★★Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain． Over a period of nearly 1，000 yearsit has been（1） continuously， and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主） one after the other． Some were great builders， strengthening the Castle against （2） and rebellion； others， living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence． William the Conqueror chose the site， high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground． It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3） to the capital． The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4） castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home， where she usually spends the weekend， and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties． Windsor Castle is （5） used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents． Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March-April）．The Castle is huge， so people tend to head for the most（6） bits---the State Apartments， St． George's Chapel， the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House． Works of art， antique furniture， curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations． The State Apartments are（7） decorated formal rooms still used for state andofficial functions．The magnificent and beautiful St． George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII． It （8） among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9） the exhibition "The Queen： 60 Photographsfor 60 Years"． The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10） in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．III. Reading Comprehension3．(★★)"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed． However， it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not， or why one is cooperative and another is （1）．Social scientists are of course （2） interested in these types of questions． They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour． There are no clear answers yet， but two （3） schools of thought on the matter have developed． As one might expect， the two approaches are very different from each other， and there is a great deal of debate between （4） of each theory． The controversy（争论） is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5） the "nature" side of the conflict believe that ourpersonalities and behaviour patterns are （6） determined by biological factors． That our environment has little， if anything， to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7） to this theory． Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）．Supporters of the "nurture" theory， or， as they are often called，（9）， claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act． A behaviorist， B． F． Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10） by their surroundings． The behaviorists' view of the human being is quitemechanistic． They state that， like machines， humans respond to （11）stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behaviour．Socially and politically， the consequences of these two theories are（12）． In the US， for example， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests． This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are． Behaviorists，（13）， say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy， and that， as a result， they do not develop the same （14）that whites do．Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour． As a matterof fact， it is quite （15） that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long timeis certain．（1）A． sensitive B． productive C． competitive D． aggressive（2）A． moderately B． extremely C． reluctantly D． scarcely（3）A． distinct B． reliable C． relevant D． equal（4）A． objectors B． operators C． opponents D． advocates（5）A． claim B． support C． resolve D． inherit（6）A． completely B． largely C． thoroughly D． merely（7）A． sensitive B． open C． central D． subject（8）A． abilities B． capacities C． personalities D． instincts（9）A． experts B． scientists C． environmentalists D． behaviorists（10）A． shaped B． dominated C． oppressed D． restricted（11）A． environmental B． biological C． genetic D． psychological（12）A． temporary B． slight C． fatal D． far-reaching（13）A． on the contrary B． as a whole C． after all D． for instance（14）A． habits B． responses C． characteristics D． advantages（15）A． necessary B． impossible C． unreasonable D． likely4．(★★★)I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen， but I also work 38 hours a week atSainsbury's to make ends meet． I do three night shifts a week， plus overtime if I can get it． Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights， earning just over £100 a night， and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday． By the time I finish lectures， at 2 pm，I'm exhausted， but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm．I constantly have to force myself to stay awake， and to be alert， whatever it takes． A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps． The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves． I'm lucky because I'm anactive person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym． I know I have the strength to bear it．I'm originally from Nigeria． I came here when I was seven， growing up in Croydon， south London． Money was tight． My parents gave me everything I needed，but there was no money to spend on luxuries． I worked hard at school though and，with the help of GT Scholars， I got some of the best A-level grades in my class．Unfortunately， though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young， the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application． That meant I wasn't [eligible] for a student loan． The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents， who work in market research， paid for my tuition fees． In Scotland， that's about £7，000 a year．I don't have much time to socialize because of my job． Ideally， I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course． Yes， I have a lot on my plate， but working hard isn't new to me． Growing up， my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life．My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job workingfor the NHS． But right now， I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can． Whenever I find life hard， I tell myself this is about my future． I don't need much， but I would like to worry less about money and have more freetime． That is what I look forward to the most．（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？A． To help his parents pay off the debts．B． To pay for his tuition fees．C． To prove his ability to earn money．D． To pay for his own living expenses．（2）The underlined word " [eligible]" in the passage can be replaced by ．A．responsibleB． qualifiedC． feasibleD． anxious（3）According to the passage， which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？A． Sociable．B． Diligent．C． Ambitious．D． Persistent．（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？A． A penny saved is a penny earned．B． Actions speak louder than words．C． God helps those who help themselves．D． Where there is life， there is hope．5．(★★)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？Should you become a full stack web developer？ What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？ Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed． Read on to discover if it's the right path for you：●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing． With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish， a full stack developer can plan， manage， and build software with general know-how． A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website， while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers， applications， and databases．Combined， they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly． Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs． If youlike to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you．●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer，there are fewer candidates applying for positions， leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates． The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026， which is faster than the average rate for all occupations． With an impressive resume， full stack web developers can make ﹩87，661 on average．●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course， you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer． You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go．●Here's What You'll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails， HTML， CSS， and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework， Angular，and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration．（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage？A． Arts．B． Science-technology．C． Courses．D． Business．（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A． Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks asapplications and databases．B． Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills．C． The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run．D． You can't start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand．（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？A． To advertise for full stack web developers．B． To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer．C． To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer．D． To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide．6．(★★)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck， on show in the final legof a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburgand the Hague， may come as a surprise to many． Few outside the Nordic（北欧的）world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946． More people should． The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits， half the number she painted in all． The first， dated 1880， is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything． The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be．Prematurely gifted， Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish ArtSociety's drawing school． "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow"， a history painting，was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17． Schjerfbeck studied in Paris， went on to Pont-Aven， Brittany， where she painted for a year， then to Tuscany， Cornwall and St Petersburg． During her 1887 visit to St Ives， Cornwall， Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"． A childwrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker（柳条编制的） chair，toying with a sprig（小枝条）． The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society． To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的） and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished，sad expression on the child's face， which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences． At four， she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered．In 1890， Schjerfbeck settled in Finland． Teaching exhausted her， she did not like the works of other local painters， and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother． "If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life"， she wrote， "then it is because it has to be that way．" In 1902，Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small， industrial town of Hyvinkaa， 50 kilometres north of Helsinki． Isolation had one desired effect for it was therethat Schjerfbeck became a modern painter． She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother， local school girls， women workers in town．"I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul， which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves"， she wrote， "where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the greatest discoveries．" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting， scraped and rubbed， made bright rosy red spots；doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious -- her own and that ofher models． In 1913， Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist，Gosta Stenman． Once again she was a success．（1）Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because ．A． her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB． her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC． her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD． her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A． "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood．B． "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood．C． "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood．D． "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished， sorrowful expression．（3）Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of ．A． she was exhausted by her teaching jobB． her personality prefers this kind of styleC． she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD． her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style．（4）We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is ．A． her vivid characterization of common peopleB． her capture of the characters' soulC． the sorrowful expression of the charactersD． her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements7．(★★★) The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self． The more patient you are， the more accepting you will be of what life is， rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be． Without patience， life is extremely frustrating．（1）Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life． It's important for inner peace．（2） If you are stuck in a traffic jam， late for an appointment，being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax． It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that，in the bigger scheme of things， being late is "small stuff"．Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．（3） They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience． Life itself becomes a classroom， and the curriculum is patience． You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time． What you'll discover is truly amazing． Your intention to be patient， especially if you know it's only for a short while，immediately strengthens your capacity for patience． Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself． Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient， even for longer periods of time． Over time， you may even become a patient person．Being patient will help you to keep your perspective． You will see even a difficult situation， say your present challenge， isn't "life or death" but simplyIV. Summary Writing8．(★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet． More species of insectsexist than all other animal species together． Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years， and may possess the ability to survive for millions more． Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and onthe bottom of rushing streams， in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs． They dig through the ground， jump and sing in the trees， and run and dance in the air． They come in many different colours and various shapes．There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving． Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments． The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans． Insects can survive on a wide range of natural andartificial foods -- paint， pepper， glue， books， grain， cotton， other insects，plants and animals． Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces．Also， insects have an enormous reproductive capacity： An African ant queencan lay as many as 43，000 eggs a day．Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour． Aninsect may be right before our eyes， but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装） like a green leaf， lump of brown soil， gray lichen（青苔）， a seed or some other natural object． Some insects use bright， bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad， sting or are poison． Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator， bitter-tasting insects；hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them．V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9．(★★★)一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．(★★★)每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．(★★★)他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．(★★★)不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI. Guided Writing13．(★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．。

