人教版高中英语选修六
知识点梳理
重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习
it的用法（2）
概念引入
上个单元中，我们已经学习it作代词和形式主语、形式宾语的用法，现在将继续学习it引出强调句的用法及一些与it有关的重点句型。
先看这些句子：
1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
2. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurement of the amount
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1956 to 1997.
3. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
4. It was during the 20th century that the temperature of the earth went up about one degree Fahrenheit.
这些句子都是强调句，中的斜体词部分标识出了句中的强调句结构。
用法讲解
it引出的强调句1
【it的用法----强调句】
强调句的结构：
It is / was + 被强调部分（主语，宾语，状语）+ that (who / whom) + 其它部分
在强调句型中：
1. 被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。
2. 引导词一般用that，如果是人的话，强调主语还可以用who，强调宾语用who和whom
皆可。
3. 判断一个句子是否是强调句，我们可以把被强调部分放回到句子中，不需要添加任何成
分时，句子就是强调句。
需要注意的是，在考试中，有的题会迷惑大家，许多题以It is开头，但是It is开头的句子并不全是强调句。那么如何判断呢？看下列例句：
1. It was in 2003 that I graduated from the university. 是在2003年我们从大学毕业的。
此句中有强调句结构“It was... that”，是不是强调句呢？把in 2003放回到原来句子中，即：I graduated from the university in 2003.
此句非常完整，不缺少成分，是强调句。
2. It was not until dark that he realized it was too late to return home.
直到天黑他才意识到太晚了，不能回家了。
把强调句结构“it was... that”去掉，句子变成：
He realized it was too late to return home not until dark.（非正常句子）
这是强调句中一个特殊的用法，它的原句应该是：
He didn’t realize it was too late to return home until dark.
注意：not... until句型中，如果写成强调句的话，要把not和until...部分一起提前。
3. Was it in the village which we used to live in that the accident happened?
是在我们过去住的那个村子发生的事故吗？
此句是疑问句，较复杂的句子如果不好分析时，可以把原来的疑问句改成陈述句，变化得出：
It was in the village which we used to live in that the accident happened.
去掉It was，句子中that前是从句“which we used to live in”修饰village，译成“我们过去住过的村子”，是定语从句，which代替village作live in的宾语。原句应该是：
The accident happened in the village which we used to live in.
考试时经常把此条件句中which和that处变成空白处，看看你是否知道填什么词汇。那么分清何处是定语从句，何处是强调句，就很关键了。
注意：强调句的一般疑问句形式，把it is/was中的is/was提前。
4. Where was it that the road accident happened yesterday? 昨天是在哪儿发生的交通事故？
此句也是疑问句，变成陈述句：
It was where that the road accident happened yesterday. （非正常句子）
这个强调句的被强调部分，是疑问词，原句是：
Where did the road accident happen yesterday?
注意：强调句中如果提问被强调部分，要把疑问词放在句首，后面接一般疑问句语序。
5. It is how you behave in difficulties that shows what you are really like.
是你在困境中的行为表现出你到底是什么人的。
去掉“It is... that”，句子变成：
How you behave in difficulties shows what you are really like.
是强调句，因为句子很完整，强调的是主语从句。■
it引出的强调句2
强调句型的几点注意：
1. 句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。
2. be动词总用单数形式，即is或was。可以用might be/ must have been/ can’t be等形式。It might be tomorrow evening that the news will be broadcast.
这则消息或许是明天晚上播出。
3. 被强调的部分如果是表示“人”的代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。
It is him that (who/ whom) I met in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上遇到的是他。
It is I that/ who didn’t realize all my mistakes until you told me yesterday.
是我直到昨天你告诉我才意识到我的错误。
4. 连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，强调主语也可用who，强调宾语也可用whom或
who。当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。
It was about 30 years ago that we graduated from university and became teachers.
我们是30年前从大学毕业成为老师的。
It was on Oct. 1st, 1949 that People’s Republic of China was founded.
中华人民共和国是1949年10月1日成立的。
It is in the university where he taught that the research is carrying on.
这项研究是在他教过书的大学里进行的。
5. 强调句中的主谓一致问题
若强调部分是句子的主语，则that或who引导的句子中的谓语动词应和强调部分保持人称和数的一致，即：若被强调部分是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；若被强调部分是复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
It is Mary who often helps me with my English. 是玛丽帮我学英语的。
It is the boy students of Class Two who are playing football on the playground.
是二班的学生正在操场上踢足球。
易与强调句混淆的几个句型：
1. It is/has been +时间+since ... 从......以来有......
since引导的从句通常是一般过去时，如果It is改成It was，since从句常用过去完成时。
It is years since I enjoyed such a good dinner. 我多年没有享受过这么好的一顿晚饭了。
It was five years since his father had died. 当时他父亲去世五年了。
2. It is +时间+ when ... 当……的时候，时间是……
when 引导的是时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。
It was 10 o’clock when we got home last night. 我们昨晚到家时十点了。
对比：
It was at ten o’clock that we got home last night．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
此句是强调句，去掉“it was...that”后句子仍然完整合理，注意that不能改成when。而上句不是强调句。
3. It was/ will be ... before ... 过.......就......
It was not/ will not be... before... 不久......就......
主句中的it 指时间，表语多是long, not long , three days , two weeks 等表示“一段时间”的词或短语。
It was three days before he went to Beijing. 三天后他就去了北京。
It will not be long before he finishes his job. 不久他就完成了工作。
对比：
It was three days ago that he went to Beijing. 他是三天前去的北京。
此句是强调句，去掉“it was...that”后句子仍然完整合理。
it的常用句型小结1
1. It is clear (obvious/ true/ possible/ certain…) that …某事是清楚（明显/真的/可能/肯定……）的
It was clear that they had no desire for peace. 很清楚他们没有和平的愿望。
2. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...
