托福全真试题

托福真题：托福考试全真试题测试-托福真题托福考试全真试题测试Questions 1-9ocean bottom ------a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of theEarth ----is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Untilabout a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneathwaters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without ligh t and subjected to intensepressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth s sur face, the deep-ocean bottomis a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidd ing and remote as the voidof outer space.researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments forover a century, the first detailed global investigation of t he ocean bottom did notactually start until 1968, with the beginning of the Nationa l Science Foundation s DeepSea Drilling Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed f or the offshore oil andgas industry, the DSDP s drill ship, theGlomar Challenger, w as able to maintain asteady position on the ocean s surface and drill in very d eep waters, extracting samplesof sediments and rock from the ocean floor.Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program thatended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged600,000 kilometers andtook almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rock s at 624 drilling sitesaround the world. The Glomar Challenger s core samples have allowed geologiststo reconstruct what the planet looked like hundred of millio ns of years ago and tocalculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largelyon the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Chall enger s voyages, nearlyall earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonic s and continental drift thatexplain many of the geological processes that shape the Eart h.cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challengerhave also yieldedinformation critical to understanding the world s past climat es. Deep-ocean sedimentsprovide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of million s of years, because theyare largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the int ense chemical and biologicalactivity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record hasalready provided insights into the patterns and causes of pa st climatic change ---information that may be used to predict future climates.1.The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in line 2 because it(A)is not a popular area for scientific research(B)contains&n[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试bsp;a wide variety of life forms(C)attracts courageous explorers(D)is an unknown territory2.The word "inaccessible" in line 3 is closest in meaning t o(A)unrecognizable(B)unreachable(C)unusable(D)unsafe3.The author mentions outer space in line 7 because(A)the Earth s climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space.(B)it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment(C)rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor(D)techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in oceanexploration4. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?(A) It is a type of submarine.(B) It is an ongoing project.(C) It has gone on over 100 voyages(D) It made its first DSDP voyage in 19685. The word " extracting " in line 13 is closest in meani ng to(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing6. The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was(A) an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas(B) the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom(C) composed of geologists form all over the world(D) funded entirely by the gas and oil industry7. The word " strength " in line21 is closest in meaningto(A)basis(B)purpose(C)discovery(D)endurance8.The word " they " in line26 refers to(A)years(B)climates(C)sediments(D)cores9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep SeaDrilling Project?(A) Geologists were able to determine the Earth s appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.(B) Two geological theories became more widely accepted(C) Information was revealed about the Earth s past climatic changes.(D) Geologists observed forms of marine life never before se en.VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSIONQuestions 1-13tmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. Butplants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pum p water to its very top,more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of th e nineteenth century , themovement of water s in trees and other talls plants was a mystery. Some botanistshypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps, but many experimentsdemonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cell s are killed can still movewater to appreciable heights. Other explanations for&nb上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试sp;the movement of water in plantshave been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom ofthe plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of talltrees, Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees have unusually lowroot pressures.water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, .and if it is not pushed, to the top of atall tree, then we may ask. How does it get there? Accordi ng to the currently acceptedcohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in aplant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost fromthe surface of the leaves,a negative pressure or tension is created. The evaporatedwater is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns thatextend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same for ces that create surface tensionin any sample of water .are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columnsof water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bo re, the forces of cohestion(the attraction between water molecules) arc so great that t he strength of a column ofwater compares with the strength of a. steel wire of the s ame diameter. This cohesivestrength permits columns of water to be pulled to great hei ghts without being broken.1. How many theories does the author mention?(A) One(B) Two(C) Three(D) Four2. The passage answers which of the following questions ?(A) What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?(B) When do dead cells harm plant growth?(C) How does water get to the tops of trees?(D) Why is root pressure weak?3. The word "demonstrated" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A)ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished4. What do the experiments mentioned in lines 6-8 prove?(A) Plant stems die when deprived of water.(B) Cells in plant sterns do not pump water.(C) Plants cannot move water to high altitudes.(D) Plant cells regulate pressure within stems.5. How do botanists know that root pressure is not the onl y force that moves water in plants?(A) Some very tall trees have weak root pressure.(B) Root pressures decrease in winter.(C) Plants can live after their roots die.(D) Water in a plant s roots is not connected to water in its stem.6. Which of the following statements上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试does the passage support?(A) Water is pushed to the tops of trees.(B) Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps.(C) Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall tr ees.(D) Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants.7. The word "it" in line 13 refers to(A) top(B) tree(C) water(D) cohesion-tension theory8. The word "there" in line 15 refers to(A)treetops(B) roots(C) water columns(D) tubes9. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?(A) Humidity(B) Plant growth(C) Root pressure(D) Evaporation10. The word "extend" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate11.According to the passage, why does water travel through p lants in unbroken columns?(A) Root pressure moves the water very rapidly.(B) The attraction between water molecules is strong.(C) The living cell of plants push the water molecules toge ther.(D) Atmospheric pressure supports the columns.12. Why does the author mention steel wire in line 24?(A) To illustrate another means of pulling water(B) To demonstrate why wood is a good building material(C) To indicate the size of a column of winter(D) To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water13. Where in the passage does the author give an example of a plant with low root pressure?(A.) Lines 3-5(B) Lines 6-8(C) Lines 11-12(D) Lines 13-14Structure and Written ExpressionTime: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) N ow set your clock for 25 minutes.Structure1 Amber comes____from the resins of pine trees that grew in Northern Europe millions of years ago. (A) chiefly (B) and chiefly (C) it is chiefly (D) since it is chiefly2 An adult human must take eight steps to go ____as a gir affe does in one stride.(A) as far (B) the farther (C) how far (D) farther3 When the focus of a pair of binoculars is adjusted, ____ into view.(A) bringing distant objects (B) distant objects can be brou ght (C) and bring distant objects(D) to bring distant objects4 From the Iroquois tradition of behind-the-scenes political participation by women, Alice Jemison acquire d a self-confidence that ____in her later crusades.(A) her served well (B) served well her (C) served her wel l (D) her well served5 Because of its importance in modern living, ____in all pa rts of the world.(A) algebra is&上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试nbsp;studied in schools and colleges (B) studying algebra in schools and colleges(C) and the study of algebra in school and colleges (D) in schools and colleges are algebra studies6 ____in the diet is especially important for vegetarians.(A) Enough protein is obtained (B) Obtaining enough protein(C) They obtain enough protein(D) By obtaining enough protein7 The early work of Edith Wharton ____the relationship betwe en the individual and the community.(A) focuses attention on (B) focusing the attention on (C) the attention focused on(D) is the attention and locus8 Archaeologists know ____35,000 years ago, but it is still unclear for precisely what purpose.(A) drawing being practiced (B) when the practice of drawing(C) that drawing was practiced(D) practicing of drawing9 Coral reefs owe their brilliant colors to algae ____in sy mbiosis with coral polyps.(A) that live (B) do they live (C) why they live (D) live10 The specialized nature of anthropological research makes _ ___that various to determine theirsimilarities and differences.(A) imperative is (B) it imperative (C) it is imperative (D ) it is an imperative11 Watercolor provides a brilliant transparency and freshness, ____it allows extraordinarily freebrushwork.(A) that (B) during (C) which (D) and12 The common cold, normally ____illness, can seriously threa ten the health of postoperativepatients.(A) can be minor (B) as minor (C) minor an (D) a minor13 Commercial expansion from city to suburb has affected the way people in the United States___.(A) living and working (B) they live and work (C) live and work (D) to live and to work14 Only recently ___possible to separate the components of f ragrant substances and to determinetheir chemical composition.(A) it becomes (B) having become (C) has it become (D) whi ch becomes15 Charles Lindbergh told reporters ___never been deterred fr om attempting to cross the Atlanticalone even though others had failed.(A) that he had (B) that he had it (C) had it (D) his h avingTime: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly develope d of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female repr oductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in somecases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding th上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试e column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of thepetals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatic ally marked as an unmistakable landingstrip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 d ifferent aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, s pecies of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.the right insect has been attracted, some orchidspresent all sorts of one-way obstaclecourses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has be en accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptation s to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampantcrossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same timethey have made themselves irresistible to collectors.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers(D) Perfume2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can bemade from it(D) the length of its life3 The word "fused" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one tim e?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,0005 Which of the following is a kind of petal?(A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word "lure" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by w hich an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word "their" in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents do es the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blo ssom.(B) Harmful insects are repelled by them. &n上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试bsp;(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word "placed" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word "discrete" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalQuestion 13-22of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950 s and1960 s on the schools. In the 1920 s, but especially in t he Depression conditions of the 1930 s,the United States experienced a declining birth rate -every thousand women aged fifteen toforty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89.2 i n 1930,75.8 in 1936,and 80 in1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economicboom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began toraise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Alth ough economics was probably themost important determinant, it is not the only explanation f or the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea o f the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rate s. The baby boomersbegan streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940 s and became a flood by 1950. The public school syste m suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoo lchildren rose becauseof wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less preparedto cope with the flood. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their prof ession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.in the 1950 s and 1960 s, The baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930 s and early 1940 s no longer madesense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out o f the labor market by keeping them inschool could no longer be a high priority for an institutio n unable to find space and staff to teachyounger children aged five to sixteen. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymeninterested in education inevitably turned toward the lower gr ades and back to basic academicskills and discipline.上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试The system no longer had much interest in offering nontradit ional, new, andextra services to older youths.13 What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The teaching profession during the baby boom(B) Birth rates in the United States in the 1930 s and 1940(C) The impact of the baby boom on public education(D) The role of the family in the 1950 s and 1960 s14 The word "it" in line 11 refers to(A) 19550(B) economics(C) the baby boom(D) value15 The word "overtaxed" in line 14 is closest in meaning t o(A) well prepared(B) plentifully supplied(C) heavily burdened(D) charged too much16 The public school of the 1950 s and 1960 s faced all of the following problems EXCEPT(A) a declining number of students(B) old-fashioned facilities(C) a shortage of teachers(D) an inadequate number of school buildings17 According to the passage, why did teachers leave the tea ching profession after the outbreak of the war?(A) The needed to be retrained(B) They were dissatisfied with the curriculum.(C) Other jobs provided higher salaries.(D) Teaching positions were scarce.18 The word "inadequate" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) deficient(B) expanded(C) innovative(D) specialized19 The "custodial rhetoric" mentioned in line 21 refers to(A) raising a family(B) keeping older individuals in school(C) running an orderly house hold(D) maintaining discipline in the classroom20 The word "inevitably" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) unwillingly(B) impartially(C) irrationally(D) unavoidably21 Where in the passage does the author refer to the attit ude of Americans toward raising a family in the 1950 s and 1960 s?(A) Lines 1-3(B) Lines 11-12(C) Lines 20-21(D) Lines 24-2622 Which of the following best characterizes the organization of the passage?(A) The second paragraph presents the effect of circumstances described in the first paragraph.(B) The second paragraph provides a fictional account to ill ustrate a problem presented in the first paragraph.(C) The second paragraph argues against a point made in the first paragraph.(D) The second paragraph introduces a problem not mentioned in the first paragraph.Structure and Written ExpressionTime: 25 minutes (including the reading of theow set your clock for 25 minutes.1. A microscope can reveal vastly ______detail than is visi上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试ble to the naked eye.(A) than (B) than more (C) more than (D) more2. Narcissus bulbs ______ at least three inches apart and c overed with about four inches of well drained soil.(A) should be planted (B) to plant (C) must planting (D ) should plant3. Industrialization has been responsible for ______ most rad ical of the environmental changes caused by humans.(A) a (B) the (C) some of which (D) which are the4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land ______ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit (B) without permitting (C) nor permitt ing (D) do not permit5. Color and light, taken together, ______ the aesthetic imp act of the interior of a building.(A) very powerfully influence(B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully very influence(D) influence powerfully very6. ______ that Rachel Carson’s1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the developmen t of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely (B) Likely to be (C) It is likely (D) Likely7. Total color blindness, ______, is the result of a defect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that (B) a rare condition (C) that a rare condition (D) is a rare condition8. ______ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused t o the rest of the world.(A) Even (B) But (C) Although (D) So9. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing seas on, life is ______ in various forms.(A) abundant (B) the abundance (C) an abundant (D) it abund ant10. In her time, Isadora Duncan was ______ today a liberated woman.(A) calling what we would (B) who would be calling (C) wha t we would call (D) she would call it11. ______ around stones that are sun-warmed, even the smallest of stones creates tiny currents of warm air.(A) The cool air (B) If the air is cool (C) That the air cools (D) The cooler the air12. Despite its wide range of styles and instrumentation, co untry music has certain common features ______ its own speci al character.(A) give it that (B) that give it (C) give that (D) that gives it to13. Most of ______ archaeologists know about prehistoric cult ures is based on studies of material remains.(A) these (B) what (C) which (D) their14. According to some cities, the novels of William Burrough s demonstrate the major hazard of absurd literature, ______ tendency toward overembellishment and incoherence.(A) not withstanding (B) besides&上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试nbsp;(C) is a (D) its15. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920’s______ in blues music. (A) was one of the greatest periods(B) one of the greatest periods(C) was of the greatest periods(D) the greatest periodsReading ComprehensionTime: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1--10word laser was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the StimulatedEmission of Radiation. Ordinary light, from the Sun or a li ght bulb, is emittedspontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess ene rgy by themselves, withoutany outside intervention . Stimulated emission is different b ecause it occurs when anatom or molecule holding onto excess energy has been stimula ted to emit it as light.Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in apaper published in 1917. However , for many years physicists thought that atoms andmolecules always were much more likely to emit light spontan eously and that stimulatedemission thus always would be much weaker. It was not until after the Second WorldWar that physicists began trying to make stimulated emission dominate. They soughtways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many oth er to emit light ,amplifying it to much higher powers.The first to succeed was Charles H.Townes, then at Col ombia University in NewYork . Instead of working with light , however, he worked with microwaves, which havea much longer wavelength, and built a device he called a " maser" for MicrowaveAmplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Althoug h he thought of thekey idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later. Beforelong, many other physicists were building masers and trying to discover how to producestimulated emission at even shorter wavelength.The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at BellTelephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the cond itions needed to amplifystimulated emission of visible light waves. At about the sam e time, similar ideascrystallized in the mind of Gordon Gould, then a 37- year-old graduate student atColumbia, who wrote them down in a series of notebooks. Tow nes and Schawlowpublished their ideas in a scientific journal, Physical Revie w Letter, but Gould filed apatent application. Three decades later, people still argue a bout who deserves the creditfor the concept of the laser.1. The word上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>托福考试全真试题测试"coin" in line 1 could be replaced by(A) created(B) mentioned(C) understood(D) discovered2. The word "intervention" in line 4 can best be replaced by(A) need(B) device(C) influence(D) source3. The word "it" in line 5 refers to(A) light bulb(B) energy(C) molecule(D) atom4. Which of the following statements best describes a laser?(A) A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit li ght(B) An atom in a high-energy state(C) A technique for destroying atoms or molecules(D) An instrument for measuring light waves5. Why was Towne’s early work with stimulated emission done with microwaves?(A) He was not concerned with light amplification(B) It was easier to work with longer wavelengths.(C) His partner Schawlow had already begun work on the lase r.(D) The laser had already been developed6. In his research at Columbia University, Charles Townes wo rked with all of the following EXCEPT。

