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全国大学生英语竞赛B类英语专业真题详解视频网课

全国大学生英语竞赛B类英语专业真题详解视频网课
全国大学生英语竞赛B类英语专业真题详解视频网课

全国大学生英语竞赛B类英语专业真题详解视频网课

全国大学生英语竞赛B类(英语专业)真题解析班(网授)目录

全国大学生英语竞赛B类(英语专业)真题解析班【共56课时】

电子书(题库)

?全国大学生英语竞赛B类(英语专业)历年真题及模拟试题详解(2015~2019)

?全国大学生英语竞赛B类(英语专业)历年真题及详解(2007~2014)【部分视频讲解】

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试看部分内容

第一部分考研真题精选

一、名词解释

1彩陶[厦门大学2011年研;清华大学2006年研]

答:彩陶是指在打磨光滑的橙红色陶坯上,以天然的矿物质颜料进行描绘,用赭石和氧化锰作呈色元素,然后入窖烧制,在橙红色的陶胚上呈现出用赭红、黑、白诸种颜色绘制的几何图形、花卉、动物纹样等美丽图案,形成的纹样与器物造型高度统一,达到装饰美化效果的陶器,它是新石器时代最重要的艺术形式。以仰韶文化(例“人面鱼纹彩陶盆”)与马家窑文化(例“舞蹈纹彩陶盆”)的彩陶艺术最为杰出。

2舞蹈彩陶盆[厦门大学2005年研]

相关试题:舞蹈纹彩陶盆[中央美院2017年研]

答:舞蹈彩陶盆是指1973年青海省文物考古工作者在大通县上孙家寨遗址甲区发掘第20号汉墓时发现的陶器。舞蹈画面简洁,线条明快,笔法酣畅。透过静止的画面,仍能让今人感受到远古的舞蹈艺术家击节踏歌、肢体扭动时强烈的节奏感的特点。彩陶盆的外壁用三道线装饰,它模拟着三道绳圈将陶盆紧紧地捆扎着。这是一件杰出的优秀彩陶工艺品,表达了欢乐的主题,集中反映了五六千年前人们的智慧和生活情趣。彩陶盆的设计制作,体现

了当时制陶工艺的熟练和审美思想的进步。彩陶工艺家表现的意境,富有诗情画意。

3鼎[厦门大学2004年研]

答:鼎是指用以烹煮肉和盛贮肉类的器具,是青铜器的最重要青铜器物种之一。鼎被视为传国重器、国家和权力的象征,三代及秦汉延续两千多年一直是最常见和最神秘的礼器。它是我国青铜文化的代表,是文明的见证,也是文化的载体。更具禹铸九鼎的传说,我国远在4000多年前就有了青铜的冶炼和铸造技术;中国历史博物馆收藏的司母戊鼎就是商代晚期时青铜鼎,是现存最大的商代青铜器。鼎腹内有“司母戊”三字,是商王为祭祀他的母亲戊而铸造的。

4马家窑文化[厦门大学2003年研]

答:马家窑文化是指仰韶文化晚期在甘肃、青海地区的一个分支,它上承仰韶文化庙底沟类型,下接齐家文化,按时间先后,分成石岭下、马家窑、半山、马厂等四个类型。考古认为人口压力、农业经济与狩猎、采集经济的结合是马家窑文化从仰韶文化中分化出去的主要原因。

5原始瓷器[华南师大2004年研]

答:原始瓷器是指“商周时期所出现的,以瓷石为制胎原料所制作的具有较低吸水性的带釉陶瓷产品”。它是相对于成熟期瓷器而言的。原始瓷器和白陶器与印纹硬陶器相比,有坚硬耐用,器表有釉不易污染及美观等优点。原始瓷器是商周时期所出现的,

已具备了瓷器的基本条件,但与后来的瓷器相比,质量较差,还处于原始阶段的瓷器。其器形有尊、豆、罐、瓮、钵等。

6“六齐”[华南师大2004年研]

答:“六齐”是指中国古代冶炼青铜的六种不同性能的铜锡配制比例。青铜是红铜加锡的合金,青铜器的合金成分,视用途与器类之不同而有不同的铜锡比例。“六齐”的出现表明在战国时期人们对合金成分、性能和用途之间的关系已经有所认识。

7比德说[湖北美术学院2006年研]

答:比德说是指春秋战国时期出现的关于自然美的美学理论观点,是儒家将自然物的属性特征与人的道德精神品质做形象比拟的学说,含有重要的美学意义。其基本涵义是:自然美之所以为美,在于作为审美客体的自然物象,可以与人“比德”,即从其中可以意会到审美主体的某些品德美。

8毛公鼎[湖北美术学院2006年研]

答:毛公鼎是指西周晚期著名青铜器。整个器身形成优美、流畅而又富于变化的轮廓曲线。纹饰极其简洁,仅于口沿下饰两道弦纹,中填以重环纹,充分体现出西周艺术的时代特色。铭文497字,记述周宣王诰诫和褒赏其臣下毛公厝事。为现存铭文最长的青铜器,有重要的史料价值。

