Give me all I pay for — Execution Guarantees in Electronic Commerce Payment Processes

南京工业大学国际结算试题（A）卷（开）2008 -- 2009 学年第一学期使用班级国贸0601－2I. Fill in the blanks (1.5’x 10 = 15’)1. International payments such as educational expenses, inheritance, insurance premiums,bank commissions etc all belong to_________.2. _________is a messaging service which has the characteristics as efficient, secure, standardization and low- cost.3. To establish a correspondent banking relations, two banks should exchange________including authorized signatures, telegraphic test keys, schedule of terms and conditions and SAK if those two banks are SWIFT members.4. Bills of exchange drawn by and accepted by commercial firms are known as_______ bills.5. If an endorsement wording as “James Smith pay to L.Green”, this is a_______endorsement.6. Under D/D, upon receipt of the draft, the beneficiary can either present it for payment at thecounter of the drawee bank or______.7. Before the buyer effects payment to the issuing bank, he may borrow the documents fromthe issuing bank to obtain the goods against a (n) ________.8. Once a tender has been awarded a contract and when signing the contract, he must submita (n) _________ to assure that he will perform the contract as signed.9. If a guarantee subject to URDG458, it is callable merely upon a (n) _______ presented bythe beneficiary saying that the applicant is in breach of a contract.10. Forfaiting is one type of invoice discounting on _________ basis.II. True (T) or False (F) (2’x 15 = 30’)1. When the holder transfers the draft to another person, the latter must know how the instrument was generated.2. In a promissory note, the drawer and the payer are the same person.3. There’s no acceptor in a promissory note.4. An endorser of a bill is liable on it to subsequent endorsers and holders of the bill.5. If a father obtains the bill in good faith and for value, then gives the bill to his daughter as a present, the daughter becomes a holder in due course.6. A bill wording as “Pay Mr.Li or order”may be transferred by Mr. Li without endorsement.7. A crossed check can be cashed over the counter of the drawee bank.8. Under remittance and collection, the instructions of sending money or collectingmoney are given by the importer under the sales contract.9. Under D/P after sight, when the importer accepts the time draft the collecting bank will release the documents.10. Under documentary credit, the negotiating bank has no obligation to examine documents.11. According to UCP600, the drawee of the drafts under the L/C could be a bank or theapplicant of the L/C.12. An irrevocable credit cannot be amended, revoked or cancelled.13. If the credit is a deferred payment credit there is no need to draw a draft..14. Standby letters of credit are similar to the bank guarantees so they all subject to UCP 600.15. Under a factoring agreement, the factor will pay the seller if the buyer goes bankrupt or isunable to pay for the reasons as non-delivery, damaged goods, inferior quality etc. III. Choose the best answer (2’x 20= 40’)1. Among the following forms of banks, which one is an independent legal entity?_______.A. Representative officeB. Foreign branch bankC. Subsidiary bankD. Agency2. Bill of lading is an important document, evidencing _______.A. cargo receipt C. title to the goodsB. transport contract D. all of above3. Which of the following is not a payment system?A. CHIPB. TARGETC. CNAPSD. EDI4. To the importer, the fastest and safest method of settlement is________.A. letter of creditB. cash in advanceC. open accountD. collection5. The effect of a blank endorsement is to make the check payable to the_____.A. order of a specified personB. specified personC. bearerD. named person6. If a bill is payable “60 days after date”, the date of payment is decided according to____.A. the date of acceptance C. the date of issuingB. the date of presentation D. the date of maturity7. An acceptance with the wording “payable on delivery of bill of lading”is______.A. a general acceptance C. non acceptanceB. qualified acceptance D. partial acceptance8. Which of the following is based on trade credit? _______A. Letter