2013全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

名师指导：2013考研英语大纲分析及备考思路2013年考研大纲在广大考生的千呼万唤声中，终于在今天露出她神秘的面纱，没有像网络上谣传的那样，要增考听力，也没有对新题型做更大的改动，英语这门科目考试内容基本上和我们启航暑期课堂讲授的完全一致。

大纲变化的内容主要体现在以下三个方面：1. 英语一的小作文部分，删掉了摘要的写法，这对广大英语一的考生来说是好消息，不用多备考一种小作文题型。

2. 英语二的新题型删掉了正误判断这一题型，因为这种题型对英语二的考生来说得分容易，删掉之后对英语二的考生不是好消息。

3. 大纲新增60个词汇，有关这些词汇的特点和考点，我会接下来在相关网站上做细致的解析。

因此可以说今年大纲无任何实质性变化，希望广大2013年的考生可以借借他人的大纲查看一下，或到学校图书馆查阅一下去年的英语考试大纲，来了解今年的英语考试内容。

现在我们来先讲一讲各大题型的备考思路。

一.完型填空备考思路完形填空实际上就是在测试考生的句子结构和词汇搭配运用的问题。

它比单纯的语法词汇题要高和难，因为它是放在篇章上下文里来测试。

其测试点体现在以下三个方面：首先考生要读懂文章，然后从句子层面阅读来答题。

英语大纲规定完形填空的测试点是三个方面：1. 语法结构，包括时态与语态，非谓语动词，主从复合句及其连接用语(该项为重点)，特殊句式，比较结构等。

2. 词汇考点包括词义辨析和一词多义，词语搭配，固定用法等。

因此考生在复习单词时要注意熟记常用词组，掌握词汇的搭配，归纳和区别近义词或同范畴的词语，同时利用词根和词缀来扩展词汇。

3. 语篇衔接，尤其是要学会利用上下文帮助来答题，同时关注句子之间的逻辑关系，这很有技巧，我会在启航冲刺班告诉大家怎样去拿到一些高分。

因此现在要求大家认真提高单词量，把考研核心词汇掌握好，至于一些偏难词或超纲词语，稍微看看就行。

二.传统阅读备考思路阅读还是今年考研英语的重中之重，or put it in another way, 考研的成败在于英语，英语的成败在于阅读，阅读的成败在于方法。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over[D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history[D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume[D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow[D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with[D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D]productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy[D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since[D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released[D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because[D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise[D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored[D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit[D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path[D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more aboveaverage cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating j obs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affect ionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system an d the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They a re energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decis ions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactio ns in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quota s either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change yourmind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a littlegreengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's notgood enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planningahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often thannot, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for threemonths gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza fromDomino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET .2013参考答案Section ⅠUse of English1.A2.D3.B4.D5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B 10.A11.A 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.DSection ⅡReading Comprehension21. A 22.D 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.C 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.D31.D 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.C 36.B 37.A 38.A 39.D 40.C41.F 42.E 43.G 44.C 45.D46. 翻译参考译文从过去的53年间任选一天，我能立刻回想起当时我身在何方，当天新闻中发生何事，甚至那天是周几。

2013考研英语大纲汇总.table{border-left:1px #99CCFFsolid;border-top:1px #99CCFF solid} .tabletd{border-right:1px #99CCFF solid; border-bottom:1px #99CCFF solid; text-align:center;FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 22px; FONT-FAMILY: ‘微软雅黑’} 2013考研英语大纲及解析 1 2013年考研英语大纲（英语大纲完整版）查看详情 2 2013年考研英语大纲一查看详情名师访谈 1 名师指导：2013考研英语大纲分析和备考思路查看详情整体解析 1 名师讲解：2013考研英语新大纲新增60词汇详解查看详情2 2013新增词汇速查词义词性分类词汇表查看详情3 大纲局部微调及应对策略查看详情4 2013考研英语大纲全方位解读—以不变应万变查看详情5 2013年与2012年英语（一）大纲变化分析查看详情6 2013年与2012年英语（二）考试大纲变化分析查看详情7 2013考研英语大纲：夯实基础，突出技巧查看详情专项解析 1 大纲变化应对策略—单词篇查看详情 2 大纲变化应对策略—阅读篇查看详情 3 大纲变化应对策略—写作篇查看详情 4 2013年考研英语完型解题之十大逻辑关系解析查看详情 5 考研英语翻译“拆分”势在必行查看详情6 英语（二）从三大方面入手提升翻译分数查看详情7 英语（二）大纲看翻译部分复习要点查看详情8 英语（二）大纲：翻译部分解析查看详情9 英语（二）翻译部分解析与应考策略查看详情 10 英语(一)大纲作文命题特点及应对策略查看详情 11 英语大纲解析:小作文写作技巧查看详情 12 英语大纲指导下的作文写作高分技巧查看详情 13 考研英语(一)大纲之阅读部分查看详情 14 英语大纲阅读Part A部分解析及复习策略查看详情 15 英语大纲阅读部分：实践与理论相结合查看详情 *说明:因各方面不断调整变化,此信息仅供参考。

