管道专业术语常用英语单词

管道专业常用英文对照一、PIPE （管道/管子）二、FITTING （管件/连接件）3、 FTE ——内螺纹 MTE 外螺纹 TOE 一端螺纹 TBE 两端螺纹4、 EQ TEE ——等径三通5、 RED TEE ——异径三通6、 CONC.RED ——同心大小头7、 ECC.RED ——偏心大小头8、 RED.CPLG ——异径管接头9、 H.CPLG ——半管接头 F.CPLG ——管接头10、 HOSE CONNECTOR,FTE/FEMALE HOSE END ——软管接头 11、 NIPPLE TOE （NPT ）——螺纹管段 12、 CAP FTE(NPT)——螺纹管帽 三、FLANGE （法兰）1、 BLIND ——盲板2、 RF/FF ——凸面/平面3、 SO/WN/LJ ——带颈平焊/带颈对焊/活套4、 STUB END ——翻边5、 MHRF/MH/MHRN ——需二次加工（详见相应图集） 四、V ALES （阀门）1、 GA TE VL ——闸阀2、 GLOBE V ALVE ——截止阀3、 BALL VALVE ——球阀4、 DIAPHRAGM V ALVE ——隔膜阀5、 PRESS SAFETY V ALVE ——安全阀6、 JACKETED V ALVE ——夹套阀7、 BUTTERFL Y V ALVE ——蝶阀8、 JACKETED FLUSH BOTTOM V ALVE ——夹套底部冲洗阀 9、 其它详见PID 图例 五、GASKETS （垫片） 六、BOLTS （螺栓） 七、其它：1、 JACKET SPACER （固定板）2、 JACKET BARRIER （隔板）3、 FLOW CIRCULATOR （导流板）4、 PR GAGE （压力表）5、 TEMP GAGE （TEMP SCAN ELEMENT/TEMP ELEMENT ）测温元件管外径表。

管道工程英文术语缩写管道工程英文术语缩写（中英对照）1.管子及管件P 管子 PipeEL 弯头ELL 长半径弯头ELS 短半径弯头MEL 斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头）REL 异径弯头T 三通 TeeLT 斜三通RT 异径三通R 异径管接头（大小头） ReducerCR 同心异径管接头（同心大小头） Concentric reducer ER 偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头） Eccentric reducer CPL 管箍 Coupling FCPL 双头管箍 Full couplingHCPL 单头管箍 Half couplingRCPL 异径管箍 Reducing couplingBU 内外螺纹接头 BushingUN 活接头 UnionHC 软管接头 Hose couplerSE 翻边短节 Stub endNIP 短节 Pipe nipple or straight nippleSNIP 异径短节 Swaged nippleCP 管帽（封头） CapPL 管堵（丝堵） PlugBLK 盲板 BlankSB 8字盲板 Spectacle blind (blank)RP 补强板 Reinforcing pad2.法兰 FLG 法兰 FlangeWNF 对焊法兰 Welding neck flangeSOF 平焊法兰 Slip-on flangeSWF 承插焊法兰 Socket-welding flangeT 螺纹法兰 Threaded flangeLJ 松套法兰 Lapped joint flangeREDF 异径法兰 Reducing flangeBF 法兰盖（日法兰） Blind flangeFSF 法兰密封面 Flange scaling FF 全平面 Flat face RF 凸台面Raised faceMFF 凹凸面 Male and female faceLF 凹面 Female faceLM 凸面 Male faceRJ 环连接面 Ring joint faceTG 榫槽面 T ongue and groove faceTF 榫面 T ongue faceGF 槽面 Groove face3.垫片 G 垫片 GasketNMG 非金属垫片 Non-metallic gasketAG 石棉垫片 Asbestos gasketRG 橡胶垫片 Rubber gasketTEG 聚四氟乙烯包复垫片 PTFE envelope gasketSMG 半金属垫片 Semimetallic gasketMJG 金属包垫片 Meta-jacket gasketSWG 缠绕式垫片 Spiral wound gasketMG 金属垫片 Metallic gasketFMG 金属平垫片 Flat metallic gasketSMSG 齿形金属垫片 Solid metal serrated gasketLER 透镜式金属环垫 Lens ring gasketOCR 八角形金属环垫 Octagonal ring gasketOVR 椭圆形金属环垫 Oval ring gaksetIR/OR 内外定位环 Inner ring and outer ringIR 内定位环 Inner ringOR 外定位环 Outer ring4.坚固件 B 螺栓 BoltSB 螺柱 Stud boltNU 螺母 NutTB 花蓝螺母 TurnbuckleWSR 垫圈 WasherSWSR 弹簧垫圈 Spring washer5.阀门 GV 闸阀 Gate valveGLV 截止阀 Globe valveCHV 止回阀 Check valveBUV 蝶阀 Butterfly valveBAV 球阀 Ball valvePV 旋塞阀 Plug valve (cock)CV 调节阀 Control valveSV 安全阀 Safety valveRV 减压阀 Pressure reducing valveST 蒸汽疏水阀 Steam trapPRV 泄压阀 Pressur relief valveBV 呼吸阀 Breather valveNV 针形阀 Needle valveAV 角阀DV 隔膜阀TWV 三通阀SGV 插板阀6.