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TOEFL全真试题1Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat inwhich it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题2Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, oftendistorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelledby them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited (D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题31. A microscope can reveal vastly ______detail than is visible to the naked eye.(A) than(B) than more(C) more than(D) more 2. Narcissus bulbs ______ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drained soil.(A) should be planted(B) to plant(C) must planting(D) should plant 3. Industrialization has been responsible for ______ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humans.(A) a (B) the(C) some of which (D) which are the 4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land ______ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit(B) without permitting(C) nor permitting(D) do not permit 5. Color and light, taken together, ______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.(A) very powerfully influence (B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully very influence(D) influence powerfully very 6. ______ that Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely(B) Likely to be(C) It is likely(D) Likely7. Total color blindness, ______, is the result of a defect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that(B) a rare condition(C) that a rare condition (D) is a rare condition8. ______ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the world.(A) Even(B) But(C) Although (D) So9. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ______ in various forms.(A) abundant (B) the abundance(C) an abundant(D) it abundantTOEFL全真试题4Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes. Structure 1 Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by______ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch (B) watching (C) watched (D) watch 2 Thomas Edison s first patented invention was a device ____in Congress.(A) votes counted for (B) had been counting votes (C) for counting votes (D) be a counted vote3 Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1992 s,retired______she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless (B) in spite of (C) because (D) and for4 Built in 1882,the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058-foot length.(A) who (B) to whom (C) which they (D) that which5 A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people and vehicles that use it.(A) as well (B) so well (C) as well as (D) so well as6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each spring.(A) to returned (B) who returned (C) they returned (D) for returning7 In the fourteenth century, ____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery (B) it was discovered (C) with the discovery (D) if it was discovered8 _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A) When (B) Whereas (C) Which (D) Whether9 Many modem photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) than light is (B) than light (C) being light (D) light 10 For any adhesive to make a really strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely or grease.(A) and surfaces (B) when surfaces (C) the surfaces (D) surfaces that11 Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island.(A) brought (B) to be brought (C) being brought (D) is being brought12 _____unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) Fora star to become (B) how a star becomes (C) A star becomes(D) That a star is becoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860_____hard-wearing, easy-to-clean flooring.(A) any house did have (B) did any house have (C) house had any (D) any house had14 Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he was elected in 1870.(A) which (B) to which (C) and which (D) being which15 Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) to constantly flow into them (B) is constantly flowing into them (C) constantly flows into them (D) constantly flowing into them Written Expression16 Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein,__________ _____ _____A B C a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself.______D17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color._____ _____ _____ ______ A B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York metropolitan Opera, where her became_________ ___ A B C the star soprano.__D19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites.___ ___ ________ ______ A B C D20 Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate of farms____has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets._______ ________ ____ A B C D21 The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as ________ _____uniquely, innovative, and valuable._________ A B C D22 Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages _ ___________________of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.__________A B C D23 Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism in a____ _______ ______ _____ A B C D given poem.24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops.______ ___ _____ ____ A B C D25 The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commerciallyas bay leaves and are used for___________ ____ __ A B C seasoning foods.____D26 When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound.___ _____ _______ ____ A B C D27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of______ ______ _ ____ A B C D these adaptations.28 In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General, launched several programs to______ _____ A B address particulate problem that young people have.______ ______ C D29 Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible, _______ ________ A B and competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieve. _______ ________ C D30 The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve a________ ______ A B C carefully chosen goal.______D31 As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms._____ ______ _ ______ A B C D32 Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for many_____ ______ _______ A B C years, ceramics and glassware, although easily broken, survive well in the ground._____ D33 Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child-rearing, personality, and_____ _____ ________ A B C culture._____D34 The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for the_______ _____________ ____ A B C treatment of infectious diseases until 1940._______D35 In the United States, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen by ____ _______ __________ _____ A B C D the President to head an executive department of the government.36 Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the________ ____ A B American Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demands._____ ______ C D37 Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant material into ____ ____________ A B elements usable byplants.______ _____ C D38 Ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.__ ____ ___ ______ A B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenth century.__________________ ____ __________ A B C D40 Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influences on ________ _______ A B C education and thought in the United States and elsewhere.___ D。