解析2013考研英语大纲最新变化欢迎大家来到新东方在线网络课堂，我是考研(微博)英语(一)、英语(二)写作主讲老师王江涛。

今天跟大家分析一下2013考研英语最新大纲。

今天是2012年9月14日，2013考研英语的大纲公布了。

今天我们主要讲两个内容：第一个是英语(一)跟英语(二)的区别第二个是2013大纲变化一、英语(一)跟英语(二)的区别英语(一)是针对学术硕士的考生，学制一般为3年，部分专业硕士比如法硕、医学硕士等，考英语(一)；英语(二)是针对专业硕士的考生，如管理类考试最终大家要在报考院校的招生简章上确认考试科目。

从考试本身，整体来说，英语(一)稍难，英语(二)较容易从考试细节来说：1、词汇：均考察5500词汇，英语二大纲明确考5类文章，大家要关注，比如可以多记忆一些经济管理类词汇。

大家可以关注：新东方王江涛的微博，我也会有各种类型词汇的帖子。

2、语法：英语一包含全部语法内容，英语二列出了8种语法现象3、阅读B节，英语一是七选五、标题和排序，英语二是连线4、阅读C节，翻译，英语一是5个划线句子，英语二全文翻译，相对较简单5、作文，大作文，英语一一般是图画作文，英语二一般是图表作文但是，复习时，提纲作文、情景作文、图画作文、图表作文要全面复习。

二、最新大纲变化之前传言的，增加700词汇、阅读难度会到专八程度等等都是不真实的。

2013考研英语大纲变化不大：1、新大纲删除并增加总计60左右词汇这些词汇95%是阅读中考(微博)过的词汇，有些是原大纲中词汇的变形2、小作文英语一、二小作文，都删除了摘要这种题型。

09年10月明确提出，今年删掉，在难度上稍有降低。

小作文只考书信、备忘录、报告，但是之前背诵的摘要文章及积累的内容，均可用于写作准备中。

3、英语二新题型，正误判断题型删掉这种题型相对简单，考试的区分度不够好，所以删掉。

总结：大纲整体变化不大，难度起伏不大。

最后，写作复习上，注意一下三点：1、背诵：每个阶段都会提供二十大必备范文，好好掌握2、默写：大作文15分钟，小作文8分钟3、仿写：用背的文章写新的题目，背诵的内容用的越多越好。

2013年考研大纲变动汇总【政治】与2012年的大纲进相比，2013年政治大纲在题型和分值方面没有变化，仅仅只是个别单科的分值进行了微调，马克思主义原理分值比例由原来是22%调为24%，思修法基础由原18%变为16%。

另，还有两处知识点的新增以及两处知识点的删减。

见下图：增加：“客观辩证法与主观辩证法”；“西方干涉主义的新特点”删除：“商品的价值量与劳动生产率的关系”；“资本主义民主制度与法制、政权组织形式、选举制度、政党制度”2013年政治新大纲中，《马克思主义基本原理概论》的变化是：增加4个考点，删除3个考点，修改有10处。

增加的4个考点：（1）辩证法部分增加“客观辩证法与主观辩证法”;（2）认识论部分增加“”唯物主义反映论与唯心主义先验论的对立；（3）认识论部分增加“自由与必然”。

（4）政治经济学部分增加“资本主义政治制度的进步作用和局限性”删除的3个考点：（1）认识论部分删除“两条根本对立的认识路线”；（2）政治经济学部分删除“商品价值量与劳动生产率的关系”;（3）删除“资本主义民主制度与法制、政权组织形式、选举制度、政党制度”。

