济南大学自动化专业英语期末复习1汉译英

一、汉译英原文:The recent developmentof various methods of modulation such as PCM and PPM which exchange bandwidth for signal-to-noise ratio has intensified the interest in a general theory of communication.译文:各种调制方法，如PCM和PPM，能够完成带宽与信噪比的交换，它们的发展增强了通信理论的重要性。

原文:A basis for such a theory is contained in the important papers of Nyquist and Hartley on the subject.译文:在本学科，Nyquist和Hartley的重要论文中包含了这种理论的基础。

原文:In this paper we will extend the theory to include a number of new factor, in particular the effect of noise in the channel, and the savings possible due to the statistical structure of the original message and due to the nature of the final destination of information.译文:在本文中，我们将这些理论进行扩展，包括许多新的因素，尤其是信道中噪声的影响，以及可能由于原始信息的统计结构和信宿的特性所导致的信息存储。

原文:The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point.译文:通信的基本问题是如何在一点精确或近似的再生来自另一点的消息。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation has become an integral part of various industries, including engineering. In this document, we will discuss the importance of automation in the field of engineering and its impact on productivity, efficiency, and safety. We will also provide a brief overview of the key terms and concepts related to automation in English, followed by their translations in Chinese.1. Importance of Automation in Engineering:Automation plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity and efficiency in the field of engineering. It involves the use of advanced technologies and systems to control and monitor various processes, reducing human intervention and minimizing errors. By automating repetitive tasks, engineers can focus on more complex and critical aspects of their work, resulting in improved overall performance.2. Key Terms and Concepts:2.1 Robotics:Robotics refers to the design, development, and application of robots in various industries. Robots are programmable machines that can perform tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention. They are widely used in manufacturing, assembly lines, and hazardous environments.2.2 Control Systems:Control systems are a set of devices or software that manage and regulate the behavior of other devices or systems. They ensure that processes operate within desired parameters by monitoring and adjusting variables such as temperature, pressure, andspeed. Control systems are essential for maintaining stability and optimizing performance in engineering applications.2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs):PLCs are specialized computers used to control and automate industrial processes. They receive input signals from sensors, process the data, and generate output signals to control actuators. PLCs are widely used in manufacturing, power plants, and transportation systems.2.4 Human-Machine Interface (HMI):HMI refers to the interface between humans and machines, allowing users to interact with automation systems. It includes displays, touchscreens, and control panels that provide real-time information and enable operators to monitor and control processes effectively.3. Benefits of Automation in Engineering:3.1 Increased Productivity:Automation reduces manual labor and speeds up processes, leading to increased productivity. With the help of robots and automated systems, tasks can be completed faster and more accurately, resulting in higher output and reduced production time.3.2 Improved Efficiency:Automation eliminates human errors and inconsistencies, ensuring consistent and precise results. It also optimizes resource utilization and reduces waste, leading to improved efficiency in engineering processes.3.3 Enhanced Safety:By automating hazardous or physically demanding tasks, automation improves safety in engineering environments. Robots and automated systems can handle dangerous materials or operate in extreme conditions, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries to human workers.3.4 Cost Savings:Although the initial investment in automation may be significant, it often leads to long-term cost savings. Automation reduces labor costs, minimizes material waste, and improves energy efficiency, resulting in overall cost reduction for engineering projects.4. Conclusion:Automation has revolutionized the field of engineering, providing numerous benefits such as increased productivity, improved efficiency, enhanced safety, and cost savings. Understanding the key terms and concepts related to automation is essential for professionals in the field. By embracing automation, engineers can unlock their full potential and drive innovation in various industries.自动化在工程领域的重要性介绍：自动化已成为包括工程在内的各个行业中不可或缺的一部分。

