上海市2019年高考英语模拟试卷及答案

2019年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．Blue．B．Green．C．Yellow．D．Purple．2．（1分）A．7：15．B．7：45．C．8：00．D．8：15．3．（1分）A．In a restaurant．B．At the man's house．C．In a supermarket．D．In the hospital．4．（1分）A．The CEO won't be free at that time．B．The lecture hall isn't big enough．C．The equipment in the lecture hall is out of order．D．The lecture hall is not reserved early enough．5．（1分）A．An athlete．B．A fitness instructor．C．A mechanic．D．A medical doctor．6．（1分）A．Take a deep breath．B．Take some aspirin．C．See a doctor．D．Drive to the hospital．7．（1分）A．The man shouldn't order food in such awful weather．B．The delay of the delivery is caused by the awful weather．C．There is a problem with the policy of food delivery．D．The man should have his delivery fee returned．8．（1分）A．Having an outing．B．Ordering various drinks．C．Preparing for a party．D．Choosing suitable drinks．9．（1分）A．Thoughtful．B．Terrified．C．Apologetic．D．Annoyed．10．（1分）A．He followed his grandmother's steps of cooking．B．He has a great talent for cooking．C．He is a green hand in cooking．D．He improved the dish of his grandmother．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．Literature．B．Business．C．Cooking．D．History．（2）A．Christopher Columbus．B．People in Mexico．C．Hernando Cortez．D．Daniel Peter．（3）A．The development of chocolate．B．The introduction of Cortez．C．The contributions of Columbus．D．The usage of cocoa beans．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Les Misréables．B．Red．C．My Week with Marilyn．D．The Theory of Everything．（2）A．He rose to fame overnight．B．He has been a household name．C．He was recommended by Prince Harry．D．He first appeared in a stage play in 2004．（3）A．His small brown spots on the face．B．His graduation from famous schools．C．His remarkable gift for performing on stage．D．His involvement in various styles of performance．13．（6分）（1）A．A chef tends to work at entry level jobs．B．A chef works in a non﹣professional setting．C．A chef has the ability to create the recipe．D．A chef is as professional as a cook．（2）A．He received the training in the culinary （烹饪）school．B．He stuck to the traditional recipe without any change．C．He had a natural skill in cooking the cuisine．D．His latest book was on the list of NYT bestseller list．（3）A．Make some easy dishes like chopping vegetables．B．Cook with the accurate measurement and no spice．C．Make an efficient and delicate cooking．D．Cook with creativity and passion．（4）A．Working as a chef．B．Dos and don'ts about a chef．C．Tips for cooking．D．Recommendation of a bestseller．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods？Due to climate change，the world's endangered lists are no longer just for animals．We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a （1）（tasty）one as well．As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming （2）（continue）to affect weather，we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity，the quality，and the growing locations of our food．Some foods have already felt the impact while （3）may even become scarce within the next 30 years．Whether or not you try to limit yourself （4）one cup of coffee a day，the effects of climate change on the world's coffee﹣growing regions may leave you little choice．Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America，Africa，Asia，and Hawaii．The result？Significant cuts in coffee yield．According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute，half of the present coffee﹣producing areas （5）（estimate）not to be suitable by the year 2050，if current climate patterns continue．With temperatures continuously rising，oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own，（6）（cause）a decline in fish population，including in lobsters that are cold﹣blooded creatures，and in salmons （鲑鱼）（7）eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures．Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever （8）（take）with raw seafood，like oysters．And how about that satisfying "crack" which you get when you are eating crabs andlobsters？It could be silenced （9）shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate （碳酸钙）shells，which is a result of ocean acidification．Even worse is the possibility （10）we will have no seafood to enjoy at all．Ina 2006 Dalhousie University study，scientists predicted that if over﹣fishing and risingtemperature trends continued at their present rate，the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050．Section BDirections：Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly．Rather than the standard working day of nine to five，employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives．Advances in technology are （1）the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace．To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade，employee benefits provider Unum UK （2）with The Future Laboratory to survey 3，000 workers across several industries．They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce．The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the（3）of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce．They are the obligated and the self﹣fulfilled workers．"Obligated workers" refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation，（4）raising children with caring for elderly parents．Therefore，they value a career （5）to life stages and events and financial security．Joel Defries，33，father of one kid and partner at London V odka said，"A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave （陪产假）and to value my family just as much as I value my job．"Self﹣fulfilled workers are committed to life﹣long learning and acquiring new skillsrather than （6）to an employer．They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them （7）both their personal and professional ambitions．They treat personal commitments and pursuits as （8）to professional commitments．Elly Kemp，31，（9） a full﹣time employee，now working part ﹣time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother's care said，"My approach to work allows me the freedom to（10）my career at my own pace．I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time．"Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）Early decision ﹣you apply to one school，and admission is binding （有法律约束力的）﹣seems like a great choice for nervous applicants．Schools （1） a higher percentage of early﹣decision applicants，which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled．And if you do，you're done with the whole painful process by December．But most students and parents don't realize that schools have hidden （2）for offering early decision．Early decision，since it's binding，allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students；it allows （3）committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come．It also gives schools a higher yield rate （优秀学生率），which is often used as one of the ways to（4）college selectivity and popularity．The problem is that this process effectively （5）the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point．Under （6）admissions，seniors have to choose which school to attend until May 1；early decision effectively steals six months from them，months that could be used to visit more schools，do more research，speak to current students and alumni （校友）and make a more（7）decision．For any given student in America，whatever their levels are，there are a number of schools that are a great（8）．When students become too fixed on a particular school early in the admissions process，that fixation can lead to（9）severe disappointmentif they don't get in or，if they do，it is likely that they are now bound to go to a school that，given time for further （10），may not actually be right for them．Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge．That advantage goes largely to students who already have（11）advantages．The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher﹣quality college guidance，usually a result of coming from a more advantaged background．（12），there's an argument against early decision，as students from lower﹣income families are far less likely to have the admissions know﹣how （招生诀窍）to（13）figure out the often confusing early deadlines．Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should，under the current system，probably （14）under early decision．For students who haven't yet done enough research，or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools，the early﹣decision system needlessly and prematurely （15）the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options．（1）A．let in B．turn down C．make up D．give away （2）A．dangers B．costs C．assumptions D．purposes（3）A．admissions B．joint C．inquiry D．investigative （4）A．detail B．measure C．achieve D．represent（5）A．neglects B．provides C．shortens D．marks（6）A．future B．regular C．random D．compulsory （7）A．informed B．honoured C．imposed D．complicated （8）A．fit B．aid C．hit D．net（9）A．therefore B．otherwise C．however D．furthermore （10）A．comment B．enhancement C．implication D．reflection （11）A．mutual B．favourite C．numerous D．temporary （12）A．In other words B．In this regard C．In particular D．In brief（13）A．hesitantly B．relatively C．deliberately D．efficiently （14）A．consult B．volunteer C．adjust D．apply（15）A．occupies B．encloses C．narrows D．explores Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）One recent night，while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal，my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked．"A prejudice had something in common with an ideal．" In other words，ideals ﹣general descriptions of people's expectations of themselves and others ﹣can often lead us to unreasonable ideas．It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people．We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin，the year of their birth or any other related factors．I grew up in a multi﹣racial corner of America．The different groups were often subjectto narrow stereotypes：Jewish people were "greedy，" Mexicans were "poorly educated，" and Asians were "good at math．" These labels were taught to us from a young age．They wormed their way into our belief systems，harming how we came to see others．It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true．The rush﹣to﹣judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination （歧视）．You can also see these over﹣generalized description being made against today's Chinese people．Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials （千禧一代）being described as "monkish，" or "dad﹣fashion （复古作风）" which has given the "greasy middle ﹣aged men" tag，stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society．But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population．It's about time that we，as a society，walked away from generalizations and stereotypes．I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr．from his famous "I Have a Dream" speech："I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin，but by the content of their character．" By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual，you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation．（1）According to the passage，how do people tend to judge others？A．By describing people's personalities．B．By truly getting to know those around．C．By observing their noticeable features．D．By following Martin Luther King's speech．（2）According to the author， a culture of discrimination appears because．A．people live in places of various racesB．people are born with unreasonable ideasC．prejudices slightly influence people's belief systemD．people usually make judgments without thinking twice（3）Examples of "millennials" and "dad﹣fashion" are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal．A．generalizations have unfavourable position in societyB．generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC．generalizations are found peculiar to the middle﹣aged ChineseD．generalizations make today's Chinese people lack interest or worry（4）The passage is mainly concerned with．A．the common prejudiceB．people's expectation of themselvesC．the groundless worriesD．the famous speech of Martin Luther King18．（6分）When you cross deep water driving too fast，you risk splashing water up into the air box and having it get sucked into the internal engine，which is more common than you think．There are a few steps you should take to clear the water out before you try to start it：1．First，drain the fuel tank，fuel lines and the oil．While it's draining，put a fan on the wiring and dry it out．Remove and clean the carburetor （化油器）．2．Take the plugs out of the engine and turn it over to force any water out．Water will come out with the oil．Add oil to the engine and turn it over again，without the plug in．Let it sit for a while，then observe the oil to tell if there's any water in it （it will look like a whitemilky substance if there is water mixed with the oil）．If it's there，drain it again and start over until there is little or no white showing in the oil．3．Now re﹣install the spark plug，add gas，then try to start the engine．You should have a can of ether （乙醚）handy just in case it's stubborn，but don't use too much．If it starts，let it run for a few minutes without making it work faster．4．After it runs for several minutes，shut it off，drain the oil and change the filter（过滤网）．Run it again for a few minutes then shut it off and checks again for milky colored oil．If you have none，you should be good to go．5．If you cannot start the engine，you may have already ruined it and you will probably need to seek a professional to repair it，or，more likely，you'll have to replace it．（1）According to the passage，a driver turns the engine over after oil is added to it so that he can．A．drain the oil and change the filter without any difficultyB．re﹣install the spark plug and get ready to start the car againC．make a milky substance which is the mixture of water and oilD．see whether there is any water in the engine by checking the oil（2）The underlined word "stubborn" in paragraph 4 may probably means．A．reluctant to changeB．hard to switch onC．insufficient to burnD．unable to take in（3）This passage may be most helpful to．A．a policeman who knows much about car accidentsB．a secretary who has just driven across a small pondC．a driver who is incapable of fixing the car by himselfD．a teacher who is to carry out her routine car maintenance19．（8分）One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantly push into new territory．Without growth and innovation，businesses eventually fade away．Those with staying power，however，have mastered an often﹣overlooked factorthat allows them to focus on the future clearly：empathy （共情）．While that may surprise many，I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others ﹣empathy in its purest form ﹣is the force that moves businesses forward．Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditional workplace ﹣competitive，the reality is that for business leaders to experience success，they need to not just see or hear the activity around them，but also relate to the people they serve．Some may think they want the results from doggedly （顽强地）pursuing their goals without much thought for other people．This attitude works for some，but at some point ﹣often sooner rather than later ﹣everyone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal and professional connections．These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicated interest in others and their businesses．Successful people do not operate alone；each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals．True empathy combines understanding both the emotional and the logical rationale（根据）that goes into every decision．Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person's connection to the people and marketplace that surround them．A biological principle known as co﹣evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object．Similarly，businesses and their leaders participate in co﹣evolution﹣type relationships．Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt，build on the strengths around them，and relate to their environment．When businesses fail，it is often because leaders have stopped focusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations．Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in their organizations both internally and externally．To develop an effective workforce，we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are．This can be frustrating and uncomfortable，particularly when you feel like your position makes more sense or offers a better solution．A critical part of developing empathy，however，is learning to understand，respect and implement another individual's point of view rather than forcing your own．（1）In the author's opinion，if a company wants to achieve success，it must．A．frequently develop in new areasB．always stay pure and powerfulC．concentrate on its future developmentD．value much thought for others（2）It can be inferred from the passage that．A．empathy generally depends on logical reasonsB．supports from others help to achieve ambitionsC．competition rarely exists in traditional workplacesD．striving for goals on one's own is the key to success（3）Which of the following examples can best illustrate the co﹣evolution principle？A．The boss is too occupied to realize that his employees' income is below the average．B．The head of the news agency offers little bonus to the journalists who work extra hours．C．The principal promises flexible working hours after the school moves to the countryside．D．The factory director insists on increasing the output despite the declining market demand．（4）What can be the best title of this passage？A．Empathy and Business SuccessB．The Formation of EmpathyC．Empathy and AggressivenessD．The Importance of EmpathySection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US．But it is．"The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ﹣and we still have the numbers…by a lot．（1）""Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country，" Brice﹣Hyde says，an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association （BAT）．（2）So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress，work﹣life balance，respect，and more．The results are both surprising ﹣and not．If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality，you probably aren't all that shocked to see these things like：61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful；27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied；86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeV os．Teachers are stressed out，and turnover is high．No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self﹣care，classroom burnout，and mental health days for teachers．Yet，self﹣care doesn't seem to come easily for people，and this is definitely true for teachers．