of creditB. Bank guaranteesC. CollectionD. International factoring9. If Bank of China instructs Bank of America to pay a sum of US$1,000,000 to somebody inNew York, its nostro account will be ______.A. creditedB. debitedC. increasedD. decreased10. In documentary collection, after the goods have been shipped, the exporter presents thedocuments to_______.A. the collecting bank C. the remitting bankB. the reimbursing bank D. the opening bank11. There are some methods of payment in international trade: (1) D/P at sight; (2) D/P aftersight; (3) D/A; (4) L/C, from an exporter’s point of view, the order of preferenceis_______.A. (1), (2), (3), (4) C. (4), (2), (1), (3)B. (4), (3), (1), (2) D. (4), (1), (2), (3)12. The credit may only be confirmed if it is so authorized or requested by ______.A. the beneficiaryB. the advising bankC. the supplierD. the issuing bank13. The______ informs the beneficiary another bank has issued a credit in his favor withoutadding its own engagement.A. confirming bankB. advising bankC. issuing bankD. presenting bank14. Which of the following details on the transferred credit may not be different to that of thecredit before transfer? _______.A. The shipping date C. The description of the goodsB. The expiry date of the credit D. The name of the applicant15. An applicant must reimburse an issuing bank unless he finds that______.A. goods are defectiveB. goods are not as ordered in the sales contractC. documents received do not allow him to clear the customsD. documents do not conform on the face to the terms and conditions of the credit16. Under buyer’s acceptance credit, the draft drawn under the credit is a ______ draft and it ispayable_______, discount charges and commission are for _______ account.A. sight / at sight / the buyer’s C. usance / at sight / the buyer’sB. sight / after sight / the seller’s D. time / after sight / the seller’s17. Under the red clause credit, on which party does the final responsibility lie forreimbursement if the terms and conditions are not fulfilled by the beneficiary? ______.A. The issuing bank C. The beneficiaryB. The advising bank D. The applicant18. A back-to-back credit exposes the bank issuing the second credit to risk because______.A. the beneficiary under the second credit may not ship goodsB. the documents presented under the second credit may not exactly conform to the terms of the first creditC. the bank has already paid the beneficiary under the second credit before it receivesdocumentation from the beneficiary under the first creditD. the bank has already paid the beneficiary of the first credit before it receives documentation from the beneficiary under the first credit19. If a credit marked as “Upon receipt by the beneficiary of notice from the issuing bank that adraft has been paid under this credit, a sum equal to the amount of such draft again become available under the credit” it is a (n) ______.A. accumulative revolving creditB. non- accumulative revolving creditC. automatically revolving credit in relation to valueD. non- automatically revolving credit in relation to value20. A bill of lading wording as “bale broken” is______.A. a short form B/LB. a clean B/LC. a stale B/LD. an unclean B/LIV. Case study (15’ x 1 = 15’)2006 年5 月7 日德国汉堡A 银行开来30 天远期信用证，金额为96,900 美元，规定适用于UCP500。

句子：“there is a strategic value of being able to very precisely cross-sell your customers with very specific content that you weave into the bills and statements based on a customer’s actual usage patterns and spending habits.” 单词：cross-sell 交叉销售 weave A into B 把A织进B里面 把A织成B 翻译：”若能够做到非常精确地将具体的货源交叉销售给客户，并将这一货源添加到以客户的实际使用模式和消费习惯为基础的结算单上，将具有战略性的价值。“
B
EBPP变革了传统的账单递送与支付方式，能够给账单出具者和消费者节约巨大的成本，减少现金积压和坏账损失。
对消费者来说，一站式的账单支付将会减少大量的时间与精力的浪费。而对于商业银行来说，EBPP则能带来许多银行卡的用户，并通过增加银行卡的功能来增加使用次数，同样优势明显。
EBPP能帮助账单出具机构更好地实现客户关系管理。因为实现了EBPP，掌握了大量消费者的信息，对于移动通信等激烈竞争的行业，可以加强对现有客户资源的管理，避免客户流失
1
单词：beyond 越出（某事物）范围; 超越 mere adj. 仅仅的; 只不过
2
翻译：EBPP所能做的远不止安全地完成信用卡交易，它更能通过因特网实现账单付兑和支付。
3
句子：They can even contact customer service reps electronically, substantially cutting down on the number of calls going through the call center--and reducing the cost of your company's customer support.