2019-2020学年上海市奉城高级中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt’s the time of year when we start hiking. As you pack, remember to bring your smartphone. Whether you’re going on a short walk or a long trip, there are a handful of apps that can help.MapMyHikeThis app tracks where you're hiking so you have a mapof your route at the end of the hike. It can also track other fitness information like the distance traveled, speed, pace, and even calories burned. You can save the data for your hike, so you can always access the route you look as well as track improvements to your workout. GaiaGPSYou don't always have cellphone service when hiking, but you always want to know where you are. The GaiaGPS app provides that information. Download maps of different parts of the world, and access the GaiaGPS app in the middle of even the most remote trails. The GPS function makes using the maps simple, and the app will also point to areas of interest.Backpacking ChecklistOne of the worst things is being way out on a trail only to discover you left behind something important. That's why checklists are the best. This checklist app helps you build a customized(定制的) list of things to take with you. Organize different lists based on trail lengths or requirements. Track all your essential items by weight and where you can find them.WildObsUsing WildObs, you can record your observations of plants and animals and add them to the database. You can ask the community to help you identify something and keep track of everything you've met, and most importantly, you can become a citizen scientist. By recording what you've seen with this app, you're helping scientists keep track of what's happening to the natural world.1. What can you do with MapMyHike?A. Record your walking speed.B. Design a suitable hiking route.C. Locate popular tourist attractions.D. Store the data of your daily activities.2. What is WildObs intended to do?A. To provide survival skills.B. To lead the way.C. To identify wildlife.D. To help make preparations.3. Which app is most useful before hiking?A. GaiaGPS.B. MapMyHike.C. WildObs.D. Backpacking Checklist.BLast summer, Maria and her mother moved from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago. Maria really liked some things about the city, but she missed her house and yard in the countryside.One day, Maria was in her flat building when she noticed her neighbor, Mrs. Garcia, carrying a gardening tool and a bag of soil. Maria wondered how Mrs. Garcia was able to garden in the city.“My mom used to grow the most delicious vegetables, and I know she misses her garden now that we don’t have a yard,” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia laughed. “I’ll show you,” she said.Maria thought that Mrs. Garcia would take her to the park, but she took her to the roof. When the door opened, Maria was surprised to see rows of flowers and vegetables on the roof.“What a wonderful garden!” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia told Maria that for a long time the roof was just an empty space. Then some of the people in the building asked the owners to turn it into a community garden. The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean, but they also helped to keep the building cooler during warmer weather.“I plant flowers in my own place,” Mrs. Garcia said, “but you would be surprised by how different the plants are up here. Some people grow vegetables just like your mom. You can do some of the same things in the city as in the countryside. You just have to be creative!”4. Where did Mrs. Garcia take Maria to one day?A. The park.B. The roof.C. The garden in front of her house.D. The countryside.5. Which of the following is NOT the good side of the community garden?A. It made the building stronger.B. It helped keep the air clean.C. It helped keep the building cooler.D. It used the empty space well.6. After Maria visited the garden, she would most probably ask her mom to ________.A. go back to the countrysideB. pick flowers from the gardenC show her around the park D. grow vegetables on the roof7. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Creative LadyB. An Empty RoofC. A Rooftop GardenD. A Special BuildingCAfter finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-programcalled "Clear Plate" on his phone and took a picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence. The credit points can be used to buy gifts, such as books, cellphones and red wine, or to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas.The "Clear Plate" mini-program has become popular among young Chinese. Similar campaigns like an "empty plate challenge" are alsoon the horizonin many Chinese universities."Technological innovation is a good way to reduce food waste," said Liu Jichen. Founder of the start-up that developed the app. The idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that the restaurant owner would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected. "Everyone who values food is bound to enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu mentioned this case, noting that such an idea could potentially be realized online.He formeda team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to assess whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates. To make the AI system smarter，Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1, 000 others, spent half a year collecting over100,000 samples from canteens and restaurants across the country and analyzed the data. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the start-up to cooperate on the project. Through the digitalized, visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce food waste. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to develop the habit of thrift(节约)," Liu said.8. What does the underlined phrase "on the horizon" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Likely to decrease.B. Likely to succeed.C. Likely to change.D. Likely to appear.9. What caused Liu Jichen to develop the "Clear Plate" app?A. Food waste afterdinner.B. The idea of the restaurant owner.C. Small gifts sent by his friends.D. Charity meals donated to children.10. What was difficult for the project Liu's team worked on?A. Making the AI system smarter.B. Assessing the uploaded photos.C. Collecting samples from canteens and restaurants.D. Encouraging people to develop the habit of thrift.11. What is the text mainly about?A. AI programs becoming popular.B. AI programs appearing in many Chinese universities.C. AI programs encouraging diners toclear their plates.D. AI programs collecting pictures of clearing diners' plates.DUnderstanding the link between a clean environment and human life is not a new concept. In fact, it was noticed as early as ancient Rome. Today we see how green living has infiluenced our everyday lives. There is a growing community of people who embrace a zero waste lifestyle and make changes to the way they live to reduce their carbon footprint.Living a zero waste lifestyle means doing one’s best to achieve the aim of not sending anything to a landfill. People who adopt this lifestyle ultimately cut down on their waste by reducing what they need and want. They reuse what they own, sending few things to be recycled.Many people who adopt the zero waste lifestyle claim to be frustrated by the many harmful chemical substances found in beauty and cleaning products. They also find the uses of disposable items and excessive packaging. For example, how many times have we had to peel away layers of plastic wrap and cardboard before finally taking out the item which we had bought? Instead of buying pre-packed food and goods, those who identify with the zero waste philosophy tend to shop in stores that allow them to make purchases and bring their own cloth bags and glass jars to store their purchases.Many people may have the misconception that it is easier to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West. Nevertheless, Malaysian environmental journalist, Ms. Aurora Tin, has proven that a zero waste lifestyle is possible even in the Asian context. Instead of going to the supermarket to buy pre-packaged foods, Ms. Tin now visits the wet market and brings her own bags for vegetables. She has even stopped using store-bought toothpaste and makes her own toothpaste from coconut oil and baking soda. This lifestyle may be too big a change for the average person, but we could follow her suit to make gradual changes to our own lives.12. Which of the following is a zero waste lifestyle?A. Bringing a resuable container to take away food.B. Choosing appliances that cost less money.C. Turning off a device to stop using power.D. Classifying the garbage before throwing it away.13. What may disappoint a person who adopts a zero waste lifestyle?A. Recycable carboard.B. Excessive packaging.C. Glass jars to store purchases.D. Natural substances in cleaning products.14. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How do people live a zero waste lifestyle.B. Why Ms. Tin chooses to live a zero waste lifestyle..C. We can also practice a zero waste lifestyle in Asia.D. It is easy to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West.15. What is the best title of the passage?A. Living a zero waste lifestyle.B. Going green ismore than a fashion.C. A zero waste lifetyle is easy to achieve.D. Making environmentally-conscious decisions.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海格致中学奉贤校区高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOlder adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症) and other cognitive (认知的) issues, a new study finds.Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors' (ages 65 to 85) dementia risk and cognitive abilities, finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours. Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle, especially as they get older.As adults age, it's common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted— leading to longer, shorter, or more irregular sleep. This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday behaviors. Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression, cardiovascular disease（冠心病）, and other conditions.A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours, the researchers said. Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep, while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid, a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimer's. In addition, the researchers used several tests for memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive function to identify patients' cognitive abilities. Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia, the researchers found. The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests, while those with higher sleep (more hours) performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brain's ability to switch between different tasks.―The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life, Winer told CNN.1. What does the underlined word “disrupted” in paragraph 4 mean?A. difficultB. disorderedC. dissolvedD. different2. According to the findings, which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?A. It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.B. It may contribute to dementia, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.C. Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.3. What can we infer from the study?A. A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.B. Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.C. Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.D. Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.BHumans have found an easy way to tell if others are lying. Recent research shows that the best way so far is being clever at how you ask questions and listen to the answers.Much of this research is based on the idea that telling a lie is simply harder mental work than telling the truth. Making up a story takes more effort than simply recording something that happened. And like a writer, a liar has to keep all the unreal details in his memory and sound believable when he explains them.One method that seems to work is asking them to tell their story in reverse order. This is harder when the story isn't true and makes it easier for you to tell they are lying. An even more basic way that helps is to just ask more questions, especially unexpected ones. Truth-tellers can easily find more to say, but it's a challenge for a liar to come up with something that's not in his prepared story.Researchers suggest that you shouldn't lay all your cards on the table at the start, but only gradually present what proof you have. The liars' stories may not agree with that proof, making it clear that they're lying.So it looks like there are ways to increase the chances of catching a liar; we've just been basing our methods on the wrong stories. Low-tech ways of causing people to make mistakes in conversation seem to work better than any science about eye movement or machines used to recognize a liar. To find a liar, watch less and listen more.4. Why does the author mention the writer?A. To show it's hard to make up lies.B. To show it's hard to recognise a liar.C. To show writers know liars best.D. To show writers are very clever.5. What do we know about liars?A. They often have much to say.B. They often ask many questions.C. They usually prepare a made-up story.D. They usually feel good about themselves.6. What advice is given to help people catch liars?A. Asking them to set their stories down.B. Presenting your proof one by one.C. Telling different stories to them.D. Letting them ask questions.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Why People LieB. How to Stop People LyingC. Low-tech Ways to Find a LiarD. LiarsAre Smarter than ThoughtCYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move ontheir own, “The art form amazes me, because it combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China in Beijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency in Beijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned to Chengdu to open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are many more creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.9. Why did Yu quit his job in Beijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family in Chengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.10. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.11. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.DThe COVID-19 vaccination（接种疫苗）rate in the US has fallen to newlows in recent weeks, threatening President Joe Biden’s goal of having 70 percent of American adults with at least one shot by July 4.With just less than one month from July 4, the current vaccination rate will put the US at somewhere between 67 percent and 68 percent of the adult population with at least one dose（剂量）by Independence Day. To reach 70 percent by July 4, around 1.6 percent of the population needs to get their first dose per week from now until July 4.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC）reported last week that 63 percent of adults hadreceived their first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. That was up slightly from 62 percent from the report a week before. The additional 1 percent of adults completing their first dose is the lowest since the CDC started tracking the vaccination rate in mid-February.On average, fewer than 1 million shots are given out per day, a decline of more than two-thirds from the peak of 3.4 million in April, The Washington Post reported. In South Carolina, about 71,000 residents got a shot in the week leading up to June 3, compared to a high of nearly 300,000 in one week in early April, according to data fromthe CDC.The slowdown is moreprominentacross the South and Midwest. Twelve states have seen vaccinations fall to 15 daily shots per 10,000 residents. Less than a quarter of black Americans had received their first COVID-19 shot as of June 7.James Hildreth, CEO of Meharry Medical College, told Politico, “We need to make a stronger effort to bring the vaccine to the communities, rather than relying on the communities to come to vaccination centers.”The sharp decline in vaccination began in mid-April when federal officials temporarily stopped the use of the Johnson＆Johnson vaccine while they investigated rare blood-clotting（凝血）reactions.The “low-hanging fruit—thosepeople who ly want to get vaccinated without you telling them anything” have already been vaccinated, which has led to the slowdown, Dr Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said on a White House-organized call with community leaders last week, according to the Post.12. What can we learn from the text?A. Dr Anthony Fauci is in charge of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.B. In South Carolina, about 300,000 residents got a shot in the week leading up to June 3C. In mid-April federal officials temporarily suspended the Johnson＆Johnson vaccine.D. Less than one fourth of Americans had received their first COVID-19 shot by June 7.13. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “prominent” in Para. 5?A. Meaningful.B. Obvious.C. Inspiring.D. Complex.14. How can America increase the COVID-19 vaccination rate according to James Hildreth?A. By giving the vaccine shot at the communities.B. By offering the vaccine to the public for free.C. By frequently informing the public of the vaccine.D. By urging the communities to come to vaccination centers.