管道上用的小型设备SPR 气液分离器Separator FA 阻火器Flame arresterSR 过滤器 StrainerSRY Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerSRT T型过滤器 T-type strainerSRB 桶式过滤器 Bucket type strainerTSR 临时过滤器 Temporary strainerSIL 消声器 SilencerSG 视镜 Slight glassSC 取样冷却器 Sample coolerDF 排液漏斗 Drain funnelLM 管道混合器 Line mixerRO 限流孔板 Restriction orificeMO 混合孔板 Mixing orificeRD 爆破片（爆破膜） Rupture diskEJ 补偿器 Expansion joint7.隔热、伴热 INS 隔热 Thermal insulationH 保温 Hot insulationC 保冷 Cold insulationP 防烫伤隔热 Personnel protection insulationT&I 伴热 Tracing and insulationT 管道伴热（冷） TracingEST 蒸汽外伴热 External steam tracingIST 蒸汽内伴热 Internal steam tracingSJT 蒸汽夹套伴热 Steam-jacket tracingET 电伴热 Electric tracing8.配管材料和等级 M 金属材料 Metallic material CS 碳钢 Carbon steelCAS 铸钢 Cast steelFS 锻钢 Forged steelAS 合金钢 Alloy steelSS 不锈钢 Stainless steelAUSTSS 奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless-steelCI 铸铁 Cast ironMI 可锻铸铁 Malleable ironDI 球墨铸铁 Ductile ironAL 铝 AluminumBRS 黄铜 BrassBRZ 青铜 BronzeCU 紫铜 CopperLAS 低合金钢 Low alloy steelFLAS 低合金锻钢 Forged low alloy steelCLAS 低合金铸钢 Cast low alloy steelTHK 壁厚 ThicknessSCH 表号 Schedule numberSTD 标准 StandardXS 加强 Extra strongXXS 特强 Double extra strong9.装置布置 CN 建北 Construction northE 东 EastW 西 WestS 南 SouthN 北 NorthH 水平 HorizontalV 竖直、铅直、直立 VerticalGRD 地坪 GroundUG 地下 UndergroundBL 装置边界线 Battery limit lineESEW 事故沐浴洗眼器 Emergency shower and eye washer HS 软管站 Hose stationML 接续分界线 Match linePS 管道支架（管架） Piping supportPR 管桥 Pipe rackSTRU 构架（构筑物） StructureBLDG 建筑物 BuildingPD 清扫设施 Purge devicePT 池 PitSHLT 棚 ShelterCOFF 围堰 CofferdamFL 楼板 FloorPF 平台 Plateform10.尺寸标注 EL 标高 Elevation BOP 管底 Bottom of pipe COP 管中心Center of pipeTOP 管顶 Top of pipeFOB 底平 Flat on bottomFOT 顶平 Flat on topCL(屯) 中心线 Center lineTL 切线 Tangent lineSYM 对称的 SymmetricalBOS 支架底 Bottom of supportTOS 支架顶 Top of supportCL 净距（净空） ClearanceCTC 中心至中心 Center to centerCTF 中心至面 Center to faceCTE 中心至端部 Center to endETE 端到端 End to endFEF 法兰端面 Flange and faceFTF 面到面 Face to faceD 直径 DiameterDN 公称直径 Nominal diameterID 内径 Inside diameterOD 外径 Outside diameterDIM 尺寸 DimensionMAX 最大 MaximumMIN 最小 MinimumAVG 平均 AverageAPP 约、近似 Approximate点标高 Point elevation11.图表 PFD 工艺流程图 Process flow diagramPID 管道和仪表流程图 Piping & instrument diagramCOD 接续图 Continued on drawingDTL 详图 DatailSPDWG(ISODWG) 管段图 Spool drawing (each line isometric drawing) DWGNO 图号 Drawing numberDWGI 所在图号 Drawing identificationLOW 材料表 List of materialMTO 汇料 Material take-offAPPX 附录 AppendixJOB. No. 工号 Job NumberBEDD 基础工程设计数据 Basic engineering design dataDEDD 详细工程设计数据 Detail engineering design dataREV. No. 修改号 Recision numberREFDWG 参考图 Reference drawingSC 采样接口 Sample connection12.操作方式及工作参数 AUT 自动 AutomaticML 手动 Manual controlCHOP 链条操作 Chain operatedCSC 铅封关 Car seal closeCSO 铅封开 Car seal openLC 锁闭 Lock closedLO 锁开 Lock openNC 正常关 Normally closeNO 正常开 Normally openATM 大气压 AtmospherePN 公称压力 Nominal pressureA 绝压G 表压(T) 温度 Temperature(P) 压力 Pressure13.