自动化专业英语常用词汇及短语一、自动化专业词汇英汉对照abscissa axis 横坐标ac motor 交流环电动机active (passive) circuit elements 有（无）源电路元件active component 有功分量active in respect to 相对….呈阻性admittance 导纳air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布air-gap flux 气隙磁通air-gap line 气隙磁化线algebraic 代数的algorithmic 算法的alloy 合金ampere-turns 安匝(数)amplidyne 微场扩流发电机Amplitude Modulation(AM)调幅armature circuit 电枢电路armature coil 电枢线圈armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波attenuate 衰减automatic station 无人值守电站automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器auxiliary motor 辅助电动机bandwidth 带宽base 基极bipolar junction transistor (BJT)双极性晶体管block diagram 方框图boost 增压boost-buck 升压去磁breakaway force 起步阻力breakdown torque 极限转矩bronze 青铜buck 补偿capacitance effect 电容效应carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡carrier 载波Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子chopper circuit 斩波电路circuit branch 支路circuit components 电路元件circuit diagram 电路图circuit parameters 电路参数coaxial 共轴的,同轴的coil winding 线圈绕组coincide in phase with 与….同相collector 集电极commutation condition 换向状况commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线complex impedance 复数阻抗complex number 复数compound generator 复励发电机compounded 复励conductance 电导conductor 导体coupling capacitor 结合电容cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机dc generator 直流发电机dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机demodulator 解调器differentiation 微分direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数direct axis 直轴direct-current 直流displacement current 位移电流dynamic response 动态响应dynamic-state operation 动态运行e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势eddy current 涡流effective values 有效值effects of saturation 饱和效应electric energy 电能electrical device 电气设备electrode 电极电焊条electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩emitter 发射管放射器发射极end ring 端环energy converter 电能转换器epoch angle 初相角equivalent T –circuit T型等值电路error detector 误差检测器error signal 误差信号excitation system 励磁系统excited by 励磁exciting voltage 励磁电压external armature circuit 电枢外电路external characteristic 外特性feedback component 反馈元件feedback loop 反馈回路feedback signal 反馈信号feedback system 反馈系统fidelity 保真度field coils 励磁线圈field current 励磁电流field effect transistor (FET)场效应管field winding 磁场绕组励磁绕组flux linkage 磁链form-wound 模绕forward transfer function 正向传递函数Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控frequency 频率full load 满载full-load torque 满载转矩gain 增益gain 增益generating 发电generator voltage 发电机电压Geometrical position 几何位置heating appliance 电热器high-gain 高增益high-performance 高性能的horsepower 马力horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁hydropower station 水电站ideal source 理想电源imaginary part 虚部impedance 阻抗incident 入射的induced current 感生电流induction generator 感应发电机induction machine 感应电机induction machine 感应式电机induction motor 感应电动机inductive component 感性（无功）分量infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益inrush current 涌流instantaneous electric power 瞬时电功率instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率insulation 绝缘integration 积分下限internal resistance 内阻interoffice 局间的inverse 倒数iron-loss 铁损isolation 隔离分离绝缘隔振laminated core 叠片铁芯lamination 叠片leakage current 漏电流leakage flux 漏磁通leakage reactance 漏磁电抗left-hand rule 左手定则light emitting diode 发光二极管limiter 限幅器line trap 限波器linear zone 线性区line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的load characteristic 负载特性load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线locked-rotor torque锁定转子转矩locked-rotor 锁定转子magnetic amplifier 磁放大器magnetic circuit 磁路magnetic field 磁场magnetic torque 电磁转矩magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗manual control 手动控制mature 成熟的mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器mid-frequency band 中频带mismatch 失配modulator 调制器modulus 模motoring 电动机驱动mutual flux 交互(主)磁通mutual-inductor 互感no-load 空载number of poles 极数operating condition运行状态operational calculus 算符演算optical fiber 光纤Oscillation 振荡overhauling 检修P.D. = potential drop 电压降per unit value 标么值percentage 百分数performance characteristic 工作特性per-unit value 标么值phase displacement 相位差phase reversal 反相plugging 反向制动polarity 极性pole 极点polyphase rectifier 多相整流器polyphase rectifier 多相整流器Polyphase 多相(的) potential distribution 电位分布potential transformer 电压互感器power amplifier 功率放大器power frequency 工频primary cell 原生电池prime motor 原动机prime mover 原动机process of self –excitation 自励过程propagate 传导传播r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值random-wound 散绕reactive component无功分量reactive in respect to 相对….性reactive power 无功功率real part 实部reference Voltage 基准电压regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大regulator 调节器reluctance 磁阻retarding torque 制动转矩revolutions per minute 转/分revolutions per second 转/秒rheostat 变阻器right-hand rule 右手定则rotating commutator 旋转（整流子）换向器rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场rotor (stator) winding 转子（定子绕组）rotor core 转子铁芯rotor resistance 转子电阻rotor 转子salient poles 凸极saturation curve 饱和曲线saturation effect 饱和效应self –excitation process 自励过程self excited 自励self-bias resistor 自偏置电阻self-exciting 自励的self-inductor 自感separately excited 他励separately excited 他励的series excited 串励series 串励short-circuiting ring 短路环shunt excited 并励shunt field 并励磁场shunt 并励shunt 分路器signal amplifier 小信号放大器silica 硅石二氧化硅Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带sinusoidal –density wave 正弦磁密度sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数slip 转差率solid state 固体solt 槽spatial waveform 空间波形speed regulation 速度调节speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线squirrel cage 鼠笼stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器staor winding 定子绕组stator 定子steady –state condition 瞬态暂态steady direct current 恒稳直流电storage battery 蓄电池summing circuit 总和线路反馈系统中的比较环节synchronous condenser 同步进相（调相）机synchronous generator 同步发电机synchronous reactance 同步电抗synchronous speed 同步转速technical specifications 技术条件terminal voltage 端电压the dielectric 电介质time constant 时间常数time delay 延时time invariant 时不变的time-phase 时间相位transformer 变压器transient response 瞬态响应transistor 晶体管triangular symbol 三角符号trigonometric transformations 瞬时值tuner 调谐器turns ratio 变比匝比two-way configuration 二线制unidirectional current 单方向性电流vector equation 向(相)量方程voltage across the terminals 端电压voltage control system 电压控制系统volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性waveguide 波导波导管wind-driven generator 风动发电机winding loss 绕组（铜）损耗winding 绕组二、自动化专业短语1--master element主要元件，是指控制开关等元件。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in various industries, including engineering. It involves the use of technology and machines to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. In this article, we will explore the concept of automation in the field of engineering and discuss its significance. Additionally, we will provide an English original text and its translation related to automation in the engineering domain.1. Importance of Automation in Engineering:Automation has revolutionized the engineering sector by enhancing productivity, efficiency, and safety. It eliminates repetitive and mundane tasks, allowing engineers to focus on more complex and critical activities. Automation technology, such as robotics and computer numerical control (CNC) systems, has significantly improved precision and accuracy in manufacturing processes. It also reduces the risk of human errors and enhances overall product quality.2. Applications of Automation in Engineering:Automation finds applications in various engineering disciplines. Some notable examples include:2.1 Industrial Automation:In the manufacturing industry, automation is extensively used to streamline production processes. Automated assembly lines and robotic systems enable faster and more efficient manufacturing. These systems can perform tasks such as material handling, welding, painting, and quality control with high precision and consistency.2.2 Control Systems:Automation is essential in control systems, allowing for the efficient regulation and control of various engineering processes. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are commonly used to automate industrial processes, ensuring optimal performance and safety. These systems monitor and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and level, thereby maintaining process stability.2.3 Building Automation:In the field of civil engineering, building automation systems are employed to manage and control various building functions. These systems integrate lighting, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning), security, and energy management. By automating these functions, buildings can achieve energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and improved security.2.4 Transportation Automation:Automation has also made significant advancements in the transportation sector. Automated systems, such as traffic control systems and intelligent transportation systems, optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance safety. Additionally, automation in vehicles, such as self-driving cars and autonomous drones, holds the potential to revolutionize transportation in the future.3. Challenges and Considerations in Automation:While automation offers numerous benefits, there are challenges that need to be addressed:3.1 Workforce Adaptation:With the increasing adoption of automation, there is a need for the workforce to adapt to new roles and acquire new skills. As certain tasks become automated, engineers must focus on managing and maintaining automated systems, as well as developing new technologies.3.2 Safety and Security:Automation systems must adhere to strict safety standards to prevent accidents and ensure the well-being of workers. Additionally, cybersecurity measures should be implemented to protect automated systems from potential threats and unauthorized access.3.3 Cost and Implementation:The initial cost of implementing automation systems can be significant. However, the long-term benefits, such as increased productivity and reduced operational costs, often outweigh the initial investment. Careful planning and analysis are necessary to ensure a successful and cost-effective implementation.4. English Original Text and Translation:English Original Text:"Automation has revolutionized the engineering industry, enabling faster and more efficient processes. By utilizing advanced technologies and machines, engineers can now focus on complex tasks that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Automation not only improves productivity but also enhances product quality and reduces human errors. With the continuous advancements in automation, the engineering field is poised for further growth and innovation."Translation (Chinese):“自动化已经彻底改变了工程行业，实现了更快速、更高效的工艺流程。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation has become an integral part of various industries, including the field of engineering. It involves the use of technology and machines to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. This text aims to provide a comprehensive overview of automation in the engineering field, covering its importance, applications, and future prospects. Additionally, an English translation of the original text will be provided.Importance of Automation in Engineering:Automation plays a crucial role in improving efficiency, accuracy, and productivity in engineering processes. By automating repetitive and time-consuming tasks, engineers can focus on more complex and critical aspects of their work. It also reduces the risk of human errors, leading to higher quality output. Moreover, automation enables engineers to monitor and control systems remotely, enhancing safety and minimizing operational risks.Applications of Automation in Engineering:1. Manufacturing and Assembly: Automation is extensively used in manufacturing industries to streamline production processes. Automated systems can perform tasks such as assembly, welding, and material handling with precision and speed. This leads to increased production rates, reduced costs, and improved product quality.2. Robotics: Robotics is a significant application of automation in engineering. Robots are used in various sectors, including automotive, healthcare, and aerospace industries. They can perform complex tasks with high accuracy, consistency, and repeatability. Examples include robotic arms used in assembly lines and surgical robots in medical procedures.3. Control Systems: Automation is vital in control systems, which regulate and optimize various engineering processes. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are commonly used to automate tasks such as temperature control, pressure regulation, and flow management. This ensures efficient operation and minimizes manual intervention.4. Energy Management: Automation plays a crucial role in energy management systems, optimizing energy consumption and reducing waste. Automated systems can monitor and control energy usage in buildings, factories, and power plants. This leads to energy savings, cost reduction, and environmental sustainability.Future Prospects of Automation in Engineering:The future of automation in engineering looks promising, with several emerging trends and technologies. Some of these include:1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI is revolutionizing automation by enabling machines to learn, adapt, and make decisions. Machine Learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data to optimize processes and predict failures. AI-powered systems can also perform complex tasks that were previously only possible for humans.2. Internet of Things (IoT): IoT connects various devices and systems, allowing them to communicate and share data. In engineering, IoT enables remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and real-time data analysis. This leads to improved efficiency, reduced downtime, and enhanced decision-making.3. Digital Twin: A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical system or process. It allows engineers to simulate and optimize operations, predict performance, and identify potential issues. Digital twins enable engineers to make informed decisions and improve system performance.4. Cybersecurity: As automation becomes more prevalent, ensuring the security of automated systems is crucial. Cybersecurity measures are essential to protect against potential threats and vulnerabilities. This includes implementing secure communication protocols, encryption techniques, and access control mechanisms.Translation:自动化在工程领域的应用介绍：自动化已成为包括工程领域在内的各个行业的重要组成部分。