（3）We think it's time to change that，though．So in honor of World Mental Health Day，we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health．Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy，or even basic self﹣care，along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one．We hope you share this article widely，giving support and love to your fellow educators．（4）And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place ﹣be a good teacher．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．Online Pharmacy （药店）：A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future，which would be of benefit to all of us．Sadly，current Federal Drug Administration （FDA）restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online．Fortunately，online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices．Those calling for the restrictions are wrong．Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people．While some drugs sold online aren't FDA﹣approved，customers shouldn't be prevented from buying them．Many of the herbal remedy （草药）online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years，especially in Asian countries，and they have strong safety records．Other medicines may come from foreign countries，but they aren't harming the people who use them in their own countries．Take depression pills as an example．It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries，yet it's just now being tested in the U．S．Nowadays，just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever，not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results．Thanks to the Internet，customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor．The Internet，after all，is filled with information about all kinds of drugs．Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves．Another issue to consider is money．Health care costs in America are rising every year，and pharmaceutical companies are making billions．Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs at lower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores．Consumers shouldn't be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）这场因无视规则引发的事故值得我们深思．（ignore）23．（3分）梦想还是要有的，但不努力就不可能实现．（unless）24．（4分）正是这次经历才让我明白，我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐．（It）25．（5分）当前有一个非常令人费解的现象：一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上，也不愿意带娃旅行开阔眼界．（would rather）Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．网络时代，人们常常不辨别真假就在社交媒体上疯狂点赞（give the thumbs﹣up）或转发（forward），这种行为有实际意义吗？请就此现象谈谈你的看法，并结合生活中的实例加以说明．2019年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．【解答】B2．【解答】C3．【解答】A4．【解答】A5．【解答】B6．【解答】C7．【解答】B8．【解答】C9．【解答】D10．【解答】BSection BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．【解答】11～13 DCA12．【解答】14～16 DBD13．【解答】17～20 CADAGrammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．【解答】1．less tasty．考查比较级，没那么好吃，表示比较，故填less tasty．2．continues/is continuing．考查动词，as引导的时间状语从句，表示"随着"，从句中缺少动词，主语是amount of carbon dioxide ，故填continues或者is continuing．3．others．考查代词，some…others：一些…另一些…，是常见句型，故填others．4．to．考查介词，limit…to：把…限制在…，故填介词to．5．are estimated．考查被动，主语是areas，因为是现在的动作，而且是被估计，故填are estimated．6．causing．考查非谓语，oceans与cause是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填causing．7．whose．考查连词，whose引导定语从句，先行词是salmons，与eggs是从属关系，故填关系代词whose．8．taken．考查非谓语，主语主语与从句主语一致，而且从句中有系动词be，故从句主语和系动词be都可以省略，所以该句中省略bacteria are，故填taken．9．because/since/as．考查连词，因为贝壳很难建造碳酸钙壳，引导原因状语从句，故填because/since/as．10．that．考查连词，that引导同位语从句，解释说明possibility的内容，故填that．Section BDirections：Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．【解答】GABIE KFJCD1．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，技术的进步正在改变工作场所所需要的任务和技能的性质．故选G．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，为了全面了解未来10年工作场所将如何变化，员工福利提供商Unum UK与Future Laboratory合作，对多个行业的3000名员工进行了调查．故选A．3．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，研究结果概述了未来10年企业可能看到的一些就业变化，并预测了两种工人文化的演变，这两种文化将主导劳动力市场．故选B．4．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，"Obligated workers"指的是有家眷的人和"三明治一代"，他们在抚养孩子和照顾年迈父母之间保持平衡．故选I．5．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，因此，他们看重人生阶段、事件和经济保障量身打造的职业．故选E．6．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，自我实现的员工致力于终生学习和获取新技能，而。

2019-2020学年上海市杨浦高级中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMarch means spring inSt. Louis. The city hosts plenty of events — both indoor and outdoor — that make March a perfect crowd-free month to visit. You may even want to plan your trip around it.See the Butterflies at Morpho Mardi GrasPHONE +1314-577-0888In the Butterfly House inFaustPark, thousands of bright blue butterflies are on display. These butterflies — types found mostly in South America, Mexico, and Central America — include over 29 different species and 147 subspecies(亚种）, making the venue a wonderful place for kids, as they can learn about the critical role butterflies play in nature.Enjoy March Madness with Arch MadnessPHONE +1314-622-5400March is the best time of the year for basketball fans. The action inSt. Louisbegins with March Madness, the Missouri Valley Conference Tournament. Games take place during the first week in March at theScottradeCenter.Catch a Fabulous Fox Theatre Broadway ShowPHONE +1314-534-1111Each month, the Fabulous Fox Theatre hosts a variety of touring Broadway shows. And while tickets are slightly cheaper than that inNew York City, the quality of the performances doesn’t lack one bit. Check the schedule and buy tickets ahead of time, as the shows generally fill the venue.Celebrate World Eagle Day at the World Bird SanctuaryPHONE +1636-225-4390World Eagle Day is celebrated with live eagle presentations, educational activities and games. Learn aboutAmerica’s national symbol, as well as other foreign species. Get your photo taken with your favorite bird or adopt an eagle.1. Which of the following is attractive to kids?A. Seeing the Butterflies at Morpho Mardi Gras.B. Enjoying March Madness with Arch Madness.C. Catching a Fabulous Fox Theatre Broadway Show.D. Celebrating World Eagle Day at the World Bird Sanctuary.2. If you are a basketball fan, you can call________.A. +1314-577-0888B. +1314-622-5400C. +1314-534-1111D. +1636-225-43903. Why does the author recommend the Fabulous Fox Theatre?A. It is one of the branches of Broadway.B. It isnot far away fromNew York City.C. It doesn't charge the audience for tickets.D. It provides wonderful shows with cheaper tickets.BA year ago I received a full scholarship to attend the University of San Francisco. All of my hard work paid off. My mom had spent a lot on my attending a private high school, so I made sure to push myself: I volunteered, took part in various clubs, and graduated with honors. I was so excited to start a new part of my life.Soon enough, the big day came, but it wasn't like what I had thought. The first two weeks were the most difficult days of my entire life. Every night I would cry myself to sleep. I was missing my family, my home and everything in my hometown so much and I didn’t know how to deal with my broken heart.To distract myself, I threw myself into my studies. I also found a ton of jobs. In any free time, I started forcing myself to go to the gym. I wanted to keep every part of my day busy so I wouldn’t think about how lonely I felt. Soon after, I began to control my eating, considering it another solution to my homesickness. But soon there was something wrong with me.Finally, I went to see a doctor. When the doctor told me I had no choice but to take time away from school, I started to fear. How could I stop? School was what I was best at. “I’m not so bad,” I thought in my head. But the result was that I was taken to hospital again a month later and my mother camewoefully. I had to take a semester off from school, and go to the treatment center near my home.If there are girls who are suffering similarly, I hope you know that there is hope and that you should have a positive attitude towards life. Though you may feel alone, there are so many people who can understand your struggle. That’s why I want to share my story.4. Why did the author push herself during high school?A. She wanted to attend the University of San Francisco.B. It cost too much to study in a private school.C. Her parents controlled much of her life.D. Her family put her under pressure,5. What can we know about the author in the first two weeks?A. She couldn't fall asleep because of pressure.B. She couldn't pay attention to her study.C. She couldn't deal with her homesickness.D. She couldn't catch up with others.6. What does the underlined word “woefully” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Sadly.B. Surprisingly.C. Curiously.D. Happily.7. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?A. To look back on her past life.B. To increase her own confidence.C. To express appreciation to her mother.D. To encourage other girls like her to be positive.CA PhD student inMichigandefended her paper while wearing a skirt madeof rejection letters she received while studying. 29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences — then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it. "The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed," she said. "A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way."Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science atMichiganStateUniversity, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process.As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture inGermany.Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds?"I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way," she joked heartily, "Maybe I'll make a longer skirt."8. What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?A. She received 17 rejections in total.B. 29 of her rejections were from journals.C. The rejections were connected into a fan.D. She made some rejection letters into a skirt.9. What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?A. Favorable.B. Ambiguous.C. Skeptical.D. Opposed.10. Which of the following words can best describe Catlin?A. Creative and considerate.B. Caring and determined.C. Optimistic and humorous.D. Generous and intelligent.11. Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?A. Hard work pays off.B. Education is the entrance to success.C. Self-respect earns more respect.D. One needs to normalize failures.DThermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.“This looks like a very smart way to realize high performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. He notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot side and a cool side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A device’s success at preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 whenMercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, it’s a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide the team makes is mixed with Na, creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an “n-type” version to conduct negative charges.Zhao’s team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear path to making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65% of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.12. The first paragraph wants to tell us________.A. The wide use of thermoelectric generatorsB. The devices of current thermoelectric generatorsC. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectricsD. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection13. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?A. Indifferent.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Worried.14. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?A. It was far from a success for practical applications.B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devicesD. A “p-type” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges15. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?A. Recycle.B. Produce.C. Clean.D. Increase.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

杨浦区2018学年第二学期期中髙三英语学科教学质量监控试卷(时间120分钟，分值140分）2019年4月9日考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第1卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it. read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the hospital.D. At the hotel.2. A. Tourist guide and traveler. B. Insurance agent and applicant.C. Electrician and customer.D. Receptionist and guest.3. A. It should be re-ordered in some parts.B.It ought to include more information.C.It needs a content page to make it complete.D.It should add some notes to introduce the background.4. A. Computer modeling. B. Business management.C. Statistics.D. Board design.5. A. £24$. B. £490C. £735.D. £9806. A. The way to buy a sweater out of stock.B.The delayed delivery of a parcel.C.The refund policy of the store.D.The proper size of a sweater.7. A. The man doesn't know why the woman likes tofu so much.B.The man's eating habit is quite different from the woman's.C.The woman has decided not to be a vegetarian.D.The woman usually avoids any kind of animal meat.8. A. It's more convenient to pay in the supermarkets.B.Convenience stores do not bring convenience at all.C.Many goods are not available in the convenience stores.D.Customers pay more for the same goods in convenience stores.9. A. The man is looking for a needle in his uniform.B.The woman thinks it difficult to find the uniforms.C.The woman doesn't know the location of the school.D.The man implies his uniforms are hidden in a haystack(干草垛).10. A. They used to be buried underground.B.They can't represent the look of the area.C.They are hidden danger in the neighborhood.D.They have historical values and should be protected.Section BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To raise money for a local charity.B.To kill time when waiting for the train.C.To record the details of theD.To prove her knitting skills and efficiency.12. A. A less than five minutes' delay,B. A delay of five to thirty minutes.C. A delay for more than thirty minutes.D.Two delays to and from work.13. A. The Germany Woman was too unlucky and deserved Sympathy.B. A hand-made scarf could be sold at such a high price on eBay.C.Its owner donated so much money to help the homeless people.D.It was a creative idea and represented many people's frustration.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A funny engineer.B. A skillful cook.C. A popular comedian.D. A talented clown.15. A. It takes about 225 days to reach the destination.B.Astronauts feel stressed and worried in a small space.C.Astronauts have to pull each other to keep their balance.D.Mechanical problems are more likely to occur in a spacecraft.16. A. What explorers eat on their journey is of crucial importance.B. An amateur can play a more important role than a professional.C.Humorous people can keep the group together in difficult situations.D. A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following Conversation.17. A. Cooking involves too much work.B.Cooking a small amount costs more.C.Eating leftovers is unhealthy.D.She doesn't like wasting food.18. A. Leave extra food in the fridge. B. Share foodC. Order a small amount of meal.D. Control her appetite.19. A. Wash dishes. B. Answer e-mails.C. Chat with friends.D. Buy the groceries.20. A. He enjoys the precious time of eating meals together at home.B.He considers eating delicious leftovers in the office as a luxury.C.He doesn't like washing dishes and leaves it to the last minute.D.He never goes to the restaurant as he's very good at cooking.Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My head was so full of digital noise (21) _______ it felt like my brain was about to explode. I had no greater power of concentration than a goldfish and the lifeless stare of a goldfish as well. As a writer, I was ashamed to admit that my love of books had been weakened by a brain that simply could not sit still.So, at the start of this year I committed to restoring books to the place that they held in my life before the Internet broke my brain.My goal was 52 books: It seemed like an impossible task. A 400-page book will take the average person around eight hours to read. Finding the time to read was a challenge but here’s how I did it. Firstly, I decided to treat my mind like a child (22) _______ (behave) badly and lay down some ground rules. Then I decided that I (23) _______ (read) for an hour or two at a time (24) _______ distraction each day. It was something I hadn’t done in years and it was scary (25) _______ difficult it was.In his book, The Distracted Mind, Larry Rosen says that the more we practice spending time away from our electronic devices, the(26) _______ (calm) and more focused we become. And this is what I found. Again and again, I would gently bring myself back to the page, resisting the urge(27) _______ (reach ) for that screen. I took inspiration from Nikki Gemmell, who describes in On Quiet, how investing in a safe to lock away her family’s devices for long periods had opened up a space for deep reflection.For me, finding that quiet time meant finding time in my day just to read. It was a date between me and my book. And it meant actively choosing to read at times (28) _______ I ordinarily would reach for my phone.I read on the tram, at the park, in red at night and on lunch breaks.(29) _______ (renew) my love affair with books, I created a sacred space where I pressed pause and found inspiration, knowledge and reflection. In our modern world, reading for the sake of reading is not selfish. It is a powerful and beneficial way to slow down and be(30) _______.Section BIII. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. intentionsB. featureC. invitingD. conservationE. entertainingF. matchedG. confusedH. fascinationI. survive J. defining K. evaluateThe odds are high that you’ve seen a beauty pageant（选美比赛）or two in your life. They are among the most attended and viewed events in the world. Despite numerous different opinions, beauty pageants continue to not only 31 but also become more popular.Miss World, Miss Universe, Miss International and Miss Earth are known as the Big Four beauty pageants, and all of them continue to this day. These competitions 32 young women on their physical attractiveness, of course, but they also are judged on their personality, intelligence, talent, and responses to interview-based questions. The eventual winners receive prizes including cash, scholarships, clothes, beauty queen crowns, and of course, the title of the event for one year.All these awards do not come cheap for the young ladies. They have duties to fulfill while holding their titles. Beauty queens often appear at functions to raise social awareness about environmental and socialissues such as nature 33 , racial or gender discrimination, and disease prevention. By projecting the image of a well-educated, respectable character 34 with a successful personality, every beauty pageant winner is seen as a role model, and not just for young girls alone.Some beauty contests 35 men rather than women. Similar to their feminine counterparts, men enter Mister Global, Mister International, and Mister World for their looks, style, and talent. These contests should not be 36 with the Mister Universe contest, which is an annual bodybuilding competition.There are other strange and 37 pageants all over the world that celebrate everything from being old to being pregnant.Beauty contests, whether organized with noble 38 or just for fun, have attracted criticism since they were first held. Some critics object to the focus on physical beauty, especially emphasis on a certain stature and body shape. Further, they point out that some participants will actually have themselves through dieting or plastic surgery to achieve the perfect appearance. Despite these complaints, beauty may be only skin deep, but 39 it and competing for the glory of being the fairest of them all holds a timeless and universal 40____.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.China and India Dominate the Greening of EarthOver the last two decades, the Earth has seen an increase in foliage（植物）around the planet, measured in average leaf area per year on plants and trees. Data from NASA satellites shows that China and India – two ___41___ economies with the world’s biggest populations – are ___42___ the increase in greening on land. The effect comes mostly from ___43___ tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.Researchers from Boston University found that global green leaf area has increased by five percent since the early 2000s, an area ___44___ to the entire Amazon rainforest. The study was also published in the journal Nature Sustainability on February 11. It revealed that at least 25 percent of the global foliage ___45___ this century came in China.“China and India ___46___ one-third of the greening, but contain only nice percent of the planet’s land area covered in vegetation,” said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University. “That is a surprising finding, considering the general idea of land degradation（退化）in populous countries from ___47____.”China’s ____48____ contribution to the global greening trend came in large part from programs to conserve and expand forest, accounting for about 42 percent of the greening contribution. These programs were developed in an effort to ____49____ the effects of air pollution, soil erosion and climate change.Another 32 percent of the greening change in China, and 82 percent in India, resulted from intensive ___50___ of food crops. The land area used to grow crops in China and India has not changed much since the early 2000s. Yet both countries have greatly increased annual total green leaf area and food production in order to ___51___ large populations.Rama Nemani, a research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, saw a(n) ___52___ message in the new findings. “ One people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it,” he said.” In the 1970s and 80s in India and China, the situation around vegetation loss was not good. In the 1990s, people realized it, and today things have improved. Humans are ___53___ resilient（复原快的，适应力强的）. That’s what we see in the satellite data.”___54___, the researchers rang bells as well. They pointed out that the gain in global greenness did not ___55___ make up for the loss of natural vegetation in tropical regions like Brazil and Indonesia.41. A. emerging B. declining C. stimulating D. intruding42. A. imposing B. contributing C. leading D. creating43. A. fertile B. extreme C. harmonious D. ambitious44. A. distant B. equivalent C. relevant D. resistant45. A. expansion B. substitution C. innovation D. correction46. A. account for B. take in C. stand for D. consist of47. A. over-reaction B. over-exploitationC. over- generationD. over-explanation48. A.considerate B. tremendous C. magnificent D.irregular49. A. forbid B. investigate C. boost D. reduce50. A. cultivation B. demand C. destruction D. supply51. A. cut B. employ C. feed D. treat52. A. secret B. brief C. urgent D. positive53. A. continuously B. incredibly C. initially D. obviously54. A. Moreover B. Meanwhile C. However D. Therefore55. A. necessarily B. generally C. fortunately D. thoroughlySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Life-changing Antique Navajo BlanketA California man and his family went from rags to riches after discovering that the blanket given to him by his grandmother was worth a small fortune. Loren Krylzer was living in a small hut and barely getting by on his disability payments. One day, he happened to be watching Antiques Roadshow on TV when he learned that the forgotten old blanket in his closet might be valuable. The Krytzer family heirloom （传家宝）turned out to be an antique（古老的）Novajo weaving from the 19th century that fetched US $1.5 million at auction（拍卖会）。

2019年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．At a restaurant．B．In a plane．C．In an office．D．At a hotel．2．（1分）A．Doctor and patientB．Professor and student．C．Customer and waiter．D．Secretary and manager．3．（1分）A．7：00 p．m．B．4：45 p．m．C．5：00 p．m．D．5：30 p．m．4．（1分）A．Satisfied．B．Understanding．C．Doubtful．D．Appreciative．5．（1分）A．Dick is a real horse lover．B．Dick will go to town．C．Dick will break his word．D．Dick will finish the task．6．（1分）A．¥110．B．¥165C．¥220D．¥1357．（1分）A．The woman should decide where to travel．B．The woman should ask others for advice．C．He will make the decisionD．He is going abroad．8．（1分）A．How to cultivate a hobby．B．What to listen to．C．How to handle stress．D．What to read．9．（1分）A．She is lovely．B．She is ambitious．C．She is humorous．D．She is responsible．10．（1分）A．The man prefers dining out tonight．B．There's something wrong with the kitchen．C．The woman would not help the man with cooking．D．The woman doesn't think cooking at home is a good idea．Section B （15分）Directions：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．Animals have emotion and social skills．B．Animals' mental experience can be tested．C．Animals' choice of partnership relies on pictures．D．Animals feel pain in the same way that humans do．（2）A．Identify a familiar face．B．Make a crying sound．C．Build up short﹣up term partnershipsD．Avoid being shut in the same stall．（3）A．Cows can remember what happened in the past．B．Cows are better at making friends with people．C．Cows are happy when seeing a familiar face．D．Cows have a better memory than sheep．12．（4.5分）（1）A．When one's throat is soft．B．When one dreams at night．C．When one sleeps with the mouth open．D．When one breathes with the mouth closed．（2）A．Two．B．Three．C．Four．D．Five．（3）A． A new anti﹣snoring device．B．A tissue causing snoring．C．A university dentist．D．A common problem．13．（6分）（1）A．Simon．B．Lisa．C．Mr．Green．D．The repairman．（2）A．The ceiling was broken．B．The apartment was falling．C．The lights were not working．D．The air﹣conditioner was out of order．（3）A．He would get a repair person to repair the room．B．He had taken the cost from the rent check．C．He needed a month to get the job done．D．He would take the apartment back．（4）A．Skills for fixing an apartment．B．A request for legal consultation．C．A tip for dealing with landlords．D．Steps of signing renting contracts．II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）Wayward Penguin（企鹅）Released South of New ZealandHe needed a little push before speeding backward down a slide．Once in the water，he held his head up for one last look．And then he was gone．The wayward emperor penguin （1）（know）as "Happy Feet" was back home in Antarctic waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand．Happy Feet was released into the ocean south of New Zealand on Sunday，more than two months after he came ashore on a beach nearly 2，000 miles from home and became an instant celebrity．（2）（speak）from a satellite phone，Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said Happy Feet's release went remarkably smoothly．Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part of the ship for his final send﹣off．（3）when they opened the door of the box，the penguin showed no interest in leaving．"I needed to give him a little tap on his back，" Argilla said．The penguin slipped down the slide on his stomach，bottom first，she said．He resurfaced about 6feet from the boat，（4）（take）a look up at the people aboard，and then disappeared beneath the surface．"I was really happy to see him go，" Argilla said．"The best part of my job is when you get to release animals back into the wild （5）they are supposed to be．"The 3﹣foot﹣tall bird was found on June 20 on Peka Peka Beach，about 40 miles northwest of New Zealand's capital，Wellington．It has been 44 years （6）an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand．At first，conservation authorities said they would wait and let nature take its course with the penguin．But it soon became clear the bird's condition was growing （7）（bad），as he swallowed sand and，likely mistaking it for snow．（8）the world watching，authorities finally took action，moving the penguin to the Wellington Zoo four days after he was discovered．It was at the zoo （9）the bird was given a home in a room filled with a bed of ice so he wouldn't overheat．Now that Happy Feet （10）（nurse）back to health，his chances are as good as they are for any other penguin in the wild．"He swam away，not caring about us anymore，" Argilla said．She paused．"And that is a good thing，" she said．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）Is climate change consuming your favorite foods？Coffee：Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day，the effects of climate change on the world's coffee﹣growing regions may leave you little choice．C（1）America，Africa，Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns，which invite disease and （2）species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans．The result？Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup．It is estimated that，if current climate patterns continue，half of the areas（3）suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050．Tea：When it comes to tea，warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren't only （4）the world's tea﹣growing regions，they're also messing with its distinct flavor．For example，in India，researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall，making tea flavor weaker．Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea﹣producing areas in some places，（5）East Africa，could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change．Tea pickers are also feeling the （6）of climate change．During harvest season，increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers．Seafood：Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture．As air temperatures rise，oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and（7）warming of their own．The result is a decline in fish population，including in lobsters （who are cold﹣blooded creatures），and salmon （whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps）．Warmer waters also （8）toxic marine bacteria，like Vibrio，to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood，like oysters or sashimi．And that （9）"crack" you get when eating crab and lobster？It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium（碳）carbonate shells，a result of ocean acidification （absorb carbon dioxide from the air）．According to a study，scientists predicted that if over﹣fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate，the world's seafood （10）would run out by the year 2050．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）Michael Wang was a senior at James Logan High School，US，back in 2012．According to The New Yorker，he was confident that he could get into an Ivy League university，such as Harvard or Yale．He had a high GPA，（1）at debating and co﹣founded a math club．He was also a talented pianist．（2），his dream universities turned him down．His less talented classmates，who were Hispanic or African ﹣American，were admitted into these schools．It made him wonder if he was （3）because he was Asian．On Oct 15，a lawsuit against Harvard brought on behalf of Asian﹣American students like Wang Began．students for Fair Admissions（SFFA），a US non﹣profit organization．（4）Harvard for using racial balancing in their admissions process．Harvard has denied the （5）considers many factors（6）whether a student should be admitted，including academic performance and extracurricular activities．Harvard added that the number of Asian﹣Americans admitted to the school had greatly increased since 2010．"Race alone is never the reason a students （7）admission，"William Lee，a lawyer for Harvard，told the guardian．"And race is never the reason a student is denied．"Harvard is not the only university to have been accused of （8）against Asian ﹣Americans．In September，the US Justice Department begin to（9）whether Yale University discriminates against Asian﹣Americans，The case has （10） a longstanding debate over affirmative action policies（平均法案政策）that allow universities to use race as a factor when considering applications．The policies（11）benefit African ﹣American and latino students in an effort to make up for centuries of racial discrimination，according to THE NEW YORK Times，the SFFA wants the use of race in the admissions process to be ended，（12）that it causes inequality．"People should be judged on character a and （13），"However，in a student，Havard said that （14）the race criterion would "reduce students' opportunities to live and learn in a diverse campus environment"．Although the case has just begun，the （15）"judgement" could influence admissions to US universities for years to come，" according to AI Jaxeera，a Qatar based TV station（1）A．crazy B．amazed C．gifted D．slow（2）A．Besides B．Fortunately C．Undoubtedly D．However（3）A．rejected B．dismissed C．enclosed D．stopped（4）A．trapped B．oppressed C．sued D．blamed（5）A．charge B．mistake C．claim D．compaint（6）A．conforming B．determining C．acknowledging D．surveying（7）A．robbed B．granted C．entitled D．convinced（8）A．preference B．favor C．opposition D．discrimination （9）A．investigate B．research C．wonder D．inquire（10）A．preference B．infected C．fueled D．brought（11）A．necessarily B．equally C．traditionally D．unintentionally （12）A．consider B．debating C．annoying D．arguing（13）A．acaedemice B．stength C．benefit D moralities（14）A．dropping B．setting C．implementing D．imposing（15）A．official B．existent C．gradual D．eventual Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Jack London，one of America's major writers of adventure tales，was born in California in 1876．During his life，London worked at many jobs．His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing．London loved to read．As a teenager，he spent many hours educating himself at the Oakland，California，public library．He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley，but he stayed for only six months．He thought Berkeley was "not lively enough"and wanted to do something more exciting．London wrote stories about working people and the hard times they had making a living．He knew their problems first hand．He worked as a sailor，farmer，factory employee，railroad worker，and gold prospector，to name just a few of his many jobs．London grew up near the waterfront in Oakland．He loved the water．When he was fifteen years old，he bought a small sailboat called a sloop．Later he sailed to Japan on a schooner，which is a much larger sailing boat．Like many people of the time，London caught the Klondike Gold Rush Fever．In 1897，he headed for Alaska．He didn't find gold，but he discovered something even more valuable．He discovered that people enjoyed listening to the stories he made up with his vivid imagination．London entertained the miners with story after story．Later，using his experiences during the Gold Rush，he created many more colorful stories．London resolved to live a full，exciting life．He once said，"I would rather be a superb meteor（流星），every atom of me in magnificent glow，than a sleepy and permanent planet．"Each day，he pushed himself．Once London determined that he was going to be a writer，nothing could stop him．His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day．He refused to stop even when he was sick．In eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣onebooks and hundreds of articles．He was the best﹣selling and highest﹣paid author of his day．Many people also considered him to be the best writer．White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wilderness．Readers can enjoy Jack London's energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels．（1）Why was Jack London able to write on many topics？A．He pushed himself to reach goals．B．He had a variety of experiences and jobs．C．He was drawn to the Klondike Gold Rush．D．He was the best﹣selling and highest﹣paid author．（2）What prevented Jack London form finishing college？A．That he was hired to sail to Japan．B．That he traveled to Alaska in 1897．C．That he spent much of his time writing．D．That he was not interested in college life enough．（3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London．A．is expert at universe．B．aims high and strive to succeed．C．is excited about life if the wildness．D．face a choice between life and death．（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？A．To support the statement that London was the "best writer？．B．To describe life during the klondike Gold Rush．C．To provide information on Jack ‘s life．D．To identify books written by Jack London．18．（6分）USING YOUR GOLDEN ARROW MULTIPURPOSE CALCULATOR TO DETERMINE THE DA TE AND TIME AT YOUR LOCA TION AS WELL AS LOCA TIONS AROUND THE GLOBE SEETING THE DATE AND TIME FOR YOUR LOCATION Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate code that corresponds with the time zone inwhich you live．Select the major city that shares your time zone．Press the code that corresponds to that city （e．g．，if you live in Washington ，Oregon California，or Nevada，all of which are located in the Pacific time zone，you would choose Los Angeles and press the corresponding code which is the 1key）．1．Press TIME twice．The two digits representing hours will begin to flash．2．Depress and hold the ▲or▼key until the desired hour flashes．Then release．3．Press SET．The two digits representing minutes will begin to flash．4．Depress and hold the ▲or▼key until the desired minute fleshes．Then release．5．Press SET．