施工 W 焊接 WeldingAW 电弧焊 Arc weldingGSAW 气体保护电弧焊 Gas shielded-acr welding EFW 电熔焊Elecric fusion weldingERW 电阻焊 Electric Resistance weldingGW 气焊 Gas weldingLW 搭接焊 Lap weldingBW 对焊 Butt weldingTW 定位焊 Tack weldingSW 承插焊 Socket weldingCW 连续焊 Continuous weldingSEW 密封焊 Seal weldingSFG 堆焊 SurfacingFW 现场焊接 Field weldingHT 热处理 Heat treatmentPH 预热 PreheatingSR 应力消除 Stress reliefPWHT 焊后热处理 Post weld heat treatmentEIT 检查、探伤和实验 Examination, inspection & testing VE 外观检查 Visual examinationUI (UT) 超声探伤 Ultrasonic inspection (test)RI (RT) 射线探伤 Radiographic inspection (test)MPI (MT) 磁粉探伤 Magnetic particle inspection (test)LPI (PT) 液体渗透检验 Liquid penterant inspection (test) HADT 硬度实验 Hardness testingHYDT 水压实验 Hydraulic testingPNET 气压实验 Pneumatic testingCE 焊条 Covered electrodeWW 焊丝 Welding wireASSY 装配、组合 AssemblyF 现场 FieldF/F 现场制造 Field faricatedSF 现场决定 Suit in fieldCSP 冷紧 Cold springBCT 螺栓冷紧 Bolt cold tighteningBHY 螺栓热紧 Bolt hot tighteningCO 清洗口 Clean outANNY 退火 AnnealedPE 平端面 Plain endBE 坡口端 Belelled endTHR 螺纹 ThreadHB 布氏硬度 Brinnel hardnessRC 洛氏硬度14.其他 FDN 基础 FoundationINF 信息（资料） InformationREF 参考 ReferenceREV 修改 RevisionSEQ 序号（顺序） SequenceW/E 设备带来 With equipmentW/I 仪表带来 With instrumentCM 色标 Colour markCA 腐蚀裕度 Corrosion allowanceUTL 公用系统 UtilityUC 公用工程接头 Utility connectionQTY 数量 QuantityWT 重量 WeightMHR 工时 Man hourBC 螺栓分布圆 Bolt circleHP 高点 High pointLP 低点Low pointSUC 吸入（口） SuctionDIS 排出（口） DischargeSO 蒸气吹扫（口） Steam outNPT 美国标准锥管螺纹 National standard taper pipe thread NPS 美国标准直管螺纹 National standard straight pipe thread DR 排液 DrainVT 放气 VentRTG （压力）等级 RatingCL 等级 ClassSMLS 无缝 Seamless螺旋缝。

化工管道工程使用技术词汇中英文对照化工管道工程是指针对化工领域的管道系统设计、施工、维护、管理和安全监控等的技术应用。

在化工管道工程中，有着大量的技术术语需要使用，下面将为大家介绍一些常见的化工管道工程技术词汇的中英文对照。

1. 阀门valve/gate valve2. 泵pump3. 压力pressure4. 流量flow rate5. 温度temperature6. 热传导thermal conductivity7. 尺寸dimensions8. 焊接welding9. 管道材料pipe material10. 耐蚀性corrosion resistance11. 管道尺寸diameter12. 压力等级pressure rating13. 压力容器pressure vessel14. 管件fittings15. 泄压valve relief valve16. 自动控制automatic control17. 管路输送pipeline transportation18. 管线管道pipeline19. 管路变化pipeline change20. 隔膜式阀门diaphragm valve21. 球阀ball valve22. 聚乙烯管道PVC pipe23. 聚氯乙烯管道PE pipe24. 钢管道steel pipe25. 抗震性seismic resistance26. 减震降噪shock absorption and noise reduction27. 绝缘insulation28. 推力补偿器thrust compensator29. 弹性支座elastic support30. 固定支座fixed support31. 密封seal32. 活塞泵piston pump33. 电导率conductivity34. 温度控制temperature control35. 动态平衡dynamic balance36. 冷却器cooler37. 管线附属设备pipeline ancillary equipment38. 流量计flow meter39. 泄漏检测器leak detector40. 自动取样器automatic sampler以上就是一些常见的化工管道工程技术词汇的中英文对照。

管道工程常用术语管道conduit, pipeline, duct管道结构pipeli ne (con duit) stucture埋地管道，地下管道buried conuit (pipeline), under-ground conduit (pipeline)地上管道above=gro und con duit (pipeli ne)水下管道submerged pipeli ne, subaqueous pipeli ne海底管道submari ne pipeli ne架空管道overhead pipeli ne管桥pipe bridge工业管道in dustrial pipeli ne给水管道water supply conduit (pipeline)输水管道water transmission conduit (pipeline)酉己水管道water distribution pipeline排水管道sewer con duit (pipeli ne)雨水管道storm sewer con duit (pipeli ne)河流管道comb