修改的10个考点：（1）辩证法部分“唯物辩证法与认识方法和工作方法的一致性”修改为“唯物辩证法与认识方法和工作方法”; （2）“辩证唯物主义能动反映论与旧唯物主义直观反映论的原则区别”修改为“辩证唯物主义能动反映论与旧唯物主义直观反映论的区别”;（3）“认识世界与改造世界、改造客观世界与改造主观世界的辩证统一”修改为“认识世界与改造世界、改造客观世界与改造主观世界”;（4）唯物史观部分“社会存在和社会意识的内涵及其作用”修改为“社会存在和社会意识的构成及作用”;（5）“阶级斗争的含义和作用”修改为“阶级斗争的作用”;（6）“剩余价值的含义”修改为“剩余价值的实质”;（7）“绝对剩余价值生产和相对剩余价值生产”修改为“绝对剩余价值和相对剩余价值”;（8）“资本主义政治制度的本质”修改为“资本主义政治制度的构成及本质”；（9）“资本主义国家意识形态的产生和确立。

2013考研英语（二）测试大纲：英译汉解析2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）大纲对考试内容第三部分的英译汉表述是“考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。

要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

”考试的形式为：长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，将其全部译成汉语。

共15分。

一、命题基本指导思想和评分标准(一)命题指导思想英译汉试题命题的基本原则是避免内容不健康、带有各种偏见的语言材料；试题无科学性错误；侧重运用能力的考查。

英译汉部分的命题指导思想是适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的英译汉技巧。

(二)评分标准考研英语(二)英译汉的标准，一是“忠于原文”，二是“通顺”。

所谓“忠于原文”，就是说译文要准确地表达原文的内容和观点，不得随意增补，不能遗漏，不能加入自己的立场观点。

当然，“忠于原文”并不是要逐字逐句机械地翻译。

过分拘泥于原文反而经常造成译文的生涩难懂。

“通顺”，则是指译文语言合乎汉语的规范和语言习惯，不要有语病、错别字，力求做到明白通畅。

二、英译汉部分试题命题的特点(一)、英译汉短文的语体特征英译汉部分所选的短文多为正式的说明文和议论文，在用词方面较正规、正式，鲜见口语中的词汇或俚语等非正式用词，所以译文也要注意用词正式、规范、严谨。

(二)英译汉短文的题型特征英译汉部分所选的短文主要包括社会文化、经济管理、科普知识等内容，比较集中在经济、金融、企业管理方面的一般综合性题材，专业性并不强。

(三)英译汉短文的句子特征英译汉部分考查的句子结构复杂程度并非维持在一个稳定的范围内，往年的考试中也常出现包含复杂的定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句及被动句等的难句。

不过，考查的重点是在上下文中准确把握词义的能力、分析语言结构的能力、分析语言结构的能力和使用汉语的习惯与规范正确表达的能力。

三、英汉两种语言的差异对比在考试中，许多考生将句子的逻辑关系分析清楚了，词汇及短语搭配的含义选择似乎也与短文的语境相符，但动笔翻译起来却发现，很难用通顺流畅的汉语表达出来。