The two digits representing seconds will begin to flash．6．Depress and hold the ▲or▼key until 00 flashes．The release．7．Press SET．To set the year，month，and day press DATE three times．Then repeat steps 2 through 7．NOTE：At this point，hour ，minutes and seconds will change to year，month，and day．DETERMINAING DA TE AND TIME FOR THE WORLD'S16 TIME ZONES1．PRESS ZONE TWICE．2．Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate the code that corresponds to the time zone for which you desire the date and time．Press that code （e．g．，press ＝to determine the date and time in Hong Kong）．The selected date and time will alternately display for 10 seconds and then return automatically to your home date and time．﹣﹣（1）This article serves to explain how to．A．press the or keys to adjust timeB．determine the time zone around the worldC．set global locations to find Pacific time zoneD．use the calculator to display time，date and location（2）If you are at a net meeting in London at 9 a．m．，what time is it for your colleagues in Japan？A．9 p．m．．B．6 p．m．．C．11 a．m．．D．8 a．m．．（3）What sequence of steps would you follow to check the time in Moscow？A．Press ZONE twice．Press 9．B．Press ZONE twice．Press+3．C．Press ZONE twice．Press 9．Press+3．D．Press ZONE twice．Press 9 three times．19．（8分）Medicine is the most noble of all the arts，but owing to the ignorance of those whopractice it，and those who inconsiderately form a judgment of them，it is now far behind all the other arts．Their mistake appears to me to arise principally from the fact that there is no punishment for the practice of medicine except disgrace，and that does not hurt those who are familiar with it．Such persons are like the figures introduced in tragedies，for as they have the shape，and dress，and appearance of an actor，but are not actors，so also physicians are many in title but very few in reality．Whoever is to acquire a competent knowledge of medicine ought to proccess the following advantages：a natural character；instruction；a favorable position for the study；early tuition；love for labor；leisure．First of all，a natural talent is required，for Nature leads the way to what is most excellent；then instruction in the art takes place，which the student must try to adopt by reflection，becoming an early pupil in a place well adapted for instruction．He must also bring to the task a love of labor and perseverance to ensure the instruction takes root．Instruction in medicine is like the culture of the productions of the earth．For our natural character，is，as it were，the soil；the principals of our teacher are，as it were，the seed．Instruction in youth is like the planting of the seed in the ground at the proper season．Diligent study is like the cultivation of the fields；and it is time which passes on strength to all things and brings them to maturity．Having brought all these essentials to the study of medicine，and having acquired a true knowledge of it，we shall thus，in travelling around，be respected physicians not only in name but in reality．Inexperience is a bad trait，and does harm to those who possess it，nurturing either timidity or audacity（胆大安为）．For timidity reveals a want of powers，and audacity a lack of skill．Physicians who are eager for power or those who are undertrained are not a blessing to a community．Those things which are sacred or noble，are to be delivered only to sacred persons；and it is wrong to import them to the profane until they have been initiated in the mysteries of the science．（1）Based on paragraph 1，which of the following best characterizes bad physicians？A．They are greedy．B．They are pretenders．C．They are difficult to contact．D．They are the minority．（2）According to paragraph 2，what must accompany the personal quality of a physician？A．A good education．B．A supportive family．C．Approval from the authority．D．Popularity in the community．（3）If the author of the passage were to use a heading for each paragraph，which heading would fit best before paragraph 3？A．An Herbal Treatment．B．Medicine and Gardening．C．The Growth of a Physician．D．Understanding Agriculture First．（4）Based on the underlined sentences in paragraph 5，what is the relationship between the words "sacred" and "profane"？A．The two words are exactly the same in meaning．B．The two words are similar in meaning．C．The two words are of the same root．D．The two words are opposites．Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）Help Migrant WorkersThere is nothing like going home．More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion．For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more．To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year's toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of．（1）．They had to press hard for their defaulted payments，the salaries that were failed to pay up．About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades．It is almost impossible to imagine life in these places without them．However，they still form a disadvantaged group．Their rights are violated in different forms．Among other things，unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions．（2）．（3）They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them．Yet，as the financial crisis bites deep，some small enterprises that are struck the most try to reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them．So it is particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager﹣turned﹣workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival．It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special taskforces to conduct inspections in those labor﹣intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely and fair manner．Construction commissions in almost all provinces have published hotlines for farmer﹣turned﹣construction workers to lodge complaints against their employers for withholding their salaries．（4）．But we needto look for solutions that will work at all times．We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers from holding back salaries to workers．Ⅳ. Summary Writing.21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．To Friend or UnfriendSocial networking makes it very easy to have friends ﹣lots and lots friends．Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ，Wechat，and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online．However，the meaning of the word "friend" seems changed．In the past，a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with．Now，anyone in the worldcan be your friend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends，but what do you do if you don't want to have so many friends？Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse．in recent years，it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it ﹣to "unfriend"．The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this："to remove someone as a ‘friend' from social networking site"．But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone？The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life．For example，some friends post messages much too frequently，especially those messages found to be extremely boring．They endlessly post status updates which say something like "I'm cooking dinner" or "I'm doing homework"．Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues．A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites．Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon，far more online friendships end suddenly than off﹣line ones．Even in this computer age，it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face﹣to face．After all，that's what friends are for!Ⅴ. Translation.Directions：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）人们普遍认为对颜色的偏爱能反映一个人的性格．（It）23．（3分）安全起见，你最好出发前查一下地图，避开拥堵的路线．（sake）24．（4分）我没想到的是，现在养老院是一床难求．（that）25．（5分）这个乡间度假村至今还没有配备无线网络，这给游客带来诸多不便．（equip）Ⅵ. Guided Writing.26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假如你是李磊，你所在的学校下学期组织多种社会实践活动（social practice activity）．提供的社会实践岗位包括在地铁站做引导，在医院协助接待咨询，在辅读学校（special education school）担任助教等．请就此写一篇日记．你的日记必须包括：●你选择的岗位和理由；●该岗位会带来的挑战和收获．（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称．）2019年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．【解答】B2．【解答】B3．【解答】A4．【解答】C5．【解答】D6．【解答】C7．【解答】A8．【解答】C9．【解答】D10．【解答】DSection B （15分）Directions：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．【解答】11﹣13 ADA12．【解答】14﹣16 CCB13．【解答】17﹣20 BDDBII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．【解答】1．known．考查非谓语，be known as：作为…被熟知，以…著称，这里是非谓语做后置定语，故填known．2．Speaking．考查现在分词，Lisa Argilla 与speak是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填speaking．3．But，考查连词，但是当他们打开门的时候，企鹅没有表现出离开的兴趣，表示转折，故填but．4．took．考查动词，该句是and并列三个动词resurfaced，took以及disappeared．故填动词的过去时took．5．where．考查连词，该句是where引导的定语从句，先行词是the wild，在定语从句中做地点状语，故填关系副词where．6．since．考查连词，since与完成时态连用，这里表示自从，故填since．7．worse．考查比较级，企鹅的状况越来越差，表示比较，故填worse．8．With．考查介词，with引导的复合结构，随着世界的关注，故填with．9．that．考查连词，该句是it was…that的强调句，强调at the zoo，故填that．10．has been nursed．考查时态，既然企鹅已经重获健康，表示已经完成的动作，而且主语是单数，故填现在完成时的被动语态has been nursed．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．【解答】DJCAI KBGEH1．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，美国、非洲、亚洲和夏威夷的种植园都受到不断上升的气温和不稳定的降雨模式的威胁．故选D．2．J．句意理解题．根据句意可知，是什么让疾病和入侵物种生活在咖啡树和成熟的咖啡豆上．故选J．3．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，如果目前的气候模式继续下去，到2050年，目前适合咖啡生产的地区将有一半无法实现．故选C．4．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，说到茶叶，温暖的气候和不稳定的降水不仅使世界茶叶种植区萎缩，还扰乱了其独特的风味．故选A．5．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，南安普敦大学最近的研究表明，随着降水量和气温的变化，一些地方的产茶地区，特别是东非，到2050年可能会减少55%．故选I．6．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，采茶者也感受到了气候变化的影响．故选K．7．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，随着空气温度的上升，海洋和水路会吸收一部分热量并经历自身的变暖．故选B．8．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温暖的海水还会促使弧菌等有毒海洋细菌的生长，并在人类食用生海鲜（如牡蛎或生鱼片）时致病．故选G．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，当你吃螃蟹和龙虾时，你会得到令人满意的"crack"．故选E．10．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，根据一项研究，科学家预测，如果过度捕捞和温度上升的趋势继续以目前的速度发展下去，到2050年，世界海产品储备将会耗尽．故选H．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．【解答】1﹣5 CDACA 6﹣10 BBDAC 11﹣15 CDBAD1．C．考查形容词及语境理解．根据He had a high GPA，（1）at debating and co﹣foundeda math club可知，他的学分绩点很高，擅长辩论，故答案为C．2．D．考查副词及语境理解．根据He was also a talented pianist．（2），his dream universities turned him down可知，前后两句的关系为转折关系，用转折连词however，故答案为D．3．A．考查动词及语境理解．A．rejected拒绝；B．dismissed 开除；C．enclosed 围住；D．stopped 停止；根据It made him wonder if he was （3）because he was Asian 可知，这令他怀疑自己落榜的原因是否因为身为亚裔，故答案为A．4．C．考查动词及语境理解．根据students for Fair Admissions（SFFA），a US non﹣profit organization．（4）Harvard for using racial balancing in their admissions process可知，美国非营利组织"学生公平录取"状告哈佛在录取过程中，使用了种族平衡的手段，故答案为C．5．A．考查名词及语境理解．根据Harvard has denied the （5）可知，哈佛大学否认了这项控诉，故答案为A．6．B．考查动词及语境理解．A．conforming 符合，遵守；B．determining 决定；C．acknowledging承认；D．surveying调查；根据considers many factors（6）whethera student should be admitted，including academic performance and extracurricular activities可知，称在录取学生时会考虑许多因素，如学术表现、课外活动等等，故答案为B．7．B．考查动词及语境理解．A．robbed抢劫；B．granted授予，承认；C．entitled。

2019 年高考试题 - 英语（上海卷）解析版注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！无论是单选、多选还是论述题，最重要的就是看清题意。

在论述题中，问题大多具有委婉性，尤其是历年真题部分，在给考生较大发挥空间的同时也大大增加了考试难度。

考生要认真阅读题目中提供的有限材料，明确考察要点，最大限度的挖掘材料中的有效信息，建议考生答题时用笔将重点勾画出来，方便反复细读。

只有经过仔细推敲，揣摩命题老师的意图，积极联想知识点，分析答题角度，才能够将考点锁定，明确题意。

I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections: InsectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Atthee ndofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthe questionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,rea dthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestio nyouhaveheard.1.W:Canyoudescribewhatyoudo?M:Iwashofficebuildingwindows.Igohighupinthebaskettoreachthewindows.Q:Whatistheman'sjob?A.Abasketballplayer.B.Alaundryworker.C.Awindowwasher.D.Arockclimber【答案】 C.Awindowwasher.【解析】这是一道事实细节题。

2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bieycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living． Many of the workers are immigrants．Electric bicycles， or "e﹣bikes，" look like regular bicycles， but they have electric﹣powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward． Most e﹣bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour， but some can go much （1）________ （fast）．（2）________ it is legal to own e﹣bikes in New York City， it is not legal to operate them． Officials there consider the dangerous use of e﹣bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason （3）________ the ban． Last year， the city announced severe measures （4）________ （mean） to hold e﹣bike riders and restaurant that employ the riders responsible．E﹣bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban． The police （5）________also seize the bikes．Many of New York's delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s． Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours （6）________ （earn） enough money to live on．Delivery worker Deging Lian said it is important to perform quality work （7）________their job also depends on tips． He added that when delivery workers are too slow， some people refuse to pay for the food， which makes the workers' supervisors angry．Ligiang Liu is an e﹣bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union． He says （8）________ （catch） breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers．Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project，（9）________ provides assistance to bicycle﹣related workers in New York City． He says the city's ban on e﹣bikes is unfairly targeting low﹣paid workers who largely come from the city's Latino and Asian communities． He does not accept the argument （10）________ e﹣bikes present a danger tocitizens． However， many New Yorkers are quick to blame e﹣bike riders for not being safe．Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2.People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch， but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal， it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal， according to scientists．A new study has found that restaurant （1）_______ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price． The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their （2）_______ of how food tastes．Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffer （自助餐） in a restaurant． The price of the food was set by the （3）_______ at either ﹩4 or ﹩8 for the all﹣you﹣can﹣eat meal． Customers were asked to （4）_______ how good the food tasted， the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names．The experiment （5）_______ that the people who paid ﹩8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet． Interestingly those that paid for the﹩4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they （6）_______． However， the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity offood in total， according to the study （7）_______ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week．Brian Wansink， a professor of （8）_______ behaviour at the university， said： "We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats， but a huge impact on how you （9）_______ the experience．" He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change howtasty people find their meals．In a（n）（10）_______ study， scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories （卡路里） than people who eat in brightly lit areas．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3.How Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer． This flight﹣disturbing （1）_______ is a warning sign． Climate change is projected to have far﹣reaching （2）_______ ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long﹣term declines in agricultural production． And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft with potential effects on airline （3）_______．National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have beer﹣designed for the climate in which it all developed． In the aviation （航空）industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced （4）_______ Because the climate is changing even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be （5）_______As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect （6）_______ around the world． We'vefound that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more fre quent takeoff weight （7）_______ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed．There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago． And if we （8）_______ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity or these extremes is projected to increase dramatically．The （9）_______ on aviation may be widespread． Many airports are built near sealevel, puttingthem at risk of more frequent （10）_______ as oceans rise． The frequency and intensityof violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high﹣altitude （高海拔的） winds．Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths androutings, potentially increasing fuel （11）_______．Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously （12）_______ the effects of climate change． The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and have （13）_______ effects． Today's newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years, and their （14）_______ are being designed now． The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptations can be． Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate﹣altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also （15）_______ it．（1）A schemeB heatC shiftD mess（2）A contributionsB confusionC feedbacksD consequences（3）A pilotsB reservationsC costsD accidents（4）A historicallyB enormouslyC fundamentallyD domestically（5）A retestedB implementedC prospectedD reengineered（6）A travelsB developmentsC flightsD communications（7）A disordersB gainsC bansD restrictions（8）A happenB failC aimD promise（9）A taxesB effectsC viewpointsD comments（10）A floodingB rottingC repairingD transferring（11）A standardB efficiencyC distributionD consumption（12）A considerB avoidC maximizeD demonstrate（13）A greaterB differentC lastingD direct（14）A airportsB productsC contractsD replacements（15）A sneezing atB responding to D recovering fromC resulting inSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. Flu is killing us． The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future． Yes, we have an annual vaccine （疫苗）, and everyone qualified should get it without question． The reality, however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines． And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years． We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine．In the U．S． alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36million infections, three﹣quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56, 000 deaths． We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communitiesWhy not? We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time． So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us．The risk of continued foot dragging is huge． In a severe widespread disease, theU．S． health care system could be defeated in just weeks． Millions of people would be infected by the virus, and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak． The cost of preventing epidemics （流行病） is roughly a tenth of what it costs to copewith themwhen they hit． In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion﹣dollarU．S． commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine． Six years later, the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded．The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction． As soon as headlines about the fluare going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients, and school and workplace absence rates decline, we go back to business as usual．Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much saferfrom flu．They need your quick and decisive support to succeed． Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones（1）The problem of the current flu vaccines is that________．A they are not available every yearB most Americans are not allowed to getthem C not everyone is qualified for them D many people still catch flu after getting them．（2）What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4？________A Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks．B The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu．C Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention．D Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future．．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu．B The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases．C The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention．D Developing a universal flu vaccine willcost more than dealing with flu．．（4）The author wrote the passage mainly to________．A teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccineD urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu．5. How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Global Blue Tax Free Form． If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card, see "How tofil in your Tax Free Forms"．Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure．Remember no refund without:Completed Receipts CustomsForm attached validation （验证）At the point of departureFor non﹣EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked﹣in luggage:1． Check your luggage in at the check﹣in counter, tell the check﹣in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes．2． Take the labelled luggage to Customs, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped3． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service providerGoods carried in hand luggage:1． Go to Customs after passport control, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped． Please note: Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU．2． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider．Allow time for the refund process． Go to Customs before or after check﹣in, see Refund Office list． Present your completed Tax Free Forms, receipts, passport, and purchased items to get a stamp．Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo （标识）． Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash．In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks．*EU: European Union（1）Whom is the above information intended for？________A EU residents who want to get their tax refunded．B Non﹣EU residents who are going to travel in EU．C EU residents who have Global Blue Tax FreeForms． D Non﹣EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases．．（2）To get your tax refund， you need to________ after having your luggage checked in if you've put your purchased goods in your check﹣in luggage．A show your purchased goods to the check﹣in clerkB cash in your stamped Form at the check﹣in counter．C take back your luggage to the Customs to get astamp D go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage．（3）What can be learned from the passage？________A It's a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund．B It's unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp．C You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry．D You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter．6. A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or Al, made a historic appearance on the auction （拍卖） block at Christie's in New York City this week． It is the first artwork created by an algorithm （算法） to be offered for auction in the world of fine art．The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432, 500 on Oct． 25 in New York City．The portrait designed in the "Old Master" style of European fine artists from centuries ago appears to represent a man with a vague face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn bypeople painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century．Of course, a computer didn't automatically pick up a brush and become an artist． The Al that created the image had human programmers﹣ a Parisian art collective called Obvious, Christie's reported． Their cooperation, titled "Portrait of Edmond De Belamy, " is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch ﹩7, 000 to﹩10, 000, according to Christie's．To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artist Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré told Christie's． The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other． called the Generator （that makes the art） and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human﹣created and Al﹣created images）, Caselles﹣Dupré explained; they called this Al "generative adversarial network" （GAN）, Caselles﹣Dupré explained．GAN's final image was then printed and framed, according to Obvious． At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula （公式） representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective's website．The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co﹣founded by Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré and Gauthier Vernier, was to prove "artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing it can be creative．, " Consumer News and Business Channel reported．Portraiture is a tough task for Al to take on, according to Christie's, "since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be．" This difficulty was part of Obvious' thinking when they created the portrait．"Edmond de Belamy" is one of eleven Al paintings made by Obvious．（1）It can be learned from the passage that the portrait "Edmond de Belamy"________．A was sold at an unexpectedly high priceB was the first artwork sold at anauction C is a painting created by means of brush D is a man who once appeared at the auction．（2）To create a portrait， Al needs to________．A learn from plenty of imagesB use an algorithm with many partsC work against human paintersD recognize its human programmers．（3）What can be concluded from the passage？________A The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless．B The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity．C It is more difficult for Al to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait．D Al is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human．．（4）The passage mainly tells us that________．A Al will soon replace man in some fieldsB an Al﹣created portrait sells high at an auctionC a proper algorithm is the key for Al to create carD Al﹣created paintingsare better received at auctions．Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7.Is New﹣car Smell Bad for Your Health？The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms， for which there's a good reason． That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals， some of which can be highly poisonous．（1）________ Many of these contain volatile （挥发性的） organic compounds （VOCs），some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities． Others are just bad for you．"It's a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances，" said Jeff Gearhart，Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan． The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years， and has noted some improvement． But Gearhart says there is still work to be done．"There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles，" he said． "Since these chemicals are not regulated， consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face．" （2）________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches， dizziness，etc．， depending on the sensitivity of an individual．According to the US Environmental Protection Agency， continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣or even cancer．The danger is the greatest when the car is new， and that new car smell is most noticeable．（3）________ It is the release of chemical vapours， which leads to the smell． Heat from a vehicle left in the sun car make matters worse， and speed up the chemical reaction． The danger is reduced over time， and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months．Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated （通风的）， especially during the first six months of ownership． Park in the shade with the windows open when it's safe to do so， or at least try to air it out before getting inside﹣especially on not days．IV. Summary Writing8. Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passagein no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）The spine stands at the center of your health， providing your body with structure and support． It also contains your spinal cord， a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain． Therefore， it's important to take care of it．Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy． Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight，except for its natural curves． Posture comes into play even when you're asleep． Sleepingon your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions． Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day．Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine． Staying still for too long even if your posture is good﹣ can be hard on your back． Especially if you work at a desk most of the day， it's important to get up and stretch periodically． Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions． Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine． However， don't overdo the exercise， as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine．Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves． In particular， B vitamins help keep nerves healthy， so you may want to consider taking a． supplement （补充物）． Another important factor is vitamin D， which is essential for strong bones， but． it's also absorbed from sunlight， so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应．（adaption）________10. 我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．（enough）________11. 那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生．（originate）________12. 经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的．（independent）________VI. Guided Writing13. Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given belowin Chinese．中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见．假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1﹣2个学校社团发表意见．你的邮件需包括：＞你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因：＞提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议．注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校．2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷答案1. faster,Although,for,meant,can,to earn,because,being caught,which,that2. I,E,D,C,J,A,G,K,H,F3. BDCADCDBBADACDB4. DCCB5. DCA6. AABB7. E,D,B8. From the passage，we know that it's of great importance to look after the spine， because it provides your body with structure and support．（高分句型一）（保护脊柱的重要性）For one thing， to keep your spine fit you should keep good posture．（好的姿势） For another， exercise also plays an important role in the health of your spine．（锻炼） At last ，what also affects the health of your spine is diet， because of many vitamins， which are necessary for bones and nerves．（高分句型二）（饮食）9. Scientists marvel at the rapid adaptation of these plants to the urban environment．10. My sister's class notes are always clear enough tolearn．11. ThecharactersthatoriginatedfromancientChineseliteraturehavebeenreborninthisonlinega me12. Economicglobalizationistheinexorabletrendofeconomicdevelopment，anditisindependent13. Dear Mr．Lin．There are many club organized by our school， such poet's club， painting clubs， singing and dancing groups， etc．These activities organized by these club provide students with many advantages． First of all， poet's club play a positive role in improving students' appreciation of literature， while painting club enables the students develop all around．【高分句型一】（你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因）However， due to the heavy study burden，the activities in the club are not enough to meet the students' needs． Besides， some students are too absorbed in the club to spare time to study．【高分句型二】In my opinion， our school should teach the students in the club how to balance studies and the activities．（解决措施）Yours，Wan Min。

黄浦区2019年高考模拟考英语试卷(完卷时间:120分钟满分:140分)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. By bike.B. By car.C. By bus.D. On foot. 【答案】D【解析】【分析】M: Lucky for me, the shopping mall is within walking distance.W: But I want to go nowhere without a car.Q: How did the man plan to go to the shopping mall at first?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2.A. The man’s violin.B. The man’s hobby.C. The man’s interview.D. The man’s job.【答案】B【解析】【分析】W: David, you play the violin so well.M: Thank you. In fact, I’m an ordinary amateur and I just play it for pleasure. Q: What are they mainly talking about?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．（15分）To Be Joyful，To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？It's probably not what you think．In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）（learn）that real keys are pleasure，joy and freedom．Joy of living is sustainable；fear of dying is not．Why？Because life is to be enjoyed．There's no point （2）（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better，and quickly．When people eat more healthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，and manage stress better，they find they feel so much better，so quickly．It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right，your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen，so you become smarter，have more energy，and need less sleep．Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow，so your skin glows more and wrinkles less．You look younger and more attractive．In contrast，an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）you age more quickly．Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6）decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely．This is why smokers look years older than they really are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）（give）a questionnaire，the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felteach day．The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with （9）who felt more relaxed．Contrarily，some of the women who felt relaxed （10）raising a disabledchild had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．In other words，if you feel stressed，you are stressed．2．（15分）A．uprising B．original C．frequently D．spectacularE．features F．luxuriously G．captured H．approachesI．inhabited J．matters K．ranksWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain．Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）continuously，and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主）one after the other．Some were great builders，strengthening the Castle against （2）and rebellion；others，living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence．William the Conqueror chose the site，high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground．It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）to the capital．The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home，where she usually spends the weekend，and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties．Windsor Castle is （5）used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents．Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．The Castle is huge，so people tend to head for the most（6）bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments，St．George's Chapel，the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House．Works of art，antique furniture，curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations．The State Apartments are（7）decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．The magnificent and beautiful St．George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII．It （8）among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9）the exhibition "The Queen：60 Photographs for 60Years"．The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．III. Reading Comprehension3．（30分）"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed．However，it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is （1）．Social scientists are of course （2）interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour．There are no clear answers yet，but two （3）schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other，and there is a great deal of debate between （4）of each theory．The controversy （争论）is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5）the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）determined by biological factors．That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7）to this theory．Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）．Supporters of the "nurture" theory，or，as they are often called，（9），claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist，B．F．Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）by their surroundings．The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic．They state that，like machines，humans respond to （11）stimuli（刺激）as the basis of their behaviour．Socially and politically，the consequences of these two theories are （12）．In the US，for example，blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests．This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are．Behaviorists，（13），say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmentaladvantages that whites enjoy，and that，as a result，they do not develop the same （14）that whites do．Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour．As a matter of fact，it is quite （15）that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely（3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely（7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts（9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists （10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological （12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching （13）A．on the contrary B．as a whole C．after all D．for instance （14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages （15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely4．（8分）I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen，but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends meet．I do three night shifts a week，plus overtime if I can get it．Monday is the most occupied day for me ﹣﹣I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights，earning just over £100 a night，and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday．By the time I finish lectures，at 2 pm，I'm exhausted，but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm．I constantly have to force myself to stay awake，and to be alert，whatever it takes．Apacket of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps．The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves．I'm lucky because I'm an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym．I know I have the strength to bear it．I'm originally from Nigeria．I came here when I was seven，growing up in Croydon，south London．Money was tight．My parents gave me everything I needed，but there was no money to spend on luxuries．I worked hard at school though and，with the help of GT Scholars，I got some of the best A﹣level grades in my class．Unfortunately，though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young，the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application．That meant I wasn't eligible for a student loan．The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents，who work in market research，paid for my tuition fees．In Scotland，that's about £7，000 a year．I don't have much time to socialize because of my job．Ideally，I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course．Yes，I have a lot on my plate，but working hard isn't new to me．Growing up，my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life．My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS．But right now，I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can．Whenever I find life hard，I tell myself this is about my future．I don't need much，but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time．That is what I look forward to the most．（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？A．To help his parents pay off the debts．B．To pay for his tuition fees．C．To prove his ability to earn money．D．To pay for his own living expenses．（2）The underlined word "eligible" in the passage can be replaced by．A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）According to the passage，which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？A．A penny saved is a penny earned．B．Actions speak louder than words．C．God helps those who help themselves．D．Where there is life，there is hope．5．（6分）Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？Should you become a full stack web developer？What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？Our courses bring you a step﹣by﹣step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed．Read on to discover if it's the right path for you：●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back﹣end webdeveloping．With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish，a full stack developer can plan，manage，and build software with general know﹣how．A core difference between front and back﹣end developers is that front﹣end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website，while back﹣end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers，applications，and databases．Combined，they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly．Both skillsets are crucial for being a well﹣rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs．If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you．●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer，there are fewer candidates applying for positions，leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates．The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026，which is faster than the average rate for all occupations．With an impressive resume，full stack web developers can make ﹩87，661 on average．●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course，you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer．You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go．●Here's What You'll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front﹣end and back﹣end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails，HTML，CSS，and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front﹣end framework，Angular，and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration．（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage？A．Arts．B．Science﹣technology．C．Courses．D．Business．（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．Front and back﹣end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases．B．Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills．C．The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run．D．You can't start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand．（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？A．To advertise for full stack web developers．B．To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer．C．To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer．D．To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide．6．（8分）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck，on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague，may come asa surprise to many．Few outside the Nordic（北欧的）world would recognize the works ofthis Finnish artist who died in 1946．More people should．The 120 works have at their core20 self﹣portraits，half the number she painted in all．The first，dated 1880，is of a wide﹣eyed teenager eager to absorb everything．The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost﹣to﹣be．Prematurely gifted，Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school．"The Wounded Warrior in the Snow"，a history painting，was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17．Schjerfbeck studied in Paris，went on to Pont﹣Aven，Brittany，where she painted for a year，then to Tuscany，Cornwall and St Petersburg．During her 1887 visit to St Ives，Cornwall，Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"．A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker （柳条编制的）chair，toying with a sprig（小枝条）．The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society．To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的）and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished，sad expression on the child's face，which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences．At four，she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered．In 1890，Schjerfbeck settled in Finland．Teaching exhausted her，she did not like the works of other local painters，and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother．"If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life"，she wrote，"then it is because it has to be that way．" In 1902，Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small，industrial town of Hyvinkaa，50 kilometres north of Helsinki．Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter．She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother，local school girls，womenworkers in town．"I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul，which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves"，she wrote，"where everything is still unconscious ﹣﹣there one can make the greatest discoveries．" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting，scraped and rubbed，made bright rosy red spots；doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious ﹣﹣her own and that of her models．In 1913，Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist，Gosta Stenman．Once again she was a success．（1）Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because．A．her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB．her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC．her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD．her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．"The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood．B．"The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood．C．"The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood．D．"The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished，sorrowful expression．（3）Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of．A．she was exhausted by her teaching jobB．her personality prefers this kind of styleC．she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD．her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style．（4）We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is．A．her vivid characterization of common peopleB．her capture of the characters' soulC．the sorrowful expression of the charactersD．her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements7．（8分）A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods．B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered．C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop．D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment，even if you don't like it．E．Without patience，you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling，frustration，hurt feelings．F．If you lack patience，you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing．The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self．The more patient you are，the more accepting you will be of what life is，rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be．Without patience，life is extremely frustrating．（1）Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life．It's important for inner peace．（2）If you are stuck in a traffic jam，late for an appointment，being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax．It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that，in the bigger scheme of things，being late is "small stuff"．Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．（3）They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience．Life itself becomes a classroom，and the curriculum is patience．You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time．What you'll discover is truly amazing．Your intention to be patient，especially if you know it's only for a short while，immediately strengthens your capacity for patience．Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself．Once you reach little milestone﹣five minutes of successful patience ﹣you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient，even for longer periods of time．Over time，you may even become a patient person．Being patient will help you to keep your perspective．You will see even a difficult situation，say your present challenge，isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with．（4）．IV. Summary Writing8．（15分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet．More species of insects exist than allother animal species together．Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years，and may possess the ability to survive for millions more．Insects can be found almost everywhere ﹣﹣on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams，in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs．They dig through the ground，jump and sing in the trees，and run and dance in the air．They come in many different colours and various shapes．There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving．Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments．The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans．Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods ﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，other insects，plants and animals．Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces．Also，insects have an enormous reproductive capacity：An African ant queen can lay as many as 43，000 eggs a day．Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour．An insect may be right before our eyes，but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装）like a green leaf，lump of brown soil，gray lichen（青苔），a seed or some other natural object．Some insects use bright，bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad，sting or are poison．Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator，bitter﹣tasting insects；hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI. Guided Writing13．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．（15分）To Be Joyful，To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？It's probably not what you think．In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）have learned （learn）that real keys are pleasure，joy and freedom．Joy of living is sustainable；fear of dying is not．Why？Because life is to be enjoyed．There's no point （2）abandoning（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better，and quickly．When people eat more healthfully，（3）quit（quit）smoking，and manage stress better，they find they feel so much better，so quickly．It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right，your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen，so you become smarter，have more energy，and need less sleep．Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）（4）to grow（grow）that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow，so your skin glows more and wrinkles less．You look younger and more attractive．In contrast，an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）so you age more quickly．Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6）which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely．This is why smokers look years older than they really are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）what was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）Given/Having been given（give）a questionnaire，the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felt each day．The women who realized they were under heavy stress hadsignificantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with （9）those who felt more relaxed．Contrarily，some of the women who felt relaxed （10）without raising a disabled child had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．In other words，if you feel stressed，you are stressed．【解答】1．have learned．考查时态，根据前面的in the past 30 years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填have learned．2．abandoning．考查非谓语，there be句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．4．to grow．考查不定式，cause sb to do sth：使某人做某事，故填to grow．5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代your blood vessel becoming narrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Having been given．考查非谓语，the women与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Having been given．9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．2．（15分）A．uprising B．original C．frequently D．spectacularE．features F．luxuriously G．captured H．approachesI．inhabited J．matters K．ranksWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain．Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）I continuously，and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主）one after the other．Some were great builders，strengthening the Castle against （2）A and rebellion；others，living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence．William the Conqueror chose the site，high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground．It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）H to the capital．The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）B castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home，where she usually spends the weekend，and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties．Windsor Castle is （5）C used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents．Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．The Castle is huge，so people tend to head for the most（6）D bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments，St．George's Chapel，the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House．Works of art，antique furniture，curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations．The State Apartments are（7）F decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．The magnificent and beautiful St．George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII．It （8）K among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9）E the exhibition "The Queen：60 Photographs for 60 Years"．The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）G in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．【解答】IAHBC DFKEG1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．III. Reading Comprehension3．（30分）"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed．However，it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is （1）C．Social scientists are of course （2）B interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour．There are no clear answers yet，but two （3）A schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other，and there is a great deal of debate between （4）D of each theory．The controversy（争论）is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5）B the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）B determined by biological factors．That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7）C to this theory．Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）D．Supporters of the "nurture" theory，or，as they are often called，（9）D，claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist，B．F．Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）A by their surroundings．The behaviorists' view of the human being is。