ined drain age con duit (pipeli ne)污水管道sewage con duit (pipeli ne)涵洞culvert建筑给水管道pipeli ne for water supply in buildi ng建筑排水管道pipeli ne for waste water (sewerage) in buildi ng雨落管down pipe, down spout冷去卩水管道cooli ng water pipeli ne输油管道petroleum tran smissi on pipeli ne输气管道gas tran smissi on pipeli ne供热管道heat-supply pipeli ne采暖管道heati ng pipeli ne通风管道ven tilat ing duct纟田颗粒固体输送管道fin ely divided solid tran smissi on pipeli ne管沟pipe duct电缆沟cable duct通行地沟accessible duct不通行地沟un passable duct综合管道，共同沟combi ned duct电工套管electrical con duits无压管道non-pressure con duit (pipeli ne)自流管道，重力流管道free-flow con duit (pipeli ne), gravity-flow con duit (pipeli ne) 管道穿越pipeli ne un der cross ing管道跨越pipeli ne aerial (over) cross ing管道支架pipeli ne trestle管道支墩pipeli ne pier刚性管rigid pipe柔性管flexible pipe半柔性管，半刚性管semi-flexible pipe, semi-rigid pipe内衬liner涂层coati ng, surface layer管道接头pipeli ne joi nt管件pipe fitting管道附件pipe accessory管道附属构筑物pipeli ne appurte nance止推墩，固定墩thrust blocks, an chor管道防腐corrosi on prevetive of pipes管道隔热，管道保温thermal in sulati on of pipes辛钢管steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe无缝钢管seamless steel pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe直缝焊接钢管Ion gitudi nal welded steel pipe电阻焊electirc resistenee welding, ERW不锈钢管sta ini ess steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe (CIP)灰口铸铁管grey cast iron pipe (CIP)稀土铸铁管rare earth cast iron pipe球墨铸铁管，可延性铸铁管nodular castiron pipe, ductile cast iron pipe (DIP)铸态球墨铸铁管unann ealed no dular (ductile) cast iron pipe混凝土管con crete pipe (CP)钢筋混凝土管rei nforced con crete pipe (RCP)预应力混凝土管prestressed con crete pipe (PCP)自应力混凝土管self-prestressed con crete pipe, chemically prestressed con crete pipe预应力钢筒混凝土管prestressed con crete cyli nder pipe (PCCP)内衬式预应力钢筒混凝土管lin ed type PCCP (PCCR-L), li ned-cyli nder pipe (LCP)埋置式预应钢管混凝土管embedded type PCCP (PCCP-E), embeded-cyli nder pipe (ECP) 石棉水泥管asbestos-ceme nt pipe (ACP)陶土管vitrified clay pipe硬聚氯乙烯塑料管un plasticised polyv inyl chloride pipe (UPVC 管)聚乙烯塑料管polyethylene pipe (PE管)聚丙烯塑料管polypropylene pipe (PP管)聚丁烯塑料管polybutylene pipe (PB 管)红泥聚氯乙烯耐候塑料管red mud plastic an ti-weather pipeABS 工程塑料管acrylonitrile butadiene stryrene pipe (ABS 管)玻璃纤维管，玻璃纤维增强热固性塑料管fiberglass reinforced pipe (FRP), glass fibre rei nforced plastics pipe (GRP)增强热固性树脂管rei nforced thermosetti ng resi n pipe (RTRP)增强塑料砂浆管rei nforced plastic mortar pipe (RPMP)复合管composite pipe混合结构管道mixed structure con duit圆形管道circular con duit (pipeli ne)矩形管道box (recta ngular) con duit马蹄形管道horseshoe con duit 半椭圆形管道semi-elliptical con duit椭圆形管道oval co nduit, elliptical co nduit 卵形管道ovoid con duit 波纹管corrugated pipe 螺纹状helical corrugation 圆圈状annular corrugation 单壁波纹管sin gle wall corrugated pipe 双臂波纹管double wall corrugated pipe 波纹钢管corrugated steel pipe 波纹塑料管corrugated plastic pipe 异型(肋型)塑料管profile (ribbed) wall plastic pipe 开孑L肋形管ope n profile pipe T 形肋T-rib section 竖肋vertical rib section 