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Biden wishes to have 70% of adults with one shot by July 4B. CDC has been trackingthe vaccination rate since mid-FebruaryC. Some Americans need to get vaccinated without telling them toD. Biden’s July 4th vaccine goal may be missed第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海格致中学奉贤校区高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe “laugh out loud” face is officially the world’s most popular emoji, according to researchers from Adobe (ADBE) who surveyed 7,000 users across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, and South Korea.The “thumbs up” emoji came in second, followed by the “red heart” emoji. The flirtatious “wink and kiss” and “sad face with a tear” emojis respectively rounded out the top five.The software maker on Thursday released the findings from its 2021 Global Emoji Trend Report ahead of World Emoji Day on Saturday.Adobe’s latest Emoji Trend report also examined the three most misunderstood emojis in the world. The “eggplant” symbol edged out the “peach” and the “clown” emojis respectively as the most confusing for users.The vast majority of emoji users (90%) believe the modern —day hieroglyphs make it easier for them to express themselves. Eighty — nine percent of respondents said emojis simplify communicating across language barriers. And 67% said they think people who use emojis are friendlier, funnier and cooler than those who don’t. A slight majority of respondents said they are more comfortable expressing emotions through emojis than talking on the phone or in —person. More than half of global emoji users (55%) said using emojis in communications has positively impacted their mental health. Seventy — six percent of those surveyed said emojis are an important communication tool for creating unity, respect and understanding. And 88% said they feel more empathetic toward people who use emojis.1.What are the three most popular emojis according to the passage?A.clown thumbs up laugh out loudugh out loud thumbs up wink and kissugh out loud thumbs up red heartD.thumbs up red heart sad face with a tear2.Which emoji is the most confusing one for users?A.Peach.B.Eggplant.C.Clown.D.Wink and kiss.3.Which of the following best describes the attitude of most people surveyed to emojis?A.Favorable.B.Passive.C.Indifferent.D.Doubtful.BJack was 11 months old in the spring of 2015 when his parents, Erika and Christopher, recognized his development was not progressing as it should. The feeling was familiar to the couple. Just a few months earlier, Jack’s brother Chase, who is 16 months older, had been diagnosed with autism(自闭症) after he did not reach motion and language standards as expected.Jack’s behaviors were similarly delayed, and his parents moved quickly to seek help. Today, Jack is 5 — he celebrated his birthday on May 13 — and he can speak in full sentences and read. After two years at a preschool that specializes in services for children with developmental disabilities, he will start kindergarten in theSmithtownschool district in September. “Our family’s experience is a good example of the power and effectiveness of early intervention. The services our boys have received made all the difference,” the parents said.According to scientists, autism can be detected at 18 months or younger, and by age 2 a diagnosis can be considered “very reliable.” The parents said they were happy with Chase’s success at the learning center, but still had concerns for Jack because he was not speaking. Developing social and communication skills can be among the greatest challenge for individuals with autism, even if they are able to say a few words early on. “We didn’t know if he was ever going to talk,” Erika said. “That was my biggest fear. We just didn’t know.”Looking ahead, the parents are cautiously optimistic about Jack’s next educational move. He doesn’t handle change well, they said, and he likes to know his routine. Still, they expressed confidence that his time at the learning center has given him the skills he needs to be successful.4. How did Jack’s parents know he suffered from autism?A. They found the baby clever.B. They judged by their experience.C. They found he didn’t develop.D. They checked on him in the hospital.5. What did the parents think of the early intervention?A. It made no difference to the babies.B. It benefitted the babies greatly.C. It got their babies more disabled.D. It helped their babies speak fluently.6. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. Autism can be confirmed at 18 months old.B. Jack’s parents were confident about his motor skills.C. Chase’s parents were doubtful about his developmentD. Jack’s parents worried about his language skills most.7. What is the text mainly talking about?A. Autism can be curedif parents take actions early.B. Parents should be confident about their children’s future.C. Early intervention in autism could improve children’s life.D. Communication skills should be developed as early as possible.CA 10-year-old swimmer with sky-high dreams and a name to match them has broken a record previously held by Olympian Michael Phelps.Clark Kent Apuada, whose friends call him“Superman", swam the 100-meter butterfly in 1:09.38 at the Far Western Long Course Championships in his home state of California this Sunday. That's a second faster than the record Phelps set at the same event in 1995 with a time of 1: 10. 48 in the same category of boys under 10.Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clarksaid about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the mostdecoratedOlympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.Clarkwon first place for all the swimming events he competed in at this year's Far Western Championships. Pacific Swimming or PacSwim, a regional association that is part of USA Swimming, organizes the Far Western Long Course Championships. Cynthia Apuada,Clark' s mother,said that her child seems to be “living by his name at this point”。

2019.1 奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷(满分：140分考试时间：120分钟)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theatre.C. In a meeting room.D. At the office.2. A. Boss and clerk. B. Teacher and student.C. Policeman and driver.D. Doctor and nurse.3. A. The demand of the job market. B. The location of the hotel.C. The damage to the environment.D. The solution to the issue.4. A. Green. B. Light blue. C. Green and blue. D. Yellow.6. A. He prefers to eat out. B. He wants to order the food.C. He doesn't like Japanese food.D. He hopes to pay for the meal.7. A. It's better than it used to be. B. It's not as good as it was.C. It's better than people say.D. It's even worse than people say.8. A. Confused. B. Annoyed. C. Embarrassed. D. Bored.9. A, She won't go to the beach if it rains.B. She would like the man to go to the beach.C. It will clear up tomorrow.D. It was pouring when she was at the beach.10. A. Trying to make a map. B. Painting the dining room.C. Discussing a house plan.D. Cleaning the kitchen.Section B (15分)Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. Because he looked like a musician.B. Because he was a musician of much influence.C. Because he showed an interest in music.D. Because he was good at playing comet.12. A. His tale begins in New Orleans.B. He was born before jazz was invented.C. His music was popular with his listeners.D. He learned popular music at a boy's home.13. A. The Invention of the Jazz Music.B. The Father of the Jazz Music.C. The Making of a Musician.D. The Spread of Popular Music.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It was expected to be a disaster.B. It turned out to be a disaster.C. It was spoiled by one girl.D. All the students enjoyed it.15. A. A thrilling exploration in the desert.B. How GPS saved the survivors.C. What is GPS and how it works.D. The danger of space exploration.16. A. It was created mainly for scientific research.B. It works better in fine weather conditions.C. It must be located on three satellites.D. Its service is free of charge.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Computer problems. B. Computer-related crimes.C. Healthcare.D. Computer-related injuries and problems.18. A. Not mentioned. B. Not too close.C. Half a meter away.D. About an arm's length away.19. A. Having a good chair.B. Keeping your feet flat on the floor.C. Crossing one's legs.D. Keeping arms and hands relaxed on the keyboard.20. A. There are not so many physical problems despite the wide use of computers.B. A good chair enables people to keep their feet flat on the floor.C. Dr. Kwan's advice is given to those who suffer from computer-related injuries.D. People should avoid sitting in front of computers for too long without walking around.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, /ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It's probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) __________ (learn) that realkeys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There's no point (22) __________ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) __________ (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）(24) __________ (grow) thatit actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) __________ __________ you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) __________ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than (27) __________ was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) __________ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres (染色体端粒) compared with (29) __________ who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) __________ raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section B (10分)Directions: Fill in each blank with. a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly l,000 years it has been (31) ______ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against (32) ______ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western (33) ______ to the capital. The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the (34) ______ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is (35) ______ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month overEaster (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most (36) ______ bits -- the State Apartments, St. George's Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are (37) ______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It (38) ______ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery (39) ______ the exhibition "The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years". The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen (40) ______ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the content."Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is 41 .Social scientists are of course 42 interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two 43 schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between 44 of each theory. The controversy (争论) is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture".Those who 45 the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are 46 determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is 47 to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 .Supporters of the "'nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, 49 , claim that our environment is-more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely 50 by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 51 stimuli（刺激）as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53 , say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 54 that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55 that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. prioritized C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55- A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection B (22分)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if l can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over￡100 a night, and then I have to.be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I'm exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves. I'm lucky because I'm an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I'm originally from Nigeria. 1 came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn't eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that's about ~7,000 a year.I don't have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have moretime to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn't new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don't need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word "eligible" in the passage can be replaced byA. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe theauthor?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.(B)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer?Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if it's the right path for you:*What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage, and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined, they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.* Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the averagerate for all occupations. With an impressive resume, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.* Get Started TodayWith the help of the courses, you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go.* Here's What You'll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacks.Learn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A. Arts.B. Science-technology.C. Courses.D. Business.61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications anddatabases.B. Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand forskills.C. The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run.D. You can't start to learn the courses of being a full stack web developer unless you havesome experience beforehand.62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To advertise for full stack web developers.B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.(C)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic (北欧的) world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be.Prematurely gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow", a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Comwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Comwall, Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent". A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker (柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig （小枝条） . The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤）and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished, sad expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired bySchjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the works of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother. "If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life", she wrote, "then it is because it has to be that way." In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modem painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town."I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves", she wrote, "where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the greatest discoveries." She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious -- her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success.63. Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because ______.A. her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB. her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC. her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD. her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.B. "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood.C. "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood.D. "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished, sorrowful expression.65. Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because _A. she was exhausted by her teaching jobB. her personality preferred this kind of life styleC. she could not appreciate the works of the other local paintersD. her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style66. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck'spaintings is ______.A. her vivid characterization of common peopleB. her capture of the characters' soulC. the sorrowful expression of the charactersD. her unconscious sense of some mysterious elementsSection C (8分)Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. 67 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.68 If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff".Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 69 They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.70IV. Summary Writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible:71. A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere – on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised (伪装) like a green leaf, lumpof brown soil, gray lichen (青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright. bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.