（一）单词英译汉circuit components 电路元件root mean square values 均方根值Conductor导体effective value 有效值Wire 导线sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数Circuit diagram 电路图circuit parameters：电路参数Voltage drop电压降Time-invariant：时不变的Non-linear characteristic 非线性特性Storage battery：蓄电池ideal source 理想电源Load characteristic：负载特性ideal voltage source理想电压源Terminal voltage：端电压ideal current source理想电流源Active circuit elements 有源电路元件potential电位series and parallel equivalent circuit 串并联等值电路internal resistance 内阻complex number 复数vector 向量absolute value 绝对值complex peak value 复数幅值rotating vector 旋转变量logic circuit 逻辑电路digital circuit 数字电路chance variable 随机变量decimal number 十进制数logic condition 逻辑状态output lead 输出端logic OR function 逻辑或函数logic AND function 逻辑与电路logic NOT function 逻辑非电路logic NOR function 逻辑或非电路an assembled circuit 集成电路the processing, the storage and the transmission of information信息处理、存储和传送assembly cost 装配成本single chip microcomputer 单片机process control 过程控制Microprocessor 微处理器modular design 模块化设计interface 接口manual supervision 手动操作general-purpose elements 通用元件the large scale integrated circuit —the silicon chip大规模集成电路-硅片software engineering 软件工程civilian use 民用biometric security 生物识别安全系统security alarm system 防盗报警系统structured cabling 结构化布线router 路由器gateway 网关ventilation 通风air conditioning units 空调设备illumination 照明electron 电子heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration HVAC&R 暖通空调制冷protocol（数据传递的）协议performance map 性能图compressor 压缩机Micro-electromechanical Systems 微型机电系统automated diagnostics 自动诊断Intelligent Building 智能建筑smart home 智能家居Centralized management, decentralized control集中管理、分散控制registers 寄存器analog circuit 模拟电路feedback 反馈amplifier 放大器actuator执行机构regulate调节Artificial intelligence人工智能word recognition 文字识别Adaptive Control自适应控制telecommunication 电信terminal 终端water supply and discharge 给排水weak electricity 弱电architecture建筑学manipulate 操作office automation 办公自动化运算放大器operational amplifieraddition 加subtraction 减multiplication 乘integration 积分single phase circuit 单相电路transducer 传感器。