2023年托福阅读全真试题2023年托福阅读全真试题Question 1-8When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center ofthe Earth in 1864， there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it contained a highly pressed ball of incandescent gas， while others suspected that it consisted of separate shells， each made of a different material. Today， well over a century later， there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our feet. Most of our knowledgeof the Earth's interior es not from mines or boreholes， but from the study of seismic waves - powerful pulses of energy released by earthquakes.In its high levels， the mantle is relatively cool; At greater depths， high temperatures make the rock behave more like a liquid than a solid. Deeper still，the pressure is even more intense， preventing the rock from melting in spite of a higher temperature.Beyond a depth of around 2，900 kilometers， a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent by it. From this and other evidence， geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid， with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron， mixed with smaller amounts of other elements such as nickel.The conditions in the Earth's core make it a far more alien world than space. Its solid iron heart is subjected to unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about 9，000oF. Although scientists can speculate about its nature， neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.1. The word “conflicting” in line 2 is closestin meaning to(A) controlling(B) outdated(C) opposing(D) important2. What is today's richest source of information about the Earth's interior for geologists?(A) Boreholes(B) Shells(C) Seismic waves(D) Mines3. The word “There” in line 16 refers to the(A) mantle(B) crust(C) seabed(D) Earth's center.4. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Earth's mantle?(A) Light， solid rock(B) Uniformity of position(C) Dramatically increasing pressure(D) pressed， incandescent gas5. The phrase “gives way to” in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) runs along(B) rubs against(C) turns into(D) floats on6. The word “it” in line 26 refers to(A) mantle(B) core(C) change(D) depth7. Why does the author state in line 30-31 that the Earth's core is “more alien” than space?(A) Gover____ent funds are not available to study the Earth's core.(B) Scientists aren't interested in the characteristics of the Earth's core.(C) It is impossible to go to the Earth's core to do research.(D) The Earth's core is made of elements that are dangerous to humans.8. The word “speculate” in line 33 is closest in meaning to(A) report(B) learn(C) worry(D) hypothesize Question 9-20。