1你能报给我这些商品的价格吗？Would you please quote me the price of these goods2 所报价格需包括到温哥华的保险和运费。

Price quoted should include insurance and freight to Vancouver3 希望您报成本加运费、保险费到温哥华的最低价格。

I’d like to you quote the lowest price of CIF to Vancouver4 请告知我们贵方能供货的价格。

Please inform us of the prices at which you can supply5 若贵方价格合理，我们可能向你们大量订货。

If your prices are reasonable, we may place a large order with you6 若我方向你们长期订货，请告知能给予多少折扣，不甚感激。

If I give you a long-term regular order, please let us know what discount you can grant，I really appreciate.7 请就下列每项货物向我方报成本加运费、保险费到西雅图的最低价格，其中包括我们百分之五的佣金。

Please quote us the lowest price of CIF to Seattle, for each of the following goods ,including our five percent commission.1.我们的包装完全适合于海运。

Our packing is completely suitable for transport by sea2.我们将完全按照你的指示包装货物。

We will packing the goods completely according to your instructions3.为了避免损坏，货物将采用木箱包装，但是这种包装的费用比较高。

国际经济法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际经济法总论International Economic Law Merchandise theory 重商主义学说Absolute advantage theory 绝对优势理论学说Comparative advantage theory 比较优势理论学说International economic law 国际经济法World bank (group) = WBG世界银行（集团）World trade organization = WTO 世界贸易组织International monetary fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织Treaty on European union 欧盟条约Law of conflict of laws 国际私法/法律冲突法Natural person 自然人Legal person 法人Transnational corporations 跨国公司Quasi-international agreement 准国际协议General agreement on tariffs and trade = GATT 《关税与贸易总协定》UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议/联合国贸发会议EU 欧盟ASEAN 东南亚联盟CCM 加勒比共同市场NAFTA 北美自由贸易区Organization of petroleum exporting countries = OPEC 石油输出国组织UNCITRAL 联合国国际贸易法委员会WIPO 世界知识产权组织第二章国际货物买卖法United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods = CISG 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》/《销售合同公约》Contract for the international sale of goods（国际货物买卖合同）Negotiation 洽商Terms of transaction 交易条件Inquiry 询盘Buying offer = Bid 买方发盘/递盘Selling offer 卖方发盘To sign a contract 签订合同Offer 要约Offeror 要约人Offeree 受要约人Invitation for offer 要约邀请Quotation 报价单Price list 价目表Catalogues 商品目录Specific person 特定的人Sufficiently definite 十分确定Cross offer 碰头要约Withdrawal （要约的）撤回Revocation （要约的）撤销Irrevocable 不可撤销Reasonable time 合理的时间Public offer 公开发盘Acceptance 承诺commitment（承诺）Late acceptance 逾期承诺Official holidays 正式假日Non-business days 非营业日Mirror-image rule 镜子反射规则Additions 添加Modifications 更改Limitations 限制Material alteration 实质上的变更Received of the letter of acceptance rule 到达生效原则Corporation 公司Firm 商行Partnership 合伙Insurance to be effected by the buyer 保险由买方负责Inspection clause 检验条款Claim clause 索赔条款Confirmation of sales 销售确认书Contract of sales 买卖合同Concurrent condition 对流条件Delivery 交货Take delivery 受领Shipping documents 装运单据Counter-offer 反要约/还盘Right 权利Claim 要求Breach of contract 违约Fundamental breach of contract 根本违反合同Anticipatory breach of contract 预期违反合同Adequate assurance of his performance 提供充分保证Damages 损害赔偿Specific performance 实际履行Repair 修理Declare the contract avoided 宣告合同无效FORCE MAJEURE (ACT OF GOD) 不可抗力Warsaw-Oxford Rules 《华沙——牛津规则》International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms = Incoterms 《国际贸易术语解释通则》ICC 国际商会Electronic Data Interchange = EDI 电子数据交换Departure 启运（E组术语）Main carriage unpaid 主运费未付（F组术语）Main carriage paid 主运费已付（C 组术语）Arrival 到达（D组术语）1.EXW = EX Works……(named place) 工厂交货……（指定地点）2.FCA = Free Carrier……(named place) 货交承运人……（指定地点）3.FAS = Free Alongside Ship……(named port of shipment) 船边交货……（指定装运港）4.FOB = Free on Board……(named port of shipment) 船上交货……（指定装运港），又称离岸价格5.CFR = Cost and Freight……(named port of destination) 成本加运费……（指定目的港）6.CIF = Cost Insurance and Freight……(named port of