第II卷(共40分)V. Translation (15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．（15分）To Be Joyful，To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？It's probably not what you think．In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）（learn）that real keys are pleasure，joy and freedom．Joy of living is sustainable；fear of dying is not．Why？Because life is to be enjoyed．There's no point （2）（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better，and quickly．When people eat more healthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，and manage stress better，they find they feel so much better，so quickly．It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right，your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen，so you become smarter，have more energy，and need less sleep．Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow，so your skin glows more and wrinkles less．You look younger and more attractive．In contrast，an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）you age more quickly．Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6）decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely．This is why smokers look years older than they really are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）（give）a questionnaire，the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felteach day．The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with （9）who felt more relaxed．Contrarily，some of the women who felt relaxed （10）raising a disabledchild had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．In other words，if you feel stressed，you are stressed．2．（15分）A．uprising B．original C．frequently D．spectacularE．features F．luxuriously G．captured H．approachesI．inhabited J．matters K．ranksWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain．Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）continuously，and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主）one after the other．Some were great builders，strengthening the Castle against （2）and rebellion；others，living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence．William the Conqueror chose the site，high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground．It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）to the capital．The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home，where she usually spends the weekend，and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties．Windsor Castle is （5）used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents．Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．The Castle is huge，so people tend to head for the most（6）bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments，St．George's Chapel，the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House．Works of art，antique furniture，curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations．The State Apartments are（7）decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．The magnificent and beautiful St．George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII．It （8）among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9）the exhibition "The Queen：60 Photographs for 60Years"．The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．III. Reading Comprehension3．（30分）"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed．However，it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is （1）．Social scientists are of course （2）interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour．There are no clear answers yet，but two （3）schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other，and there is a great deal of debate between （4）of each theory．The controversy （争论）is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5）the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）determined by biological factors．That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7）to this theory．Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）．Supporters of the "nurture" theory，or，as they are often called，（9），claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist，B．F．Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）by their surroundings．The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic．They state that，like machines，humans respond to （11）stimuli（刺激）as the basis of their behaviour．Socially and politically，the consequences of these two theories are （12）．In the US，for example，blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests．This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are．Behaviorists，（13），say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmentaladvantages that whites enjoy，and that，as a result，they do not develop the same （14）that whites do．Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour．As a matter of fact，it is quite （15）that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely（3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely（7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts（9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists （10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological （12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching （13）A．on the contrary B．as a whole C．after all D．for instance （14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages （15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely4．（8分）I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen，but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends meet．I do three night shifts a week，plus overtime if I can get it．Monday is the most occupied day for me ﹣﹣I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights，earning just over £100 a night，and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday．By the time I finish lectures，at 2 pm，I'm exhausted，but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm．I constantly have to force myself to stay awake，and to be alert，whatever it takes．Apacket of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps．The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves．I'm lucky because I'm an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym．I know I have the strength to bear it．I'm originally from Nigeria．I came here when I was seven，growing up in Croydon，south London．Money was tight．My parents gave me everything I needed，but there was no money to spend on luxuries．I worked hard at school though and，with the help of GT Scholars，I got some of the best A﹣level grades in my class．Unfortunately，though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young，the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application．That meant I wasn't eligible for a student loan．The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents，who work in market research，paid for my tuition fees．In Scotland，that's about £7，000 a year．I don't have much time to socialize because of my job．Ideally，I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course．Yes，I have a lot on my plate，but working hard isn't new to me．Growing up，my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life．My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS．But right now，I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can．Whenever I find life hard，I tell myself this is about my future．I don't need much，but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time．That is what I look forward to the most．（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？A．To help his parents pay off the debts．B．To pay for his tuition fees．C．To prove his ability to earn money．D．To pay for his own living expenses．（2）The underlined word "eligible" in the passage can be replaced by．A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）According to the passage，which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？A．A penny saved is a penny earned．B．Actions speak louder than words．C．God helps those who help themselves．D．Where there is life，there is hope．5．（6分）Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？Should you become a full stack web developer？What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？Our courses bring you a step﹣by﹣step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed．Read on to discover if it's the right path for you：●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back﹣end webdeveloping．With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish，a full stack developer can plan，manage，and build software with general know﹣how．A core difference between front and back﹣end developers is that front﹣end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website，while back﹣end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers，applications，and databases．Combined，they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly．Both skillsets are crucial for being a well﹣rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs．If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you．●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer，there are fewer candidates applying for positions，leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates．The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026，which is faster than the average rate for all occupations．With an impressive resume，full stack web developers can make ﹩87，661 on average．●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course，you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer．You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go．●Here's What You'll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front﹣end and back﹣end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails，HTML，CSS，and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front﹣end framework，Angular，and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration．（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage？A．Arts．B．Science﹣technology．C．Courses．D．Business．（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．Front and back﹣end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases．B．Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills．C．The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run．D．You can't start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand．（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？A．To advertise for full stack web developers．B．To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer．C．To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer．D．To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide．6．（8分）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck，on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague，may come asa surprise to many．Few outside the Nordic（北欧的）world would recognize the works ofthis Finnish artist who died in 1946．More people should．The 120 works have at their core20 self﹣portraits，half the number she painted in all．The first，dated 1880，is of a wide﹣eyed teenager eager to absorb everything．The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost﹣to﹣be．Prematurely gifted，Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school．"The Wounded Warrior in the Snow"，a history painting，was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17．Schjerfbeck studied in Paris，went on to Pont﹣Aven，Brittany，where she painted for a year，then to Tuscany，Cornwall and St Petersburg．During her 1887 visit to St Ives，Cornwall，Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"．A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker （柳条编制的）chair，toying with a sprig（小枝条）．The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society．To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的）and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished，sad expression on the child's face，which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences．At four，she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered．In 1890，Schjerfbeck settled in Finland．Teaching exhausted her，she did not like the works of other local painters，and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother．"If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life"，she wrote，"then it is because it has to be that way．" In 1902，Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small，industrial town of Hyvinkaa，50 kilometres north of Helsinki．Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter．She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother，local school girls，womenworkers in town．"I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul，which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves"，she wrote，"where everything is still unconscious ﹣﹣there one can make the greatest discoveries．" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting，scraped and rubbed，made bright rosy red spots；doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious ﹣﹣her own and that of her models．In 1913，Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist，Gosta Stenman．Once again she was a success．（1）Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because．A．her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB．her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC．her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD．her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．"The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood．B．"The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood．C．"The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood．D．"The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished，sorrowful expression．（3）Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of．A．she was exhausted by her teaching jobB．her personality prefers this kind of styleC．she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD．her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style．（4）We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is．A．her vivid characterization of common peopleB．her capture of the characters' soulC．the sorrowful expression of the charactersD．her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements7．（8分）A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods．B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered．C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop．D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment，even if you don't like it．E．Without patience，you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling，frustration，hurt feelings．F．If you lack patience，you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing．The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self．The more patient you are，the more accepting you will be of what life is，rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be．Without patience，life is extremely frustrating．（1）Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life．It's important for inner peace．（2）If you are stuck in a traffic jam，late for an appointment，being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax．It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that，in the bigger scheme of things，being late is "small stuff"．Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．（3）They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience．Life itself becomes a classroom，and the curriculum is patience．You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time．What you'll discover is truly amazing．Your intention to be patient，especially if you know it's only for a short while，immediately strengthens your capacity for patience．Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself．Once you reach little milestone﹣five minutes of successful patience ﹣you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient，even for longer periods of time．Over time，you may even become a patient person．Being patient will help you to keep your perspective．You will see even a difficult situation，say your present challenge，isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with．（4）．IV. Summary Writing8．（15分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet．More species of insects exist than allother animal species together．Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years，and may possess the ability to survive for millions more．Insects can be found almost everywhere ﹣﹣on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams，in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs．They dig through the ground，jump and sing in the trees，and run and dance in the air．They come in many different colours and various shapes．There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving．Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments．The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans．Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods ﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，other insects，plants and animals．Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces．Also，insects have an enormous reproductive capacity：An African ant queen can lay as many as 43，000 eggs a day．Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour．An insect may be right before our eyes，but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装）like a green leaf，lump of brown soil，gray lichen（青苔），a seed or some other natural object．Some insects use bright，bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad，sting or are poison．Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator，bitter﹣tasting insects；hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI. Guided Writing13．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．（15分）To Be Joyful，To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？It's probably not what you think．In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）have learned （learn）that real keys are pleasure，joy and freedom．Joy of living is sustainable；fear of dying is not．Why？Because life is to be enjoyed．There's no point （2）abandoning（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better，and quickly．When people eat more healthfully，（3）quit（quit）smoking，and manage stress better，they find they feel so much better，so quickly．It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right，your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen，so you become smarter，have more energy，and need less sleep．Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）（4）to grow（grow）that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow，so your skin glows more and wrinkles less．You look younger and more attractive．In contrast，an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）so you age more quickly．Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6）which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely．This is why smokers look years older than they really are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）what was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）Given/Having been given（give）a questionnaire，the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felt each day．The women who realized they were under heavy stress hadsignificantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with （9）those who felt more relaxed．Contrarily，some of the women who felt relaxed （10）without raising a disabled child had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．In other words，if you feel stressed，you are stressed．【解答】1．have learned．考查时态，根据前面的in the past 30 years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填have learned．2．abandoning．考查非谓语，there be句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．4．to grow．考查不定式，cause sb to do sth：使某人做某事，故填to grow．5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代your blood vessel becoming narrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Having been given．考查非谓语，the women与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Having been given．9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．2．（15分）A．uprising B．original C．frequently D．spectacularE．features F．luxuriously G．captured H．approachesI．inhabited J．matters K．ranksWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain．Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）I continuously，and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主）one after the other．Some were great builders，strengthening the Castle against （2）A and rebellion；others，living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence．William the Conqueror chose the site，high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground．It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）H to the capital．The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）B castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home，where she usually spends the weekend，and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties．Windsor Castle is （5）C used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents．Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．The Castle is huge，so people tend to head for the most（6）D bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments，St．George's Chapel，the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House．Works of art，antique furniture，curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations．The State Apartments are（7）F decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．The magnificent and beautiful St．George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII．It （8）K among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9）E the exhibition "The Queen：60 Photographs for 60 Years"．The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）G in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．【解答】IAHBC DFKEG1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．III. Reading Comprehension3．（30分）"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed．However，it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is （1）C．Social scientists are of course （2）B interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour．There are no clear answers yet，but two （3）A schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other，and there is a great deal of debate between （4）D of each theory．The controversy（争论）is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5）B the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）B determined by biological factors．That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7）C to this theory．Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）D．Supporters of the "nurture" theory，or，as they are often called，（9）D，claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist，B．F．Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）A by their surroundings．The behaviorists' view of the human being is。

2019-2020学年上海市奉城高级中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated in the beautiful Sichuan Basin, Chongqing is a magical 8D city. The natural history and cultural scenery of the area provide children with learning opportunities because they can enjoy the many wonders of this area.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointTiankeng Diqiao Scenic Area is located in the southern mountainous area of Fengjie County. The Tiankeng pit is 666 meters deep and is currently the deepest tiankeng in the world. The scenic spot is divided into ten areas including Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Tianjingxia Ground, Labyrinth River, and Longqiao River. There are many and weird karst cave shafts, and countless legends haunt them.Youyang Peach GardenYouyang Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a national forest park, a national 5A-level scenic spot, and a national outdoor sports training base. Located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain. The Fuxi Cave in the scenic spot is about 3,000 meters long, with winding corridors, deep underground rivers, and color1 ful stalactites. The landscape is beautiful.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveJinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District of Chongqing City, about 45 kilometers away from the Central District of Chongqing City. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, the green bamboos form the forest, the environment is quiet, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Little Emei". Among them, Yujian Peak is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; Lion Peak is the most precipitous and spectacular, and the other peaks are also unique.Chongqing People's SquareChongqing's Great Hall of the People, one of the landmarks of Chongqing, gives people the deepest impression than its magnificent appearance resembling the Temple of Heaven. It also uses the traditional method of central axis symmetry, with colonnade-style double wings and a tower ending, plus a large green glazed roof, large red pillars, white railings, double-eave bucket arches, and painted carved beams.1.How deep is the Tiankeng Ground Joint?A.666mB.3,000mC.45kmD.1050m2.Which of the following rocks can you see in Youyang Peach Garden?A.LimestoneB.StalactiteC.MarbleD.Quartzite3.Which attraction is closest to downtown Chongqing?A.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointB.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveC.Chongqing People's SquareD.Youyang Peach GardenBIt might have been Jimmy Kimmel, or any other sharp-tongued talk show hosts of late-night TV. In this instance, it was Samantha Bee, stating her opposition to childhood vaccinations humorously. “Who are you going to believe?” she asked. “Leading authorities on medical science, or 800 comments on your cousin’s Facebook page?”Joking about science can have serious effects, according to studies by communication scholars. Accordingly, since 2013, Paul, a psychological professor, has conducted studies of how satire (讥讽) can influence people’s beliefs about science, which have shown that if you want to interest people in science and shape their views on hot-button science issues, satirical humor can work better.Many Americans pay little attention to science. Even people who regularly watch TV news receive only scraps of science information in their media diet, because mainstream media outlets devote so little airtime to the subject. On top of that, some Americans may regard science as inaccessible.Yet satirical humor can reach viewers who would never watch NOVA or read — well, National Geographic. Millions of people watch late-night television programs live, and videos of these shows get millions of views on streaming services. In 2016, a vote conducted by the University of Delaware Center indicated that nearly one in 10 said they learned about science from late-night television shows.Late-night hosts may occasionally poke fun at scientists. More often, however, the hosts promote a positive image of science. By making science entertaining to audience with little knowledge of the topic, late-night television could spark science engagement. Furthermore, the researchers concluded that satirical shows had the biggest impact among the least educated viewers, thus helping to narrow a gap in attention to science. Though late-night satirical humor can boost science interest and awareness, it has its limits. Science is complex, and conveying that complexity in a few minutes while telling jokes can be a challenge.4. What does Paul’s studies of joking about science indicate?A. It may do serious damage to science.B. It can effectively popularize science.C. It totally changes people’s attitude to science.D. It will shift people’s attention from entertainment to science.5. Why do TV watchers receive a little science information?A. Because they enjoy watching entertainments.B. Because science is not easy to come up with.C. Because they find no interest in science issues.D. Because science is scarcely seen on mainstream media.6. What do we know about the late-night shows involving science?A. The hosts get used to playing tricks on scientists.B. The hosts’ aim is to build a positive image of science.C. Education gap can be bridged through late-night shows.D. Science participation can be promoted among their viewers.7. What’s the author’s attitude towards combining science with satire?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Positive.D. Negative.CWolves have a certain undeserved reputation: fierce, dangerous, good forhunting down deer and farmers’ livestock. However, wolves have a softer, more social side, one that has been embraced by a heart-warming new initiative.In a bid to save some of Europe’s last wolves, scientists have explored the willingness of these supposedly fierce creatures to help others of their kind. Female wolves, the scientists have discovered, make excellent foster parents to wolf cubs that are not their own. The study, published in Zoo Biology, suggests that captive-bred wolfcubs(幼兽)could be placed with wild wolf families, boosting the wild population.The gray wolf was once the world’s most widely distributed mammal, but it became extinct as a result of widespread habitat destruction and the deliberate killing of wolves suspectedof preying on livestock. Fear and hatred of the wolf have since become culturally rooted, fuelled by myths, fables and stories.In Scandinavia, the gray wolf is endangered, the remaining population found by just five animals. As aresult, European wolves are severely inbred and have little geneticvariability（变异性）, making them vulnerable to threats, such as outbreaks of disease that they can’t adapt to quickly. So Inger Scharis and Mats Amundin of Linkoping University, in Sweden, started Europe’s first gray wolf-fostering program. They worked with wolves keptat seven zoos across Scandinavia. Eight wolf cubs between four and six days old were removed from their natural parents and placed with other wolf packs in other zoos. The foster mothers accepted the new cubs placed in their midst.The welfare of the foster cubs and the wolves’ natural behavior were monitored using a system of surveillance cameras. The foster cubs had a similar growth rate as their step siblings in the recipient litter, as well as their biological siblings in the source litter. The foster cubs had a better overall survival rate, with 73% surviving until 33 weeks, than their biological siblings left behind, of which 63% survived. That rate of survival is similar to that seen in wild wolf cubs. Scientists believe that wolves can recognize their young, but this study suggests they can only do so once cubs are somewhere between three to seven weeks of age.If captive-bred cubs can be placed with wild-living families, which already have cubs of a similar age, not only will they have a good chance of survival, but they could help dramatically increase the diversity of the wild population, say the researchers. Just like the wild wolves they would join, these foster cubs would need protection from hunting. Their arrival could help preserve the future of one of nature’s most iconic and polarizing animals.8. What’s the theme of the passage?A. Giving wolf cubs a new lifeB. Foster wolf parents and foster cubsC. The fate of wild wolvesD. Changing diversity of wild wolves9. Which of the following flow chart best demonstrates the relationship between the wolves?A. B.C. D.10. Which of the following statements is true?A. Female wolves are willing to raise wolf cubs of 3 to 7 weeks old.B. Foster cubs are accepted by foster parents and are well bred.C. Man’s hostile attitude towards wolves roots in myths, fables and stories.D. Foster cubs and their biological siblings have similar growth rate and survival rate.11. What’s the purpose of the research?A. To help wolves survive various threatsB. To improve wolves’ habitat and stop deliberate killingC. To save endangered wolves by increasing their populationD. To raise man’s awareness of protecting wolvesDJohn Montefiore's path to graduation from theUniversityofTorontowas a little unusual. He recently completed his bachelor's degree(学士学位) which he started in1995.Montefiore left university in 1996 and tried to tell himself that a degree wasn't necessary for personal success. But it remained unfinished businessuntil he made the decision to return in 2018 at the age 42. At that time, his job development stalled, so he made up his mind to go back to school in order to improve himself and work well in future.The second time around, Montefiore never missed a class and always sat in the front row. He found many courses invaluable and he received the Award of Excellence twice. He found support services played an important role in his successful return. He said, “I hadn't written a paper for years, so I found the college writing centre to be of great use. Before I handed in a paper, they would give me feedback, which was really great. The university has so much built in to help students succeed and I'm so thankful for that.” But he also met difficulties this time. As a student much older than others, he found it harder to make friends with classmates.However, no matter what had happened before, he finally got his bachelor's degree. He said, “After all these years, I had thought it wouldn't mean anything, but it means a lot. I totally understand the value of education now. It's not necessarily the value that other people see in it, but the value it gives me as a person, for my confidence and my self-esteem. It also helps me prepare well before I re-enter the workplace.”12. Why was Montefiore's graduation unusual?A. He had achieved personal success before.B. He understood the importance of a degree.C. He finished his degree at a much older age.D. He began his university study at a young age.13. What does the underlined word "stalled" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Stopped.B. Started.C. Survived.D. Succeeded.14. What can we learn about Montefiore from the third paragraph?A. He got good grades very easily.B. He took his study seriously this timeC. He was thankful for his classmates' helpD. He had difficulty using support services.15. What did Montefiore learn from his experience?A. Confidence is important in one's life.B. Others' opinions on education matter a lot.C. Higher education is a must for personal success.D. Education makes one feel better about himself.