91-01A1. (A) We heard her name mentioned.(B) Her aim was unclear.(C) It was hard to hear her name.(D) Her name wasn’t here.2. (A) I don’t want a roommate.(B) I have a specific roommate in mind.(C) It’s not a good idea to have a roommate.(D) Having a roommate is all right with me.听力资料汇总3. (A) She didn’t realize she should bring a present.(B) Her present was really very little.(C) Presents are not very important to her.(D) She didn’t know that the present would be for her.4. (A) Could you please close the door?(B) Is the door shut?(C) Did you want the door closed?(D) Why is the door shut?5. (A) We were sorry we couldn’t go to their wedding.(B) The fact that they got married still amazes us.(C) We’re getting married over the holidays.(D) In fact, they almost decided to get married.6. (A) It’s too bad we have so little time together.(B) We shouldn’t see each other so much.(C) All my free time is spent with you.(D) Please don’t spend so much money.7. (A) Although I used to watch television a lot, I hat it now.(B) I enjoy watching television, but not while I’m studying.(C) Many of the used television sets aren’t working now.(D) I can’t find the television stand I usually use.8. (A) This information is correct.(B) This is the right booth.(C) You can write away for the information.(D) You can get information over on the right.9. (A) He heard the noise.(B) He dropped the shelf.(C) He was injured.(D) He went downtown by himself.10. (A) What bus goes along this route?(B) How long should we wait for the bus?(C) This bus ride takes a very long time.(D) This is quite a large bus.iBT新托福听力背景词汇分类大集合11.12.13.14.15.16.17. (A) Jane walked right by the painting.(B) Does Jane really wish to purchase that painting?(C) Jane once bought that painting.(D) Does Jane want me to purchase her painting?(A) Henry sold his watch to Russ.(B) Henry bought a watch for Russ exactly like his.(C) Russ kept Henry’s watch for himself.(D) Russ got a watch just like Henry’s(A) What time is it?(B) Does it matter what time you come?(C) Please try to be prompt.(D) You must write the letter soon.(A) Carol did better than anyone else.(B) Carol learned more than her score indicates.(C) Carol told us about her grade.(D) Carol earned high wages working in a store.(A) There were quite a few students and teachers.(B) More students than teachers attended.(C) Everyone was counted.(D) The teachers wee excluded.(A) Nobody paused to talk to him.(B) He spoke to no one about the key.(C) He co uldn’t be prevented from speaking.(D) Nobody wanted to stop his talking.(A) These berries grow well.(B) The water isn't rough.(C) She seems very calm.(D) She sees very well.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26. (A) She stopped to feed the ducks.(B) She doesn’t seem to have much luck.(C) She stopped behind the truck.(D) She no longer gives the ducks food.(A) Telling him is a risk.(B) I have to tell him.(C) He told me it was a risk.(D) I’m going to risk not telling him.(A) They think alike.(B) They enjoy outdoor life.(C) They look out for each other.(D) They each have their own life-style.(A) He likes biology enough to continue with it.(B) His grades in science courses are very good.(C) He hasn’t taken enough courses in bio logy.(D) He doesn’t want to take any more science courses.(A) Rice should be served with the chicken.(B) The dishes here are never spicy.(C) There really is chicken in the salad.(D) Both the chicken dish and the salad taste spicy.(A) Sam’s knee should be better by now.(B) This isn’t a good time for Sam to quit.(C) The news about Sam is quite a surprise.(D) Sam should have stopped playing earlier.(A) She bought something for her aunt.(B) She missed it.(C) She was there only briefly.(D) She went to it on her way to the hospital.黄金口语80题范例(A) They work at the zoo.(B) They are going to do some artwork.(C) They enjoy watching elephants.(D) They are going to feed the elephants.(A) She’s working all the time.(B) She’s out all the time.(C) She works every other day.(D) She studies twice a day.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35. (A) Helping a friend find the right department.(B) Buying himself some shoes.(C) Taking a class at the gymnasium.(D) Returning a logging suit be bought.(A) Apologize to Donna.(B) Confront Donna directly.(C) Excuse Donna’s behavior.(D) Write Donna a letter.(A) She thinks the man’s joking.(B) The man needs to have his eyes examined.(C) The man should get some sleep.(D) The man is wise to study.(A) She’s putting it in a kennel.(B) Den is taking it on vacation.(C) It will accompany her.(D) It will be staying with Ken.(A) The man tends to repeat himself a lot.(B) The room was fixed at the man’s request.(C) She also finds it easier to work there now.(D) The man talks about working instead of doing it.(A) Bill doesn’t take good care of knives.(B) This matter doesn’t concern Bi ll.(C) He wants to find a better tool.(D) He wants Bill to fix the knife.(A) There’s going to be a wedding.(B) The people should lean that dance better.(C) Big dances are the most fun.(D) They need to print more invitations.针对口语一二题万能模版(A) It’s sure to be easy.(B) It’ll cost less than last year’s.(C) It might be difficult.(D) It starts after breakfast.(A) He likes to stay late every day.(B) He does it more often than he’d like.(C) He does it only occasionally.(D) He never volunteers to do it.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44. (A) Most students don’t know how to cook.(B) The dormitories have limited cooking facilities.(C) The dining hall serves steak regularly.(D) It’s cheaper than cooking for themselves.(A) Only graduate students.(B) Only undergraduate women.(C) Dormitory residents.(D) University faculty.(A) Sunday evenings.(B) Monday mornings.(C) Saturday mornings.(D) Saturday evenings.刘文勇黄金阅读(A) Three dollars.(B) A housing contract.(C) An identification card.(D) A meal ticket.(A) The slow service.(B) The meal schedule.(C) The quality of the food.(D) The inconvenient location.(A) On weekends.(B) Around holidays.(C) On weekday mornings.(D) On weekday evenings.(A) Reading.(B) Sleeping.(C) Doing research.(D) Planning a trip.(A) To discuss his trip to Mexico.(B) To bring him a message from Professor Grant.(C) To ask for help with an anthropology assignment.(D) To see what progress he’s made on his paper.(A) He can’t sleep at night.(B) He can’t find a quiet place to study.(C) He can’t narrow down his research topic.(D) He can’t find enough information for his research paper.45.46.47.48.49.50. (A) She has been to Mexico.(B) She assigns long research papers.(C) She teaches cultural anthropology.(D) She collects ancient relies.(A) It would require a trip to Mexico.(B) It’s too broad a topic to research.(C) He doesn’t have relevant resource material.(D) He’s not interested in that part of the world.(A) Caring for natural brushes.(B) Techniques for painting animals.(C) Types of watercolor brush-strokes.(D) Effects of different brush-strokes.(A) Red sable.(B) Camel hair.(C) Squirrel hair.(D) Sabeline.(A) They stay rigid.(B) They are affordable.(C) They are easy to use.(D) They come in large sizes.(A) Their size.(B) Their durability.(C) Their composition.(D) Their color.●如何把托福阅读28+●托福阅读背景知识●托福写作万能写作模板●托福写作高分模板●托福写作冲刺需要五步B1.Orchestral instruments --- under the following types: strings, woodwind, brass, and percussion.(A) grouped(B) can group(C) can be grouped(D) to be grouped2.--- depressions in the ocean floor are called trenches.(A) There are the deep(B) Are the deep(C) Where deep(D) Deep3.In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier --- , some fifty of them original novels and collections of stories.(A) Produced nearly sixty books(B) Produced sixty books nearly(C) Nearly sixty books produced(D) Sixty books nearly produced4.--- xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.(A) For(B) It was(C) That(D) While5.Eastern meadowlarks abound in places --- , but eat harmful insects rather than grain.(A) land is cultivated there(B) there is land cultivated(C) where land is cultivated(D) where is cultivated land6.Amplifiers such as those in computers and sound –reproducing systems are responsible for --- an erratic input signal.(A) strengthening(B) being strengthened(C) strengthen(D) to strengthen7.--- John Aaron Lewis pioneered in the development of “third stream music,”a blend of jazz and classical music.(A) A composer, who was(B) He was a composer(C) As a composer(D) When a composer he8.In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800’s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation --- the modern college rests.(A) is which(B) on which(C) which is on(D) on it9.Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events --- to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.(A) and thus(B) so(C) however(D) because10. --- lived on the Nor th Saskatchewan River long before the Hudson’s Bay Company built a fur trading post there.(A) Cree people(B) For Cree people(C) It was Cree people(D) Where Cree people11. --- has been a topic of continual geological research.(A) Did the continents originate(B) How did the continents originate(C) Have the continents originated(D) How the continents originated12. Because the papaya grows readily from seed, ---spread from its home in Central America and now grows throughout the tropics.(A) to be(B) it(C) the(D) its13. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have ---as the amount of money borrowed.(A) as the same value(B) the same value(C) value as the same(D) the value is the same14. Futurism, ---early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.(A) an(B) was an(C) that it was an(D) that an15. All living organisms constantly absorb carbon 14 ---their existence.(A) out(B) about(C) around(D) throughout16. Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, and silica.A B C D17. The bison, know for the hump over its shoulders, is usually called a buffalo in NorthA B C DAmerica.18. Perspiration, the body’s built-in cooling mechanism occurs as a natural reaction toA B Cnervousness, intense heat, or vigorously exercise.D19. Because of the rising cost of fuel, scientists are building automobile engines who willA B C D conserve gasoline but still run smoothly.20. The primary function of a sonometer is to calculate and demonstrate the relationsA B C mathematical of melodious tones.D21. The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of papers, but as a record ofA B Cgeographically organized information.D22. Vitamin A is essential to bone grow and to the healthiness of the skin and mucousA B C Dmembranes.23. The Moon, being much more nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the principal cause of theA B Ctides.D24. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States are the Everglades whereA B Cwildlife is abundant and largely protected.D25. The dromedary camel is raised especially to racing.A B C D26. The founding of the Boston Library in 1653 demonstrate the early North American colonistsA Binterest in books and libraries.C D27. Public recognition of Ben Shahn as a major American artistic began with a retrospectiveA Bshow of his work in 1948.C D28. The texture of soil is determined by the size of the grains or particles that make up.A B C D29. To produce on pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance equals to twice aroundA B C Dthe world.30. The domestic dog, considered to be the first tamed animal, is coexisting with human beingsA Bsince the days of the cave dwellers.C D31. Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic region fine harbors, however endowed it with aAB C DD first-class system of inland waterways. 32. All matter resists any change in their condition of rest or of motion.A B C D33. Swans, noted for graceful movements in the water, have been the subject of many poetry,A B Cfairy tales, legends, and musical compositions.34. Since peach trees bloom very early in the season, they are in danger for spring frosts.A B C DD C 35. Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed feet.A B C36. Lucretia Mott’s influence was too significant that she has been credited by some authorities A Bas the originator of feminism in the United States.C37. Large bodies of water and the prevalence of moisture-bearing winds often produce aA B Ccondition of tall humidity, affecting the local weather.D38. Manganese does not exist naturally in a pure state because it reacts so easily with otherA B Celement.D39. Scientists estimate that as many as hundred millions visible meteors enter the Earth’sA B Catmosphere every day.D40. Although not abundant in nature, zinc is important for both the galvanization of iron and theA B C preparation of alloys as such brass and German silver.DCPassage 1 By the late nineteenth century, the focus for the engineers and builders of tunnels was beginning to shift from Europe to the United States and especially New York, where the rivers encircling Manhattan captured the imagination of tunnelers and challenged their ingenuity. The first to accept the challenge was a somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin, who turned up in New York in the 1870's with a proposal to tunnel through the silt under the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City. Haskin eventually abandoned the risky project. But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in I 902, working from both directions. Mc Adoo’s men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock, but with this obstacle surmounted. the two headings met in 1904 and McAdoo donned oilskins to become the Hudson’s first underwater bank - to - bank pedestrian. World' s Work magazine proudly reported in 1906 that New York could now be described as a body of land surrounded by tunnels Three one - way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River. 1. According to the passage, DeWitt Clinton Haskin camefrom (A) Jersey City (B) Europe (C) California (D) New York 2. What does the author imply about DeWitt Clinton Haskin' 5 background? (A) It did not qualify him to handle explosives. (B) It was not something people knew much about. (C) It included diverse work experiences. (D) It included many inferior projects. 3. According to the passage, when did William McAdoo begin to work on the Hudson River tunnel? (A) 1870 (B) 1902 (C) 1904 (D) 1906 4. According to the passage, the workers tunneling for William McAdoowere surprised to find which of the following where they were working? (A) Oil (B) Silt (C) Rock (D) Shafts 5. The quotation from World' s Work magazine in line 12 introduces facts about (A)cities that were building new tunnels to Manhattan (B)people' s concern eve the weakening of the city's foundation (C)the role of New York City in promoting engineering (D)the number of tunnels being built at the time 6. Where in the passage does the author refer to the first person to walk beneath the Hudson River? (A) Lines 1 - 3 (B) Lines 4-6 (C) Lines 8-11 (D) Lines 14 - 15Passage 2 Icebergs are among nature' 5 most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence,which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just a unnoticed. Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green. or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm, sunlit seas. But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, 'drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each year S snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A) The Melting of Icebergs (B) The Nature and Origin of Icebergs (C) The Size and Shape of Icebergs (D) The Dangers of Icebergs The author states that icebergs are rarely seen because they are (A) surrounded by fog (B) hidden beneath the mountains (C) located in remote regions of the world(D) broken by waves soon after they are formed The passage mentions all of the following colors for icebergs EXCEPT (A) yellow (B) blue (C) green (D) purple According to the passage, icebergs are dangerous becausethey (A) usually melt quickly (B) can turn over very suddenly (C) may create immense snowdrifts (D) can cause unexpected avalanches According to the passage, icebergs originate from a buildup of (A) turbulent water (B) feathers (C) underwater pressure (D) snowflakes 6. The formation of an iceberg is most clearly analogous to which of the following activities? (A)Walking on flufty new snow, causing it to become more compact and icy (B)Plowing large areas of earth, leaving the land flat and barren (C)Skating across a frozen lake and leaving a trail behind (D)Blowing snow into one large pile to clear an area 7. In line 23, the expression "from above" refers to (A)sunlit seas (B)polar regions (C)weight of mountains (D)layers of ice and snow 8. The attitude of the author toward icebergs is one of(A)disappointment (B)humor (C)disinterest (D)wonderPassage 3 Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white-a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric. In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life-her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce’s 1976 play, The B eIle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1~5O's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affairs but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self – sovereignty, carried on an argument with the Puritan fathers. attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stern patriarchal God. and their rigid notions of "true womanhood." 1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage? (A)To interpret Emily Dickinson' 5 eccentric behavior (B)To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson (C) To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair (D) To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson'stime 2. According to the passage, the period from 1858 to 1862 was for Emily Dickinsona period of great (A)tragedy (B)sociability (C)productivity (D) frivolity 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson' s eccentricities? (A) Refusing to eat (B)Wearing only write (C)Avoiding visitors (D)Staying in her room4. According to the passage, biographers of Emily Dickinson havetraditionally (A)criticized most of her poems (B)ignored her innocence and emotional fragility (C)seen her life in romantic terms (D)blamed her parents for restricting her activities 5.Why does the author mention William Luce's play The Belle of Amherst? (A)To give an example of the sentimentalized Emily Dickinson myth (B)To show how popular Emily Dickinson's poems have become (C)To show that Emily Dickinson was also an actress (D)To illustrate the theatrical quality of Emily Dickinson's poems 1 6.The author imp ies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to (A)physical illness (B)a failed love affair (C)religious fervor (D)Her dislike of people 7.The author suggests all of the following asreasons for Emily Dickinson's unusual behavior EXCEPT the(A)struggle to create 3 new female identity(B)desire to develop her genius undisturbed(C)search for her own independence(D)attempt to draw attention to her poetry8.It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that wascharacterized by (A)strong Puritan beliefs (B)equality of men and women(C)the encouragement of nonconformity(D)the appreciation of poetic creativityPassage 4 Native Americans from the southeastern part of what is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three separate, but related, worlds: the Upper World. the Lower World, and This World. In the last there lived humans. most animals, and all plants. This World, a round island resting on the surface of waters, was suspended fromthe sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal 'points of the compass. Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass, from north to south and from east to west, intersected This World to divide it into four wedge - shaped segments. Thus a' symbolic representation of the human world was a cross within a circle, the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World. Each segment of This World was identified by its own color. According to Cherokee doctrine,' east was associated with the color red because it was the direction of the Sun, the greatest deity of all. Red was also the color of fire, believed to be directly connected with the Sun, with blood, and therefore' with life. Finally, red was the color of success. The west was the Moon segment; it provided no warmth and was not life - giving as the Sun was. So its color was black. North was the direction of cold, and so its color was blue (sometimes purple), and it represented trouble and defeat. South was the direction of warmth, its color, white, was associated with peace and happiness. The southeastern Native Americans' universe was one in which opposites were constantly at war with each other, red against black, blue against white. This World hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World. The goal was to find some kind of halfway path, or balance, between those other worlds. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A)One Civilization's View of the Universe (B)The Changing of the Seasons in the Southeast (C)The Painting of Territorial Maps by Southeastern Native Americans (D)The War Between Two Native American Civilizations 2. In line 3, the phrase "the last" refers to (A) all plants (B) This World (C) the universe (D) the Upper World 3. Tne author implies that This World was located (A) inside the Upper World (B) inside the Lower World (C) above the Upper World (D) between the Upper World and Lower World 4. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans compared This World to (A) waters(B) the sky (C) an animal (D) an island 5. According to the passage, lines divided This World into how many segments? (A)Two (B)Three (C)Four (D)Five 6. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans associated red with all of the following EXCEPT (A)fire (B)trouble (C)blood (D) success 7. According to the passage. which of the following colors represented the west for southeastern Native Americans? (A)Blue (B)While (C)Black (D) Purple 8. The shape of This Word is closest to that of which of the following? (A)A circle (B)A triangle (C)A square (D)A cube。