destination) 成本、保险费加运费……（指定目的港）7.CPT = Carriage paid to……(named port of destination) 运费付至……（指定目的地）8.CIP = Carriage and Insurance paid to……(named port of destination) 运费及保险费付至……（指定目的地）9.DAF = Delivered at Frontier……(named place) 边境交货……（指定地点）10.DES = Delivered Ex Ship……(named port of destination) 目的港船上交货……（指定目的港）11.DEQ = Delivered Ex Quay……( named port of destination) 目的港码头交货……（指定目的港）12.DDU = Delivered Duty Unpaid……(named port of destination) 未完税交货……（指定目的地）13.DDP = Delivered Duty Paid……(named port of destination) 完税后交货……（指定目的地）14.DAP Equivalent electronic message 相等的电子单证Ship's rail 船舷Document transaction 单证交易Specific goods 特定货物Unascertained goods 非特定货物Specified goods 特定化货物In transit 路货Tender or delivery of goods 提供或交付的货物第三章国际货物运输与保险法律制度Ship owner 船舶所有人Disponent owner 二船东Affreightment in a general ship 件杂货运输合同/零担运输合同/提单运输Liner shipping 班轮运输Charter party = C/P 租船合同Voyage charter party 航次租船合同Single trip C/P 单航次合同Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次合同Consecutive return trip C/P 连续往返航次租船合同Contract of affreightment 包运租船合同Standard form 标准合同形式Gencon “金康”合同Safety port clause 安全港条款Always floating clause 永远漂浮状态条款Time charter party 定期租船合同Baltime 波尔泰定期租船合同Bareboat charter party = charter by demise 光船租赁合同Contract of affreightment 海上货物运输包运合同/海上货物运输总合同Combined transport 联合运输Combined transport contract 多式联运合同Frustration 合同受阻Due diligence to make the ship seaworthiness 谨慎处理使船舶处于适航的状态Deviation 绕航Freight 运费Freight prepaid 预付运费Freight to collect 到付运费Dead freight 亏舱费/空舱费Demurrage 滞期费General average contribution 共同海损费用Package limitation of liability 单位责任限制Sea waybill 海运单Bill of lading = B/L 提单Prima facie evidence 初步证据Conclusive evidence 绝对证据Shipped (or on board) B/L 已装船提单Received for shipped B/L 收货待运提单/备运提单Dock receipt 场站收据Straight B/L 记名提单Bearer B/L = open or blank B/L 不记名提单/空白提单/持票人提单Bearer 持有人To bearer 交与持有人Order B/L 指示提单To order 凭指示To order of ... 凭某某人指示Clean B/L 清洁提单In apparent good order and condition 上列外表状况良好Unclean B/L = claused B/L = foul B/L 不清洁提单Mate's receipt 大副收据Letter of indemnity 保函Long form B/L 全式提单/繁式提单Short form B/L 简式提单/略式提单Direct B/L 直达提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单through B/L 联运提单Ocean through B/L 海上联运提单Contracting carrier 订约承运人Successive carriers 连续的承运人On-carrier 接运承运人Actual carrier 实际承运人Pure ocean through B/L 纯海上联运提单Combined transport B/L 多式联运提单Liner B/L 班轮提单Charter party B/L 租船提单On deck B/L 舱面提单/甲板提单On deck risk 甲板险Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Electronic B/L 电子提单CMI Rules for Electronic Bill of Lading 《国际海事委员会电子提单规则》Vessel and nationality 船名和船舶国籍Ports of loading and unloading and of call 装货地和目的地或中途停靠港地Description ofgoods,marks,packages,numbers, measurement or weight 货物品名、标志、包装、件数、体积或重量Freight and charges 运费和应当给付承运人的其他费用Date of signing at ... 提单签发的日期、地点和分数Signed by carrier master 承运人或船长签署Name of vessel 船名Carrier 承运人Shipper 托运人Consignee 收货人Notify party 通知人To be notified 需通知Freight payment 运费支付Jurisdiction clause 管辖权条款Paramount clause 首要条款Carrier's liability clause 承运人责任条款Period of carrier's responsibility clause 承运人责任期间条款Loading,Discharging and Delivery Clause 装货、卸货和交货条款Package limitation 赔偿责任限额Deck cargo and live animals clause 甲板货和活动物条款Cargo in container clause 集装箱货物条款Forwarding,Substitute of vessel,Through carriage and Transhipment clause 转运、换船、联运与转船条款General average clause 共同海损条款New Jason Clause 新杰森条款Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款Original B/L 正本提单Copy 副本Non-negotiable 不能流通Letter of indemnity 保函Defraud a third party 对第三者有欺诈的意图Endorsement 背书Assignor 出让人Assignee 受让人Endorsement in blank 空白背书Special endorsement 特定背书International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bill