闭孑L肋形管closed profile pipe 发泡塑料管plastic san dwich pipe 保护套管protective cased pipe 双层管pipe in pipe 平口管straight butt (plain) end pipe 斜口管beveled pipe, splayed end pipe 承口管socket pipe 企口管tongue and groove pipe, rebated pipe 现浇管道cast-i n-place (situ) con duit 预制装配管道precast fabricated con duit 离心法centrifugal process 连续浇筑法continu ous casti ng process 砂型浇注法sand box casti ng process 悬辊法roller suspension process 径向挤压法，立式挤压法vertical compressed casti ng process立式振捣法vertical vibrated cast ing process 芯模振捣法core vibrated casti ng process 振动台振捣法table vibrated casti ng process震动挤压法vibrohydro pressed casti ng process 管芯缠绕法core winding process 纤维缠绕法filame nt winding process 挤出成型法shaped by screw rod extruder 单螺杆挤出机sin gle-screw extruder双螺杆挤出机double-screw extruder 注模成型法shaped by injecti on mold ing 管道截面con duitsection 管道宽度breadth of con duit 管道高度height of con duit 管长pipe length管有效长度effective len gth of pipe管直径pipe diameter公称直径norm inal diameter (DN)内径in side diameter夕卜径outside diameter平均直径mea n diameter管壁厚thickness of pipe wall顶点crown底点invert侧点springline拱沟矢高rise of arch con duit管道结构厚度thick ness of con duit structure管道荷载load on con duit (pipeli ne)管道恒荷载dead load on con duit (pipeli ne)管道活荷载live load on con duit (pipeli ne)竖向土压力，垂直土压力vertical earth pressure侧向土压力，水平土压力lateral earth pressure, horiz on tal earth pressure沟埋式土压力earth pressure on trench con duit上埋式土压力earth pressure on emba nkme nt con duit土拱压力earth pressure un der soil arch竖向土压力系数coefficie nt of vertical earth pressure管上土柱in terior prism管侧土柱exterior prism主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest被动土压力passive earth pressure土的弹性抗力elastic reaction of soil车辆荷载traffic load轮压wheel pressure, type pressure动力系数impact factor堆积荷载surcharge load, heaped load施工荷载site load工作压力work ing pressure, serviceability pressure设计压力desig n pressure波动压力surge pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure动水作用力dyn amic water pressure真空压力vacuum pressure三支承法试验three-edge beari ng test双支承法试验two-edge beari ng test裂缝荷载crack ing load un der three-edge beari ng test破坏荷载ultimate load un der three-edge beari ng test刚度等级stiffness class刚度试验stiffness test刚柔比flexural stiffness ratio压扁试验，扁平试验flatte ning test冲击试验impact test压力等级pressure class水压检验试验works hydrostatic test, hydrostatic proof test持续压力试验susta ined pressure test四点法荷载试验four-poi nt loadi ng test三点法荷载试验three-po in t load ing test弯曲试验ben di ng test横向计算tran sversal calculati on纵向计算Ion gituli nal calculati on 强度计算stren gth calculatio n 稳定验算stability calculati on 刚度验算stiffness calculation 裂缝宽度验算crack width calculation基础(基座、管基、管座)中心角beddi ng an gle素土平基flat subgrade土弧基础shapped subgrade混凝土管基(管座) con crete cradle槽宽breadth of trench覆土高度earth cover (height of fill) over con duit分布角spreading angle负载分布图形load ing distributi on diagram地基反力图形beari ng pressure distributi on diagram布氏压力图形Bouss in ecq pressure bulb奥兰特分布图形Ola nder 'bulb form distributio