智课网TOEFL备考资料新托福考试全真模考题练习及解析摘要：新托福考试全真模考题练习及解析!托福考试的全真模考可以帮助的大家更好的了解真正的托福考试，通过这种真题的练习，也可以帮助大家更好的来提高托福考试的分数。

新托福考试全真模考题：1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。

这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。

参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。

参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

补充: 常考the first/second/… one to do sth3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City’s Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案：A分析：缺宾语，C, D都不能作宾语。

托福考试真真题和答案一、阅读部分Passage 1: The Origin of Theater1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe the history of theaterB. To explain the origin of theaterC. To discuss the social impact of theaterD. To analyze the different types of theaterAnswer: B2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the development of theater?A. Religious ceremoniesB. Social gatheringsC. Political propagandaD. Personal entertainmentAnswer: D3. The author mentions the ancient Greek theater to illustrate which point?A. The importance of theater in ancient societyB. The evolution of theater over timeC. The influence of theater on modern cultureD. The role of theater in educationAnswer: APassage 2: The Impact of Industrialization on the Environment4. What is the main argument of the passage?A. Industrialization has had a negative impact on the environment.B. The environment has improved due to industrialization.C. Industrialization and the environment can coexist harmoniously.D. The impact of industrialization on the environment is minimal.Answer: A5. The author uses which of the following as an example to support the argument?A. The rise in global temperaturesB. The increase in air pollutionC. The depletion of natural resourcesD. The extinction of various speciesAnswer: B6. What is the author's opinion on the future of industrialization and the environment?A. They can coexist if managed properly.B. Industrialization will continue to harm the environment.C. The environment will recover if industrialization stops.D. The future is uncertain due to the complexity of the issue.Answer: DPassage 3: The Evolution of Communication Technology7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of communication technologyB. The impact of communication technology on societyC. The future of communication technologyD. The importance of communication technologyAnswer: B8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a communication technology?A. TelegraphB. TelephoneC. RadioD. TelevisionE. Pigeon postAnswer: E9. The author suggests that communication technology has had which of the following effects on society?A. Increased isolationB. Improved global connectivityC. Decreased personal interactionD. Hindered cultural exchangeAnswer: B二、听力部分Conversation 1: Student and Professor Discussing a Research Paper10. What is the main topic of the conversation?A. The student's progress on the research paperB. The professor's expectations for the research paperC. The student's choice of topic for the research paperD. The professor's feedback on the research paperAnswer: A11. Why does the professor suggest that the student should narrow down the focus of the paper?A. To make the paper more manageableB. To make the paper more interestingC. To make the paper more originalD. To make the paper more relevantAnswer: A12. What does the student agree to do before the next meeting?A. Revise the thesis statementB. Conduct more researchC. Write a rough draftD. Consult with a peerAnswer: CLecture 1: The Role of Biodiversity in Ecosystems13. What is the main purpose of the lecture?A. To explain the concept of biodiversityB. To discuss the importance of biodiversity in ecosystemsC. To describe the process of species extinctionD. To analyze the causes of biodiversity lossAnswer: B14. According to the lecture, which of the following is a benefit of biodiversity?A. Increased food productionB. Enhanced ecosystem stabilityC. Improved air qualityD. Reduced water pollutionAnswer: B15. What is an example of a species that plays a crucial role in its ecosystem?A. The honeybeeB. The elephantC. The pandaD. The lionAnswer: ALecture 2: The History of Photography16. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The invention of photographyB. The evolution of photography techniquesC. The impact of photography on artD. The role of photography in journalismAnswer: B17. What does the lecturer mention about the daguerreotype process?A. It was the first photographic processB. It was very expensiveC. It produced very detailed imagesD. It was difficult to reproduce imagesAnswer: D18. According to the lecture, which of the following is a modern development in photography?A. Digital camerasB. Instant photographyC. Color filmD. The pinhole cameraAnswer: A三、口语部分Task 1: Choose a place you have been to that you would like to visit again and explain why.Sample Answer: I would like to visit the Grand Canyon again because of its breathtaking views and the sense of awe it inspires. The vastness of the landscape and the colorful rock formations are truly a sight to behold. Additionally, there are many hiking trails that offer different perspectives of the canyon, making each visit unique. I also enjoyed the educational exhibits at the visitor center, which provided interesting insights into the geological history of the area.Task 2: Some people prefer to make friends with people who are similar to them, while others prefer to make friends with people who are different from them. Which do you prefer and why?Sample Answer: I prefer to make friends with people who are different from me because it allows me to learn about new perspectives and cultures. Interacting with people from diverse backgrounds exposes me to different ideas and experiences, which can be both enlightening and challenging. This diversity in friendships also encourages personal growth and helps me to become more open-minded and tolerant.四、写作部分Integrated Writing Task: Reading and Listening19. What is the main argument of the reading passage?A. The proposed construction of a new shopping mall will have negative effects on the local community.B. The proposed construction of a new shopping mall will have positive effects on the local economy.C. The proposed construction of a new shopping mall will have minimal impact on the local environment.D. The proposed construction of a new shopping mall will have mixed effects on the local area.Answer: A20. What is the main point of the lecture?A. The proposed shopping mall will create jobs and boost the local economy.B. The proposed shopping mall will cause traffic congestion and noise pollution.C. The proposed shopping mall will lead to the loss of green spaces and wildlife habitats.D. The proposed shopping mall will have both positive and negative effects on the local area.Answer: D21. According to the reading passage, what is one negative effect of the proposed shopping mall?A. It will increase traffic congestion.B. It will cause air pollution.C. It will lead to the loss of local businesses.D. It will result in the destruction of a historical site.Answer: C22. According to the lecture, what is one positive effect of the proposed shopping mall?A. It will provide a place for community events.B. It will offer a variety of shopping options.C. It will attract tourists to the area.D. It will preserve the local environment.Answer: BIndependent Writing Task: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All scientific discoveries should be shared among scientists all around the world; governments should not keep any scientific discovery secret. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Sample Answer: I agree that all scientific discoveries should be shared among scientists worldwide, as this promotes collaboration and accelerates progress in various fields. When governments keep scientific discoveries secret, it can hinder the advancement of knowledge and potentially lead to duplication of efforts. For instance, if a breakthrough in medical research is kept secret, it could delay the development of life-saving treatments. Additionally, sharing scientific discoveries can foster international cooperation and trust, which iscrucial in addressing global challenges such as climate change and pandemics.。