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷及评析II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoung Whatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifest yle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconducti ngclinicalresearch，I（1）（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbe tter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechanges fromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatrigh t，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreeho ursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains! Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmo reattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourf ace（5）youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinec ontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinklepremature ly．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'aware nessofstresswasmoreimportantthan（7）wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealiz edtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastle WindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleinthew orldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchoseth esite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntinggrou nd．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesa mepositionasthoseofthe（4）castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenuse stheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformald uties．WindsorCastleis（5）usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsand presidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEas ter（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）bits ﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Workso fart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesof manydifferentroyalgenerations．TheSta teApartmentsare（7）decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfuncti ons．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedi n1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheU K．TheDrawingsGallery（9）theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen（10）inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamil ygatherings．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture" Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesand behaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanothe risnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhy wepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexp ect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thos ewho（5）the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare（6）determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslit tle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosucha greatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9），claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologica llybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbein gisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencet ests．Thisleadssome"nature"support erstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13），saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacks areoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour ．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoex tremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely （3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely （7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts （9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists（10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological（12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far ﹣reaching（13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance（14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages（15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely4．（8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatR obertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet．Id othreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit．Mondayisthemostoccupieddayform e﹣﹣Iworkfrom10pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights，earningjustover￡100anight，andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday．Bythetim eIfinishlectures，at2pm，I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pm．Iconstantlyhavetofor cemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhel ps．TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisve ryphysicallikestackingshelves．I'mluckybecauseI'manactivepersonandtheamountIliftatworkis nothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym．IknowIhavet hestrengthtobearit．I'moriginallyfromNigeria．IcameherewhenIwasseven，growingupinCroydon，southLondon．Moneywastight．MyparentsgavemeeverythingIne eded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoo lthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars，IgotsomeofthebestA ﹣levelgradesinmyclass．Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedfor"settled"Britishresidentialstatusw henveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyappl ication．ThatmeantIwasn'teligibl eforastudentloan．TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversit ywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayfo rallmylivingcostsandmyparents，whoworkinmarketresearch，paidformytuitionfees．InScotland，that'sabout￡7，000ayear．Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob．Ideally，IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycourse．Yes，Ihavealotonmyplate，butworkinghardisn'tnewtome．Growingup，myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultiva tedinmetheimportanceofworking hardforwhatIwantinlife．MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherap ynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS．Butrightn ow，I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan．WheneverI findlifehard，Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture．Idon'tneedmuch，butIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime．ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothem ost．（1）Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeevery week？A．Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts．B．Topayforhistuitionfees．C．Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney．D．Topayforhisownlivingexpenses．（2）Theunderlinedword"eligible"inthepassagecanbereplacedby ．A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheautho r？A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage ？A．Apennysavedisapennyearned．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloper？Shouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper？Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob？Ourcoursesbringyouastep﹣by﹣steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtos ucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：●WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback ﹣endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildappl icationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow﹣how．Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback﹣enddevelopersisthatfront﹣enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawe bsite，whileback﹣enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers，applications，anddatabases．Combined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingtha tmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell﹣roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingfor jobs．Ifyouliketolearnnewconc eptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpa thforyou．●DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowing Becauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwe bdeveloper，therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions，leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates．Thejobout lookforwebdevelopersisestimatedt ogrow13%by2026，whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations．Witha nimpressiveresume，fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake﹩87，661onaverage．●GetStartedTodayWiththehelpofthecourse，youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullsta ckwebdeveloper．Youcanstartfrom anylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtra ckyourprogressasyougo．●Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCourses Buildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront﹣endandback﹣endstacks LearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScript DevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront﹣endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordovaDesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdata baseintegration．（1）Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispass age？A．Arts．B．Science﹣technology．C．Courses．D．Business．（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Frontandback﹣enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicati onsanddatabases．B．Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionof beingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills．C．Thejobpro spectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun．D．Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdev eloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdevel oper．C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafu llstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerg uide．6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck，onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattr actedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandt heHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北欧的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946．Morepeopleshould．The12 0workshaveattheircore20self﹣portraits，halfthenumbershepaintedinall．Thefirst，dated1880，isofawide﹣eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything．Thelastisasighting oftheartist'sghost﹣to﹣be．Prematurelygifted，Schjerfbeckwas11whensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdr awingschool．"TheWoundedWarr iorintheSnow"，ahistorypainting，wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrant whenshewas17．Schjerfbeckstudie dinParis，wentontoPont ﹣Aven，Brittany，whereshepaintedforayear，thentoTuscany，CornwallandStPetersburg．Duringher1887visittoStIves，Cornwall，Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent"．Achildwrappedinabl anketsitssupportedupinalargewi cker（柳条编制的）chair，toyingwithasprig（小枝条）．Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthe1889ParisWorldFairan dwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSo ciety．Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感伤的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished，sadexpressiononthechild'sface，whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperience s．Atfour，shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered．In1890，SchjerfbecksettledinFinland．Teachingexhaustedher，shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters，andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermothe r．"IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoli veanisolatedlife"，shewrote，"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway．"In1902，Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，industrialtownofHyvinkaa，50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．IsolationhadonedesiredeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbeca meamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbut aboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitso fhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．"Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedept hsofthesoul，whichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves"，shewrote，"whereeverythingisstillunconscious﹣﹣thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．"Sheexperimented withdifferentkindsofunderpainting，scrapedandrubbed，madebrightrosyredspots；doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious﹣﹣herownandthatofhermodels．In1913，Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist，GostaStenman．Onceagainshewasasuccess．（1）Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecause．A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworld B．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworld C．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseen them D．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghosts（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherc hildhood．B．"TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck 'ssentimentalchildhood．C．"TheConvalescent"ismadeasares ultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．"TheConvales cent"isfeaturedbythechild'sastonished，sorrowfulexpression．（3）Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof．A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjob B．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyle C．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpainters D．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalif estyle．（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacte risticsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsis．A．hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeople B．hercaptureofthecharacters'soul C．thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharacters D．herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements7．（8分）Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreati ngamorepeacefulandlovingself．T hemorepatientyouare，themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis，ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeitto be．Withoutpatience，lifeisextremelyfrustrating．（1）Patienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlife．It'simport antforinnerpeace．（2）Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam，lateforanappointment，beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamenta lsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggets outofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax．Itmightalso beagoodtimetobreatheaswellasano pportunitytoremindyourselfthat，inthebiggerschemeofthings，beinglateis"smallstuff"．Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithd eliberatepractice．（3）TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticethe artofpatience．Lifeitselfbecomesac lassroom，andthecurriculumispatience．Youcanstartwithaslittleasfi veminutesandbuildupyourcapacityfor patienceovertime．Whatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazing．Your intentiontobepatient，especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile，immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience．Patience isoneofthosequalitieswheresuccess feedsonitself．Onceyoureachlittlemilestone﹣fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience﹣you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepati ent，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillse eevenadifficultsituation，sayyourpresentchallenge，isn't"lifeordeath"butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedea ltwith．（4）．IV.SummaryWriting8．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemain point（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaras possible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespecie sofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalsp eciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300 millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore．Insect scanbefoundalmosteverywhere﹣﹣onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthrou ghtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursa ndvariousshapes．Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurvivin g．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptper mitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironm ents．Theoneplacewheretheyhave notyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insec tscansurviveonawiderangeofnatur alandartificialfoods﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinys paces．Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43，000eggsaday．Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivec olour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeour eyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguised（伪装）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlooklikethe eyesofahugepredator，bitter﹣tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI.GuidedWriting13．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoung Whatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifest yle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconducti ngclinicalresearch，I（1）havelearned（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）abandoning（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbe tter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）quit（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechanges fromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreeho ursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）togrow（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains! Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmo reattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourf ace（5）so youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinec ontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）which decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinklepremature ly．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'aware nessofstresswasmoreimportantthan（7）whatwasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）Given/Havingbeengiven（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealiz edtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）those whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）without raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．【考点】N6：语法填空．【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻．【解答】1．havelearned．考查时态，根据前面的inthepast30years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填havelearned．2．abandoning．考查非谓语，therebe句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．4．togrow．考查不定式，causesbtodosth：使某人做某事，故填togrow．5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代yourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Havingbeengiven．考查非谓语，thewomen与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Havingbeengiven．9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleinthew orldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）I continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）A andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchoseth esite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntinggrou nd．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）H tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesa mepositionasthoseofthe（4）B castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenuse stheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformald uties．WindsorCastleis（5）C usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsand presidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）D bits ﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Workso fart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesof manydifferentroyalgenerations．TheStateApartmentsare（7）F decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfuncti ons．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstar tedin1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）K amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheU K．TheDrawingsGallery（9）E theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．Theexhibitionpresentsportrait softheQueen（10）G inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamil ygatherings．【考点】N8：选词填空．【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．【解答】IAHBCDFKEG1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断，以符合题目要求．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture" Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesand behaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanothe risnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）C．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）B interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhy wepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）A schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexp ect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）D ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thosewho（5）B the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitie sandbehaviourpatternsare（6）B determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）C tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosucha greatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）D．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9）D，claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologica llybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）Abytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbein gisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）A stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）D．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencet ests．Thisleadssome"nature"support erstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13）A，saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacks areoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）B thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainh umanbehaviour．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）D thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoex tremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely （3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely （7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts （9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists（10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological（12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching（13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance（14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages（15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely【考点】M2：社会文化．【分析】人们很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．本文介绍了两种理论，并且对此提出例子来说明．【解答】CBADBBCDDAADABD（1）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感B．productive 生产C．competitive竞争D．aggressive好斗．很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．故选C．（2）B．副词词意辨析题．A．moderately适度地B．extremely 非常C．reluctantly不情愿地D．scarcely几乎不．社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣．故选B．（3）A．形容词词意辨析题．A．distinct明显的B．reliable 可靠的C．relevant相关的D．equal平等的．目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种明显的、截然不同的思想流派．故选A．（4）D．名词词意辨析题．A．objectors反对者B．operators 经营者C．opponents对手D．advocates主张．正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论．故选D．（5）B．动词词意辨析题．A．claim要求B．support支持C．resolve 决定D．inherit继承．那些支持"自然"的人，相信我们的个性是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（6）B．副词词意辨析题．A．completely完全地B．largely 主要地C．thoroughly彻底地D．merely仅仅．人的行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（7）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感的B．open打开C．central中心的D．subject主题．我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这是这一理论的核心．故选C．（8）D．名词词意辨析题．A．abilities能力B．capacities 能力C．personalities诽谤D．instincts本能．极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配．故选D．（9）D．名词词意辨析题．A．experts专家B．scientists科学家C．environmentalists环保主义D．behaviorists行为．"后天培养"理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要．故选D．（10）A．动词词意辨析题．A．shaped塑造B．dominated控制。

2019-2020学年上海市奉城高级中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANo one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B. To introduce the early history of printing.C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.BA trip to thelibrary was like a great journey to a different country. To get there, we had to walk a mile. But our weekly journeys to the library were a piece of perfection. I had around me at one time all the people I loved best-my father and mother and brothers and sister--and all the things I loved best- quiet, space and books.I read a lot of books about science: not the spaceships my brothers preferred, but the birds and the bees--literally. I brought home a book of birds and searched the trees for anything other than robins (知更鸟). I went through a phrase of loving books with practical science experiments and used up a whole bottle of white vinegar by pouring it on the sides of our apartment building to prove that it was constructed of limestone (石灰石).One Saturday, as I wandered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Lousia May Alcott. I had learned from experience that titles weren’t everything. A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home. So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs.I read and read and read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I did not put it down until the end. Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of Alcott' s story. It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. I had found someone who thought and felt the way I did.4. What can we say about the author’s family?A. They enjoyed traveling abroad.B. They were library frequenters.C. They were very fond of walking.D. They led a perfectly quiet life.5. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 2?A. Her different hobbies from her brothers.B. How she conducted science experiments.C. Why she loved books about the birds and the bees.D. Her reading interests during a particular period of time.6. What opinion does the author hold on books?A. Book titles can sometimes be misleading.B. Science books are as interesting as novels.C. The first few paragraphs of a book are attractive.D. Books seem duller when read in libraries than at home.7. How would the author describe Little Women?A. It helped her to discover her true character.B. It made her forget about food and sleep.C. It inspired confidence in her.D. It kept her absorbed.CAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.8. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.9. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.10. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.11. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space TravelDYou don't generally expect to put yourself in the public eye whenyou go on vacation. However when a British couple, Jessica and Edward, flew to Crete, they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street.At first, their Crete vacation hadn't been anything outside of the norm. However, it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed. The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground. It looked a bit like a make-up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it.Without hesitation, Jessica picked up the bag and opened it. She was shocked to see a lot of money in it-a total of 7,100 Euros. There was probably a lot they could do with all that money. However, the couple didn't have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else. Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money. She didn't consider that there was any other choice, so the couple handed over the money to the local police.The police found the owner, an elderly woman, and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them. When they eventually met at the police station, the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn't stop hugging and blessing them, although they insisted they were just doing the right thing.News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island. The locals wanted to show them their gratitude. This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded. The couple appreciated the kindness, but it was all getting to be a bit too much. They just wanted to have a normal vacation.They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation. There's only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.12. What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money?A. They decided to do all with that money.B. They bought something in souvenir shops.C. They turned it over to the local police station.D. They tried to look for the owner by themselves.13. Which o£ the following can best describe the locals in Crete?A. Polite and hard-working.B. Kind and grateful.C. Sociable and honest.D. Rich and determined.14. Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar" in the last paragraph?A. They want to take fewer flights.B. They can't handle more radars.C. They hope to gain less attention.D. They don't have more money.15. What can we learn from the text?A. Good things come to kind people.B. The early bird catchesthe worm.C. Behind bad luck conies good luck.D. Money is too much for strangers.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou haven’t truly visited a city until you’ve experienced its nightlife. Watching a big city likeLondongradually turn dark and darker into the night is a beautiful journey of time and light. So how about taking a historical evening walk and touchingsome of the nicest areas in centralLondon? Let’s get started.6:30 pmThe walk starts on theMillenniumBridge. On the bridge, watch the scenic city across the River Thames with the skyscrapers gradually lighting up against the darkening skies.TheMillenniumBridgehas been featured in many London-based films, includingHarry Potter, and the filmGuardians of the Galaxy.7:30 pmIt’s getting dark. A fifteen-minute walk northwest fromSt Paul’s Cathedral takes you to the historic Borough Market. During the evenings, you find a lot of restaurants around the market. This is an excellent time to get your dinner.9:00 pmThe next stop isLondonBridge. This is about 6 minutes’ walk from the Borough Market. As you join other onlookers and mentally go through the nursery school rhyme of “LondonBridgeis Falling Down”, you get lost again in history. Why does the song sayLondonBridgeis falling and who is the fair lady?During theLondoncity fire of 1897,LondonBridgeserved an important role in fire control. It was one of the major structures that prevented the fire from crossing over to the other side ofLondon.11:30 pmLondonnever sleeps; it’s a few minutes to midnight and everywhere is still filled with people moving around. About four minutes away from the Golden Jubilee Bridges isTrafalgar Square, our next stop.12:00 amIt’s been a beautiful evening, hasn’t it?1. Where can you visit aGuardians of the Galaxyfilming location?A. In theSt Paul’s Cathedral.B. On theMillenniumBridge.C. In the Borough Market.D. On the Golden Jubilee Bridges.2. What can be learned about the Borough Market?A. It is far fromLondonBridge.B. It is related to a famous song.C. It is an ideal place for dinner.D. It is a modern open-air market.3. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To showLondon’s color1 ful culture.B. To introduce the scenery inLondon.C. To ask people to do outdoor activities.D. To recommend a night tour inLondon.BDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all, I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As 1 flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.4. What does the author say about doctors in general?A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are quick learners of CRM.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are unwilling to take advice.5. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A. his boss landed the plane too lateB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. he saved the plane by speaking upD. his boss operated on a patient6. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .A. following flying requirementsB. making a mistake that may cost livesC. listening to what fellow doctors sayD. overreacting to different opinions7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. A Pilot-Turned DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorCWhy do you check social media? Is it to keep up with everything that your friends and family are doing? Is it to find new trendy spots to eat?Regardless of the reason, you may find yourself with different degrees of envy or discomfort after a quick look at your phone. Then you might be suffering from a phenomenon known as “Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). ”While the phenomenon of FOMO can be traced back for centuries, it had never been the issue as it is today, causing widespread discussion and research. This rise in checking social media is naturally connected to the increasing leading position that social media holds over our lives. Every time someone opens their WeChat Moments, Facebook, Twitter... etc. , they are bombarded with the highlight reels of other peoples' lives. A sunny beach, delicious-looking food, a super cute kitten-they are all uplifting photos, yet they're very likely to bring about more unhappiness than joy. You see, the first thought to come out of your mind may be “Wow, that's so cool/delicious/cute”, but then it takes a hard U-turn. You're thinking: “I wish I were there” or “my life is so boring compared to his/hers.” The more you see, the more likely you are to have these negative feelings.What's worse is the habit many people have of turning to social media in search of happiness when they are feeling down, not realizing that they are just going to end up in a negative cycle of endless disappointment.Montesquieu once said: “If one only wished to be happy, this could be easily accomplished; but we wish to be happier than other people, and this is always difficult, for we believe others to be happier than they are.”FOMO will go hand in hand with dissatisfaction and envy. Appreciate what you already have, because someone else out there in the world would gladly give everything to be you.8. What is the purpose of the questions in paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic of the passage.B. To explain the function of FOMO.C. To describe the features of FOMO.D. To give the reasons for checking social media.9. How might people feel seeing other's perfect life through social media?A. Joyful.B. Admiring.C. Comfortable.D. Envious.10. What can we conclude from Montesquieu's words in paragraph 3?A. We could turn to social media for happiness.B. We couldn't realise our dream without hard work.C. We couldn't harvest happiness through comparison.D. We could live better than others by showing ourselves online.11. What is the author's attitude towards FOMO?