n弹性反力图形distributi on of elastic reactionD-荷载D-lead滞后系数lag factor 冈『性环stiffness ring 分离式基础separate foun dati on 跨越结构aerial cross ing structure 管道跨越pipe cross ing 结构跨越structural cross ing 组合跨越composite cross ing 固定支架fixed trestle 刚性支架rigid trestle 柔性支架flexble trestle 半固定支架partial fixed trestle 导向支架orie nted (guidi ng) frestle 刚性接头rigid joi nt 柔性接头flexible joi nt 伸缩接头expa nsion joint 插入式接头push-on type joint套管（筒）式接头collar type joint, sleeve joint 自锚式接头self-a nchori ng joint 活接头，活箍detachable type joint, slip-on coupli ng 热溶接头fusion joi nt 粘结接头solve nt ceme nt joint 法兰接头flanged joint 螺纹接头threaded joi nt 承插式接头socket （bell） and spigot joint 企口式接头ton gue and groove joint 机械接头mecha ni cal joint 抹带接头butt and strap joint 钢丝网水泥砂浆抹带接头ceme nt mortar with steel mesh strap joi nt套环接头outer sleeve joi nt 内套环接头inner sleeve joi nt 现浇套环接头cast in place collar joint 接头密圭寸料joint seala nt, jo int pack ing 密圭寸圈gasket ring, sealing gasket 填缝，捻缝caulki ng 接头角位移jointan gular deflect ion 接头角位移试验joi nt deflection test接头轴向位移joint axial deformati on 接头拉伸试验joi nt straight draw test 穿墙套管wall pipe chase 杯口连接sleeve connection 现浇接头（缝）cast in place joi nt 管托，管道支座pipe support 滑动管托，滑动支座slider support滚动管托，滚动支座roller support 固定管托，固定支座fixed support 肘管管托support feet, duck foot 异径管，渐缩管reducer弯管be nd 弯头elbow 三通single junction 四通double junction 乙字管offset 法兰flange 盖堵cap 补偿器compansator 弯管补偿器expa nsion loop, expa nsion bend 伸缩节expansion joint 松套伸缩接头sleeve expa nsion joint 套管式伸缩器pipe cas ing slip joi nt 卡箍式管接头coupli ng of hous ing波纹补偿器expa nsion bellows可曲绕橡胶接头flexible rubber expa nsion joi nt吊杆han ger弹横吊杆spri ng han ger管卡，管箍pipe clip检查井in spect ion chamber, man hole井室，检查室chamber井筒shaft缩颈盖板reducer slab井筒盖板cover slab, adaptar slab检查井盖1 man hole cover and flames踏步man hole steps雨水口road (street) gully雨水井gully trap雨水蓖gully gratings and frames出水口outlet开槽施工，沟槽敷设trench in stallati on不开槽施工，隧道法敷设tren chless in stallati on, tunn ell ing method in stallati on顶管法pipe jacking method 盾构法shield tunnelling method 新奥法New Austrian tunnelling method管棚法pipe roofing method沉管法施工sinking pipeli ne method浮拖法floating pulling method底拖法under water dragging method弹性敷管法elastic in stallati on pipeli ne method原状(始)地面n atural (origi na) ground surface原状土，未扰动土n atural soil, un disturbed earth降水，排水dewateri ng, water removal槽深trench depth超挖over excavation地基处理soil treatme nt, soil improveme nt顶进工作坑，起始工作坑thrust pit, starti ng shaft接受工作坑，终端工作坑recepti on pit, arrivi ng shaft中继间in termediate jack ing stati on导管leading pipe止推墙，反力墙thrust wall, reaction wall顶力jacking pressure管下腋角haun ches un der pipe未回填沟槽un backfilled trench回填土backfil胸控夯实compact ion the two sides of pipe中松侧实法compact ion around the pipe with relatively un tamped above the top of pipe 闭合温差max temperature differe nee betwee n con struct ion and operati on闭（灌）水试验water fight test 现场水压试验site pressure test 严密性试验leak test 气密性试验air-tight test水泥砂浆内衬ceme nt mortar lining。