of Lading = The Hague Rules 《统一提单的若干法律规定的国际公约》/《海牙规则》From tackle to tackle “钩至钩”原则Common carrier 公共承运人Private carrier 私人承运人Harter Act 《哈特法》Seaworthiness 船舶适航的标准Loading 装货Handling 搬移Stowage 配载Carrying 运送Custody and caring 保管和照料Discharging 卸货Navigation of ship 驾驶船舶Management of ship 管理船舶Actual fault or privity 实际过失或私谋Inherent vice 固有缺陷Latent defect 潜在缺陷Ejusdem genesis rule 同类规则Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading = The Visby Rules 《关于修订统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约议定书》/《维斯比规则》Special drawing right = SDR 特别提款权Breach of contract 违约Tort 侵权行为Himalayan clause 喜马拉雅条款Independent contractor 独立的承包商United Nations Convention on Carriage of Goods by Sea 《1978年联合国海上货物运输公约》/《汉堡规则》Common understanding 共同谅解书International multimodal transport 国际多式联运International multimodal transport of goods 国际货物多式联运Container 集装箱Container freight station = CFS 集装箱货运站Port to port 港到港Door to door 门到门运输Uniform Rules for a Combined Transport Document 1973 《联运单证统一规则》Combined transport operator 多式联运经营人/联运人Principal 本人Multimodal transport document 多式联运单证Ocean bill of lading 海洋提单Way bill 铁路运单Air waybill 航空货运单/空运单Convention for Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Transportation by Air = Warsaw Convention 《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约》/1929年《华沙公约》Hague Protocal 《修改1927年10月12日在华沙签订的国际航空运输某些规则的公约的议定书》/《海牙议定书》Guadalajara convention 《统一非订约承运人所办国际航空运输某些规则以补充华沙公约的公约》/《瓜达拉哈拉公约》Air consignment note = ACN 空运单证/空运托运单CIM 国际铁路货物运输公约CMR 国际公路货物运输公约Wilful misconduct 故意的不当行为Insurance broker 保险经纪人The slip 承保条Insurance policy 保险单Marine insurance 海上保险/水险Valued policy 定值保单Valued insurance 定值保险合同Unvalued policy 不定值保单Unvalued insurance 不定值保险合同Voyage 航程保单Time policy 定期保单Open policy 预约保险合同/预约保单/开口保单Original slip 原始承保条Floating policy 流动保险合同/流动保单Insurable interest 保险利益/可保利益Legal interest 法律所认可的利益Pecuniary interest 经济上的利益Definite interest 确定的利益Utmost good faith 绝对诚信Disclosure 告知Warranty 保证Promissory warranty 允诺的担保Principle of indemnity 损失补偿Proximate 近因原则Perils of the sea 海上风险/海难Natural calamity 自然灾害Fortuitous accidents 意外事故Extraneous risks 外来风险Total loss 全部损失Actual total loss 实际全损Constructive total (loss) 推定全损Partial loss 部分损失Particular average = P.A. 单独海损General average = G.A. 共同海损General average contribution 共同海损分摊Sue and labour expenses 诉讼与营救费用Salvage charges 救助费用Abandonment 委付Subrogation 代位求偿Free from particular average 平安险/单独海损不赔With particular average 水渍险All risks 一切险Additional risks 附加险General additional risks 一般附加险Theft,pilferage and non-delivery 偷窃提货不着险Rain fresh water damage 淡水雨淋险Risk of shortage 短量险Risk of contamination 玷污险Risk of leakage 渗漏险Risk of clashing & breakage 碰损破碎险Risk of odour 串味险Damage caused by sweating & or heating 受潮受热险Risk damage 钩损险Loss of damage caused by breakage of packing 包装破裂险Risk of rusting 锈损险Special additional risk 特别附加险War risk 战争险Strikes risk 罢工险On deck risk 舱面险Import duty risk 进口关税险Rejection risk 拒收险Failure to deliver risk 交货不到险第四章国际贸易结算与支付法律制度International payment 国际支付Foreign exchange control 外汇管制International Monetary Fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织Forward transaction 远期外汇交易Swap transaction 掉期交易Currency option 外币期权交易Bill 票据Drawer 出票人Drawee = payer受票人/付款人Payee 受款人Negotiation 权利转让Assignment 债权让与Predecessors 前手Holder for value 付了对价的持票人Holder in due course 正当持票人Protected holder 受保护持票人Bill of exchange = draft = bill 汇票Promissory note 本票Check = cheque 支票Issue 出票Preparation 做成Delivery 交付Endorsement 背书Presentment 提示Acceptance 承兑Payment 付款Dishonour 拒付Recourse 追索Electronic funds transfer = EFT 电子资金划拨Originator 发端人Beneficiary 受益人Originator's bank 发端人银行/接受发端人支付指令的银行Intermediary bank 