Numerical Simulation of Microstructure and Microsegregation in Ni-Cu Alloy under Isothermal Cond
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J.Mater.Sci.Techno1.,Vo1.24 No.3,2008 Numerical Simulation of Microstructure and Microsegregation in Ni-Cu Alloy under Isothermal Condition
Xiang xuEt and JiI1j1111 TANG School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China [Manuscript received May 16,2007,in revised form August 24,2007】
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Phase-field method can be used to describe the complicated morphologies of dendrite growth without explicitly tracking the complex phase boundaries.The influences of initial temperature and initiaI concentration on dendrite growth are investigated by using the phase-field model COUPling concentration field equations.The calculated results indicate that the supersaturation.which is larger in lower initial temperature and lower concentration under isothermaI condition,plays a very important role in microsegregation.1t is found that the larger supersaturation causes higher degree microsegregation and faster dendrite growth,and the more serious side—branchs occur.The simulated results agree well with the solidification theory.
KEY WORDS:Numerical simulation;Phase—field;Microsegregation;Microstructure
1.Introduction The formation of complex microstructures dur— ing solidification of metals and alloys and the accom- panying difusion and convection fascinate many re- searchers in materials science.Examples include the growth of dendrites and eutectics[ 一刮and microseg— regation that occurs during dendrite growth[4J.Thus
various approaches have been made for modeling:(a) the transport of solute in the interdendritic mushy regions by di肌sion[5 J;(b)the coarsening of the den— dritic structure to reduce surface area[ rJ.(c)the diffusion of solute in the solid[sJ. In order to sim—
plify the mode1.the latent heat is ignored it is con- sidered that a binary alloy freezes under isothermal condition.McCarthy[9 J and Lee et a1.【l UJ simulated
solidification microstructure of Ni—Cu and Fe—C al- loys under isothermal condition.Recently,Zhang and Tang[11 J developed an adaptive moving mesh method to solve a phase field model for the mixture of two in— compressible fluids.Gronhagen and Agren[12 J studied
grain-boundary segregation and solute drag based on a phase—field approach. Dendrites are intricate patterns that make up the microstructure of many important commercial alloys. A complex shape develops due to the emission of sea- ondary branches behind the growing tips of primary branches[1引.Generally,it is di币cult to get a perfect
equilibrium situation during the solidification of al— loys,because the segregation by non-equilibrium, 9一
lidification always occurs except for a few cases[14J.
Microsegregation resulting from the solute redistri- bution causes non—equilibrium second phase,po ̄osity and crack formation which could degrade mechani- cal properties of metal products.Thus,the quanti— tative prediction is very necessary.Experimental and analytic methods have ever been used to predict the degree of microsegregation.But it is very di币cult to observe and determine the solute segregation that ap— pears in small dendrite region.Moreover,the analytic models have so many assumptions that they cannot describe the actual phenomenon exactly.Recently,
十Prof.,Ph.D.,to whom correspondence should be addressed E-mail:xxue@hit.edu.an.
the phase-field method is very powerful in simulating dendrite growth.and it is becoming one of the impor— tant ways to achieve the industrial prediction of the solidification micrOstructure【l5— . In this paper,a phase..field model for numerical simulation of solidi.. fication of Ni—Cu binary alloys was developed.Some key problems in modeling and numerical simulation are solved.and the influences of the initial temper— ature,the initial cOncentratiOn,the supersaturatiOn and the thickness of boundary layer on dendrite mor— phologies are discussed.
2.Phase.field M0del The two main equations to be solved are as fol- lows(for details of the model formulation,refer to the references[ 。, 。】1:
= (£ re)-(1-c)日 , )一c , )】
=一V・[McV(6 V c)一DcVc+Mc(HA( , )一 HB( , ))V )] (2) 日A( , )= A9 )+p ) A(;一 1)(3)
)= 9 ) ( B(;一 )(4) 9( )= (1一 ) ,p( )= 。(10—15 ̄+6 )(5) Dc=Ds+p( )(DL—Ds) (6) Me=(1一c)MA+cMB (7) £=e0(1+rcos(kO)) (8) where,MA,MB,WA,WB and£are the parameters of the phase field model,and are given by
Ms_
堡
6 ̄/2L B5 B
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