9马家窑文化彩陶[华南师大2004年研]

答:马家窑文化彩陶是指仰韶文化庙底沟类型向西发展的一种类型,主要分布于甘肃和青海的部分地区,晚于半坡类型。装饰花

纹以点和螺旋形花纹最为出色,点之外,围有螺旋纹,具有强烈的动感,内彩特别发达,从器口到器足,布满全体,有丰满繁缛之感。归纳起来,就是这样三个特点:①满,纹样满饰;②内彩;

③点和螺旋纹。因此马家窑文化彩陶具有旋动、流畅的美感。

10原始瓷器[华南师大2004年研]

答:原始瓷器是指相对于成熟期瓷器而言的原始青瓷,它是瓷器的萌芽,在许多商代文化遗址出土了原始青瓷器物和残片。这些器物都是以高岭土或瓷土为原料,烧成温度一般达到摄氏1100℃以上,器表施有薄釉,釉色青绿带褐黄,吸水率比陶器低,胎质比陶器更坚固。原始瓷器是商周制陶工艺的一大发明,也是中国制陶业的转折点,在中国陶瓷工艺史上占有重要地位。

11《马踏匈奴》[厦门大学2010年研]

相关试题:

(1)分析“马踏匈奴”石刻的艺术特色。[论述题,山东大学20 12年研]

(2)简述马踏匈奴的艺术特色。[简答题,云南师大2016年研]答:马踏匈奴石刻是指霍去病墓石刻纪念碑群雕的主体,是留存至今的一组非常具有代表性的大型石雕作品,是思想性与艺术性完美统一的典范,是西汉纪念碑雄刻取得划时代成就的标志。作品的外轮廓雕刻得极其准确有力,马头到马背部分,作了大起大荡的处理。马腹下不作凿空处理,虽是技术的局限,但加强了作品的整体感和厚重感。整个作品风格庄重雄劲,深沉浑厚,寓意

深刻,耐人寻味,既是古代战场的缩影,也是霍去病赫赫战功的象征。

12画像石[厦门大学2006年研;湖北美术学院2005年研]

答:画像石是指汉代地下墓室、墓地祠堂、墓阙和庙阙等建筑上雕刻画像的建筑构石。所属建筑,绝大多数为丧葬礼制性建筑,因此,本质上汉画像石是一种祭祀性丧葬艺术。汉画像石在内容上包括神话传说、典章制度、风土人情等各个方面;在艺术形式上,上承战国绘画古朴之风,下开魏晋风度艺术之先河,奠定了中国画的基本法规和规范,成为我国文化艺术中的杰出代表和文化艺术瑰宝。画像石不仅是汉代以前中国古典美术艺术发展的巅峰,而且对汉代以后美术艺术也产生了深远的影响,在中国美术史上占有承前启后的重要地位。

13长信宫灯[首都师大2017年研]

答:长信宫灯一般是指西汉长信宫灯,是中国汉代青铜器。长信宫灯以汉代宫女形象为基本造型,灯身通体鎏金,有铭文“长信”二字。宫女作跪坐状,以左手持握灯座底部的座柄,右臂高举,袖口向下宽展如同倒置的喇叭,与体腔为空心相连,燃灯时起到烟道和消烟的功能。灯盘呈“豆”形,可以调节照度和照射方向。长信宫灯的设计,将功能性、科学性与灯的造型设计完美地统一起来。

14传神论[厦门大学2005年研]

答:“传神论”是指顾恺之的绘画思想的核心,是中国古代美术史中有关美学的一个命题,东晋画家顾恺之是已知画史上最早用“传神”评价美术现象的。历来传神论者,大体有两种意见:一类贵神贱形;另一类形神兼得,由形似求神似。一般文人写意画家为前者,宫廷、肖像画家为后者,从理论意义上看,彼此是相互补充的。前者并非完全否定形似,要求的不过是约形;后者也并非外形的酷似,而是要求更严。为达到传神的目的,对观察与描绘方法古代画家主张整体、运动地观察对象,反对孤立、静止的表现方法,这一原则在元代以后传神论述中取得一致认同。15颜真卿[厦门大学2012年研]

答:颜真卿是唐代中期杰出书法家。他创立了“颜体”楷书,与赵孟頫、柳公权、欧阳询并称“楷书四大家”。他的行书遒劲郁勃体现了大唐帝国繁盛的风度,并与他高尚的人格契合,是书法美与人格美完美结合的典例,被后世誉为“天下第二行书”。颜真卿用笔匀而藏锋,内刚劲而外温润,字的曲折出圆而有力。楷书代表作品有《东方画赞碑》《中兴颂》和《颜家庙碑》等。真书墨迹有《自书告身》,其行草书《祭侄文稿》《争座位帖》抑扬顿挫,上下气脉连属,信笔书来。通篇气势完足,皆无妩媚之态。

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