93-01 93年1月TOEFL听力A1. (A) Did you move the chair or did Ed do it?(B) Ed wants to move the chair.(C) Please move the chair Ed.(D) Ed forgot to move the chair, so will you do it?2. (A) Diane respects her teacher.(B) The teacher is looking at Diane.(C) Diane is taller than her teacher.(D) Diane doesn't like her teacher's looks.3. (A) I must take my groceries home.(B) I didn't bring my shopping list with me.(C) My left wrist is sore.(D) I need to go home for a rest.4. (A) I thought the novel would be better.(B) The novel is surprisingly good.(C) The novel is just what I hoped it would be.(D) I think the novel is quite boring.5. (A) Someone assisted him with the work.(B) Someone should do the work, or him.(C) He didn't quite finish the work.(D) He didn't work long enough.6. (A) At what time must you leave?(B) Have you forgotten what day it is?(C) What still needs to be done today?(D) Who left the tray here yesterday?7. (A) No one knew what the formal requirements were.(B) There was no need for us to get dressed up.(C) They asked for our former address.(D) Everyone was wearing formal suits or gowns.8. (A) I seldom have meat.(B) I like to eat early.(C) I never buy meat.(D) I prefer my meat rare.9. (A) Rita's roommate helped her to pack.(B) Rita's roommate needed help packing.(C) Rita's got the package for her roommate.(D) Rita had her baggage with her.10. (A) I figured the expenses on the last page.(B) Your plan will cost too much.(C) Drawing can be an expensive hobby.(D) You should go back to your original plan.11. (A) Both of us were exhausted.(B) We always tried to rest after exercising.(C) I turned over and went to sleep again.(D) I was overtired and couldn't sleep.12. (A) How could you forget to put the salt out.(B) I thought I bought salt last week, but I could be wrong.(C) I bought salt a few days ago; it can't be finished yet.(D) Did someone else also buy salt?13. (A) Let's not make them at all.(B) Don't make them use it all.(C) Leslie wouldn't share her work with them.(D) We should share the work with them.14. (A) She left the hospital and resumed her classes.(B) She went to the hospital after class.(C) She didn't complete her classes because she went to the hospital.(D) She was released from class so she could go to the hospital.15. (A) Our phone service was turned off.(B) They added another telephone.(C) Our phone service began today.(D) They refused to repair our telephone.16. (A) The frightened puppy was licking Lois hand.(B) Lois is not afraid to give a speech now.(C) Some people came over to speak to Lois.(D) Lois will hear about the fair tonight.17. (A) It's too bad you haven't worked harder.(B) We haven't heard a word about your work.(C) We'd like to walk to work with you.(D) You'll be well repaid for working so hard.18. (A) You can honestly say what you think.(B) Believe me the tray is not much use.(C) Frankly, I don't think much of Ray.(D) In my opinion the play was not very good.19. (A) She overlooked my paper by mistake.(B) She wanted us to review our own papers.(C) She asked us over to discuss the errors.(D) She said she would look at the papers again.20. (A) Two people walked in late for the movie.(B) Most of the people left before the movie was over.(C) A few people had to stand to watch the movie.(D) Some people moved their seats during the movie.21. (A) He can't go this weekend.(B) He has a hole in his bathing suit.(C) They should stay at the beach longer.(D) They shouldn't spend much money.22. (A) Turn the alarm off.(B) Live on a farm.(C) Move his alarm clock.(D) Go to bed earlier.23. (A) He hasn't had time to find another apartment.(B) His mother dusted her apartment the day before last.(C) He hasn't cleaned the apartment since his mother visited.(D) His mother was the last person to come over to his apartment.24. (A) Making a pot of coffee.(B) Trying different brands of coffee.(C) Drinking less coffee.(D) Getting a different coffeepot.25. (A) Some music cassettes.(B) Some school supplies.(C) Something to drink.(D) Something to eat.26. (A) He has finished his biology project.(B) He'll feel happier when the project is completed.(C) He's annoyed with everyone.(D) He took a nap in biology class.27. (A) She knows very little about bicycles.(B) She doesn't want the man to study.(C) The man likes to study outdoors.(D) The man isn't ready to study yet.28. (A) Try to find it in the house.(B) Repair the roof.(C) Lend his friend a pen.(D) Become extremely angry.29. (A) She agrees with the man.(B) She didn't hear what the man said.(C) She is surprised by his opinion.(D) She thinks he should look at it again.30. (A) The weather forecast has often been wrong.(B) No more rain is needed.(C) It's going to rain today.(D) They'll have more time tomorrow.31. (A) Ann should shut the door.(B) Ann should be quieter.(C) Ann shouldn't have stayed at the library so long.(D) Ann shouldn't have returned home.32. (A) Doris asked someone to build them.(B) Both she and Doris worked on them.(C) They didn't need to be fixed.(D) Not all of them were hers.33. (A) Bob doesn't have to stay until after his exams.(B) Bob will get into trouble if he doesn't stay.(C) Bob can't take his exams home with him.(D) Bob can't find a way to solve the problem.34. (A) He lost it.(B) He used it last night.(C) He was the last to use it.(D) He finally brought it back.35. (A) The novel wasn't so difficult to read.(B) She can't remember the author's name.(C) There were many comic characters.(D) She read it a long time ago.36. (A) One of his classes finished early.(B) He wanted to get some studying done.(C) The library had a special display on the industrial Revolution.(D) His books were ten days overdue.37. (A) Checked them out.(B) Took notes on them.(C) Returned them to the shelves.(D) Put them in his book bag.38. (A) They are marked with colored labels.(B) They are specially coded.(C) They are checked out.(D) They are inspected by the guard.39. (A) Copies down the name and the address of each borrower.(B) Checks all books for missing pages.(C) Demagnetizes the books as they are checked out.(D) Helps students use the card catalog.40. (A) To explain the importance of learning rhythm and harmony in jazz.(B) To show that jazz is not really music at all.(C) To point out similarities between jazz and classical music.(D) To describe what makes a good jazz performance.41. (A) They memorize their music before performing it.(B) They are more famous than performers of other kinds of music.(C) They perform their music as a means of individual self expression.(D) They possess detailed knowledge of the rules of jazz performers.42. (A) Practice various jazz rhythms.(B) Interview a jazz musician.(C) Watch a film about jazz performers.(D) Listen to some recordings of jazz music.43. (A) To Colorado.(B) To Arizona.(C) To the Nile River.(D) To the Museum of Natural History.44. (A) Archaeological.(B) Biological.(C) Meteorological.(D) Sociological.45. (A) In a cave.(B) In a river.(C) In a tree.(D) In a boat.46. (A) Solve a mystery.(B) See the canyon.(C) Find some driftwood.(D) Take some photographs.47. (A) A radio broadcast.(B) A political discussion.(C) A sales promotion.(D) A health documentary.48. (A) Where fruit is grown.(B) How fruit becomes ripe.(C) Why fruit falls from trees.(D) Which fruits are edible.49. (A) The fruit itself.(B) The air surrounding the fruit.(C) The spray applied by farmers.(D) The tree or vines to which the fruit is attached.50. (A) The fruit loses its sweetness.(B) The fruit falls off the tree.(C) Bees begin to pollinate the fruit.(D) The temperature inside the fruit increases.B1. --- that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates er unit of tissuedecrease, and they generally live longer.(A) The truth(B) If true(C) It is true(D) To be true2. Asteroids are small and therefore very difficult to identify, even when --- to Earth.(A) quite closely(B) are being quite close(C) are they quite closely(D) they are quite close3. A number of modern sculptors have rejected --- of minimal and environmental art anddeveloped a style of extreme realism.(A) which abstract qualities(B) there are abstract qualities(C) the abstract qualities(D) the qualities are abstract4. --- tributaries of the Mississippi River system were navigated by steamboats during the periodbefore the outbreak of the Civil War.(A) More than forty(B) More than forty were(C) Forty more than(D) There were more than forty5. Mary Eliza McDowell's introduction to social service came --- , when she assisted victims ofthe great Chicago Fire of 1871.(A) was sixteen years old(B) had sixteen years(C) at age sixteen(D) sixteen6. Young herons are helpless for a few weeks --- they learn to fly.(A) how(B) before(C) despite(D) since　7. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with ---.(A) ever made the very first pictures(B) the ever made very first pictures(C) the very first ever made pictures(D) the very first pictures ever made8. The center of gravity of the human body --- behind the hip joint.(A) locates(B) locating(C) to locate(D) is located9. The leaves and stems of the alfalfa plant are the only parts of the plant ---.(A) the uses for livestock fees(B) for using livestock feed(C) used for livestock feed(D) they are used for livestock feed10. --- choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of citylife.(A) So large numbers of people to(B) There are large numbers of people(C) Large numbers of people(D) Large numbers of people who11. --- to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.(A) Danger can be(B) They can be dangerous(C) What can be dangerous(D) While danger12. Organic chemistry has made many new products---.(A) possible(B) as possible(C) are possible(D) they are possible13. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, --- a far higher price than the same pearlssold individually.(A) in order to bring(B) their bringing(C) bringing(D) bring14. Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes --- in book form.(A) than the print(B) print them(C) if printed(D) they are printed15. Pennsylvania ranks high among the states population --- many areas are sparsely settled.(A) and yet(B) so even(C) if not(D) except for16. Since the beginning of this century, the United States government has played an role in the A supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.B C D17. Between 1906 and 1917, political activist Emma Goldma devoted most of her efforts to A B Cwriting, traveling and lectured.　D18. Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players.　A B C D19. Many of society's wealth is controlled by large corporations and government agencies.　A B C D20. Pieces of eighteenth-century porcelain they are frequently dug up in excavations at A B C D williamsburg Virginia.21. A major purpose of scientific analysis is to identify and examine causal connections between A B Cindependent and dependence variables.D22. Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease.　A B C D23. Recause it is a healthful way to exercise aerobic dancing is considered an excellent method A B Cfor release tension.D24. Doppler radar can be used to determine the direction which in the particles of a cloud are A B Cmoving.　D25. Applied research aims at some specific objective, such as the development of a new produce, A B C process, or material.　D26. Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.A B C D27. The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological A B C DLaboratory in the 1930's.28. Clementine Hunter's primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries, included A B C Done at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.29. Alike a chicken, the grouse has four toes, with the hind one raised above the ground.A B C D30. Membership in labor unions in the United States reached its peak of 17 millions members in A B C D1960.31. The newer kinds of seeds produce corn it has much greater food value than older kinds.A B C D32. In meteorology, either the formation of clouds and the precipitation of dew, rain, and snoware A Bknown as condensation.C D33. Varieties of yellow grapes that have tender skin, rich flavor and high sugar content are A B Cespecially suited with making raisins.D34. Despite resistance in some parts of Canada, the conversion to metric measurement have been A B Csaid to be largely successful.D35. The most safest way to watch a solar eclipse is for one to look at it in a mirror while wearing A B C Ddark glasses.36. Chied Joseph La Flesche, a vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation aproud A B C and progressive one.　D37. The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.A B C D38. In 1941 Orson Welles produced Citizen Kane a film noted for its technical brilliant, structural A Bcomplexity, and Literate treatment of a controversial biographical subject.C D39. Wildlife conservationists say the cover that foliage provides for animals is equal in A B Cimportance to the food supplying.D40. The Leyden jar was one of the earliest form of condensers invented to store an electrical A B C Dcharge.CPassage 1Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tallEven with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The characteristics of bacteria(B) How bacteria reproduce(C) The various functions of bacteria(A) How bacteria contribute to disease2. Bacteria are measured in(A) inches(B) centimeters(C) microns(D)millimeters3. Which of the following is the smallest?(A) A pinhead(B) A rounded bacterium(C) A microscope(D)A rod - shaped bacterium4. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see(A)tiny dots(B) small "hairs"(C) large rods(D) detailed structures5. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?(A) A rider jumping on a horse's back(B) A ball being hit by a bat(C) A boat powered by a motor(D) A door closed by a gust of wind6. In line 16, the author compares water to molasses, in order to introduce which of the following topics?(A) The bacterial content of different liquids(B) What happens when bacteria are added to molasses(C) The molecular structures of different chemicals(D) How difficult it is for bacteria to move through waterPassage 2One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the Unite States. In her lifetime she earned this country's most highly acclaimed literary award: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific literary output, which consisted of some eighty - five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty - five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became as the described herself, "mentally bifocal." Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist. One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes. Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author. i s a captivating subject of study.1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To offer a criticism of the works of Pearl Buck.(B) To illustrate Pearl Buck's views on Chinese literature(C) To indicate the background and diverse interests of Pearl Buck(D) To discuss Pearl Buck's influence on the cultures of the East and the West2. According to the passage, Pearl Buck is known as a writer of all of the following EXCEPT(A) novels(B) children's books(C) poetry(D) short stories3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as an award received by Pearl Buck?(A) The Nobel Prize(B) The Newberry Medal(C) The William Dean Howell medal(D) The Pulitzer prize4. According to the passage, Pearl Buck was an unusual figure in American literature in that she(A) wrote extensively about a very different culture(B) published half of her books abroad(C) won more awards than any other woman of her time(D) achieved her first success very late in life5. According to the passage, Pearl Buck described herself as "mentally bifocal" to suggest thatshe was(A) capable of resolving thc differences between two distinct linguistic systems(B) keenly aware of how the past could influence the future(C) capable of producing literary works of interest to both adults and children(D) equally familiar with two different cultural environments1. The author's attitude toward Peart Buck could best be described as(A) indifferent(B) admiring(C) sympathetic(D) tolerantPassage 3When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it-at this moment in time.It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history.Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, We see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and shorter light waves.That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a second- it will become steadily colder and redder.1.What is the passage mainly about?(A)Faint dwarf stars(B)The evolutionary cycle of the Sun(C)The Sun's fuel problem(D)The dangers of invisible radiation2.What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?(A) It appears yellow(B) It always remains the same(C) It has a short history(D) It is too cold3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?(A)They are short- lived.(B) They are mysterious.(C)They are frightening.(D) They are nearly invisible.4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become what color?(A) Yellow(B) Violet(C) Red(D) White5.In line 15,to which of the following does "it"refer?(A)yellow "hump"(B)day(C)Sun(D)hydrogen fuelPassage 4If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830'sand 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abuttedthe older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse - drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass - scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for homeownership In neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single - family housing tracts.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(A) The growth of Philadelphia(B) The Origin of the Suburb(C) The Development of City Transportation(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during periods of(A) industrialization(B) inflation(C) revitalization(D) unionization3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the following?(A) The smell of the factories(B) The growth of mill towns(C) The development of waterways(D) The loss of jobs4. Which of the following was NCT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth - century suburbanization?(A) Cheaper housing(B) Urban crowding(C)The advent of an urban middle class(D) The invention of the electric streetcar5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by(A) automobile(B) cart(C)horse - draw trolley(D)electric streetcar6. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization.(A)Lines 3-5(B)Lines S-9(C)Lines 12- 13(D) Lines 15-18Passage 5The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His intrial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Giblert and hisship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the regionthat he named "Virgina." Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?(A)The Regulation of Trading Companies(B)British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World(C)Early Attempts at Colonizing North America(D)Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?(A)They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.(B)They were members of large trading companies.(C)They were immediately successful.(D)They were acting on their own.3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir HumphreyGilbert is true?(A) He never settled in North America.(B) His trading company was given a patent by the queen.(C) He fought the Spanish twice.(D) He died in 1587.　4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for North America?(A)1577(B)1579(C)1582(D)15845. Which of the following can be infered from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?(A)They explored the entire coastal region.(B)Some did not survive.(C)They named the area "Virginia".(D) Most were not experienced sailors.6. According to the passage, the first English settlement on Roanoke Island was established in(A)1578(B)1583(C)1585(D)15877. According to the passage, which of; the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.(B) It lasted for several years.(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.(D) It was conquered by the Spanish.　。