1、In recent years the performance requirements for process plant have become increasingly difficult to satisfy.(近年来，对过程系统的性能改善需求变得越来越困难.)2、In fact, without process control it would not be possible to operate most modern processes safely and profitably (有利的), while satisfying plant quality standards.(实际上，对于大多数现代工业，要满足安全、高效，产品质量的要求，没有控制系统是不可能的)3、It is assumed that the inlet and outlet flow rates are identical (相同的) and that the liquid density ρ(rho) remains consant,that is, the temperature variations are small enough that the temperature dependence of ρcan be neglected.(假设输入和输出流量率是相等的，并且液体密度保持恒定,也就是说温度变化足够小，密度对温度的影响可以忽略不计)4、However, increased volume of tankage would be an expensive solution for an industrial plant due to the increased capital costs of the larger tank.(然而，体积增加使得开支增加，会使工厂系统的解决方案变得更加昂贵. )5、Note that in feedforward control, the controlled variable T is not measured.(注意的是，在前馈控制中，被控变量T是没有被测量的.)6、The reduction of system error is merely (仅仅) one of the many important effects that feedback may have upon a system.(减少系统误差只是反馈对系统产生的重要作用之一)7、In a practical control system, G and H are functions of frequency, so the magnitude of 1+GH may be greater than 1 in one frequency range but less than 1 in another.(在实际的控制系统中，G和H都是频率的函数，因此1+GH的幅值在一种频段下可能减小系统的增益，而在另一频段下又可能增大系统的增益)8、It can be demonstrated that one of the advantages of incorporating (包含) feedback is that it can stabilize an unstable system. (可以证明，加入反馈的好处之一是能够使不稳定的系统稳定。

Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(40分)1. Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations．(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。

每题1分，共10分)2. Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese．(写出下列词组的汉语。

每题1分，共10分，)3. Translate the following words and expressions into English．(写出下列词组的英语。

每题2分，共20分)Ⅱ．Comprehension(阅读理解)(10分)4. Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误。

10分)Ⅲ. Translation．翻译(50分)5. Translate the following sentences into Chinese．(将下列句子翻译成汉语。

共15分)6. Translate the following sentences into English．(将下列句子翻译成英语。

共15分)7. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(将下段文章翻译成汉/英语.共10/20分) abbreviation1. 半导体可控整流器，可控硅semiconductor controlled rectifier(SCR)2. 比例积分微分控制器，PID 控制器proportional plus integral plus derivative controller3. 不间断电源uninterruptible power supply(UPS)4. 场效应晶体管field effect transistor(FET)5. 多输入多输出控制系统multiple input multiple output control system(MIMO)6. 单输入单输出控制系统single input single output control system(SISO)7. 电流源逆变器current-source inverters(CSI)8. 电压源逆变器voltage-source inverters(VSI)9. 短期记忆short term memory(SIM)10. 方法库way base(WB)11. 方法库管理系统way base management system (WBMS)12. 光符阅读机（OCR）optical character reader13. 集成电路芯片IC(integrated circuit) chip14. 交流电alternating current(AC)15. 可编程控制PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)16. 脉宽调制pluse-width modulation (PWM)17. 气关式air-to-close（AC）18. 气开式air-to-open（AO）19. 人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)20. 直接数字控制，direct digital control (DDC)21. 运算放大器operational Amplifier (OA)Vocabulary-11. Automatic control 自动控制2. Dynamic system 动态系统3. Differential equation 微分方程4. Frequency response methods 频率响应方法5. Root-locus methods 根轨迹的方法6. Feedback control system 反馈控制系统7. Optimal control 最优控制Vocabulary-21. Forcing function2. Mathematical model3. First-order differential equation4. Transient- response analysis5. Frequency- response analysis6. Ordinary differential equation7. Partial differential equation8. The principle of superposition9. Linear time-invariant /time-varying system10. Nonlinear systemVocabulary-31. Control action2. Two-position or on off controllers3. Actuating error signal4. Closed-loop system5. Reference input signal6. Self-operated controllers7. Set point8. Flow rate9. Actuating element10. Differential gapVocabulary-41. Laplace transform2. rate control 速率控制，微分控制3. Reset rate 复位率4. transient period 过渡周期5. feedback path 反馈通道6. second-order 二阶的7. block diagram 方块图8. load disturbance 负荷（负载）扰动9. negative feedback 负反馈10. Fundamental principle 基本原则Vocabulary-51. scompensation technique 补偿技术、校正方法2. Performance specification 性能规范3. time-domain performance measures 时域性能指标4. Rise/settling time 上升/调整时间5. phase/ gain margin相位/增益裕度6. trial-and-error approach 逐次逼近法7. Adjust parameter setting 调整参数设置8. steady-state behavior 稳态特性9. series compensation and feedback(or parallel) compensation串联校正和反馈(并联)校正10. lag-lead compensator 滞后/超前校正装置基于GPS/GPRS 的公交车自动报站系统设计•摘要：结合GPS定位，对车辆的状态信息（位置、速度等）进行实时采集及分析，当车辆到达预定位置时，实现公交车的自动报站功能；通过GPRS网络，将公交车的状态信息及时传输到公交监控调度中心，然后通过中心上位机软件的操作，实现对公交车的监控调度、信息更新的功能.采用SD卡存储多条线路信息及MP3语音文件，便于公交车更换公交线路，同时实现高品质语音信息的播放.•关键词：自动报站；GPS；GPRS；信息更新；监控调度•Design of GPS/GPRS bus stop automatic announcerDesign of Automatic Station Report System for Bus Based on GPS/•Abstract: Combining GPS positioning technology, the bus status (information location, speed, etc.) in real-time are collected and analyzed. When the bus is scheduled to arrive at the location, the automatic station report functions is realized. Through the GPRS network, necessary bus status information should be transmitted to the bus monitor dispatching center timely, and then through the center of the operation of PC software, to achieve the function of the monitoring, scheduling and updating information. SD card is used to memorize the information of a number of lines and MP3 audio files, it is facilitated to replace bus lines , and at the same time high-quality voice information play is realized. •Keywords: automatic station report; GPS; GPRS; information updating; monitoring; dispatching基于μPD78F0034单片机的出租车计费器的设计与实现•摘要:介绍了基于μPD78F0034单片机和模块式结构的出租车计费器的软件和硬件设计方法,讨论了μPD78F0034单片机的主要特点;介绍了该单片机和PC机串行通信的硬件连接方法;同时给出了采用单双信号防作弊技术来防止计费器作弊的具体实现方法。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the field of engineering has revolutionized industries by streamlining processes, increasing efficiency, and reducing human error. As a result, it has become imperative for professionals in the automation industry to possess a strong command of English, particularly in terms of technical vocabulary and terminology. In this text, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of English in the field of automation, along with a sample original text and its translation.Importance of English in Automation:English proficiency is crucial for professionals in the automation industry due to the following reasons:1. Global Collaboration: With the rise of multinational corporations and global supply chains, professionals in automation often collaborate with colleagues and clients from different countries. English serves as a common language of communication, enabling effective collaboration and knowledge sharing.2. Technical Documentation: Automation professionals frequently work with technical documents, such as user manuals, equipment specifications, and engineering drawings. These documents are often written in English, and a strong command of the language is necessary to understand and interpret them accurately.3. Research and Development: English is the predominant language in scientific research and development. Automation professionals need to stay updated with the latest advancements in the field, which are often published in English-language journals and research papers.4. International Conferences and Presentations: Professionals in automation often attend conferences and present their research or projects. English fluency is essential for effective communication and knowledge dissemination in such international forums.Sample Original Text:Title: The Role of Programmable Logic Controllers in Industrial AutomationIntroduction:Industrial automation has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, with programmable logic controllers (PLCs) emerging as a key technology. PLCs are computer-based control systems that automate various industrial processes. This article aims to explore the role of PLCs in industrial automation, their applications, and the benefits they offer.Applications of PLCs:PLCs find extensive applications in various industries, including manufacturing, automotive, oil and gas, and food processing. They are used to control and monitor processes such as assembly lines, robotic systems, material handling, and quality control. PLCs offer flexibility, scalability, and reliability, making them an integral part of modern industrial automation.Advantages of PLCs:1. Increased Efficiency: PLCs enable automation of repetitive tasks, leading to improved efficiency and reduced human error. They can perform complex calculations and logic operations at high speeds, resulting in faster and more accurate process control.2. Flexibility and Adaptability: PLCs can be easily programmed and reprogrammed to accommodate changes in production requirements. This flexibility allows for quick adjustments, minimizing downtime and maximizing productivity.3. Remote Monitoring and Control: PLCs can be connected to a network, enabling remote monitoring and control of industrial processes. This feature allows operators to access real-time data, diagnose issues, and make necessary adjustments from a centralized location.4. Cost Savings: By automating processes, PLCs help reduce labor costs, minimize material wastage, and optimize energy consumption. The long-term cost savingsassociated with PLC implementation make them a cost-effective solution for industrial automation.Conclusion:Programmable logic controllers play a vital role in industrial automation, offering numerous advantages such as increased efficiency, flexibility, remote monitoring, and cost savings. As the field of automation continues to evolve, proficiency in English becomes increasingly important for professionals to stay updated with the latest developments and effectively communicate their ideas and findings.Translation (Sample):标题：可编程逻辑控制器在工业自动化中的作用简介：近年来，工业自动化领域取得了重大进展，可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）成为关键技术。