2013年考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed,predictions have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in1975that electronic means of payment would soon"revolutionize the very3of money itself,"only to4itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper,several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system.First, it is very7to set up the computer,card reader,and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment Second,paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts,something that many consumers are unwilling to 10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of"float"-it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13electronic payments arc immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there.The fact that this is not an 16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else's accounts.The18of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data.There are concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able to access these data,thereby violating our privacy.1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print10.[A]give up[B]take over[C]bring back[D]pass down11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification19.[A]cope with[B]fight against[C]adapt to[D]call for20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points) Text1In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle,But,today,average is officially over.Being average just won’t earn you what it used to.It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But there’s been an acceleration.As Davidson notes,”In the10years ending in2009,[U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about6million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph1is used to illustrate_______[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes22.According to Paragraph3,to be a successful employee,one has to______[A]work on cheap software[B]ask for a moderate salary[C]adopt an average lifestyle[D]contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph4explains that______[A]gains of technology have been erased[B]job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C]factories are making much less money than before[D]new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is_____[A]to accelerate the I.T.revolution[B]to ensure more education for people[C]ro advance economic globalization[D]to pass more bills in the21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]New Law Takes Effect[B]Technology Goes Cheap[C]Average Is Over[D]Recession Is BadText2A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and7millin people arrived while about2million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide nemcomers into two categories:legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We don’t need more categories,but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them,They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can beproductive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26“Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A]immigrate across the Atlantic.[B]leave their home countries for good.[C]stay in a foregin temporaily.[D]find permanent jobs overseas.27It is implied in paragraph2that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A]needs new immigrant categories.[B]has loosened control over immigrants.[C]should be adopted to meet challenges.[D]has been fixeed via political means.28According to the author,today’s birds of passage want___[A]fiancial incentives.[B]a global recognition.[C]opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated__[A]as faithful partners.[B]with economic favors.[C]with legal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30which of the best title for the passage?[A]come and go:big mistake.[B]living and thriving:great risk.[C]with or without:great risk.[D]legal or illegal:big mistake.Text3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read20percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing,Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”long-term study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about12percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn’t changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may____.[A]vary according to the urgency of the situation[B]prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C]depend on the importance of the assessment[D]predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A]can be associative[B]are not unconscious[C]can be dangerous[D]are not impulsive33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A]trust our first impression[B]do as people usually do[C]think before we act[D]ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A]critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced’’study[C]sensible explanation[D]adequate information35.The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A]tolerant[B]uncertain[C]optimistic[D]doubtfulText4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular,the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.indeed,women hold only14percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to60percent.This proposed mandate was born of st year,Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of40percent female board membership.But her appeal was considered a failure:only24companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally,I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently.“But i like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding,a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration.I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,government by the capable.Bur,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all,four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position —no matter how much“soft pressure”is put upon them.When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families,Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace,generally_____.[A]women take the lead[B]men have the final say[C]corporate governance is overwhelmed[D]senior management is family-friendly37.The European Union’s intended legislation is________.[A]a reflection of gender balance[B]a reluctant choice[C]a response to Reding’s call[D]a voluntary action38.According to Reding,quotas may help women______.[A]get top business positions[B]see through the glass ceiling[C]balance work and family[D]anticipate legal results39.The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of_________.[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of______.[A]more social justice[B]massive media attention[C]suitable public policies[D]greater“soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)[A]Live like a peasant[B]Balance your diet[C]Shopkeepers are your friends[D]Remember to treat yourself[E]Stick to what you need[F]Planning is everything[G]Waste not,want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits.After bills,Tony has￡60a week to spend,￡40of which goes on food,but10years ago he was earning￡130,000a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'"at least twice a week.Then his marriage failed,his career burned out and his drinking became serious."The community mental health team saved my life.And I felt like that again, to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well.It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost.But it's still a day-by-day thing."Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents.He's feeling positive,but he'll carry on blogging-not about eating as cheaply as you can-"there are so many people in a much worse state,with barely any money to spend on food"-but eating well on a budget.Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option,so plan your week's menu in advance,making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities.I have an Exceltemplate for a week of breakfast,lunch and dinner.Stop laughing:it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet.It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly,because,being-human,you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy.With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer.And if you plan properly,you'll know that you only need,say,350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon,not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer-that's not good enough.Mine is filled with leftovers,bread,stock,meat and fish.Planning ahead should eliminate wastage,but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup,and all fruits threatening to"go off'will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this,but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters.Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly,even for small things,and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones,chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which,more often than not,they'll let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot,but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant-￡1.75a week for threemonths gives you￡21-more than"enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus.It's￡16.95there-or￡12.99for a large pizza from Domino's:I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)I can pick a date from the past53years and know instantly where I was,what happened in the news and even the day of the week,I’ve been able to do this,since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.When I think of a sad memory,I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side.I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.Powerful memory doesn’t makemy emotions any more acute or vivid.I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day of the week the day of the week day before.I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47.Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help.Write your classmates an email to1)inform them about the details and encourage them to participate.2)Don’t use your own name,use“Li Ming”instead.Don’t write your address.(10 points)48.write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.2013年考研英语二真题答案Section I Use of English1-5:ADBDC6-10:BBDBA11-15:ADCCC16-20:CABADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25：ADBBC26-30：CCDCD31-35：DACDC36-40：BAADCPart B41-45：FEGCDSection III Translation从过去的53年里随便找出哪一天，我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里，那一天发生了什么新闻，甚至那一天是星期几。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲）I考试性质英语（一）考试是为高等院校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业优秀本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2. 词汇考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关词组（详见附录1）。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

博仁教育提示：此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

（二）语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所读材料，考生应能：1) 理解主旨要义；2) 理解文中的具体信息；3) 理解文中的概念性含义；4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义；6) 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8) 区分论点和论据。