中间银行Beneficiary's bank 受益人银行Remittance 汇付/顺汇Reverse remittance 逆汇Collection 托收Letter of credit 信用证Remitter 汇款人Remitting bank 汇出行Paying bank 汇入行Payee 收款人Mail transfer = M/T 信汇Telegraphic transfer = T/T 电汇Demand draft = D/D 票汇Payment in advance 预付货物Payment after arrival of goods 货到付款Banker's demand draft 银行即期汇票Remittance against documents 凭单付款Principal = customer 委托人/本人/（银行的）客户Subagent 代理人的代理人Remittance letter 托收委托书Privity of contract 合同关系Remitting bank 托收行Collecting bank 代收行Drawee 付款人/汇票受票人Clean collection 光票托收Documentary collection 跟单托收Documents against payment = D/P 付款交单Documents against acceptance = D/A 承兑交单Uniform Rules on the Collection = URC 《托收统一规则》URC522 Collection order 托收指令Collection instruction 托收指示Discount 贴现Application form 开证申请书Applicant 开证申请人Issuing bank 开证行Advising bank 通知行Beneficiary 受益人Negotiating bank 议付行Confirming bank 保兑行Paying bank 付款行Transferee = second beneficiary 受让人/第二受益人L/C:Letter of Credit（信用证）Reimbursing bank 偿付银行/清算银行Documentary L/C 跟单信用证Clean L/C 光票信用证Revocable L/C 可撤销信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Divisible L/C 可分割信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Non-revolving L/C 非循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Standby L/C 备用信用证/担保信用证/保证信用证/履约信用证Binding promise 有约束力的允诺Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit = UCP 《跟单信用证统一惯例》UCP600 All discrepancies 全部不符点Accounting receivable = A/R 应收账款Factoring 保理Forfaiting = invoice discounting 福费廷/发票贴现/包买票据Securitization 资产证券化Project financing 项目融资The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law = UNCITRAL 联合国国际贸易法委员会Origin contract 原始合同Assignment contract 转让合同Assignment 转让Assignor 转让人Assignee 受让人Obligor 债务人Subsequent assignment 后继转让Assignment of international receivables 国际应收款的转让International assignment of receivables 应收款的国际转让Notification of the assignment 转让通知Payment instruction 付款指示Competing creditors 竞合求偿人Trust receipt T/P 信托收据International factoring 国际保付代理/国际保理第五章WTO与中国的对外贸易管理制度GATT 关税与贸易总协定WTO 世界贸易组织IMF 国际货币基金组织Round （各轮贸易谈判）回合Plurilateral trade agreement 诸边贸易协议/复边贸易协议Marrakesh Agreement onEstablishing the World Trade Organization 《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》/《WTO协定》Forum 场所Doha development agenda = DDA 多哈发展议程Contracting party 缔约方Member 成员方Separate customs territory 单独关税区Chinese Taipei 中华台北Free riding 免费搭车Ministerial conference 部长会议General council 总理事会Council 理事会Committee 委员会Dispute Settlement Body & Appellate Body 争端解决机构与上诉机构Secretariat 秘书处Most-favored-nation Treatment = MFN 最惠国待遇原则GSP 普遍优惠制Enabling clause 授权条款National treatment 国民待遇GATS 《服务贸易总协定》Schedule 减让表TRIPS 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》Transparency 透明度原则Decision: Accession of the People's Republic of China 《关于中华人民共和国加入的决定》Protocol on the Accession of the People's Republic of China 《中华人民共和国加入WTO议定书》Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China 《中国加入工作组报告》Protocol of Provisional Application = PPA = Grandfather clause 《临时适用议定书》/祖父条款Marrakesh Protocol to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 《1994年GATT马拉喀什议定书》1.Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协定》2.Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures = SPS 《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》3.Agreement on Textiles and Clothing = ATC 《纺织品与服装协定》Multifibre Arrangement = MFA 《国际纺织品贸易协定》/《多种纤维协定》4.Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade = TBT 《技术性贸易壁垒协定》5.Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures = TRIMs 《与贸易有关的投资措施协定》/TRIMs 协议6.Agreement on Antidumping = AD 《反倾销协定》Material injury 实质性损害7.Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade《海关估价协定》/《关于履行GATT1994第7条的协定》8.Agreement on Preshipment Inspection = PSI 《装运前检验协定》9.Agreement on Rules of Origin = RO 《原产地规则协定》10.Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 《进口许可程序协定》11.Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures = SCM 《补贴与反补贴措施协定》/《反补贴协定》12.Agreement on Safeguards = SG 《保障措施协定》Serious injury 严重损害General Agreement on Trade in services = GATS 《服务贸易总协定》Specific commitments 具体承诺开价单Schedule of specific commitments 具体义务承诺表Cross-border supply 跨境提供Consumption abroad 境外消费Commercial presence 商业存在Movement of personnel 自然人流动Horizontal commitments 水平承诺Sector-specific commitments 部门承诺Plurilateral trade agreement 复边协议Trade Policy Review Mechanism = TPRM 贸易政策评审机制Sunset clause 日落条款Material injury 实质损害Close Economic Partnership Arrangement = CEPA 《内地与香港/澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement = ECFA 《两岸经济合作架构协议》第六章国际投资法UNCTAD 联合国贸发会议Equity joint venture 中外合资经营企业/股权式合营企业Contractual joint venture 中外合作经营企业/契约式合营企业Wholly owned foreign enterprise 外商独资企业Build-Operate-Transfer = BOT 建设——经营——转让Build-Own-Operate-Transfer = BOOT 建设——拥有——经营——转让Build-Own-Operate = BOO 建设——拥有——经营Build-Lease-Transfer = BLT 建设——租赁——转让Build-Transfer-Operate = BTO 建设——转让——经营Stabilization clause 稳定条款Lex contractus = law of the parties 契约条款法/当事人法Association of Southeast Asian Nations = ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟/东盟North America Free Trade Agreement = NAFTA 《北美自由贸易协定》FTAA 美洲自由贸易区Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States 《解决国家与他国国民之间投资争议公约》/《华盛顿公约》International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes = ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency = MIGA 《多边投资担保机构公约》/《汉城公约》Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures = TRIMs 《与贸易有关的投资措施协定》/TRIMs 协议第七章国际金融法Bank for International Settlement = BIS 国际清算银行Purchase 购买Repurchase 重购Draw 提取Special drawing right = SDR 特别提款权World Bank Group = WBG 世界银行集团The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development = IBRD 国际复兴开发银行The International Finance Corporation = IFC 国际金融公司The International Development Association = IDA 国际开发协会International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes = ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency = MIGA 多边投资担保机构Operations evaluation department = OED 评价检查部门Hard loan 硬贷款/世界银行贷款Soft loan 软贷款/国际开发协会援助贷款Blend 混合贷款United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations 联合国跨国公司中心The Basle Committee on Banking Supervision 巴塞尔银行监管委员会London Inter-Bank Offered Rated = LIBOR 伦敦同业银行拆放率Definition and interpretation 定义与释义Loan currency 贷款货币Loan amount 贷款金额Purpose for loan 贷款的用途Condition precedent 贷款的先决条件条款Final maturity and disbursement 贷款期限和发放Interest rate and interest 贷款的利率和利息Representation and warranties 陈述与保证Covenant 约定事项Negative pledge 消极保证条款/保证不作为条款Pari passu covenant 平等地位条款Financial covenant 财务约定事项Repayment 贷款的偿还Pre-repayment 贷款的提前偿还Governing law and jurisdiction 法律适用和司法管辖条款Assignment 权利或义务的让与Set-off 抵消条款Events of default 违约事件条款Syndicated loan = Corporate Finance 国际辛迪加贷款/国际商业银团贷款/银团贷款Lead manager 经理行Term sheet 贷款条件清单Mandate letter 委任书Commitment letter 义务承担书Information memorandum 信息备忘录Novation = substitution 更新/合同更新/合同替代Assignment 让与Sub-loans 转贷款Transferable loan certificate = TLC 可转让贷款证Transferable participating certificate = TPC 可转让贷款参与证Transferable loan instrument = TLI 可转让贷款票据Lead manager 牵头银行/经理银行Agent bank 代理银行Participant 参与贷款银行Project finance 国际项目贷款Take or pay contract 提货或付款协议第八章知识产权国际保护的法律制度Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights = TRIPS 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》Convention Establishing World Intellectual Property