上海市浦东新区2019届高三高考二模英语试题 2019.4考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the boat. B. At the gallery.C. At the gas station.D. In the countryside.2. A. 15 minutes. B. 45 minutes.C. 50 minutes.D. 60 minutes.3. A. Director and actress. B. Boss and secretary.C. Professor and student.D. Waiter and guest.4. A. Annoyed. B. Confused. C. Surprised. D. Worried.5. A. Changing the topic of the paper.B. Giving the paper to his tutor.C. Asking Mrs. Black for advice.D. Choosing biology as the subject.6. A. Reduce pressure and relax herself.B. Solve the serious problems at once.C. Lift spirits by forgetting bad things.D. Find the right address of the hospital.7. A. John's ideas are different from hers.B. John's speech has something to be desired.C. John has a talent for delivering public speeches.D. John is brave enough to express his viewpoints.8. A. Ask the man to borrow a printer.B. Buy a new printer with less noise.C. Read a book on how to fix the printer.D. Get a repairman to check the printer.9. A. Top concern should be given to safety.B. Bicycles are popular with consumers.C. Bicycles are not always extremely cheap.D. The price can not decide the quality of bicycles.10. A. Because she has got a membership card.B. Because she has already got a big discount.C. Because she wants to buy books at a low price.D. Because she works as an accountant at the store.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.II. A. Fable books. B. Fairy tales.C. Magic handbooks.D. Science fictions.12. A. Speeding up if necessary.B. Practising precisely and slowly.C. Playing the piano patiently.D. Playing tricks without being noticed.13. A. Live and learn. B. Curiosity killed the cat.C. Seeing is believing.D. Practice makes perfect. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It connects a chip to collect different color frequency.B. It changes the color frequency and becomes a part of the body.C. It receives the color frequency and sends the frequency to a chip.D. It detects the colors and gives feedback to the brain through a chip.15. A. Because color frequency was detected.B. Because an electronic device was installed.C. Because the project was secretly carried out.D. Because his official image was accidentally seen.16. A. Adam alone invented the electronic device.B. The device has improved the speaker's eyesight.C. The speaker can enjoy a Picasso without the electronic eye.D. The electronic eye helps those suffering from color blindness.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He got his shirt dirty accidentally.B. He was injured because of the airflow.C. He was interrupted by his neighbor.D. He was rudely treated by the airhostess.18. A. It is worse than before.B. It has improved just a little recently.C. It is well worth the price.D. It lives up to passengers' expectations.19. A. Because the flight was overbooked.B. Because he forgot to book the flight ticket.C. Because he went to the wrong check-in counter.D. Because the flight was delayed due to the bad weather.20. A. Tempting. B. Frightening.C. Frustrating.D. Exciting.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced by Amazon. This year Saint Louis University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room (21) _______ its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the football teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuire said: “Instead of sear ching on the Internet while I (22) _______ (tap) away at my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular（分子的）weight of water? And I can have the answer without (23) _______(interrupt) my process.” That’s exactly (24) _______ school officials had in mind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract (25)_______ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom,” David Hakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for the information online is another minute (26) _______ (commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. (27) _______ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technology to students. This year Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places (28) _______ _______ _______ students could get answers to common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way (29) _______ will build an ecosystem. (30) _______ supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not that there is one word more than you need.A. regionB. initiativeC. sticksD. domesticE. priorityF. shrinkingG. solidH. mattersI. classicJ. expandingK. indefinableUNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&MWhen asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls off the shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of the clothes are so ___31___, he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Sweden follow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan ___32___ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ___33___ base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ main markets of Europe and America. But instead his ___34___ remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,” he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ___35___ who are reaching the middle class. UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering ___36___ into Vietnam and other countries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).The success or not of UNIPLO’s overseas o perations ___37___ greatly to investors at home. Fast Retailing’s shares --- Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising since 2015, Analysts estimate, largely owingto its international expansion and improved logistics （物流）. At home thefirm is closing stores because the population is ___38___. Last year UNIQLO’s international profits overtook its ___39___ sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent. Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO in America struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains ___40___ for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confident that he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing inpapers, agonize（苦苦思索）over projects at work, and even worry aboutsmall errors from the past. High ___41___ are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, ___42___ perfection can have serious consequences to mental and physical well-being. Since perfectionism is ___43___ with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being unsuccessful. ___45___, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. ___46___, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible ___47___ to perfectionism involves developing whatpsychologists call a growth mindset（思维方式）.Researchers at StanfordUniversity have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with ___48___ mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a ___49___ role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to ___50___ when they make mistakes.Another ___51___ option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion（自我同情）. To understand self-compassion, thank about how you would___52___ a close friend if they made a mistake. Chances are that you’d probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves ___53___ when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being ___54___ by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you’re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive（认知的）behavioral therapycan be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning ___55___, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D. bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D. keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunities Section Bdirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )I had a teac her who used to wake up in class by shouting: “The early bird gets the worm!” I say “let him have the worm”. I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason. Anyway, I stopped eating worms at the age of three, switching to regular breakfasts of cereal（谷物）, to which I would add extra sugar.Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia: ”My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn’t like to be top of the class. What shall I do?” Give him a round of “applause” for being smart! Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better.Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11, I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last. The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted; the second-to-last contestant is INVISIBLE. And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test. I could do that. I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races. No one suspected anything. I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed.At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds. It was funny to watch, but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship. What they really needed were acting lessons, their moves were so unconvincing. “Oops, I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.”The other day, I took the children out and they raced for the car. “I’m first,” said one. The second said: “First is worst, second is best.” Together they sang at the last one: “And third’s the one with a hairy chest.”It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.”56. Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant?A. Its food was served raw.B. Its food contained worms.C. He was tempted by cereal.D. He was affected by the saying.57. How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class?A. He highlighted the top three students.B. He came to second in sports races.C. He hid himself in a bank skillfully.D. He intentionally underperformed.58. What can be learned from the passage?A. The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players.B. Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs.C. Children’s song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes.D. players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds.59. Which saying might the author possibly support?A. Great minds think alike.B. God favors those who are prepared.C. Honesty is the best policy.D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush( B )Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK r elease, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings.Judge Harry Pregerson InterchangeLa La Land’s opening scene is a six-minute dance that plays out in L.A.’s bad traffic. It is also where the film’s leading roles, struggling actr ess Mia and jazz pianist Sebastian, first encounter each other—in a road anger incident. The scene is said to have been filmed over two hot days in south L.A.Smokehouse Restaurant, BurbankThis is the setting for the scene in which Mia discovers Sebastian’s talent for the piano. The fictional Lipton’s restaurant---where jazz purist Sebastianwas reluctant to play Christmas music---is in reality a place long frequented by actors, producers and other show business types. It has been on this spot, across the street from the Warner Bros studio, since 1949. In the film, theouter wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural（壁画）. which featuresMarilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.Warner Bros Studios, BurbankMia works at the studio’s coffee shop, where Sebastian comes to meet her. As they wander the studio’s lot, Mia points out “the window that Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman looked out in Casablanca.” It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours. Cathy’s Corner, Mount Hollywood DriveThis section of the road that winds through Griffth Park is the setting of their dance play. It overlooks the San Fernando Valley and features on the film poster. Cathy’s Corner is near famed Mu lholland Drive, but prepare for disappointment if you’re expecting a park bench and street lamps, which only exist in the movie.60. In order to encounter some film stars, you may go to _______.A. Judge Harry Pregerson InterchangeB. Smokehouse RestaurantC. Warner Bros StudioD. Cath’s Corner61. Mia mentioned the underlined sentence so as to _______.A. stress Warner Bros is still in functionB. show respect for movies of previous generationsC. illustrate La La Land was filmed at Hollywood Center StudiosD. compare Mia and Sebastian’s love story with Humphrey and Ingrid62. In which section of a website can you most probably find this passage?A. Nature and Environment.B. City and Transport.C. Travel and Recreation.D. Food and Health.( C )Few facts about modern life seem more undeniable than how busy everyone seems to be. Across the industrialized world, large numbers of survey respondents tell researchers they’re overburdened with work, at the expense of time with family and friends.But the total time people are working , whether paid or otherwise, has not increased in Europe or North America in recent decades. What’s more, the date also show that the people who say they’re the busiest generally aren’t. Part of the answer is simple economics. As economies grow, and the incomes of the better-off have risen over time, time has literally become morevaluable: Any given hour is worth more, so we experience more pressure to squeeze in more work.But it’s also a result of the kind of wor k in which many of us are engaged. In the past, farming work was subject to weather limits, white at present people live in an “unlimited world,” and there are always more incoming emails, more meetings, more things to read, and digital mobile technology means you have a few more to-do list items.With time pressure weighing us down, it’s hardly surprising that we live with one eye on the clock. But psychological research demonstrates that this time-awareness actually leads to worse performance. So the ironic consequence of the “busy feeling” is that we could handle to-do list less well than if we weren’t so rushed.Arguable worst of all, the feeling of rush spreads to affect our leisure time, so that even when life finally does permit an hour or two for recovery, we end up feeling that leisure time should be spent ”productively,” too.If there’s a solution to the busyness epidemic（流行病）, other than the universal 21-hour workweek, it may lie in clearly realizing just how reasonable our attitudes have become. Historically, the ultimate symbol of wealth, achievement and social superiority was the freedom not to work. Now, it’s busyness that has become the indicator of high status. “Thebest-off in our society are often very busy, and have to be,” says Gershunny. “You ask me, am I busy, and I tell you: ”Yes, of course I’m busy because I’m an important person!”Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.63. According to the author, people’s feeling about busyness resultsfrom_______.A. the increase in time valueB. the sacrifice of family timeC. the longer working timeD. the change of working partners64. The underlined phrase “weighing us down” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.A. making us overburdenedB. having a positive effect on usC. measuring us in all aspectsD. giving us time for reflection65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The solution to busyness is applying a 21-hour workweek.B. If people had leisure time, they would relax themselves.C. The feeling of being burdened spells low productivity.D. Freedom is overrepresented in the current society.66. What does the passage mainly concerned with?A. The measurement of wealth in the current society.B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness.C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness.D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a propersentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.A. However, meal kits are likely heading for the mainstream.B. If it’s single-use and thrown away, the packaging is a killer.C. In that case, you might replace dozens of car trips with one truck trip.D. Meal knits arrive on your doorstep by truck filled with every ingredient you ne ed.E. Tailor-made meal kits save waste by providing precise quantities of fresh ingredi ents.F. If food waste was a country, it would rank third in emissions behind the US an d China.Meal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is a problemHome delivery meal kits can slash（大幅消减）food waste by more thantwo-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to makethem environmentally friendly.___67____ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the deliveryservices score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredientsfrom the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply becausemeal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if youhave meals that are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy andyou have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people willactually eat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane（甲烷）that contributes to climate change. ___68____ A 2018 reportfrom the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soarby a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bntonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewertrips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that areunlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have tovisit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truckcan carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ____69___The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste tozero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the samefood from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kitpackaging was cut by a fifth. ___70___ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as fa as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness. The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in theirlate-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties. Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health, and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has bee n flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一。