与上述句型属同一句型，但由于形容词不同，此句型that 后的从句中多用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省）。
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 他记住这些词很必要。
3. It is said (reported/ learned…) that …据说（据报道/据悉……）
It is believed that proper morning exercises are good for our health.
大家都相信适当的晨练对我们的健康有利。
4. It is suggested (ordered/ required ... ) that ... 据建议(有命令/据要求等)……
与上一句型属同一句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省）。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建议延期会议。
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours. 命令要求我们两个小时后到达。5. It is a pity (a shame ... ) that ...
that 从句多用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省），表示出乎意料，should常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
it的常用句型小结2
6. It happens that... 碰巧……
happen是不及物动词。
It (so) happened that he met his teacher in the street. 他碰巧在街上遇到了他的老师。
7. It seems/appears that 看来……
It seems/appears that he will be back in a few days. 看来他几天后会回来。
8. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 看起来好象……
as if从句如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，用would/should+动词原形。
It looks as if he is ill. 看起来他病了。（符合事实，不用虚拟语气）
It seemed as if he were dying. 似乎他垂危了。(不符合事实，用虚拟语气)
9. It takes sb. +时间段+ to do sth. 做……要花费某人……
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
几千人花了许多年建造了长城。
10. It is no good /use doing sth.
It is no good learning English without speaking English. 学英语却不说英语没有好处。11. It doesn’t matter whether/ if... 不论（是否）……没关系……。
It doesn’t matter whether they are old (or not). 他们年龄大不大没有关系。
12. It is time (about/ high) time that ... 是（正是）……的时侯……”。
that从句用虚拟语气(过去时或should + 动词原形，should 不能省)。
It is time that children went/ should go to bed.
13. It is the first ( second … ) time that …是第一（二……）次……
that 从句不用虚拟语气，而多用完成时。that 可以省去；it 有时用this 替换。
It /This is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次去那里。
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
人教版高中英语选修6 重点词汇、短语、句型、语法大全 Unit1 Art 【重点词汇、短语】 aim n. 目标；目的 vi. & vt. 瞄准；(向某方向)努力 typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的 adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养 possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 a great deal 大量 attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt. 尝试；企图 on the other hand (可是)另一方面 predict vt.预言；预告；预测 specific adj.确切的；特定的 appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 将……上诉 n. 呼吁；恳求 appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣 【重点句型】 1. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
2.序数词the first/the second/the last(＋sb.) ＋to do是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构to be done。例如： My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave. 我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。 To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager. 说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。 3.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that...是一种常见句型，表示“……令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用to one's amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这些短语作状语来改写。 It is surprising that children who are seven years old don't know how to brush one's teeth. 令人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙。 To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths. 令我们震惊的是，这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。 【语法总结】虚拟语气（点击“虚拟语气”即可查看全部内容） Unit2 Poems 【重点词汇、短语】 concrete adj. 具体的 flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的 take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
西方绘画艺术简史 艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？
高中英语选修6语法填空 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. _______(consequence), this text will describe only the most important _____,starting from the sixth century AD. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced _____held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a______(human) attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to_____(class) Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature____they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of_____(they), their houses and_____ (possess) as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important______(discover) during this period was_____to draw things_____perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they _______(convince) that they were looking____a hole___a wall ___ a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not_______(discovere), no one would _____(be)able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints_______(develop) at this time too, which made the colours used in paintings look____(rich) and deeper. ______the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces____which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal._____the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the________(Impress), who lived and worked in Paris. They were the first painters______(work) outdoors. They were eager to show_____light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. At first, many people_____(like) this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were ______(careful) and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were _______(controversy), but today they____(accept) as the beginning of______we call “modern art”. This is________the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. These styles are so different. Who can predict_____painting styles there will be in the future? Unit 3 By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways. First, you can become___(physics) addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of_____ (chemistry) in cigarettes. This means that after a while your
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the
选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成
选修6 Unit 1 Art 核心单词 1. faith n. 信任；信念；信心 常用结构： break one’s faith with sb. 对某人不守信用 keep faith with sb. 守信于某人 lose faith in 不再信任 have faith in 相信; 信任 in good/bad faith 真心诚意/虚情假意 After repeated failure, he lost faith in himself.不断的失败之后，他对自己失去了信心。 Faith can remove mountains. 信仰能移山。 Never break faith, or you will lose all your friends. 不要背信弃义，否则你将失去所有的朋友。 2. aim n. 目标；目的 vi.&vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 What is your aim in life?你生活的目标是什么? 常用结构： take aim (at) 瞄准…… aim at 向……瞄准；旨在，针对 aim high 胸怀大志;心气很高 He aimed the gun at the enemy officer.他用枪瞄准了敌人的军官。 Our factory must aim at developing new models of machines.我们的工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。 3. consequently adv.&conj. 所以，因而(=therefore) Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国，所以对中国了解得很少。 联想拓展 be consequent on/upon 因……引起的； consequence n. 后果；结果；重要性 be of consequence 重要的 as a consequence=as a result 结果 in consequence 由于 as a consequence of=as a result of作为……的结果 in consequence of 由于；作为……的结果 He is a man of great consequence. 他是一个重要的人物。 4. possession n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 常用结构： in possession of sth.拥有/占有某物 in the possession of/in one’s possession 被……拥有 take/gain/get/have possession of sth.拥有某物 When his father died, he came into possession of a large fortune. 父亲死后，他拥有了一大笔遗产。 The people had to gather up their few possessions and escape from the hills. 人们不得不收拾仅有的财产，逃下山去。联想拓展 possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 5. concentrate
艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？