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Hopeful.DA North Atlantic right whale calf(幼崽) was discovered dead on the beach of an island off North Carolina. The male newborn was found on North Core Banks, part of the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The reports indicate that the animal died during birth or shortly after, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA). Scientists took DNA to determine the calf’s mother.This is the beginning of the right whale’s reproduction(繁殖) season, which begins mid-November and runs through mid-April. NOAA called this death a disastrous start to the season. Each new right whale calf brings so much hope for this badly endangered animals, and losses like this have a great impact on their recovery, NOAA said.The right whale is one of the rarest marine mammals(哺乳动物) in the world, according to NOAA. They will soon be extinct unless something is done to save it, researchers warn. This kind of whale has been experiencing an Unusual Death Event over the past three years, according to NOAA. Since 2017, at least 32 dead and 13 seriously wounded whales have been documented by the organization. “This means more than 10 percent of the remaining population,” according to NOAA.NOAA posted a piece of news on Monday, the same day they announced the calf’s death, warning boaters to be watchful as the whales are migrating(迁徙) nearly 1,000 miles along the Atlantic Coast. The organization calls for boaters to be watchful, slow down and to give these endangered whales plenty of room. They also ask all fishermen to remove their unused nets from the ocean to help avoid possibledamage.12. Why did scientists take DNA of the calf?A. To save its mother.B. To confirm its identity.C. To determine the time of its death.D. To uncover the cause of its death.13. How many right whales are left according to the passage?A. About 40.B. About 50.C. About 400.D. About 500.14. What do we know aboutNorth Atlanticright whales?A. Their reproduction season usually last about half a year.B. They are the rarest marine mammals in the world.C. They are experiencing a high death rate of newborns.D. Their habitat runs nearly 1,000 miles along the coast.15. What’s the main purpose of the news posted on Monday?A. To announce the calf’s unusual death.B. To remind boaters to watch the whales.C. To protect the boats against the whales.D. To assist the whales’ seasonal migration.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

合用标准文档Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ATo Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’ s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21)(learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’ s no point (22)(abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that ’ s even better,and quickly.Whenpeople eat more healthfully, (23)(quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better,so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right,your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen,so you become smarter, have more energy,and need less sleep.Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞 )(24)(grow) that it actually increased the size of people’ s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger andmore attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flowto your face (25)you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26)decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This iswhy smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more importantthan(27)was objectively occurring in their lives.(28)(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day.The womenwho realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres( 染色体端粒 ) compared with (29)who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the womenwho felt relaxed (30)raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section BDirections ： After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. uprisingB. originalC. frequentlyD. magnificentE. featureF. luxuriouslyG. captured H. approaches I . inhabited J. matters K. rankswelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residenceof the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been 31 _________ continuously, andaltered and redecorated by monarchs(君主 ) one after the other. Some were great builders, strengtheningthe Castle against 32_________ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grandRoyal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge ofa Saxon hunting ground.It was a day ’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western33__________ to the capital. The outer walls fo today’ s structure are in the same position as thoseof the 34_________ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s. The Queen uses the Castle bothas a private home, where she usually spends the weekend,ans as a Royal residence at which she undertakes合用标准文档monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for amonth over Easter(March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most 36___________ bits--the State Apartments,ST. George ’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture,curiositics and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are 37_______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’ s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed50 years later by Henry VIII. It 38________ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture inthe UK.The Drawings Gallery 39_________ the exhibition“ The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years〞. The exhibitionpresents portraits of the Queen 40________ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxedfamily gatherings.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections ： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C,and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“ Nature and Nurture 〞People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, itis not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative andanother is 41 ____.Social scientists are of course 42_________ interested in these types of questions. They want toexplain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answersyet, but two43______schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other,and there is a great deal of debated between44________ of each theory.The controversy( 争论 )is often conveniently referred to as“ nature and nurture〞Those who 45 ________ the“ nature〞side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are 46_________ determined by biological factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is 47________ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 ______.Supporters of the“ nurture〞theory, or , as they are often called, 49 ________, claim that ourenvironment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Abehaviorists ’ s view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humansrespond to 51________ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 _______. In the US, forexample, blacks often score below white on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some“ nature〞supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists,53________ ,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of manyof the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, theydo not develop the same 54 ________that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite55_______ that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy合用标准文档41.A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42.A. moderately B. extremely D. scarcely43.A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44.A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45.A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46.A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47.A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48.A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instinct49.A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalist D. behaviorists50.A. shaped B. prioritized C. oppressed D. restricted51.A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52.A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53.A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54.A . habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55.A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection BDirections ： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.〔 A〕I ’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University inAberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shiftsa week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over￡100 a night, and then I have to be at my firstlecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’ m exhausted, but I know I haveto be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet ofSkittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury ’ s is very physical like stacking shelves.I ’ m lucky because I ’ m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’ m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London.Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries.I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level gradesin my class.Unfortunately,though I had applied for“settled〞 British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’ t eligible fora student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would payfor all my living costs and my parents,who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’ s about￡ 7,000 a year.I don’ t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have moretime to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’ t new to me. Growing up,my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right合用标准文档this is about my future. I don’ t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have morefree time. That is what I look forward to the most.56.Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57.The underlined word“eligible〞 in the passage can be replaced by ________.A.responsibleB.qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58.According to the passage, which of the following words can NOTbe used to describe the author?A.Sociable.B.Diligent.C.Ambitious.D. Persistent.59.Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.（B〕Should you become a full stack web developer?What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well versed in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage,and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers isthat front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website,while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg upwhen applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewercandidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook forweb developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for alloccupations. With a versatile and robust CV, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.Get Started TodayWith our guide, you will learn everything you need to know in order to succeed as a full stackweb developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and trackyour progress as you go.Here’ s what you’ll learn:Build web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?合用标准文档61.Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?A.Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.B.Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.C. The job prospect for web developer isn’ t promising in the long run.D.You can ’ t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you havesome experience beforehand.62.What is the main purposes of this passage?A.To advertise for full stack web developersB.To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C.To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D.To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.〔 C〕The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surpriseto many. Few outside the Nordic world would recognise the work of this Finnish artist who died in1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number shepainted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. Thelast is a sighting of the artist’ s ghost-to-be.Precociously gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society’ s drawing school. "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow", a history painting, was bought by a private collectorand won her a state travel grant when she was 17.Schjerfbeck studied in Paris,went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany,where she painted for a year,then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg.During her1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent". A child wrapped in a blanketsits propped up in a large wicker(柳条编制的 ) chair, toying with a sprig〔小纸条〕 . The picture wona bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a moderneye it seems almost sentimental〔感触〕 and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholyexpression on the child’ s face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck’ s early experiences.At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the work of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother (wholived until 1923). "If I allow myself the freedom to live a secluded life", she wrote, "then it isbecause it has to be that way."In 1902,Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small,industrial town of Hyvinkaa,50 kilometres north of Helsinki.Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter.She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet incisive portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town。

2018学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷考生注意：1.考试;时间1翔分钟，试卷满分1」。

分.3.本考试设试赛和答题纸两部分.所有答鹿必须涂C选择题）或写C非选择题）在答题断上，做在试.卷上一律不得分.3.答题的,，务必在答熊然上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码骷在指定位置上，在答题概反面清整地填写姓名.L Listening ( otnprehcrkMonSection ADirvcHons: In Section A L x on u i9l henr len short con versa Li on 5 bch\ccn (MO speakers A( the end of each <on\crgauon. EI ([Uesliun will be ssked H I KUH hai 5抽E^I J Tin?小口1曰卬出，幅印出[屁quwslicing will he spoken OJI I J心口鹏，M辿r you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the Four possible insu ers an }dur paper, arid decide which one is the besl CLiiswer to (lie question have heard.1. A. hi a rcslnumriLC. In a incc ling room.2. A. Boss and clerk,C PuLcemun and dnier.3. A. The demand 0「the job markc t.C Tlie dainayc io die einironniem4. A S5. 13 SIO.5. A. Gitcn. B. Li^hi blue.6. X.He prclcrs L&caLoulC. He doesn 't like Japanese food.7. A Il's heifer than it used to be.C H s better ihEin people siiy.K. A. ConRisod. B. Anno)cd.A. She ivtuft go to 由6 bench if it rainsB. Sh. v^ould like Ilie matt 10 go to the Ixach.C It will cl^or up tcjnionosY,D.【1 wu苫产luring u licn she WELE JL the beach.10. A. Tn in lo m a kc u map.C. Discussing a house pl^iL 8. Pjirili 1 唱the di 亩ngroom.B. At the dicatrc.及Al the ollkc.B, Teacher and sfudent.D. LX OC L DI and Jinrse.B. Tht locatiOB of the hotel.DJ he sohnicin to die issueC,S15 D. (t50. €. Giceu [uul blue. D. Yclloxv.B. He wants to ortfcr Uic food.D, He hopes to pay for the meal fl ]("s nnl HA gocd a* il 11 as.IJ. It'seven worac than people $ay C. Embiigscd. D. Bared.D. CLeaniu^ die kiEcheti.Section BDirections: b Section B. you will hear bvo short passages and one km ger conversation, aid you will be asked questions on c^cli or them, Thepassages and convcrsalion will be read iwicc. but the questions will be spoken onh once. When joii Leaf a que 乳ion. JC ±ad llie loui possibk niisuerson YOHI papei and decide 睇hkh one 科由uld be the best er Q ihe qutRLion \ou Ime heard.Qm'jitinrt% 11 Ihnni^ti 13 Jiru h;INCI I (in the lulkin pH/*》胃0 19. A. Because he looked hke a musician.B. Because he xi as a musician of much influciicc.C. Because lie showed M \ nilcrcsi in HHIKIC .D Beenti we he uas good at playing cornel.12. A, His laic begins in New Orleans.B. lie WEB bom bclbrc inzz invented.C. His musk '^ns popular niih his listeners.口. He banwd popyJfir umsic at a boy \ heme.13. A. The Invention of die Jazz Music.B. The rather of ±e Jazz Music.C. The Making of a Musician.D. Ttie Spread of Popular Musi 匚Questiona 14 tbrnugh 16 air based mi the following p 讯电噌匕14. A, It was expected to be ii disasterB. h turned out to be a dis a 虱erC. h u as spoiled by one giiLD. All the sLudentft enjoy cd il.15. A A tin i Ui nt; c^pki ration in Iht dc^ci'CB. H OTV GPS saved the survnrDis.C. What is GPS and bow il works.D. The danger of space e«p]oraiian.16. A. H was crcaiid mainlx fin (icicnii[ic I'cNGiirch.B. 11 ivorks bc((cr tn J mc wcat h c r com]L !ion N .C. h niusi be locntcd cm three sale Hiles.D. ks service is free of charge.Questions 17 (hruu^h 20 arc based on the %口。