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2019.4 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airport. B. In the hotel. C. At a bus stop. D. In a subway station.2. A. The lady has to go ask for help.B. The lady is satisfied with her black coffee.C. The lady has to have black coffee.D. The lady has had too much black coffee.3. A. The paintings are copies with reasonable prices.B. The paintings are absolutely genuine.C. The paintings are only sold at this fair.D. The paintings are highly priced.4. A. The man booked the flight on Sep. 19.B. The man will take the flight on Sep. 16.C. The man wants to sell his ticket for Sep. 16.D. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep. 20.5. A. A soccer game. B. A bicycle race.C. A swimming game.D. A Marathon running race.6. A. Skirt. B. Matches. C. Toes. D. Shoes.7. A. She wants another steak.B. She doesn’t like the steak.C. She is too full to have anything more.D. She is full of energy.8. A. She prefers to exercise in the afternoon.B. The man should continue with his exercise.C. It is important to make warming-up exercise.D. The man should start to exercise one month later.9. A. It would be very cold today. B. It would get warm today.C. The cold front would stay for long.D. The weather report was wrong.10.A. To drive a long way home. B. To serve as a good mechanic.C. To buy a new car.D. To get her car maintained.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Many people like to eat dog meat. B. The world is too competitive.C. Dogs are unhappy with their existence.D. Dogs enjoy their life with people.12.A. A sick dog. B. A watch dog. C. A junkyard dog. D. A barking dog.13.A. He is probably to make his wife madder.B. He could go to work like a dog and get dog-tired.C. He is probably to let sleeping dogs lie.D. He probably will stay in the doghouse.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Zhuyun Art Museum shows China’s moder n culture, art and history.B. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s native culture, art and history.C. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s art crafts dating back to Tang Dynasty.D. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s contemporary paintings and calligraphy.15.A. To renew old factories to meet more demands of local residents.B. To store as much art crafts as possible.C. To serve the locals to meet their diverse art demands.D. To set a shelter for local modern artists.16.A. The earliest Buddha statues in it is about 2500 years old.B. This museum holds over 1000 Buddha statues.C. The exhibits in it are made of a variety of materials.D. The exhibits represent ancient people’s delicate techniques and intelligence.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Teacher and student. B. Consultant and parent.C. Consultant and headmaster.D. Doctor and patient.18.A. He withdrew some money from his parents’ bank account.B. He mixed with some bad guys, which influenced his study.C. He was not as attentive as before.D. He watched too much TV at home.19.A. She was annoyed. B. She was indifferent.C. She was confused.D. She was anxious.20.A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. All roads lead to Rome.C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.D. Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate (21) _______ (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, (22) _______ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords (23) _______ (promote) Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries— quite a leap from its humble beginnings.In its early years, the book set its sights on (24) _______ (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But not just any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period (25) _______ some of the remarkableGuinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people (26) _______ chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled（用真假嗓音交替唱）non-stop for ten and a quarter hours.In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer (27) _______ (restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion（燃烧）engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled (28) _______ a beard.Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records (29) _______ (evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be (30) _______ (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Like many people acting on the desire to eat healthy and local, Acropolis resident Eduardo Jimenez decided to plant a garden in his backyard. He ploughed the soil, he planted the seeds, and he even set up a fence to keep out the deer. Eduardo did everything right. Or so it seems. However, when (31) _____ time has come, he has not one tomato, bean, or leaf of lettuce to show for his hard work. How did this happen? The answer comes in the form of a small, brown, particularly smelly insect: the stink bug.Unlike their picky cousins, stink bugs feed on some 300 species of plants, including figs, blueberries, corn, and kiwi fruits as well as soybeans, peas, and weeds. Although they do little damage to the plant itself, they make the fruits and vegetables (32) _______. For this reason, stink bugs pose the most serious threat to the big agriculturalists and macro farm operators. Macro farmers have more (33) _______ in their produce, and therefore have more to lose. While hobbyists like Eduardo are left to face the disappointment of an unsuccessful garden, macro farmers are forced to live with the loss of entire tracts of cash crops—afact that has left many (34) _______ able to clothe their children or put food on the table.Last season alone, several New Jersey pepper farmers saw 75% of their crops damaged. Pennsylvania lost half of its peach population, and, according to the US Apple Association, apple farmers in the mid-Atlantic states lost $37 million. This year could be worse. As a result of this (35) _______ in the supply of fresh fruits and vegetables, shoppers have seen (36) _______—sometimes quite dramatic—in prices at the grocery store. Prices of apples in Maryland are up 8%. In the north-Atlantic states, prices for peppers shot up an astonishing 14%. Not only are these items becoming more expensive, but they are also getting harder to find. Last week, Marge Jenkins of Athens, Georgia reported having to check three different stores before encountering a decent batch of peas. And this, she assures us, is a regular (37) _______. Accidentally brought from Asia, the stink bug has no natural (38) _______ in America, and thus its population is rising sharply. Reported sightings of stink bugs are becoming increasingly numerous, as the dried, brown, trapezoidal（不规则四边形）shells of the dead bugs are everywhere in some areas. This has farmers and scientists alike (39) _______ their heads in search of a remedy. Hope, they believe, may lie with an Asian parasitic wasp（黄蜂）, which helpfully lays its eggs inside stink bug eggs.The larvae（幼虫）of the wasp consume the stink bug from the inside. But the (40) _______ of such a solution is still several years away, as scientists must first determine if it is safe for the wasp to be introduced into America. Until then, some farmers are resorting to homemade traps. Others have even contemplated the use of peacocks and praying mantises, which, they imagine, will gulp down the little stinkers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas（睡衣）! At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher (41) _____ the students’ progress.The cyber school was (42) _____ as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district’s (43) _____ public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can (44) _____ with learning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused (45) _____ and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put (46) _____ time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids’ daily work.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn’t (47) _____ education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social (48) _____. Payton Mcdonough, 13,a seventh grader from Glencoe, Ill., agrees. “I don’t know how I could sit at a compu ter all day without(49) _____ interacting with my peers and teachers,” he says.In addition, virtual schools don’t have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying (50) _____.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to (51) _____ what their kids do at home. Many parents have full–time jobs. How are they going to run their children’s education, (52) _____ in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning (53) _____, but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those courses online and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more (54) _____ schedules. Students often handle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after (55) _____. “We need to be responsible for working on our own,” says Angela Goscilo, a senior from Pound Ridge, N.Y. “We need to develop technology skills that will help us in wha tever we do. Getting an early start is a good idea.”41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. transformed43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized44. A. agree B. put up C. go D. interfere45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. instruction46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. unaffected47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. make up48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. identification49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely54. A. sustainable B. flexible C. relevant D. optimistic55. A. school B. study C. graduation D. educationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ABeing able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Whereas terrestrial animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, flying animals move at much higher speeds, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption,however, because for years nobody had actually studiedin detail how bats move their wings. In recent years,though, researchers have discovered a number ofinteresting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differentlyfrom birds, and their wings incorporate（结合）both theirfront and hind limbs （后肢）. This makes their limbsworking together more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do.Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land—upside down! Unlike birds, which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. How do they do it? A group of researchers recently used video cameras to film bats landing on nets suspended from the ceiling of their laboratory and studied the recordings in slow motion. They painted spots on the bats’ wings to see in detail what happens to the wings in flight and during touchdown. It turns out that the bats flew in a straight line up to the net and then quickly flipped over and attached themselves to it upside down. One disadvantage to this landing routine is that the bats often slam into their landing spot with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly rests on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.56.In line 1, the word terrestrial is closest in meaning to _______.A. high-flyingB. fast-movingC. tree-climbingD. ground-living57.According to the passage, what skill is crucial for flying animals?A. Diving underwater.B. Slowing down to land.C. Flying over great distances.D. Balancing on high branches.58.According to the passage, what is an advantage that bats have over birds?A. Bats can land on a greater variety of surfaces.B. Bats can turn in the air more quickly.C. Bats can eat while flying.D. Bats are lighter.59.What is the main topic of the passage?A. Places where flying animals choose to land.B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds.BMilton Hershey was born near the small village of Derry Church, Pennsylvania, in 1857. He only attended school through the fourth grade; at that point, he was apprenticed（做学徒）to a printer in a nearby town. After a while, he left the printing business and was apprenticed to a Lancaster, Pennsylvania candy maker. And at the age of eighteen, he opened his own candy store in Philadelphia. In spite of his talents as a candy maker, the shop failed after six years.After the failure of his Philadelphia store, Milton headed for Denver, where he learned the art of making caramels（焦糖）. Then in Denver, Milton once again attempted to open his own candy-making businesses, in Chicago, New Orleans, and New York City. Finally, in 1886, he went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he raised the money necessary to try again. This company— the Lancaster Caramel Company—established Milton’s reputation as a master candy maker.In 1893, Milton attended the Chicago International Exposition, where he saw a display of German chocolate-making implements. Fascinated by the equipment, he purchased it for his Lancaster candy factory and began producing chocolate, which he used for coating his caramels. By the next year, production had grown to include cocoa, sweet chocolate, and baking chocolate. The Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary（子公司）of the Lancaster Caramel Company. Six years later, Milton sold the caramel company, but reserved the rights, and the equipment, to make chocolate. He believed that a large market of chocolate consumers was waiting for someone to produce reasonably pricedcandy. He was right.Milton Hershey returned to the village where he had been born, in the heart of dairy country, and opened his chocolate manufacturing plant. With access to all the fresh milk he needed, he began producing the finest milk chocolate. The plant that opened in a small Pennsylvania village in 1905 is today the largest chocolate factory in the world. The sweets created at this facility are favorites around the world.The area where the factory is located is now known as Hershey, Pennsylvania. Within the first decades of its existence, the town of Hershey thrived, as did the chocolate business. A bank, a school, churches, a department store, even a park and a trolley system all appeared in short order; the town soon even had a zoo. Today, a visit to the area reveals the Hershey Medical Center, Milton Hershey School, and Hershey’s Chocolate World—a theme park where visitors are greeted by a giant Reeses Peanut Butter Cup. All of these things—and a huge number of happy chocolate lovers—were made possible because a caramel maker visited the Chicago Exposition of 1893!60.The mention of the 1893 Exposition indicates that _______A. the exposition in Chicago is held once every three years.B. the theme of the exposition of 1893 was “Food from Around the World.”C. the exposition contained displays from a variety of countries.D. the site of the exposition is now a branch of the Hershey Chocolate Company.61.According to the passage, Milton Hershey sold his caramel company in _______A. 1894.B. 1900.C. 1904.D. 1905.62.What can you infer from the passage?A. Chocolate is popular in every country in the world.B. Reeses Peanut Butter Cups are manufactured by the Hershey Chocolate Company.C. Chocolate had never been manufactured in the United States before Milton Hershey did it.D. The Hershey Chocolate Company now makes more money from Hershey’s Chocolate World thanfrom the manufacture and sale of chocolate.63.The author wrote this passage mainly to _______A. recount the founding of the Hershey Chocolate Company.B. describe the process of manufacturing chocolate.C. compare the popularity of chocolate to other candies.D. explain how apprenticeships work.CLike their ancient toga-wearing counterparts, modern philosophers continue to disagree on the nature of freewill. Do we really have any control over the choices we make and the things we desire, and if so, to what degree?Theories of freewill vary, but the ancient words of Plato still line up with our modern perceptions（概念）of temptation and willpower. The respected Greek philosopher argued that the human experience is one of constant struggle between the intellect and the body, between rationality and desire. Along these lines, true freedom is only achievable when willpower unchains us from bodily, emotional, instinctual slavery.You can find similar thoughts throughout world religions, most of which offer a particular and often difficult path to rise above our darker natures.And science? Well, science mostly agrees with all of this. Willpower is all about overcoming your natural desires to eat cupcakes, skip your morning workout, play games on mobile phone, hit the snooze alarm and check your e-mail during a funeral.Your willpower, however, is limited. If life were a video game, you'd see a glowing "willpower" or "ego"（自我）meter at the top of the screen next to your "life" meter. Successfully resist one temptation, and the meter drains a little. The next temptation drains the "willpower" meter even more, until there's nothing left at all.Our modern scientific understanding of willpower in large part stems from a 1996 research experiment involving chocolate and radishes（小红萝卜）. Psychologist Roy Baumeister led a study in which 67 test subjects were presented with tempting chocolate chip cookies and other chocolate-flavored treats before a persistence-testing puzzle. Here's the catch: The researchers asked some of the participants to withdraw from sweets and snack on radishes instead.Baumeister's results told a fascinating story. The test subjects who resisted the sweet stuff in favor of radishes performed poorly on the persistence test. They simply didn't have the willpower left to resist slacking off（松懈）.The research inspired more than a thousand additional studies discussing everything from the influence of positive messages to the ego-sapping power of daily decisionsStudies also show that cognitive capacity also affects our ability to hold out against temptation. Cognitive capacity is essentially your working memory, which you employ when resisting a temptation ... or holding a string of numbers in your head. A 1999 study from the University of Iowa professor Baba Shiv found that people tasked with remembering a two-digit number held out better than people remembering a seven-digit number when tempted with chocolate cake.64.What do you understand by ‘freewill’?A. The control we have over the choices.B. The choices we make and the things we desireC. The choices that philosophers force us to makeD. Our perception of temptation.65.According to Plato, when is true freedom available?A. When there is a struggle between the intellect and the bodyB. When our willpower helps us to overcome our basic instinctsC. When we desire that which we cannot achieveD. When we have no control over our ego66.What is meant by ‘cognitive capacity’?A. Willpower to realize one’s own ego.B. Our ability to overcome temptationC. Our ability to remember things.D. The desire to give in to temptationSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. (67) __________________________________ Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. (68) ______________________________Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it c ould damage the vehicle. That’s because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay i n orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. (69) ________________________________ Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earthso that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. (70) _______________________________ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that s ome books should be banned from school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.。