自动化专业英语英译汉40词词库work ['netwə:k] 网络；广播网；网状物2.resistor [ri'zistə] n.电阻器3.inductor [in'dʌktə] n. 感应器；电感器互感自感4.capacitor [kə'pæsitə] n. 电容器5.voltage drop 电压降6.current ['kʌrənt] 电流7.circuit ['sə:kit] 电路8.amplifier ['æmplifaiə] n.放大器9.integrated circuit 集成电路10.transistor [træn'sistə] n. 晶体管11.passive network 无源网络12.mesh [meʃ] n. 网眼13.integral ['intiɡrəl] n. 积分；adj. 积分的；14.increment ['inkrimənt] n. 增量；15.voltage source n. 电压电源16.loop current 回路电流17.potential [pəu'tenʃəl] n. 电势电位18.operational amplifier 运算放大器19.gain factor 增益系数20.filter [filtə] n. 滤波器；21.terminology [,tə:mi'nɔlədʒi] n. 术语专业术语22.logical deduction 逻辑推理23.matrix ['meitriks] n. 矩阵；模型24.rectification [,rektifi'keiʃən] 整流25.collector [kə'lektə] 集电极26.armature ['ɑ:mə,tjuə] n. 电枢；动铁芯衔铁线圈27.brush [brʌʃ] 电刷28.flux [flʌks] n. 流量；29.relay ['ri:lei, ri'lei] n.继电器30.rheostat ['ri:əustæt] n.变阻器31.field winding 激磁绕组；磁场绕组32.trail-and-error n.试凑法33.open-loop adj. 开环的34.performance [pə'fɔ:məns] n. 性能；35.criteria [krai'tiəriə] n. 标准36.sampled-data n.采样数据37.leakage current 漏电流38.breakover n. 导通39.stepper motor 步进电动机40.snubber ['snʌbə] 阻尼器缓冲器41.silicon ['silikən] n.硅；硅元素42.shunt-wound DC motors 并励直流电机43.field circuit 励磁电路44.majority carrier [mə'dʒɔriti] ['kæriə] 多数载流子45.no load 无负载46.trigger ['triɡə]触发器47.speed regulation 速度调节；速度调整48.difference equation 差分方程、积分差分方程49.state variable 状态变量50.shaft 传动轴51.interval ['intəvəl] n. 间隔；间距52.semiconductor [,semikən'dɔktə] n. 半导体53.logical variable 逻辑变量54.diode ['daiəud] n. 二极管55.feedback ['fi:dbæk] n. 反馈56.emitter [i'mitə] n. 发射器，发射管57.stator ['steitə] n.定子58.rotor ['rəutə] n. 转子；59.discrete [dis'kri:t] n. 分立元件；独立部件adj. 离散的，不连续的60.Boolean algebra 布尔代数61.disturbance [di'stə:bəns] n. 干扰扰动62.parameter [pə'ræmitə] n. 参数；系数；参量63.turn [tə:n] 转体vi. 转向64.closed-loop ['kləuzdlu:p] 封闭环，闭合回路65.performance [pə'fɔ:məns] n. 性能；66.state variable 状态变量67.dynamic response 动态响应68.anode ['ænəud] n. 阳极，正极69.apparatus [,æpə'reitəs] n. 装置，设备；仪器；70.converter [kən'və:tə] n.变流器，整流器71.forward-biased72.series-wound DC motors 串励直流电机mutator ['kɔmjuteitə] n. 换向器；整流器74.flux [flʌks] n.流量75.field winding 励磁绕组76.minority carrier 少数载流子77.heavy loads 大负载78.coefficient [,kəui'fiʃənt] n. 系数；率。