Organization 《建立世界知识产权组织公约》World Intellectual Property Organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 《保护工业产权巴黎公约》Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary andArtistic Works 《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》/《伯尔尼公约》Universal Copyright Convention 《世界版权公约》Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations = Rome Convention 《保护表演者、录音制品制作者与广播组织罗马公约》Copyright and Related Rights 版权和邻接权Trademark 商标Geographical indications 地理标志Industrial designs 工业品外观设计Patent 专利权Cross-license 交叉许可Layout-designs of integrate circuits 集成电路布图设计/拓扑图IPIC 《集成电路知识产权条约》/《IPIC 条约》Protection of undisclosed information 未披露信息的保护Contractual licences 协议许可Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 《商标国际注册马德里协定》/《马德里协定》Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purpose of the Registration of Marks 《商标注册用商品和服务国际分类尼斯协定》/《尼斯协定》Hologram mark 全息商标Patent Co-operation Treaty 《专利合作条约》International Patent Classification = IPC 国际专利分类法第九章国际税法Tax residence 税收居所The source of income 所得来源地/所得来源国Substantial presence test 实际存在标准OECD 经济合作与发展组织The tie-breaker clause 序列选择性冲突规范的解决原则Effective management 实际管理Principle of permanent establishment 常设机构原则Distinct place 显著的地点Stability, productivity, dependence 稳定性、生产性和依附性Associated permanent establishment 关联性常设机构Unassociated permanent establishment 非关联性常设机构Dependent agent 非独立地位的代理人Principle of fixed base 固定基地原则International doublenon-taxation 国际双重免税Tax-systematic double taxation 税制性双重征税Juridical double taxation 法律性双重征税Economic double taxation 经济性双重征税Method of tax exemption 免税法/豁免法Method of full exemption 全额免税法Method of exemption with progression 累进免税法Method of tax deduction 扣除法Method of tax credit = foreign tax credit 抵免法/外国税收抵免Full credit 全额抵免Ordinary credit 限额抵免/普通抵免Limitation on credit 抵免限额Direct credit 直接抵免Indirect credit 间接抵免Dividend-deduction system 股息扣除制Split-rate system 分劈税率制/双税率制Imputation credit system 归集抵免制/估算抵免制Schedular treatment 其他处理法International tax sparing credit = shadow tax credit 国际税收绕让抵免/饶让抵免/影子税收抵免/虚构抵免Tax evasion 逃税Tax avoidance 避税Tax refugee 税收逃难者Associated enterprises 跨国关联企业/联属企业Transfer pricing = Transferring price 转移定价/转让价格/划拨价格Arm's length deal 公平市场上的正常交易Tax haven 避税港/避税地Base company 基地公司Thin capitalization 资本弱化Foreign source income 外国来源所得Deferral of domestic taxation 延期纳税/国内纳税递延Unitary entity theory 单一实体论Separate entity theory 独立实体论Controlled foreign company =CFC 受控外国公司Agreement on Exchange of Information in Tax Matters 《税收事务情报交换协定》International tax treaty 国际税收协定/国际税收条约Tax treaty shopping 滥用国际税收协定/套用税收协定Direct conduit company 直接导管公司Stepping-stone conduit company 踏脚导管公司The abstinence approach 禁止法The exclusion approach 排除法The look-through approach 透视法Beneficiary owner 受益所有人The subject-to-tax approach 征税法The channel approach 渠道法The derivative approach 衍生法第十章国际经济争端处理法律制度Mediation or conciliation 调解Arbitration 仲裁/公断International arbitration =Inter-state arbitration国际仲裁/国家间仲裁Domestic arbitration 国内仲裁International commercial arbitration = transnational arbitration 国际商事仲裁/跨国仲裁Subject-matter 客体Commercial 商事Arbitration court of International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会仲裁院CIETAC 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会CMAC 中国海事仲裁委员会Arbitration clause 仲裁条款Submission agreement 仲裁议定书Lex arbitri 仲裁地法Country of origin 裁决地法Delocalized arbitration 非内国化或非地方化仲裁Anchored 定位于Floating 浮动的Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes = DSU 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Dispute settlement body = DSB 争端解决机构Negative consensus 全体一致否决/反向协商一致Good offices, conciliation, mediation 斡旋、调解和调停Composition 组成Compliance panel 相符性专家组/21.5条专家组.。