2022年托福考试全真试题测试(2)6. In his research at Columbia University, Charles Townes worked with all of the following EXCEPT (A) stimulated emission(B) microwaves(C) light amplification(D) a maser7.In approximately what year was the first maser built?(A) 1917(B) 1951(C) 1953(D) 19578. The word "emerged" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) increased(B) concluded(C) succeeded(D) appeared9. The word "outlining" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) assigning(B) studying(C) checking(D) summarizing10. Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser?(A) The researchers’ notebooks were lost.(B) Several people were developing the idea at the same time.(C) No one claimed credit for the development until recently.(D) The work is still incomplete.Question 11——21Panel painting, common in thirteenth -and fourteenth -century Europe , involved apainstaking , laborious process. Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso toprepare the surface for painting , and then polished smooth with special tools. On thisperfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks,and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (eggyolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes. The successive layering ofthese meticulously applied paints produced the final, translucent colors.Backgrounds of gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf, and thenembellishing of decorating the gold leaf by punchingit with a metal rod on which apattern had been embossed. Every step in the process was slow and deliberate . Thequick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke beplaced before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was,therefore , an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure, fine areasof color that were so much a part of the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that anartist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous inspiration wascompletely alien to these deliberately produced works.Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that it demandedassistance. All such work was done by collective enterprisein the workshops. Thepainter or master who is credited with having created painting may have designedthe work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist’s handapplied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had beentrained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The carpenter’s shop probablyprovided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied thegold. Thus, not only many hands , but also many shops were involved in the finalproduct.In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panelpaintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections.。

托福考试全真测试题托福考试全真测试题Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research。

Keen observers and quick learners， they are astute about the intentions of other creatures， including researchers， and adept at avoiding them。

Because they are so numerous，active， and monochromatic， it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another。

Bands， radio transmitters，orother identifying devices can be attached to them ， but this of course requires catching live crows， who are among the wariest and most untrappable of birds。

Technical difficulties aside ， crow research is daunting because the ways of thesebirds are so plex and various。

As preeminent is generalists， members of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources， and they can quickly adjust to changes in theircircumstances。