2、应力和应变在任何工程结构中独立的部件或构件将承受来白于部件的使用状况或工作的外部环境的外力作用。

如果组件就处于平衡状态，由此而来的各种外力将会为零，但尽管如此，它们共同作用部件的载荷易于使部件变形同时在材料里面产生相应的内力。

In any engineering structure the individual components or members will be subjected to external forces arising from the service conditions or environment in which the component works. If the componcnt or member is in equilibrium, the resultant of the external forces will be zero but, nevertheless, they together place a load on the member which tends to deform that member and which must be reacted by internal forces set up within the material.(a)静态负荷是一种在相对较短的时间内逐步达到平衡的应用载荷。

A static load is a gradually app1ied load for which equi1ibrium is reached in a relatively shorttime・(b)持续负载是一种在很长一段时间为一个常数的载荷，例如结构的重量。

这种类型的载荷以相同的方式作为一个静态负荷；然而，对一些材料与温度和压力的条件下,短时间的载荷和长时间的载荷抵抗失效的能力可能是不同的。

A sustained load is a load that is constant over a long period of time, such as the weight of a structure・ This type of load is treated in the same manner as a static load; however, for some material s and con di tions of temperature and st ress, the resistanee to failure may be different under short time loading and under sustained loading.(c)冲击载荷是一种快速载荷(一种能量载荷)。

An electrical circuit or network is composed of elements such as resistors ，inductors ，and capacitors connected together in some manner .If the network contains no energy sources ，such asbatteries or electrical generators,it is known as a passive network。

On the other hand，if one or more energy sources are present , the resultant combination is an active network。

In studying the behavior of an electrical network，we are interested in determining the voltages and currents that exist within the circuit。

Since a network is composed of passive circuit elements，we must first define the electrical characteristics of these elements。

电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机,那么就被称作无源网络。

换句话说,如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。

在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。

因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。

In the case of a resistor，the voltage—current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which ststes that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. Mathematically，this is expressed as u=iR where u=voltage ，V；i=current，A；R=resistance Ω。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译英文原文：Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers, and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering, and stabilization of ships, aircraft, and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated.自动化是一种通过至少的人力辅助来执行过程或者程序的技术。

自动化或者自动控制是使用各种控制系统来操作设备，例如机械、工厂中的工艺流程、锅炉和热处理炉、电话网络的开关、船舶、飞机和其他应用和车辆的控制和稳定，从而实现最小化或者减少人类干预。

一些过程已经彻底自动化。

Automation plays a crucial role in various industries and sectors, including manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and many others. It involves the use of advanced technologies and control systems to streamline processes, improve efficiency, and reduce human error.In the manufacturing industry, automation is used extensively to carry out repetitive tasks, such as assembly line operations. This not only speeds up production but also ensures consistent quality and reduces the risk of accidents. Robots and robotic systems are commonly employed in manufacturing plants to handle tasks that are dangerous or require high precision.在创造业中，自动化被广泛应用于执行重复性任务，例如流水线操作。